2022年高考英语语法---主谓一致知识梳理

2022年高考英语语法知识点梳理主谓一致主谓一致的分类 一、“不确定数量”的单词或短语作主语一、“不确定数量”的单词或短语作主语1.“all of，some of，half of，most of+名词或代词”作主语时，谓语动词由后面的名词或代词决定。All of the cake has been eaten.蛋糕全吃完了。（cake用单数）All of us are going to Sam’s party next week.下周我们都去参加山姆的聚会。（us用复数）Half of the apples are rotten.一半的苹果烂了。（apples用复数）Half of the apple is rotten.这苹果的一半烂了。（apple用单数）Some of the work is really difficult.有部分工作的确很难。（work用单数）Some of the problems we face today are the destruction of our environment.当今我们面临的问题是环境的破坏。（problems用复数）Most of my friends live abroad.我的朋友大多数住在国外。（friends用复数）Most of the cheese is made from cow’s milk.这些奶酪大都是用牛奶做的。（cheese用单数）2.“the rest of，the majority of+名词或代词”作主语时，谓语动词由后面的名词或代词决定。The rest of the students are watering trees.其余的学生正在浇树。（students用复数）The rest of the wine has gone bad.剩下的酒已经变质了。（wine用单数）The majority of the damage is easy to repair.这次的大部分损害容易补救。（damage用单数）The majority of his books are kept upstairs.他的大部分书藏在楼上。（books用单数）3.“a lot of/lots of，plenty of，a large quantity of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词由后面的名词或代词决定。There is plenty of coal in this area.这个地区有丰富的煤。（coal用单数）Plenty of foreign firms have set up factories here.很多外国公司已在这里开办了工厂。（firms决定谓语动词用复数）A lot of food here is delicious.这儿很多食物都很好吃。（food用单数）Lots of people here like dancing.这儿很多人都喜欢跳舞。（people用复数）A large quantity of beer was sold out.大量的啤酒被售出。（beer用单数）A large quantity of blouses were on sale.大量罩衫有售。（blouses用复数）【提示】“quantities of+可数或不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词都用复数。Quantities of water were wasted in this town last year.这个镇去年浪费了大量的水。There were large quantities of shoppers just before Christmas.圣诞节以前购买东西的顾客非常多。4.“a variety of，a group of，a crowd of，a good many，a number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。There are a variety of toys in this shop.这家商店有各种各样的玩具。A group of frogs were traveling through the forests.一群青蛙正在穿越树林。A crowd of cattle were dotted around the grass land with a little boy sitting on a rock.一群牛羊分散在草地上，一个男孩坐在一块岩石上。A good many people agree with us.许多人与我们意见相同。A number of books are missing from the library.图书馆的许多书不见了。【比较】①A number of accidents always occur on rainy days.雨天常常有许多事故发生。②The number of students in this college has doubled.这所大学的学生人数翻了一番。5.“名词化形容词”表示“一类人”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。The poor get poorer；the rich get richer.穷者愈穷；富者愈富。The rejected were heaped in the corner.废品堆在角落里。The French like to eat well.法国人很讲究吃。The wounded were sent home.伤员们被送回家。【提示】 “名词化形容词”表示抽象概念时，谓语动词用单数。The true is to be distinguished from the false.真伪须辨分明。6.“a kind of，a type of，a sort of+名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。There is a kind of rose on the table，which is very expensive.桌上放着一种玫瑰，价格昂贵。A type of bird that is now extinct is the passenger pigeon.现已消失的一种鸟是信鸽。7.“many a，more than one+名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Many a boy likes playing basketball.许多男生都喜欢打篮球。Many a ship has been wrecked on those rocks.许多船只毁于那些礁石之上。More than one person is involved in this.与此事有牵连的人不止一个。More than one student was late.不止一个学生迟到。【比较】 不止一个人来帮助我们。①More than one person comes to help us.（单数）②More persons than one come to help us.（复数）8.“a great deal of，a large amount of+不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。A great deal of money is spent on research.研究工作花了许多钱。A large amount of work has been done to stop the noise.已做了许多工作来消灭噪音。主谓一致的分类 二、“确定数量”的单词或短语作主语二、“确定数量”的单词或短语作主语1.“分数，百分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词由后面的名词或代词决定。Two thirds of water in the area has been polluted.这片区域三分之二的水都被污染了。（water用单数）Two thirds of the students in this class are girls.这个班三分之二的学生是女孩。（students用复数）About 70 percent of the workers in that factory are young people.那家工厂 70％的工人是年轻人。（workers用复数）Around 10 percent of the forest is destroyed each year.每年大约有10%的森林被毁。（forest用单数）2.四则运算（1）两数相减、相除，谓语用单数。Eight minus three is/makes five=Three from eight leaves five.（8-3=5）Ten divided by two is five.（10÷2=5）（2）两数相加、相乘，谓语可用单数或复数。Seven and three is/are ten.（7+3=10）Three times five is/are fifteen.（3×5=15）3.“each of+复数名词或代词” 作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Each of the two boys was carrying a suitcase.两个男孩进来，每人提着一只箱子。Each of the students has his own desk.每个学生都有自己的课桌。Each of them has got ready for the picnic.他们每人都为野餐做好了准备。Each of us was deeply frightened.我们个个都惊恐万分。【比较】①Each of you has something to say.（each作主语，谓语动词用单数）②We each have something to say.（we作主语，each作同位语，谓语动词用复数）4.“kind of，pair of，glass of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词由kind，pair，glass的形式决定。This pair of shoes is Tom’s.这双鞋是汤姆的。Three pairs of shoes have been prepared for the climbing.为这次爬山准备了三双鞋。A glass of milk is OK.一杯牛奶足矣。There are two glasses of water on the table.桌上有两杯水。5.none of+名词（1）“none of+不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。None of the land has become desert.这些土地都没有变成沙漠。None of money is mine.这笔钱没有一点是我的。（2）“none of+复数名词或代词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数或复数。None of the telephones is/are working.没有一部电话是好的。None of us has/have been to America.我们都没去过美国。6.时间、距离、金钱作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Ten years is a long time.十年是一段很长的时间。One hundred miles was covered in a single night.一夜走完一百英里。The one dollar and eighty-seven cents was all Della had saved.那一美元八十七美分是戴拉的全部积蓄。主谓一致的分类 三、并列结构作主语三、并列结构作主语1.“and和both ...and连接的并列主语”通常作复数。Plastics and rubber never rot.塑料和橡胶从不腐烂。Walking and riding are good exercises.散步和骑车是很好的运动方式。Rice and bread are my favorite food.米饭和面包都是我最喜欢的食物。Both Tom and I are fond of medicine.我和汤姆都喜欢医学。2.and连接“成双成对”的整体概念时，谓语动词用单数。aim and end 目的　　　　　　　　bread and butter 面包抹黄油cart and horse 马车　　　　　　 cup and saucer 一副茶杯与茶托egg and rice 蛋炒饭　　　　　　 fork and knife 刀叉husband and wife 夫妻　　　　　 master and servant 主仆mother and child 母子　　　　　 needle and thread 一根带线的针truth and honesty 真诚　　　　　watch and chain 一只带链的表A knife and fork is on the table.桌上有一副刀叉。Egg and rice is her usual breakfast.她早上通常吃蛋炒饭。A cart and horse was seen in the distance.远处能看见有一套马车。They hired a car and driver.他们租了一辆配有司机的汽车。Truth and honesty is the best policy.真诚是最好的策略。3.and连接的两个名词若是指同一个人，谓语动词用单数。The teacher and writer is my uncle.这位教师作家是我叔叔。The professor and doctor is a Chinese.这位教授兼医生是中国人。The girl’s teacher and friend is a young doctor.女孩的良师益友是一位年轻医生。The famous singer and dancer has come to Beijing.这位著名的歌唱家兼舞蹈家已经来到北京。【比较】①The poet and writer has come.那位诗人兼作家来了。（一个人）②The poet and the writer have come.那位诗人和作家来了。（两个人）4.and连接“each，every，no，many a+名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Each boy and each girl wants to be the first.每个女孩，每个男孩，都想得第一。Every boy and every girl enjoys equal rights here.这里每个男孩和每个女孩都享有平等权益。No teacher and no student is admitted.师生一律不准进入。Many a teacher and many a student has spoken at the meeting.许多学生和老师都在会上发了言。5.“a+名词+and a half，one and a half+名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。One apple and a half is left on the table.桌上只留下一只半苹果。one and a half apples is left on the table.6.one or two+名词（1）“one or two+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。One or two places have been visited.参观了一两个地点。One or two spelling mistakes have been found in your composition.你的作文中有一两处错误。（2）“a+名词单数+or two”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。A worker or two is going to be sent to work abroad.一两个工人将被派往国外去工作。A word or two is misused in the sentence.句子中误用了一两个单词。