2022年高考英语语法详解--主谓一致

2022年高考英语语法解析主谓一致主谓一致的意义 一、主语的“人称”决定谓语动词的形式一、主语的“人称”决定谓语动词的形式1.复数（1）第一人称：谓语动词用复数形式。I enjoy collecting new idioms.我喜爱收集新的习语。We make many beautiful things of glass.我们制造了很多漂亮的玻璃器皿。（2）第二人称：谓语动词用复数形式。You love music.你爱好音乐。You all enjoy reading the Chinese classics.你们都喜欢读中国名著。（3）第三人称复数：谓语动词用复数形式。They love music.他们爱好音乐。Disney films are very successful.迪斯尼电影是非常成功的。2.单数：第三人称单数谓语动词用单数形式He never throws rubbish on the floor.他从不在地板上扔垃圾。She loves music.她爱好音乐。It is necessary for us to stop them.我们必须制止他们。Mickey Mouse is the most classic cartoon character of Disney films.米老鼠是迪斯尼电影里最经典的卡通人物。My mother washes the dishes every day.我妈妈每天都洗碗。主谓一致的意义 二、主语的“数”决定谓语动词的形式二、主语的“数”决定谓语动词的形式1.复数（1）“复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。The children are taken good care of.孩子们得到很好的照料。When people speak of American films，they generally think of Hollywood.当人们讲到美国电影时，一般会想到好莱坞。（2）“复数代词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。They have gone to Shanghai.他们去上海了。Their houses stand on top of the hill，and ours are at the foot of the hill.他们的房子在山顶上，我们的在山脚下。2.单数（1）“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。The work is important.这项工作重要。A car needs gas to run and your body also needs food to work for you.汽车需要汽油才能跑，你的身体也需要食物才能工作。He is popular among the children.他深受孩子的喜爱。Walt Disney starts it with Micky Mouse.华特·迪士尼从米老鼠开始了这一切。A soldier was wounded in the battle.战斗中一个士兵负伤。（2）不定代词each，one，much，little，either，neither，another作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Each takes a cup of coffee.每人喝一杯咖啡。Either is correct.这两者哪一个都对。Neither likes this painting.这两人谁也不喜欢这幅画。Little has been done for them.几乎什么事也没有为他们做。Much has been said on the matter.关于这件事已经说了很多了。4.复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Something is wrong with the computer.这台电脑出毛病了。Everything is going no well.一切都不顺利。Somebody is waiting for you at the school gate.有人在学校门口等你。There was nothing special then.那时没什么特别情况。5.“不定式，动名词，介词短语”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。To hesitate means failure.犹豫不决就意味着失败。（不定式）For him to admit his mistakes is not easy.要他承认错误是不容易的。（带逻辑主语的不定式）When to leave has not been decided.什么时候离开还没有定下来。（不定式短语）Going shopping on Sunday is one of his habits.周日购物是他的一个习惯。（动名词短语）After the meeting is the time to visit.散会以后才是访友时间。（介词短语）从句中的主谓一致 二、what从句二、what从句1.表语是单数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。What the boy wants is a toy car.孩子想要的是一辆玩具车。What I want to know is this.我想知道的就是这一点。What we need is money.我们需要的是钱。What the country needs most is wise leadership.这个国家最需要的是明智的领导。2.表语是形容词时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。What he said was true.他说的话是对的。What is beautiful is not always good.漂亮的并非总是好的。What I have to tell you is very simple.我必须要告诉你的其实很简单。3.表语是介词短语时，谓语动词用单数形式。What they did was in vain.他们的所作所为是徒劳的。What the students do in their spare time is of great importance.学生课余时间所做的事是非常重要的。4.表语是复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。What we need are good doctors.我们需要的是优秀的医生。What is real to him are the details of his life.对他来说真实的是生活细节。What his father left him are a few English books.他父亲留给他的是几本英语书。【比较】①What he said and what he did were different.他言行不一（复数）。②When and where to hold a meeting isn’t decided.开会的时间地点还没定。（单数）【高考演练】1.【湖南】All we need________a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.A.are B.was C.is D.were【答案】C 考查主谓一致。句意：所有我们需要的只是一小块在一年的成长季节里能够种植各种各样果树的土地。all作主语时，如指复数概念，动词用复数；如指单数概念，动词用单数。根据后面的a small piece of land可知这里表示单数概念。故选C。2.【福建】The famous musician，as well as his students，________to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.A.were invited B.was invitedC.have been invited D.has been invited【答案】B 考查主谓一致。题干主语中心词为介词短语as well as之前的musician，故谓语使用单数，排除A和C；再根据句中标志性词语at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo可知应使用一般过去时态。故选B。3.【湖南】The university estimates that living expenses for international students________ around $8，450 a year，which________a burden for some of them.A.are；is B.are；are C.is；are D.is；is【答案】A 考查主谓一致。第一空主语为living expenses，用复数谓语；第二空which指代整个主句引导定语从句做从句的主语，谓语应用单数。故选A。4.【江苏】Generally，students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others________ essential to their development.A.is B.are C.was D.were【答案】A 考查主谓一致。主语为motivation，故谓语为单数；根据语境及generally可知，描述的为一般情况，故使用一般现在时态，故选A。5.【湖南】All the scientific evidence________that increasing use of chemicals in farming________damaging our health.A.show；are B.shows；are C.show；is D.shows；is【答案】D 考查主谓一致。句意：所有的科学证据表明在农业生产中越来越多地使用化学物品对我们的健康有害。evidence为不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数；题干中的第二个空的主语应该是use，为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数，故选D。6.【陕西】The basketball coach，as well as his team，________interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.A.were B.was C.is D.are【答案】B 考查主谓一致。句意：比赛后不久，那位篮球教练和他的队员们因为他们的出色表现而受到了采访。根据句意可知事情已经发生，所以用过去时，排除C和D。主语后接as well as短语作插入语时，谓语动词形式不受其影响。这里的主语The basketball coach是单数，所以谓语动词应该用单数，故选B。7.【湖南】One-third of the country________covered with trees and the majority of the citizens________black people.A.is；are B.is；is C.are；are D.are；is【答案】A 考查主谓一致。句意：这个国家有三分之一的面积被森林覆盖，并且大多数公民是黑人。“分数词+of+名（代）词”作主语，谓语动词的单复数取决于该名（代）词的单复数，所以第一空用is；the majority of the citizens后的谓语动词用复数，所以第二个空用are。故选A。8.【江苏】The fact that so many people still smoke in public places________that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.A.suggest B.suggests C.suggested D.suggesting【答案】B 考查主谓一致。句意：仍然有很多人在公共场所吸烟，这样的事实表明我们或许需要一场全国性的运动来提高人们对吸烟的危害的认识。结合句意分析句子结构可知，the fact后that引导的是同位语从句，空格后的that从句则是谓语动词suggest的宾语从句；主语是the fact，故排除A、D两项；结合从句的时态可知主句要用现在时态，故选B。9.【安徽】The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials，the rest of which________ saved for other purposes.A.is B.are C.was D.were【答案】D 考查主谓一致。句意：该工厂使用了65%的原材料，其余的用作其他用途。非限制性定语从句中的主语the rest意为“其余的”，谓语动词应与of后的名词一致，而which指代先行词materials，故谓语用复数；定语从句中的谓语动词的时态应与主句中的谓语动词used一致，故用过去时态。从时态和主谓一致两方面考虑，故选D。10.【陕西】— Did you go to the show last night？— Yeah.Every boy and girl in the area________invited.A.were B.have been C.has been D.was【答案】D 句意：“昨晚你去看表演了？”“是的，这里的每个男孩和女孩都被邀请了。”主语前面有every，each等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。故选D。11.【陕西】As a result of the serious flood，two-thirds of the buildings in the area________.A.need repairing B.needs to repairC.needs repairing D.need to repair【答案】A 句意：这次严重的洪水造成的后果是该地方三分之二的房屋需要修缮。分数修饰名词时，其谓语动词的数取决于名词，而不是取决于分数。而need作为实义动词表示“需要”时，其基本用法是need doing=need to be done，意为“需要做某事或某事需要被做……”。故选A。12.【湖南】We live day by day，but in the great things，the time of days and weeks________ so small that a day is unimportant.A.is B.are C.has been D.have been【答案】A 句意：我们一天又一天生活着，相对于发生重大事件的日子而言，几天和几星期显得是那样微不足道，以至一天时间并不重要。the time of days and weeks作主语，其中心词是the time而不是days and weeks，因此其谓语动词取决于time。而C项时态与整句不符。故选A。13.【浙江】Professor James will give us a lecture on the western culture，but when and where________yet.A.hasn’t been decided B.haven’t decidedC.isn’t being decided D.aren’t decided【答案】A 考查主谓一致。句意：詹姆斯教授将给我们做一场关于西方文化的讲座，但是具体时间和地点还没有确定。when and where是when and where he will give us a lecture主语从句的省略，主语从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。故选A。14.【江西】A survey of the opinions of experts________that three hours of outdoor exercise a week________good for one’s health.A.show；are B.shows；is C.show；is D.shows；are【答案】B 考查主谓一致。句意：据一项专家调查讲，每周三小时的户外运动对健康有益。主句主语为a survey被of介词短语修饰，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，从句主语为exercise，作“锻炼”讲时，是不可数名词，谓语动词也用第三人称单数形式。故选B。15.【辽宁】The father as well as his three children________skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.A.is going B.go C.goes D.are going【答案】C 考查主谓一致。as well as连接并列主语时，谓语的数要与as well as前面的那一个保持一致，因此谓语动词用单数。故选C。16.【浙江】The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third________ used regularly.Now we have 60 working all day long.A.is B.are C.was D.were【答案】D 考查主谓一致。had为过去式，根据时态一致原则可排除A、B两项。主语是分数词，one-third是one-third of the computers的省略，故选D。17.【安徽】Most of what has been said about the Smiths________also true of the Johnsons.A.are B.is C.being D.to be【答案】B 考查主谓一致。句意：关于史密斯一家人所说的情况同样也适合于约翰逊一家。主语是most，谓语的数要与most连用的名词一致，故谓语用单数。故选B。18.【全国Ⅰ】— Have you heard the latest news？— No，what________？A.is it B.is there C.are they D.are those【答案】A 考查主谓一致。题意：“你听说过这条最新消息了吗？”“没有，什么消息？”the latest news属于不可数名词，应用代词it来指代，故用what is it来提问。故选A。