高中英语Unit 4 Adversity and Course学案
展开Section Ⅲ Using Language
自主学习·激发潜能
Ⅰ. 词汇拓展
1. rough /rʌf/adj. 汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的→ roughly /'rʌfli/adv. 大约；粗糙地；粗暴地
2. loyal /'lɔɪəl/adj. 忠诚的；忠实的→ loyalty /'lɔrəlti/n. 忠诚；忠实；忠心耿耿
3. navigator /'nævɪgeɪtə/n. 领航员；（飞机、船舶等上的）航行者→ navigate /'nævɪgeɪt/v. 导航
4. commitment /kə'mɪtmənt/n. 承诺；保证；奉献→ commit /kə'mɪt/vt. 承诺；保证vi. 忠于；全心全意投入→ committed /kə'mɪtɪd/adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的
5. motive /'məʊtɪv/n. 动机；原因；目的→ motivate /'məʊtɪveɪt/v. 激发；成为……的动机→ motivation / ˌməʊtɪˈveɪʃn/n. 动机；原因
Ⅱ. 情境词块
1.at times 有时
2.ahead of 在……之前
3.cheer up （使）变得高兴, 振奋起来
4.pretty well 相当好；几乎；差不多
5.由……组成 consist of
6.生火 make fire
7.放出（热、光、气味或气体） give off
Ⅲ. 情境佳句
1.
句型公式 | What if…如果……将会怎样？ |
教材原句 | What if they were delayed? 如果他们被耽搁了怎么办？ |
中文例句 | 假如没有人去过那里的话会怎么样？ |
句式仿写 | What if no one had been there? |
2.
句型公式 | way后接定语从句 |
教材原句 | As a chef, it was my duty to cook, so I tried to vary the meals in whatever way I could. 作为厨师, 我的职责就是做饭，所以我得竭尽所能改变花样。 |
中文例句 | 他解释那个问题的方法很简单。 |
句式仿写 | The way that/in which he explained the question was quite simple. |
激发思维·全程指导
背景导学
本栏目的活动主题是写一篇关于人物的文章，是依据 “Listening and Speaking”的交际功能，使语言的“听、说、读、写”能力进一步得到落实。通过人物简介及经历，学习他们在面对困境时所表现出来的坚忍不拔的毅力和永不言败的精神。
文本改写
教材原文 THE REWARD FOR PERSEVERANCE We watched as Shackleton and the boat sailed away from Elephant Island. It was easy to imagine the danger ahead of them. Would they ever return to find us? What might happen to them? What if they were delayed? We felt so alone and desperate. But it was not for long. There was nothing like a good dinner and some music to cheer us up. Life fell into a regular pattern. Staying alive took all our time and energy. For example, we needed water, and Elephant Island had none. We found that we could melt ice from the ocean and drink the water from it. But how could we make fire? There were no trees growing on Antarctica and no oil, so the only fuel we could use was animal fat. This gave off oily, black smoke, but it stayed burning even in strong winds. Food was also a problem, as we did not find any vegetables or fruit on the island. One of our group members, Lionel Greenstreet, noted in his diary about how bored he was with the meals: “The food now is pretty well all meat of sea creatures.” If it weren’t for sea animals, we would all starve. As a chef, it was my duty to cook, so I tried to vary the meals in whatever way I could. But it was difficult. We had to be careful not to go outside too often, as the changing temperatures could make us ill. It was almost as dangerous to become too hot from wearing too many clothes as to become too cold from wearing too few. The sweat could freeze very quickly. Many of us also became ill from the black smoke of the animal fat we burnt for our fires. It damaged our eyes and burnt our lungs. The twenty-two of us lived like this in the cold for four months. Our discipline and team spirit kept us optimistic and helped us deal with our fears in a positive and successful way. We also celebrated our birthdays, festivals, and even the times when we caught a sea animal. This was an episode in my life that I would never forget. When we were finally rescued, we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears. We were at last free to go home to warm beds, good food, and the care of our family and friends. Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive. And he paid us back by his commitment to save us from a slow but painful death. | 教材译文 毅力的奖赏 我们看着沙克尔顿驾船驶离象岛，不难想象他们将要面临的危险境地。他们还会回来找我们吗？他们会遇到什么？如果他们被耽搁了怎么办？我们感到非常孤独和绝望，但这种情绪并没持续多久，没有什么比一顿好饭和一些音乐更能让我们振作起来了。 生活陷入常规的循环往复，光是活下去就耗费了我们所有的时间和精力。比如，我们需要水, 可是象岛上没有。我们发现我们可以融化海洋中的冰来获得饮用水。可是我们怎么生火呢？南极洲没有树木生长，也没有石油，因此我们唯一可用的燃料是动物脂肪。它燃烧时会散发出油腻的黑烟，但任是强风也无法将其吹灭。 食物也是个问题，因为我们在岛上找不到任何蔬菜或水果。团队中的一名成员莱昂内尔·格林斯特里特在日记里记录了他对这些食物的厌倦：“现在的食物基本都是海洋动物的肉。”要不是这些海洋动物，我们都得挨饿。作为厨师，我的职责就是做饭，所以我得竭尽所能改变花样，可是真的很难。 我们必须小心些，不要经常外出，因为变化的温度会让我们生病。因为穿太多衣服而变得太热和因为穿得太少而变得太冷几乎是同样危险的。汗水很快就会结冰。我们中的许多人也因为燃烧动物脂肪产生的黑烟而生病。它损伤了我们的眼睛，灼伤了我们的肺。 我们22个人就这样在寒冷中生活了4个月。我们的纪律和团队精神使我们保持乐观，帮助我们用积极和成功的方式应对恐惧。我们也会庆祝我们的生日和节日，甚至庆祝抓获海洋动物的时刻。这是我人生中一段永生难忘的经历。 当我们最终获救时，我们如释重负，喜极而泣。我们终于可以回家了，回归温暖的床（享受）美味的食物，以及家人和朋友的关心。我们的乐观和对沙克尔顿的信任帮我们坚持活了下来。他也兑现了他的承诺，将我们从缓慢而痛苦的死亡中拯救了出来。 |
将本文与课文（P38）结合起来，讲述沙克尔顿和他的船员们在“坚忍”号上发生的故事。
【审题谋篇】
【词汇储备】
1.顺利的；平稳的 smooth
2.被压碎 get crushed
3.弃船 abandon the ship
4.挣扎求生 struggle to survive
5.寻求帮助 seek help
6.纪律 discipline
7.团队精神 team spirit
8.设法做成某事 manage to do
9.渡过难关 pull through
【句型运用】
1.沙克尔顿和他的伙伴们决定乘坐“坚忍”号去南极探险。
Shackleton and his men decided to go on an expedition to the Antarctica on the ship Endurance .
2.然而，他们的旅程并不顺利。当他们接近南极时，“坚忍”号被冰压碎了。
However, the journey was not smooth and the ship got crushed by the ice as they approached Antarctica.
3.因此，沙克尔顿不得不作出弃船的决定。
Therefore, Shackleton had no choice but to make the decision to abandon the ship.
4.船员们艰难求生，但象岛的条件却每况愈下。因此，沙克尔顿离开去寻求帮助。
The crew struggled to survive but things on Elephant Island were going from bad to worse, so Shackleton left to seek help.
5.为了生存，他们融化冰来获得饮用水，用动物脂肪来生火。
To stay alive, they melted ice to drink and made fire by burning animal fat.
6.燃烧动物脂肪产生的烟雾损害了他们的身体健康。
The smoke from burning the animal fat damaged their health.
7.尽管生活很艰难，船员们还是凭借纪律和团队精神渡过了难关。
Though life was extremely hard, the crew managed to pull through the tough conditions with their discipline and team spirit.
【句式升级】
1.用with 的复合结构升级第4句。
The crew struggled to survive but with things on Elephant Island going from bad to worse, Shackleton left to seek help.
2.用定语从句合并第5、6句。
To stay alive, they melted ice to drink and made fire by burning animal fat, the smoke from which damaged their health.
【串句成文】
1.将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。
Shackleton and his men decided to go on an expedition to the Antarctica on the ship Endurance. However, the journey was not smooth and the ship got crushed by the ice as they approached Antarctica. Therefore, Shackleton had no choice but to make the decision to abandon the ship. The crew struggled to survive but with things on Elephant Island going from bad to worse, Shackleton left to seek help.
To stay alive, they melted ice to drink and made fire by burning animal fat, the smoke from which damaged their health. Though life was extremely hard, the crew managed to pull through the tough conditions with their discipline and team spirit.
实战演练
1.
根据以下提示写一篇关于居里夫人的短文：
1. 居里夫人(Madame Curie)于1867年11月7日出生在波兰一个教师家庭，她是世界上最伟大的物理学家之一；
2. 她从小就对物理非常感兴趣，但因当时在波兰，妇女不能上大学，她决定去巴黎上大学。在这期间，她生活很苦，但学习非常努力，顺利获得物理学学位；
3. 她是镭研究所 (the Radium Institute) 的创始人, 放射性元素钋(Po)、镭(Ra)的发现者，被称为“镭的母亲”；
4.1903年和丈夫共同获得诺贝尔物理学奖，1911年获得诺贝尔化学奖。
注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
解析：写作指导
体裁 | 记叙文——描写居里夫人 |
时态 | 一般过去时；一般现在时 |
人称 | 第三人称 |
要点 | 1. 居里夫人的基本情况介绍（出生日期、小时候的经历）；2. 居里夫人所从事的研究；3. 居里夫人所取得的成就。 |
答案：高分范文
Born into a teacher’s family on November 7, 1867, in Poland, Madame Curie is one of the greatest physicists.
When she was young, she became interested in physics. At that time women were not admitted into universities in Poland, so she was determined to go to university in Paris, during which time she led a very poor life. However, she worked very hard and succeeded in getting a degree in physics.
Madame Curie devoted all her life to her research. She was not only the founder of the Radium Institute, but also the discoverer of two kinds of radioactive elements-polonium and radium. She was regarded as the mother of Ra. In 1903, she and her husband were given the Nobel Prize in Physics. She received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911. So she became the first scientist in the world to win two Nobel Prizes.
Madame Curie sets a good example for us, so all the people show great respect for her.
新知清障·素养构建
核心词汇
1. give off 放出（热、光、气味或气体）
This gave off oily, black smoke, but it stayed burning even in strong winds. 它燃烧时会散发出油腻的黑烟, 但任是强风也无法将其吹灭。（教材P44）
典例翻译
①The video of Chinese students giving away face masks in Tokyo in order to protect people from COVID-19 touched the hearts of billions of people.
中国学生在东京发放口罩以保护人们免受新型冠状病毒肺炎的视频触动了亿万人的心。
②My money was beginning to give out and there were no jobs to be found.
我的钱快用光了, 工作也没找到。
③The Coast Guard had given up all hope of finding the two divers alive.
海岸警卫队已经放弃了两名潜水员生还的全部希望。
④With the development of science and technology, old equipment has to give way to new inventions.
随着科学技术的发展, 旧设备不得不让位于新的发明。
⑤The police have shown no signs of giving in to the kidnappers’ demands.
警察对绑架者的要求没有丝毫让步的迹象。
归纳拓展
（1）放弃 give up
（2）赠送; 分发; 泄露 give away
（3）用完; 用尽; 分发 give out
（4）给……让路; 向……让步 give way to
（5）屈服; 让步; 投降 give in （to）
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①At first Robert wouldn’t let his daughter go diving, but eventually he gave in as she was so confident about her skills.
②Body language can give away a lot about your mood, so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.
（2）完成句子
③他们站在那里, 向路人分发传单。
They stood there, giving out leaflets to passers-by.
2. commitment n. 承诺; 保证; 奉献
And he paid us back by his commitment to save us from a slow but painful death. 他也兑现了他的承诺, 将我们从缓慢而痛苦的死亡中拯救了出来。（教材P45）
典例翻译
①Once you make a commitment, you will have to keep your promise.
你一旦作出承诺, 就必须信守诺言。
②Generally speaking, women commit fewer crimes than men.
一般来说, 女性犯罪比男性少。
③He was committedto continuing down the path of economic reform.
他承诺会继续在经济改革的道路上走下去。
④A lot of money has been committed to this project.
这个项目已经投入了很多钱。
⑤The group of people are committed socialists.
这群人是坚定的社会主义者。
归纳拓展
（1）作出承诺 make a commitment
（2）v.犯（罪行或错误）; 承诺; 作出决定; 全心全意投入 commit
承诺/保证（做）某事 commit sb./oneself to （doing） sth.
对……投入…… commit…to…
（3）adj. 坚定的; 尽心尽力的 committed
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①Since last year, he has committed himself to raising （raise） money for people with disabilities.
②China remains firm in its commitment （commit） to strengthening friendship and cooperation with other countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence.
（2）完成句子
③他承诺会按时交房租。
He made a commitment to pay the rent on time.
重点句型
1. There is/was nothing like... 没有什么比……更……
There was nothing like a good dinner and some music to cheer us up. 没有什么比一顿好饭和一些音乐更能让我们振作起来了。（教材P44）
典例翻译
①There is nothing better than the smiling face of you.
没有什么比你的笑脸更好的了。
②He said that he had nothing to do with the decision.
他说他和那个决定毫不相干。
③Two entirely separate islands or worlds might have different languages, and most likely havenothing in common.
两个完全独立的岛屿或世界, 可能有不同的语言, 而且很可能没有什么共同之处。
④She has had nothing but bad luck.
她净倒霉了。
归纳拓展
（1）There is/was nothing+比较级+than…没有什么比……更……
（2）和……没有关系 have nothing to do with
没有什么共同之处 have nothing in common
（3）只有; 只是 nothing but
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①Perhaps nobody thinks personality has nothing to do with one’s career.
②My colour television set has given me nothing but a headache.
（2）单句写作
③爬了一天山以后, 没什么比得上好好泡个热水澡了。
There is nothing better than a long soak in a hot bath after a day’s climbing.
2. such…that…如此……以至于……
When we were finally rescued, we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears. 当我们最终获救时, 我们如释重负, 喜极而泣。（教材P45）
典例翻译
①It was such a popular book that nearly everybody had one. = It was so popular a book that nearly everybody had one.
这本书如此受欢迎以至于几乎每个人都有一本。
②They are such fine teachers that we all have great respect for them.
他们是非常好的老师, 我们都对他们非常尊敬。
③Susan made such rapid progress that before long she began to write articles in Chinese for a newspaper.
苏珊进步如此迅速, 以至于她很快就开始用汉语为一家报社写文章了。
④Everything happened so quickly that I didn’t have time to think.
一切发生得如此之快以至于我来不及去思考。
⑤He has so many books that I can’t count them.
他有很多书, 我数也数不清。
⑥Such a difficult problem is it that I can’t solve it.
这个问题是如此之难以至于我解决不了。
归纳拓展
（1）such…that…常用于以下三个结构：
such+a（n）+adj.+ 可数名词单数 +that…
such+adj.+可数名词复数+that…
such+adj.+ 不可数名词 +that…
（2）so…that…常用于以下四个结构: so+adj./adv.+that…
so+adj.+a（n）+可数名词单数+that…
so+many/few+ 可数名词复数 +that…
so+ much/little +不可数名词+that…
（3）在so/such…that…结构中, 当so/such…置于句首时, 主句要用部分倒装结构。
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①（2019课标全国Ⅲ）On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take to get there.
②It was such a serious accident that he was kept in hospital for a month.
（2）句型转换
③The kids have done so well that they deserve our praise and thanks. （倒装句）
→ So well have the kids done that they deserve our praise and thanks.
素养达标·迁移创新
Ⅰ. 语境填词
根据语境和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。
1.One of the funniest episodes （片段） in the book occurs in Chapter 6.
2.There seemed to be no motive （动机） for the murder.
3.He had studied new modern Confucianism （儒家学说） all through his life and made great contributions to its development.
4.A career as an actor requires one hundred per cent commitment （投入）.
5.Somewhere out there was a desperate （绝望的） man, cold, hungry, hunted（惊恐万分的）.
6.The school has a reputation for high standards of discipline （纪律）.
7.We were struggling to get better wages （工资）.
8.We may now look forward with optimism （乐观）.
Ⅱ. 语境选词
根据语境用方框内短语的正确形式填空。
ahead of; cheer…up; make fire; give off; consist of; pretty well; pay back; save…from; at times; sign up for
1.The boy tried to cheer his friend up with funny stories.
2.When I was young, I saw people use branches to make fire .
3.It is the custom for guests to come ahead of time instead of on time in some countries.
4.He burst into tears, begging her to forgive him and swearing to pay back everything that he had stolen.
5.After working day and night for weeks, the work is pretty well finished.
6.Finn and his friend Tom Sawyer made a plan to save Jim from the farm.
7.This bottle of milk must be bad, for it is giving off a bad smell.
8.Please complete the form below to sign up for the two-week summer camp.
9.Their diet consists largely of vegetables.
10.Life is hard at times .
Ⅲ. 课文语法填空
1. Shackleton’s departure to find help let the crew feel down and even a little desperate, but soon 1. the banjo worked to cheer them up. They took advantage of 2. whatever/what they could find in order to stay alive. There 3. being （be） no water in the 4. extremely （extreme） cold weather, the crew melted ice from the ocean for daily use. Without any fuel, they burned animal fat to make fire though the oily, black smoke caused damage to their eyes and burned their 5. lungs （lung）. No vegetables or fruit could be found on the island, and they managed to feed 6. on sea animals. Young Perce, now a competent chef and teammate, 7. tried （try） his best to vary the meals in whatever way he could.
Another challenge lying ahead of them is to stay 8. healthy （health）, because a slight cold or fever might become a disaster on Antarctica. Because of the changing temperatures, they took care of themselves neither 9. to become （become） too hot from wearing too many clothes nor to become too cold from wearing too few.
Their discipline, perseverance and team spirit carried them through. It was four months 10. before they were finally rescued.
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