高中英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第四册 Unit 3 词汇讲解 习题

M7  U3 词汇讲解+练习

Part 1 单词拓展

1. superior n. 上级,上司 adj. 更好的,更高的

拓展：

superior n. 上级,上司 adj. 更好的,更高的→【反】inferior n. 不如别人的人; 级别(或地位)低的人 adj. 较差的;次的; 级别低的;较低的→【联】senior adj. 年长的；地位高的；高年级的  n. 年长者；高年级学生→【反】junior adj. 年少的；地位低的 n. 年少者；地位低者

【温馨贴士】

superior, inferior, senior, junior这四个词均无比较等级,如表示比较,用介词to。

【即时训练】

I. 单句语法填空

1. (2016浙江卷) In other words, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even __________ (superior).

2. People love spreading information and sharing opinions not because they think their thoughts are superior __________ others’. 

3. They finally lost the game, because their opponents are superior __________ strength. 

【参考答案】 1. superiority 2.to　3. in

II. 同义句转换

My brother is three years older than I.

My brother __________ __________ __________ me by three years. 

【参考答案】 is senior to

2. prejudice n. 偏见,成见; vt. 使怀有(或形成)偏见

拓展：

prejudice n. 偏见,成见; vt. 使怀有(或形成)偏见→prejudiced adj. 有偏见的,有成见的;偏颇的,偏心的

3.consult vt. 咨询;请教

拓展：

consult vt. 咨询;请教→consultant n. 顾问;高级医生或专家→【同】enquire/ inquire v. 咨询

3. respective adj.各自的

拓展：

*respect n. & vt. 尊敬,敬重→respectful adj. 表示敬意的，尊敬的→respectable adj. 值得尊敬的;体面的;得体的→respectively adv. 分别地,各自地

4. operate v. 操作

拓展：

operator n. 操作人员→operate v. 操作；动手术→operation n. 操作；手术

5. hire 聘用

拓展：

hire vt. 聘用，雇佣；租用，租借→【同】employ v. 雇佣；使用→【反】fire v. 解雇

6. leadership 领导应有的品质

拓展：

lead to 导致

【原文再现】(P22L28) However, the Norman Conquest did not affect English as much as the Angles and the Saxons’ victory about 600 years earlier, which led to Old English replacing Celtic.

然而,诺曼征服对英语的影响远不及约六百年前盎格鲁人和撒克逊人的胜利对英语产生的影响大,那场胜利导致古英语代替了凯尔特语。

【温馨贴士】表示“导致”的短语还有:result in; bring about; give rise to; contribute to

【即时训练】

I.语境串词

With him 　　　　(带路), we got there without any difficulty. But for him, we would have been lost, which would 　　　　(导致) serious consequences. 

II．用所给词的恰当形式填空

（1）Look over there—there is a very long, winding path 　　　　(lead) up to the house. 

（2）The convenience even leads fewer people 　　　　(take) public transport. 

（3）The discovery of new evidence led to the thief‘s 　　　　(catch). 

（4）（2019年全国卷I）It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy　　　　(adjust), high status has just the opposite effect on us.

【参考答案】 I. leading the way; lead to  II.(1) leading　(2) to take

7. commercial  adj.商业的

拓展：

commercial adj. 商业的,贸易的→commerce n. 商业；贸易

8. qualification n. 资格,资历

拓展：

qualification n. 资格,资历→qualify v. 取得资格→qualified adj. 有资格的,合格的→【联】quantity n. 数量

9. applicant n. 申请人

拓展：

apply vi. 申请; vt. 使用,应用

【原文再现】(P58L15)In 1998, he applied to be a member of Project 921, which is now called Shenzhou. 1998年他申请成为“921”计划(现名“神舟”计划)的成员。

【即时训练】

I. 语境串词

Interested in this subject, he __________ to join the research team. Unfortunately, though the promised he would __________ himself to this research, his __________ was rejected, as there was another __________ who was more qualified for the research. (apply)

【参考答案】applied; apply; application; applicant

II. 单句语法填空

1. (2019上海卷) The Online registration feature does not apply __________ evaluation registration.

2. (2019全国卷I) You could apply __________ (be) a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.

3. (2019天津卷) However, technology is also the __________ (apply) of scientific knowledge to solve a problem，touching lives in countless ways.

4. (2018浙江卷11月) it can also be pricey if the schools you are __________ (apply) to happen to be more than a car ride away.

5. (朗文当代高级英语词典) He was one of 30 __________ (apply) for the manager’s job.

【参考答案】 1. to 　2. to be　3. application　4. applying　5. applicants

10. delay v. 延长

拓展：

*delay v.（使）推迟,延迟n.延误,延迟→【同】postpone v.（使）推迟,延迟

delay vt. & vi. (使)推迟,延迟 n. 延误,延迟

【原文再现】(P2L14)Regular colour TV broadcasts were delayed in the UK until 1967.

在英国,定期的彩色电视节目的播出一直延迟至1967年。

【即时训练】

完成句子

（1）（2019年天津卷）我立刻打电话向她道谢。

　　　　　　, I called to thank her.

（2）（2019年3月天津卷）通过延缓心理和生理功能问题的发展，人们在老年仍然可以参与社会活动。

By 　　　　　　　　　　　　mental and physical functioning problems, people can still be engaged in society in their senior years.  

【参考答案】（1）Without delay　（2）delaying the development of

11. relevant

拓展：

relate vt. & vi. 联系,把……联系起来;叙述,讲述→relation n. 联系;关系→related adj.有关系的,有关联的

12. seize  vt. 抓住

seize vt. 逮捕;捉拿;抓住;捉住;夺取;攻占

【即时训练】

【温馨贴士】

grasp指用手、牙或爪去抓住或咬住,引申为具有充分理解那些由于自身或外界的原因而存在或产生的事物的能力。

seize通常指突然有力地抓住某物,seize还可以表示“(疾病)侵袭;(情绪)支配”。

【即时训练】

Ⅰ. 语境串词

经过一场激烈的战斗，将军夺取了这个王国的控制权。国王抓住机会想要逃跑。在他还没来得及逃跑,就被抓住了衣领。一阵恐惧感突然袭来。

    After a fierce battle, the general ____________________ the kingdom. The king _________________ escape. Before he could run away, he 　　　　　　　　the collar. He was suddenly 　　　　　　　　a feeling of fear. 

【参考答案】 seized control of;  seized the opportunity/chance to; was seized by; seized by/with

II.写出下列句中画线部分的中文意义

(1) (2019年天津卷) I was ready to pay for my bananas at the grocery one night，when fear seized me.              　　　　 

(2) You are supposed to seize the opportunity and welcome the challenge.  　　　　 

(3) They seized the land and distributed it to the peasants.  　　　　 

【参考答案】 (1) 侵袭；突然感到　(2) 抓住机会　(3) 夺取/占领了土地