2021届高考英语“典题”专项训练（二十）

2021高考英语“典题”专项训练（二十）

text 1

After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.

Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.

The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations—major food sources(来源)for the wolf—grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation(植被),which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park's red foxes, and completely drove away the park's beavers.

As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.

The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.

1.What is the text mainly about?

A.Wildlife research in the United States.

B.Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area.

C.The conflict between farmers and gray wolves.

D.The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.

2.What does the underlined word“displaced”in paragraph 2 mean?　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

A.Tested.      B.Separated.       C.Forced out.              D.Tracked down.

3.What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about?

A.Damage to local ecology.

B.A decline in the park's income.

C.Preservation of vegetation.

D.An increase in the variety of animals.

text 2

These days, many people are concerned about plastic waste; however, the convenience and cost of plastic food packaging are hard to beat. But now, a growing number of inventors are trying to make edible (可食用的) packaging and tableware from foods like seaweed, milk proteins and potato starch, according to an article in Chemical & Engineering News, the weekly newsmagazine of the American Chemical Society.

Edible films, wrappers and straws have already found a specialty market and are starting to attract attention from larger food and beverage companies, according to freelance contributor Prachi Patel. At the 2019 London Marathon, the start-up company Notpla handed out sports drink, packaged in seaweed-based capsules, to thirsty runners. Although the packaging is safe to swallow, runners can choose to spit out the film. In that case, it breaks down in only 4-6 weeks. The New York-based company Loliware is making seaweed-based straws that feel like plastic for 24 hours after getting wet. Once used, they can be eaten, or they will break down in the environment within 2 months. Marriott Hotels and alcoholic-beverage firm Pernod Ricard have already started using the straws.

Although edible packaging is gaining ground, challenges remain. Some worry about the hygiene (卫生) of eating packaging that has been touched or exposed to germs during transport or while sitting on the shelf. Experts agree that edible packaging will require an outer layer, but these materials could also be made from sustainable materials, such as paper. Another obstacle is public acceptance: will people eat something that is usually thrown away? Consumers could perhaps be convinced if the packaging includes nutrients, such as vitamins or proteins, or just tastes good. And finally, improvements in heat and moisture stability need to be made before edible packaging can enjoy widespread use.

4．What does the author intend to tell us in paragraph 1?

A．Plastic is convenient and cheap.                     

B．People are concerned about plastic.

C．Seaweed can be widely used as wrappers.             

D．New food packaging is catching more attention.

5．Which of the following can best describe Notpla?

A．It is a computer company. B．It produces edible straws.

C．It is run by Prachi Patel. D．It’s a newly founded company.

6．What is implied in the third paragraph?

A．Edible packaging may cause more pollution.        

B．It takes time for edible packaging to be popular.

C．No one but experts support edible packaging.        

D．Edible packaging will certainly replace plastic.

7．What can be the best title of this text?

A．Edible Food Packaging B．Environmental Issues

C．Brand New Inventions D．The Food of the Future

text 3

Celiac disease is relatively common. In fact, according to the Celiac Disease Foundation, the autoimmune disorder affects 1 in 100 people worldwide. However, while it is manageable 一 those living with celiac disease are simply advised to change their diet and to avoid gluten（薮质食品）一if and when those living with the condition do eat gluten, it causes an immune（免疫）response in the body. According to research published in the journal BMC Biotechnology , a new drug may offer much-needed relief to those living with the condition.

The medical product 9 which has yet to be named, is being developed at Vienna University of Technology in cooperation with Sciotec Diagnostic Technologies GmbH. And while other celiac medicine seek to change one's immune system to make it less sensitive, this drug will fundamentally “turn off" the irritant （朿［|激物）. According to a press release, the product will w directly attack gluten molecules to make them harmless".

Professor Oliver Spadiut, head of the Integrated Bioprocess Development Research Group at TU Wien, explained the process in a statement. "Our bodies produce antibodies precisely, like a key to a lock. This immune response makes those antigens harmless," Of course, the process sounds simpler than it is.

“The formation of such proteins in a bacterium is a highly complex process,w Spadiut explained. "You have to precisely understand the chemical processes included and participate in a complex way. w

Still, researchers are hopeful. In fact Spadiut said he is confident in the product's development process and results. "We have now developed a process that can be easily reproduced, can be scaled up to industrial application and delivers a very good production o£ the desired product."

As such, researchers believe the product will be available as early as 2021.

8.What may cause celiac disease?

A. Immune disorder.B. Diet variety.

C. Living conditions.D. Lack of exercise.

9.Why is the new drug effective?

A.It makes the irritant do no harm.

B.It changes one's immune system.

C.It attacks one's immune system.

D.It makes the immune system powerful.

10.How does Oliver Spadiut explain the work of the new drug?

A.By comparing it with our bodies.

B.By describing its chemical process.

C.By explaining an ordinary bacterium.

D.By commenting on the research group.

11.What's Oliver Spadiut's attitude toward the development of the new drug?

A. Uncaring.       B.Doubtful         C. Uncertain.     D. Optimistic.

text 4

An experimental cleanup device called RemoveDebris has successfully cast a net around a dummy（仿造 的）satellite, simulating（模拟）a technique that could one day collect spaceborne garbage.

The test, which was carried out this week, is widely believed to be the first successful demonstration of space cleanup technology, experts told CNN. And it signals an early step toward dealing with what is already a key problem： rubbish in space.

Millions of pieces o£ junk are turning around in orbit, the result o£ 50 years of space travel and few regulations to keep space clean. At orbital speeds, even a small bit of paint crashing with a satellite can cause serious damage.

Various companies have plans to send thousands of new satellites into low-Earth orbit, already the most crowded area.

The RemoveDebris experiment is run by a company and researchers led by the UK's Surrey Space Centre and includes Airbus, Airbus-owned Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd. and France's Ariane Group.

Guglielmo Aglietti, the director of Surrey Space Centre, said that an operational version of the RemoveDebris technology would cast out a net that remains fastened to the main satellite so the debris can be dragged out of orbit. It could target large pieces of junk, including dead satellites up to 10 meters long.

The RemoveDebris satellite will conduct a few more experiments in the coming months, including testing navigation systems that could help guide the satellite to a specific piece of debris. Jonathan McDowell 5 an astrophysicist at the Harvard-Smithsonian Centre for Astrophysics, said the success of this week's experiment was exciting, but he cautioned against "over-publicizing" it. There are still big barriers to clear before operational cleanup tasks will be underway9 he said? and the biggest challenge is figuring out how to fund such projects.

Aglietti, the Surrey professor who helped lead the RemoveDebris project, said "the challenge will be to convince the relevant authorities to sponsor these tasksAglietti said he hopes RemoveDebris will conduct a few cleanup tasks per year, targeting the largest pieces of rubbish in the most crowded orbits. Aglietti is hopeful.

12.What attracts people to invent RemoveDebris?

A.Exploring space.

B.Testing an orbit.

C.Cleaning satellites.

D.Removing waste in space.

13.How does the RemoveDebris work?

A.It throws a net to take junk from orbit.

B.It fastens junk to the main satellite.

C.It targets large pieces of junk carefully.

D.It drags junk up to 10 meters long.

14.What do we know about RemoveDebris ?

A.It is successful in cleanup tasks.

B.It still needs to be broadcasted widely.

C.It should get some financial help from authorities.

D.It helps researchers to find a specific junk.

15.What's the best title of the text?

A.Space Garbage Causes Severe Damage

B.Researchers Advertise Waste Collecting Satellite

C.Authorities Sponsor RemoveDebris Project

D.Satellite First Time Collects Waste

text 5

If you've been told you're wleadership material", it may be due to the following principles. ____16____ , For example, you're looking to develop yourself as a leader or looking to hire people with the ability to change the workplace.

1.Connecting exceptionally well with people

Strong leaders connect with others by showing their humanity. ____17____. Then, when employees make mistakes, it's safe for them to say, “Boss, I messed up. ”

2.Involving various o£ people and making them feel psychologically safe

Good leaders aim to create a diverse environment of people with differing ways of doing things and

viewing the world. ____18____. They let people feel safe to exercise their creativity, communicate their ideas openly, and provide input to major decisions.

3.____19____.

Studies prove that organizations, sharing privileged information with their employees and letting everyone know what's going on at all times, reduce uncertainty and lessen stress about where they are headed and why.

4.Understanding human motivation and what drives people work

____20____ . They clearly know what inspires people to perform their jobs at a high level. They distribute work that is meaningful, has purpose and brings out employees5 enthusiasm and creativity.

A. Showing sympathy

B. Being open and sincere

C. If not, they are the standards to shoot for

D. They rid fear out of the room and allow for risks to be taken

E. They accept that they're not perfect and that they make mistakes

F. Experiencing positive feelings is at the root of human motivation

G. The best of leaders have a good understanding o£ human behavior

text 6

读后续写  阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。

My fiance(未婚夫) and I were excited about shopping for our first home. But our funds were limited, and none of the houses in our price range seemed satisfactory.

One agent recommended a house in particular. Although her description sounded wonderful, the price was beyond our range, so we declined(谢绝). But she kept urging us to have a look at last.

We finally did and it was love at first sight. It was our home, small and charming, overlooking a quiet lake. Walking through the rooms and talking with the owners, a nice elderly couple, we felt the warmth and happiness of the marriage within that home. As perfect as it was, the price remained too high for us. But every day, we would sit by the lake, looking at the house and dreaming of what it would be like to live there. Days later, we made an offer-far below the asking price. Surprisingly, they didn’t laugh at us. They renewed their offer instead. It was also much more than we could afford, but far less than the original asking price.

The next day, we got a disappointing message that another buyer had offered a much higher price. Even so, we decided to talk with the owners directly. We made our final offer, which still was thousands of dollars less than the other buyer’s bid(出价). We knew it, but we had to try. Nobody knew if we could get it.

注意:1. 所续写的短文的词数应为150词左右;

2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好;

Paragraph 1:

We went to the owner’s home after we made our final offer.

_____________________________________________________________________

Paragraph 2:

The owner looked at us and said, “

_____________________________________________________________________

参考答案：

1-3 DCA  4-7DDBA  8-11AABD  12-15DACD  16-20CEDBG

Paragrph1:

We went to the owner’s home after we made our final offer. The other potential buyer came with confidence. The owner smiled, saying, “Tell me the reason why you need this house. The one whose answer satisfies me will take the possession of it.”“For my business.” The buyer answered without any hesitation. After thinking for a while, I replied, “I can feel warmth and love of the marriage in the house, which I have been longing for.”

Paragraph2:

The owner looked at us and said, “I want to sell my house to you!” A surge of shock hit me. “Why? He offered a higher price than I could afford.” I asked, surprised. “I want to give it to those who can fill it with love instead of money.” We appreciated him and felt a sense of warmth, deeply moved. I realized that a sincere heart was more significant than money.