2021届高考核心考点十分钟基础题速练：　语法填空＋阅读理解

这是一份2021届高考核心考点十分钟基础题速练：　语法填空＋阅读理解，共3页。试卷主要包含了答案与解析等内容，欢迎下载使用。
班级:
Ⅰ.语法填空
What exactly are scial media? Scial media are defined as web­based, mbile media that can __1__ (use) t cnnect with each ther.
There are several types f scial media. The first type invlves peple getting tgether t wrk n a prject. Wikipedia (维基百科) is __2__ example f this type f scial media. There are ther types that allw peple __3__ (share) cntent such as pictures and articles. Anther type f scial media is websites like Secnd Life, __4__ peple can create bjects, as if they __5__ (be) in the real wrld. The final type is scial netwrking sites that can make peple stay in tuch with __6__ (friend)．
Scial media are different frm __7__ (traditin) media. In the past, media were created in ne place, __8__ (nrmal) a cmpany. Then the cmpany wuld send ut the media, like newspapers and magazines, t cnsumers. But __9__ scial media, many individuals in different lcatins can create cntent. In additin, a few minutes are spent __10__ (write) a twitter pst tday, while it wuld take many mnths t edit a magazine in the past.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
Mnkeys seem t have a way with numbers.
A team f researchers trained three Rhesus mnkeys t assciate 26 clearly different symbls cnsisting f numbers and selective letters with 0－25 drps f water r juice as a reward. The researchers then tested hw the mnkeys cmbined—r added—the symbls t get the reward.
Here's hw Harvard Medical Schl scientist Margaret Livingstne, wh led the team, described the experiment: In their cages the mnkeys were prvided with tuch screens. On ne part f the screen, a symbl wuld appear, and n the ther side tw symbls inside a circle were shwn. Fr example, the number 7 wuld flash n ne side f the screen and the ther end wuld have 9 and 8. If the mnkeys tuched the left side f the screen they wuld be rewarded with seven drps f water r juice; if they went fr the circle, they wuld be rewarded with the sum f the numbers—17 in this example.
After running hundreds f tests, the researchers nted that the mnkeys wuld g fr the higher values mre than half the time, indicating that they were perfrming a calculatin, nt just memrizing the value f each cmbinatin.
When the team examined the results f the experiment mre clsely, they nticed that the mnkeys tended t underestimate (低估) a sum cmpared with a single symbl when the tw were clse in value—smetimes chsing, fr example, a 13 ver the sum f 8 and 6. The underestimatin was systematic: When adding tw numbers, the mnkeys always paid attentin t the larger f the tw, and then added nly a fractin (小部分) f the smaller number t it.
“This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains，” Dr. Livingstne says. “But in this experiment what they're ding is paying mre attentin t the big number than the little ne.”
1．What did the researchers d t the mnkeys befre testing them?
A．They fed them. B．They named them.
C．They trained them. D．They measured them.
2．Hw did the mnkeys get their reward in the experiment?
A．By drawing a circle. B．By tuching a screen.
C．By watching vides. D．By mixing tw drinks.
3．What did Livingstne's team find abut the mnkeys?
A．They culd perfrm basic additin. B．They culd understand simple wrds.
C．They culd memrize numbers easily. D．They culd hld their attentin fr lng.
4．In which sectin f a newspaper may this text appear?
A．Entertainment. B．Health. C．Educatin. D．Science.
B
Public transprt is declining in the rich wrld. T thse wh have t squeeze nt the number 25 bus in Lndn, r the a train in New Yrk, the change might nt be nticeable. But public transprt is becming less busy in thse places, and passenger numbers are flat r falling in almst every American city. That is despite healthy grwth in urban ppulatins and emplyment.
Althugh transprt agencies blame their unppularity n things like radwrks and brken signals, it seems mre likely that they are being utcmpeted. App­based taxi services like Uber and Lyft are mre cmfrtable and cnvenient than trains r buses. Cycling is nicer than it was, and rental bikes are mre widely available. Cars are cheap t buy, thanks t cut－rate lans, and ever cheaper t run. Online shpping, hme wrking and ffice­sharing mean mre peple can avid travelling altgether.
The cmpetitin is nly likely t grw. Mre than ne labratry is develping new transprt technlgies and applicatins. Silicn Valley invented Uber and, mre recently, apps that let peple rent electric scters (滑板车) and then abandn them n the pavement. China created sharing­bicycles and battery­pwered “e­bikes”， bth f which are spreading.
Transprt agencies shuld accept the upstarts, and cpy them. Cities tend either t ignre app­based services r t try t push them ff the streets. That is understandable, given the rules­are­fr­lsers attitude f firms like Uber. But it is an errr.
It is dubtful that mst peple make hard distinctins between public and private transprt. They just want t get smewhere, and there is a cst in time, mney and cmfrt. An ideal system wuld let them mve acrss a city fr a single payment, transferring frm trains t taxis t bicycles as needed. Building a platfrm t allw that is hard, and requires much sweet­talking f traditinal netwrks as well as technlgy firms. It is prbably the secret t keeping cities mving.
5．What is the change in public transprt in big cities?
A．It is becming busier. B．It is getting less ppular.
C．There are fewer traffic delays. D．There is mre new transprt.
6．In the authr's pinin, the reasn fr the decline f public transprt is that ________.
A．there are radwrks and brken signals
B．peple are becming healthier and emplyed
C．cars and bikes are mre and mre available
D．transprt agencies are seemingly less cmpetitive
7．Hw des the authr develp his idea in Paragraph 3?
A.By giving examples B．By prviding research results
C.By stating arguments D．By cmparing different appraches
8．Accrding t the text, the key t keeping cities mving is ________.
A．t develp an ideal system that satisfies everyne
B．t build a platfrm that appeals t transprt agencies
C．t prvide peple with mre means f transprtatin
D．t cater fr bth traditinal netwrks and technlgy firms
答题策略
语法填空——名词
参考答案
Ⅰ.语法填空
1．答案与解析：be used 关系代词that指的是先行词mbile media，它与use之间存在被动关系；应用被动语态。有情态动词can，故填be used。
2．答案与解析：an 维基百科就是一个这种类型的社交媒体的范例。表示泛指“一个……的例子”，故用不定冠词修饰example。由于example是以元音音素开头的单词，故应填an。
3．答案与解析：t share allw sb. t d sth.“允许某人做某事”，为习惯用法，故填t share。
4．答案与解析：where 先行词websites表示一个抽象地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，定语从句应该用关系副词where引导。
5．答案与解析：were as if从句叙述的与现在事实相反，应使用虚拟语气，be动词一律用were。
6．答案与解析：friends 根据句意和常识可知，朋友有许多，故填其复数形式friends。
7．答案与解析：traditinal 修饰名词media作定语，应用其形容词形式traditinal。
8．答案与解析：nrmally a cmpany是一个省略结构，补全为media were created in a cmpany。此处需要所填词作状语，修饰“in a cmpany”，故填nrmally“通常地”。
9．答案与解析：fr 表示“对于……”，介词用fr。
10．答案与解析：writing 此处是一个固定句型：spend time (in) ding sth.文中使用了这个句型的被动形式，故填writing。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】 本文体裁为说明文。主题语境为人与自然，主题语境内容为自然科学研究成果。科学家对猴子进行测试后发现猴子有一定的数字计算能力。本文侧重培养学生的语言能力。
1．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。本题题干意为：研究人员在对猴子进行测试之前对它们做了什么？根据题干中的befre testing them以及第二段第二句中的The researchers then tested hw the mnkeys cmbined定位至第二段，再根据第一句中的A team f researchers trained three Rhesus mnkeys可知答案为C项。A：他们给它们喂食；B：他们给它们起名字；D：他们测量它们。
2．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。本题题干意为：在实验中，猴子们如何得到奖励？根据题干中的reward定位至第三段的后半部分。根据第三段最后一句If the mnkeys tuched the left side f the screen they wuld be rewarded with seven drps f water r juice...可知答案为B项。A：通过画一个圆圈；C：通过观看视频；D：通过将两种饮料混合。
3．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。本题题干意为：Livingstne的团队从对猴子的研究中发现了什么？根据第四段中the mnkeys wuld g fr the higher values mre than half the time，indicating that they were perfrming a calculatin可知，答案为A项(它们可以做基本的加法)。B：它们可以理解简单的文字；C：它们可以轻松地记住数字；D：它们可以长时间保持注意力。
4．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。本篇文章出现了研究人员(researchers)、实验(experiment)、实验结果(the results f the experiment)等关键词，向读者展示了自然科学研究成果，因此本篇文章在报纸中应放在科学版块，故答案为D项。A：娱乐；B：健康；C：教育。
B
5．答案与解析：B 根据文章第一句“Public transprt it declining in the rich wrld.”以及后边对这一现象的进一步评论可知，公共交通在发达城市正在被大众冷落。B项正确。
6．答案与解析：D 根据第二段中的“it seems mre likely that they are being utcmpeted”以及后边公共交通与出租车舒适性和便捷性方面的对比可知，公共交通被人冷落的原因是竞争性差。D项正确。
7．答案与解析：A 第三段第一句“The cmpetitin is nly likely t grw.”提出论点，后边举了Uber和中国的共享单车和电动车为例进行论述。因此，本段是举例来开展论述的。A项正确。
8．答案与解析：D 根据最后一段中的“Building a platfrm t allw that is hard, and requires much sweet­walking f traditinal netwrks as well as technlgy firms.”可知，结合适宜的传统路行网络和科技公司，迎合人们的需要才是推动城市交通的秘诀。D项正确。
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说明文
325词
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议论文
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名词题的解题步骤
例题
Chengdu has dzens f new millinaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new htels. But fr turists like me, pandas are its tp________ (attract)．
步骤
①
根据空白处所填词在句中的成分或作定语的限定词判断是否该填名词(多考查名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语，名词还可以作同位语、宾语补足语和状语)
②
结合句意确定选择何种名词形式
③
确定名词的数
答案
attractin 所填词在句中作表语，并且有物主代词its修饰，故应用其名词形式。结合句意，应填attractin