【寒假复习】Unit 4 Growing up 词句精讲精练
展开Unit 4 Growing up 词句精讲精练
词汇精讲
1. however
however是副词，意为“尽管如此，可是，仍然”，可以放在句首、句中或句尾，但要用逗号隔开。例如：
It’s raining hard. However, I think we should go to school on time. 雨下得很大，我仍然认为该准时上学。
She waited, however, for no answer. 然而她没有等来回答。
【拓展】however与but的辨析：
(1) 从语义上看，but所表示的是非常明显的对比，转折的意味比however强。
(2) 从语法上看，but是个并列连词，而however却是个副词。
(3) 从语序上看，but总是位于它所引出的分句之首，而however却可位于分句之首、之中或之尾，但在翻译成汉语时，一定要把它放在分句之首。
(4) 从标点上看，but之后一般不得使用逗号，但however位于分句之首时，通常用逗号；位于分句之中时，通常在其前、后各加一个逗号；位于分句之尾时，则必须在其前加逗号。例如：
We love peace, but we are not afraid of war. 我们热爱和平，但是我们并不害怕战争。
He hasn’t arrived. He may, however, come later. 他还没有到，不过，他可能过一会儿来。
You can phone the doctor. However, I doubt whether he will come out on a Saturday night.
你可以给医生打电话。不过，我怀疑他是否会在周六晚上出诊。
He said that it was so. He was mistaken, however. 他说事情是这样的，然而他错了。
2. while
(1) while 作连词，意为“当……时候”，引导时间状语从句，并且是主句和从句动作同时发生，从句中的动词必须是延续性动词或表状态，且常用进行时态。例如：
He came in while I was watching TV. 当我在看电视时，他进来了。
(2) while作连词，还可意为“而，然而”，强调动作的对比。例如：
I like tea while she likes coffee. 我爱喝茶，而她爱喝咖啡。
(3) while作名词，意为“一会儿，片刻”，常用于after a while中，表示“过了一会儿”。例如：
After a while, she came to herself. 过了一会儿，她苏醒过来了。
【拓展】while; when与as的辨析：
(1) while强调动作同时进行，从句常用进行时，其动词必须为延续性动词或表状态。例如：
Could you look after my dog while I’m away? 我离开时，你能照看我的狗吗？
(2) when既可指动作同时进行，也可指先后发生，从句中的动作既可是延续性动词，也可是非延续性动词。若是同时发生且为延续性动词，则可与while互换；若when作并列连词，表示“就在那时，这时候”则只能用when，并且when引导的从句只能放在后面。
试比较：
When the alien got out, the girl was shopping. = While the girl was shopping, the alien got out.
当外星人出来时，小女孩在购物。
We were watching TV when there was a knock at the door. 我们在看电视，这时有人敲门。
(3) as多指主句从句两动作同时发生，常翻译为“一边……一边……”。例如：
They talked as they walked. 他们边走边谈。
3. stand
stand作名词，意为“站台，看台”。例如：
The little girl watching the game in the stand is my sister.
正在站台上观看比赛的小女孩是我妹妹。
【拓展】
(1) stand作动词，意为“忍受”。例如：
I can’t stand the hot weather. 我忍受不了这种炎热的天气。
(2) stand作动词，还可意为“站，站立”。例如：
Don’t stand here. 不要站在这里。
4. leader
leader是可数名词，意为“领导者；领袖”，它是由动词lead + 后缀-er构成的名词。例如：
He is a born leader. 他是个天生的领袖。
【拓展】表示职业或身份的名词小结：
(1) 以-ist结尾的有：
pianist钢琴家 chemist化学家 violinist小提琴家
physicist物理学家 scientist科学家
(2) 以-er，-r或-or结尾的有：
teacher教师 painter画家 writer作家 singer歌唱家 visitor参观者
actor演员 engineer工程师 inventor发明家 professor教授 reporter记者
(3) 以-man结尾的有：
postman邮递员 policeman警察 businessman商人 spaceman宇航员
fisherman渔夫 dustman清洁工
(4) 以-ian结尾的有：
musician音乐家 politician政治家
5. decide
decide是动词，意为“决定，选定”。其主要用法有：
(1) decide sth. 例如：
I can’t decide anything at the moment. 现在我不能做出任何决定。
(2) decide to do sth. 例如：
We decide to go to Paris next month. 我们决定下个月去巴黎。
【拓展】
decide on…意为“由……决定；决定于……”。后面接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。例如：
I decided on going to Beijing at last. 最后我决定去北京了。
My mother decided on the red dress. 我妈妈决定买下那件红色的裙子
6. lead
lead作及物动词，意为“带路，领路，指引”，lead…to…意为“带领……去……”。例如：
The schoolmaster met us and led us round the campus. 校长接待了我们，并带我们在校园里转了转。
The road leads you to the station. 这条路指引你通往车站。
【拓展】
(1) lead sb. to do sth. 意为“致使/诱惑……”。例如：
What led you to think so? 什么使你这么想呢？
(2) lead to意为“（道路等）通往……；引起（结果等）”。例如：
All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。
The heavy rain led to a flood. 大雨导致洪水。
7. as a result
as a result为固定短语，意为“因此，结果”。例如：
He got up very late today. As a result, he missed the first bus.
他今天起晚了，结果没赶上第一班公交车。
【拓展】as a result与as a result of的辨析：
(1) as a result意为“因此，结果”，后面指事情的结果。例如：
He worked hard at his study. As a result, he passed the exam easily.
他在学习上很刻苦，结果他很容易地通过了考试。
(2) as a result of意为“由于”，后跟名词或代词，相当于because of。例如：
He was late as a result of the snow. 由于大雪，他迟到了。
8. join
join是动词，意为“参加，加入”。宾语有以下几种形式：
(1) join + 表示团体或组织的名词，join意为“加入（某团体），成为……（成员）”。例如：
Yao Ming joined the NBA. 姚明加入了NBA。
(2) join + 指人的名词或代词，join意为“加入……之中”。例如：
Will you join us for lunch? 和我们一起吃午饭好吗？
(3) join + in + 活动类名词，join in意为“参加（活动）。”例如：
Can you join in the game? 你能参加这个游戏吗？
【拓展】
join; join in和take part in 的辨析：
(1) join指加入某党派、某组织或某社会团体，以及参军等，并成为其中一员。
(2) join in指参加某项比赛或活动，常用于口语中，也可用于join sb in (doing) sth 意为“加入……（做）……”。
(3) take part in指参加群众性的活动、会议、劳动、游行等，往往指参加者持有积极的态度，起一定作用，有时与join in互换。例如：
I joined the army in 1996. 我是1996年参军的。
I didn’t take part in the sports meeting yesterday because I was ill. 我没有参加昨天的运动会，因为我病了。
May I join in the football match? 我可以参加这场足球比赛吗？
词汇精练
I. 英汉互译。
1. grow up ________________________ 2. 一……就……________________________
3. as a result ________________________ 4. 对……感兴趣________________________
5. take notice of ________________________ 6. 放弃________________________
7. be used as ________________________ 8. go jogging________________________
9. instead of ________________________ 10. take part in________________________
II. 根据句意及首字母和汉语提示写出所缺单词。
1. This famous scientist graduated from Oxford U____________ in 1950.
2. The newspaper are a good mirror of the ____________(时代).
3. He fought a____________ the disease for a long time.
4. To my ____________(惊奇), there are only seven bones in a giraffe’s neck.
5. They believe that their s____________ live on after death.
6. She set out to break the world ____________(纪录).
7. The dove is the symbol of p____________.
8. The ____________(死) of that boy’s grandfather made him quiet sad.
9. After graduation, I continued to devote myself to scientific r____________.
10. I want to be the ____________(领导者) of a company when I grow up.
III. 用方框内所给单词或短语的适当形式填空。
including; lose one’s life; because of; be written by; in one’s forties; die of; something unusual; in need; be ready to; care for; |
1. Nearly 60, 000, 000 people ______________________ during World War II.
2. About 7,500 people ______________________cancer in China every day.
3. This book ______________________ Lu Xun.
4. Many people lost their houses ______________________ the big fire.
5. Three students in Class Two were late for school this morning, ______________________ Sandy.
6. Did you find ______________________ last night?
7. We must help the people ______________________.
8. My father is ______________________.
9. Millie is a kind and helpful girl. She ______________________ help the students with difficulty.
10. Everyone should ______________________ the poor.
IV. 听力链接。
听对话，记录关键信息。对话你将听两遍。
请根据所听到的对话内容和提示词语，将所缺的关键信息填写在答题卡的相应位置上。
参考答案
I. 英汉互译。
1. 成长 2. as soon as 3. 结果，因此 4. be interested in 5. 注意，察觉 6. give up
7. 被用作 8. 慢跑 9. 代替 10. 参加
II. 根据句意及首字母和汉语提示写出所缺单词。
1. University 2. time 3. against 4. surprise 5. spirit
6. record 7. peace 8. death 9. research 10. leader
III. 用方框内所给单词或短语的适当形式填空。
1. lost their lives 2. die of 3. was written by 4. because of 5. including 6. anything unusual
7. in need 8. in his forties 9. is ready to 10. care for
IV. 听力链接。
答案：
1. Sunday 2. 7 3. Bluesky 4. free 5. bus
原文：
W: Excuse me. Can you give me some information about the festival?
M: The Summer Nights Festival in the first week of July?
W: That’s right. Which day of the week is it on?
M: On Sunday of the first week.
W: OK, thanks. What time does it begin?
M: It starts at 7:00 pm and ends at about 11:00at night.
W: And which band will play this year?
M: A new band called Bluesky. You spell that B-L-U-E-S-K-Y.
W: I’ve never heard of it.
M: Well, their music sounds fantastic! You’ll see on that day.
W: Good! And it’s said that a lot of special festival T-shirts will be offered. Is that right?
M: Yes. They look really great.
W: How much are they?
M: You can get a T-shirt for free after you buy a ticket. We’re also selling festival flags this year.
W: OK. And what’s the best way to get there? By car?
M: No, coming by bus is better. I can email you some more information if you want.
W: That’s very kind of you.
句式精讲
1. Growing up is hard!
(1) grow up为固定短语，意为“成长，长大”。例如：
I grew up in Chicago. 我在芝加哥长大。
I want to be a teacher when I grow up. 我长大后想成为一名教师。
(2) 本句为动名词短语growing up作主语的句子。例如：
Learning English well isn’t difficult. 学好英语并不难。
Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. 看太多电视对你的眼睛有害。
2. Books allow me to learn about people in different times and places, and I can read them whenever I want to.
allow是动词，意为“允许，准许”，常用于allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事；allow doing sth.“允许做……”。例如：
My parents don’t allow me to smoke. 我的父母不允许我抽烟。
We don’t allow eating in the classrooms. (我们)不允许在教室吃饭。
Her boss doesn’t allow her to use the telephone. 她的老板不允许她使用电话。
3. Don’t wake me up until you finish building it.
(1) until既可作介词又可作连词。作介词时，后接表示时间的名词或数词；作连词时，后接表示时间的状语从句。例如：
He waited until 12:00. 他一直等到12点钟。
He didn’t go to bed until his father came back. 直到他爸爸回来，他才上床睡觉。
(2) until既可用于肯定句，也可用于否定句，但二者所表达的时间界限不同。用于肯定句，表示动作一直持续到until后的时刻；用于否定句，构成….not…until的固定搭配，意为“直到……才……”表示动作从until后的时刻开始。例如：
I did my homework until my mother came back from work. 我一直做作业直到妈妈下班回家。
I didn’t do my homework until my mother came back from work.
直到妈妈下班回家，我才做作业。
(3) until引导的时间状语从句，表将来的动作时，只能用一般现在时代替，即“主将从现”。例如：
I will wait for him until he comes back. 我将一直等到他回来。
4. Before and after can also be used as prepositions of time.
be used as意思是“被作为……使用”，as是介词，意思是“作为”，它强调被当作工具或者手段来使用。
例如：
Our classroom is used as a reading-room. 我们的教室被用来当阅览室使用。
The computer can be used as a tool.计算机可以被当作工具用。
【拓展】
(1) be used for 意思是“被用来做某事”，for是介词，它的后面用名词或者动名词作宾语。例如：
Knives are used for cutting things. 刀是用来割东西的。
(2) be used by意思是“被……使用”，by后面跟人或者物，表示强调动作的使用者。例如：
This radio is often used by my mother. 这台收音机经常被我的妈妈使用。
(3) be used to do something意思是“被用来做某事”，和be used for doing是同义词短语。例如：
It is used for learning English.＝It is used to learn English. 它被用来学习英语的。
(4) be used to doing something的意思是“习惯于做某事”。 例如：
My father is used to living in the village. 我的爸爸习惯于住在乡村。
5. I go jogging every morning.
“go+动词-ing形式”表示“去做某事”，常用于从事某一项体育活动或休闲娱乐活动，动名词前
面不能用some或其他表示数量概念的词语修饰，常见的短语有：
go bike riding 骑自行车远行 go sightseeing 去观光
go shopping去买东西 go skating去滑冰
go swimming去游泳 go boating去划船
go walking去散步 go climbing去登山
go dancing去跳舞 go hiking 去远足
【拓展】
动词do后跟动名词形式构成短语，动名词作do的宾语，具有名词性质，可以用some或the 修饰。例如：
do some reading阅读 do some washing洗涮 do some cooking做饭
do some swimming游泳 do some speaking多说 do some listening多听
句式精练
I. 根据汉语提示，完成英语句子（每空一词）。
1. 我决定要参加足球队的选拔。
I decided to ____________ ____________ ____________ the soccer team.
2. 他发现使她改变主意是不可能的。
He finds it impossible to make her ____________ ____________ ____________.
3. 在老师的帮助下，他成功地通过了考试。
With the help of his teacher, he ____________ ____________ ____________ the exam.
4. 如果你想别人注意到你，你必须努力工作。
If you want people to ____________ ____________ ____________ you, you must work hard.
5. 第二次世界大战爆发于1939年。
The Second World War ____________ ____________ in 1939.
6. 当你失败的时候，不应该丧失信心。
When you fail, you should __________ __________ __________.
7. 从那以后，他们就成为了好朋友。
__________ __________ __________, they became good friends.
8. 当你在考试的时候，不要轻易改变你的主意。
While you are having an exam, don’t __________ __________ __________ __________.
9. 如果我们永不放弃，我们几乎能做任何事。
We can almost __________ __________ if we __________ __________ __________.
10. 无论什么时候你需要帮助，请打电话给我。
__________ __________ __________ __________, please give me a call.
II. 句型转换，每空一词。
1. I have read some books about children in the war. (改为一般疑问句)
__________ you read __________ books about children in the war?
2. My sister is learning English by herself through the Internet. (对划线部分提问)
__________ is __________ sister learning English?
3. He can hardly pass the English exam. (改为反意疑问句)
He can hardly pass the English exam, __________ __________?
4. I’ll send you the picture. I’ll get home. (用as soon as合并为一句)
I’ll send you the picture __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ home.
5. He took part in the Olympics in 2012. (改为否定句)
He __________ __________ part in the Olympics in 2012.
III. 补全对话。
根据对话内容，从方框内的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。其中有两个为多余选项。
A: It is such a lovely day. I love sunshine.
B: 1 .
A: I hope it stays like this.
B: 2 .
A: Is the weather usually like this here?
B: A bit hotter than today.
A: 3 .
B: It’s pretty cold and it often snows in winter. 4 .
A: A lot like the weather here, not too hot or cold.
B: I heard it rains a lot. 5 .
A: Mmm, yes. It rains but not any more than other places.
A. I hope so, too. B. What’s the weather like in winter? C. Is that true? D. I don’t think so. E. Thank you for your kindness. F. Yes, it’s really a nice and bright day. G. What about your hometown? |
参考答案
I. 根据汉语提示，完成英语句子（每空一词）。
1. try out for 2. change her mind 3. succeeded in passing 4. take notice of 5. broke out
6. never lose heart 7. From then on 8. change your mind easily 9. do anything; never give up
10. Whenever you need help
II. 句型转换，每空一词。
1. Have; any 2. How; your 3. can he 4. as soon as I get 5. didn’t take
III. 补全对话。
1-5 FABGC
