高二英语寒假作业同步练习题同位语从句含解析

同位语从句

1．You’ve introduced two ways to share books: wild release and controlled release. Of the two, the______(后者) wins my favor.（根据汉语意思填空）

【答案】latter

【详解】考查形容词。句意：你介绍了两种分享书籍的方法：狂野释放和控制释放。在这两个方面，后者是赢得我的青睐。latter“后者的”，the latter指代“（刚提及的两者中）后者”，故填latter。

2．A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic ____ (航行) back to life. （根据汉语意思填空）

【答案】voyage

【详解】考查名词。句意：一组新的照片让这次不成功的南极航行重现生机。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用名词voyage“航行”，由空前不定冠词an可知，应使用名词单数形式。故填voyage。

3．Only after Mary read her composition the second time did she notice the ______ (拼写) mistake. （根据汉语意思填空）

【答案】spelling

【详解】考查名词。句意：直到Mary把她的作文读了第二遍的时候，她才注意到这个拼写错误。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处是用名词spelling“拼写”，作定语。故填spelling。

4．It couldn’t be the ______ (词汇量) that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words. （根据汉语意思填空）

【答案】vocabulary

【详解】考查名词。句意：在练习中，不可能是词汇量导致你出现问题，因为你知道很多单词。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用名词vocabulary“词汇量”作表语。故填vocabulary。

5．She received several ______ (正式的) letters this morning. （根据汉语意思填空）

【答案】official

【详解】考查形容词。句意：今天上午，她收到了几封正式的信函。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处是形容词official“官方的，正式的”，修饰letters，作定语。故填official

6．To avoid the temptation (诱惑) to speak my ______(本国的) language, I asked not to be placed with an English-speaking roommate. （根据汉语意思填空）

【答案】native

【详解】考查形容词。句意：为了避免说母语的诱惑，我要求不要和说英语的室友住在一起。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处是形容词native“本国的”。故填native。

7．Go ______ (直接地) down the road until you come to the English language school. （根据汉语意思填空）

【答案】straight

【详解】考查副词。句意：沿着这条路一直走到英语学校。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用副词straight“直接地”，修饰动词go。故填straight。

8．The police are trying to discover the ______ (身份) of the killer. （根据汉语意思填空）

【答案】identity

【详解】考查名词。句意：警察正在努力调查杀人凶手的身份。根据句意汉语提示可知，此处使用名词identity“身份”。故填identity。

9．The store is three ______ (街区) away. It is very convenient for us to buy things. （根据汉语意思填空）

【答案】blocks

【详解】考查名词。句意：那家商店离这儿有三条街，对我们来说买东西很方便。所填词是名词；根据所给汉语意思，应是名词block；前面有three, block应用复数形式。故填blocks。

10．He hated being in the army because he had to obey ______ (命令). （根据汉语意思填空）

【答案】commands

【详解】考查名词。句意：他讨厌参军，因为他不得不遵守命令。此处需要填名词，空前无冠词修饰，故用复数形式，故填commands。

语法专题（宾语从句）

在主从复合句中作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句在句中可以作及物动词、介词或一些形容词的宾语。

Everyone knows that the earth is made up of matter.

每个人都知道地球是由物质构成的。

I doubt whether he will be elected as chairman.

我怀疑他是否会当选为主席。

1．that引导宾语从句，既无语法功能，也无词汇意义，常被省略。但多个并列从句出现时，第一个that可以省略，其他的不能省略。

She said (that) she would come here and that I should wait for her till Monday.

她说她将会来这儿并让我等到星期一。

2．if和whether引导宾语从句的区别：

①在动词不定式之前只能用 whether。

②在whether...or not 的固定搭配中，只用 whether。

③在介词后，只能用whether。

④作 discuss 的宾语时，只能用 whether。

⑤宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用 whether。

3．带复合宾语(宾语＋宾语补足语)的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后面，而用it作形式宾语。

4．表示喜欢、憎恶等心理活动的动词后习惯上先加个形式宾语it，再接宾语从句。例如：hate，dislike，love，don't mind，feel like，appreciate，rely on，count on，see to等。

We think it possible that you can finish the work today.我们认为你今天能够完成这项工作。

5．宾语从句的否定转移：think，believe，suppose，imagine等动词后的宾语从句中的否定词要转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。

I don't think we need to waste much time on it.

我想我们不必在这上面浪费太多时间。(形式上否定)

练习：

11．To this day, there is some doubt _________ he shot himself or was murdered. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】whether

【详解】考查同位语从句的连接词。句意：到今天为止，他是开枪自杀还是被谋杀有一些疑问。分析句子可知，设空处后的句子是对名词doubt的解释说明，作doubt的同位语，应是同位语从句，从句中不缺少成分，意为“是否”，故填whether。

12．Some people have the idea to cross Canada in less than 5 days, but they forget the fact _________ Canada is 5500 kilometres from coast to coast. （用适当的单词填空）

【答案】that

【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：有些人想用不到五天的时间横穿加拿大，但他们忘了这样一个事实——加拿大东西海岸相距5500公里。分析句子结构可知，空后“Canada is 5500 kilometres from coast to coast. （加拿大东西海岸相距5500公里）”是同位语从句，对前面the fact解释说明，从句句子成分完整，所以空处需用that引导同位语从句。故填that。

13．There’s a possibility ______ we will travel to Europe this summer vacation. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】that

【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：今年暑假我们有可能去欧洲旅行。There’s a possibility that ...有可能……，此句为同位语从句，解释说明名词possibility，从句不缺少成分且句意完整，所以用连接词that。故填that。

14．The idea ______ you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】that

【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：那种认为不用思考就能把工作做好的想法是完全错误的。分析句子结构可知，名词idea后需接连接词引导同位语从句，从句“you can do this work well without thinking”句子成分完整，所以空处需用连接词that引导同位语从句。故填that。

15．I have no idea ______ the cell phone isn’t working, so could you fix it for me? (用适当的词填空)

【答案】why

【详解】考查同位语从句连接词。句意：我不知道为什么这个手机坏了，你能帮我修一下吗？分析句子可知，此句为同位语从句，表示“不知道手机为什么坏了”，在从句中作状语，应用连接副词“why”。故填why。

16．we are delighted at the news ______ our team has won. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】that

【详解】考查同位语从句引导词。句意：听到我们队赢了的消息，我们很高兴。分析句子可知，从句为同位语从句，是对“the news”进行解释说明，连接词在从句中不充当任何成分，应用引导词that。故填that。

17．We shared the belief ______ if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back. （用适当的单词填空）

【答案】that

【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：我们都相信，如果你有幸获得成功，你就应该有所回报。分析句子结构，设空处引导同位语从句，解释说明belief的内容。引导词在从句中不作任何成分，也没有实际意义，需用连接词that引导。故填that。

18．There is some doubt_______ he will continue to be successful in future. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】whether

【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：他将来是否能继续成功还有一些疑问。doubt的肯定形式后接whether引导的同位语从句，if不能引导同位语从句，常构成“There is some doubt whether ......”句式，意为：某事是否......还有疑问；doubt的否定形式后接that引导的同位语从句，常构成“There is no doubt that...... ”,意为：做某事毫无疑问。故答案为whether。

19．Word came _________ a new teaching building would be built in our school next year. (用适当的词填空)

【答案】that

【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：消息传来，明年我们学校将建一座新的教学楼。分析句子可知，空处引导一个同位语从句，解释说明主语“Word”的内容，从句结构、意义完整，应使用that引导，故填that。

20．The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief______you are better than anyone else on the sports field. （用适当的单词填空）

【答案】that

【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：在最高水平上取得成功的唯一途径就是坚信自己在运动场上比任何人都强。后面从句you are better than anyone else on the sports field是对belief的解释说明，是为同位语从句，从句不缺成分，无需添加其它含义，用that引导同位语从句，解释说明belief的具体内容。故填that。

阅读理解

The Healthy Habits Survey (调查) shows that only about one third of American seniors have correct habits. Here are some findings and expert advice.

1. How many times did you brush your teeth yesterday?

● Finding: A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.

● Step: Remove the 300 types of bacteria in your mouth each morning with a battery-operated toothbrush. Brush gently for 2 minutes, at least twice a day.

2. How many times did you wash your hands or bathe yesterday?

● Finding: Seniors, on average, bathe fewer than 3 days a week. And nearly 30% wash their hands only 4 times a day—half of the number doctors recommend.

● Step: We touch our faces around 3,000 times a day—often inviting germs (病菌) to enter our mouth, nose, and eyes. Use toilet paper to avoid touching the door handle. And, most important, wash your hands often with hot running water and soap for 20 seconds.

3. How often do you think about fighting germs?

● Finding: Seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should.

● Step: Be aware of germs. Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge (海绵) that can carry more germs than anything else? To kill these germs, keep your sponge in the microwave for 10 seconds.

21．What is found out about American seniors?

A．Most of them have good habits.

B．Nearly 30% of them bathe three days a week.

C．All of them are fighting germs better than expected.

D．About one third of them brush their teeth only once a day.

22．Doctors suggest that people should wash their hands ________.

A．twice a day B．three times a day

C．four times a day D．eight times a day

23．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?

A．We should keep from touching our faces.

B．There are less than 300 types of bacteria in the mouth.

C．A kitchen sponge can carry more germs than a toilet.

D．We should wash our hands before touching a door handle.

【答案】21．D 22．D 23．C

【分析】这是一篇说明文。健康习惯调查显示，只有大约三分之一的美国老年人有正确的习惯。文章介绍了一些发现和专家建议。

21．推理判断题。根据“Finding: A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.”可知，大约三分之一的人每天只刷一次牙。故选D项。

22．细节理解题。根据“And nearly 30% wash their hands only 4 times a day—half of the number doctors recommend.”可知，将近30%的人每天洗4次手，只有医生建议的一半，所以医生建议每天要洗8次手。故选D项。

23．推理判断题。“Be aware of germs. Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge that can carry more germs than anything else?” 注意细菌。你知道吗?不是你的马桶，而是厨房里的海绵，比任何东西都更容易携带细菌。”可知，C项A kitchen sponge can carry more germs than a toilet.（厨房里的海绵比厕所里的细菌还多。）是不正确的。故选C。

写作（改错）

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Dear Mr. Black,

I’m Jim, the chairman of the students’ Union. I’m writing to invite you attend the English Dubbing Contest in our school lecture hall next Friday. We would be great honored if you could come to be one of our judge.

The contest will start at 2:40 pm and lasted about 2 hours. All the competitors will dub the giving sections of some popular English films. Their performances will be score according to their pronunciations, tones or emotions of the characters in the films. Hope you will be available then and I believe we would learn more if you was there.

Looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenient.

Yours,

Jim

【答案】1.去掉chairman前的the

2. 在attend前添加to

3. great改为greatly

4. judge改为judges

5. lasted改为last

6. giving改为given

7. score改为scored

8. or改为and

9. was改为were

10. convenient改为convenience

【分析】

本文为邀请信，邀请老师参加竞赛做评委。

【详解】

1.考查冠词。句意：我是吉姆，学生会主席。英语中表示“独一无二的职务、头衔”时，不用冠词。故去掉the。

2.考查不定式。句意：我写信邀请你参加下星期五在我们学校演讲厅举行的英语配音比赛。句中的“invite sb. to do...”为固定搭配，意为“邀请......去做...…”。故在attend前添加to。

3.考查副词。句意：如果你能成为我们的裁判，我们将不胜荣幸。句中的形容词honored需用副词来修饰，要用greatly。故把great改为greatly。

4.考查名词单复数。句意：如果你能成为我们的一名裁判，我们将不胜荣幸。one of后加可数名词复数，要用judges。因此judge改为judges。

5.考查动词时态。句意：比赛将于下午2:40开始，持续约2小时。本句为将来时态，在will之后用动词原形，要用last。故把lasted改为last。

6.考查非谓语。句意：所有的竞争者都将为一些流行的英语电影的给定部分配音。本题在句中做定语，与被修饰词之间是被动关系，要用given。故把giving改为given。

7.考查语态。句意：他们的表演将根据影片中人物的发音、声调或情绪来评分。句子的主语performances与动词score二者为被动关系，因此此处用被动语态，故把score改为scored。

8.考查连词。句意：他们的表演将根据影片中人物的发音、声调或情绪来评分。分析句子可知，前后为并列关系而非选择关系。要用and。故or改为and。

9.考查主谓一致。句意：我相信如果你在那里，我们会学到更多。本句的主语为you，虚拟语气用were。故把was改为were。

10.考查固定短语。句意：期待你在方便时给以答复。句中的“at one’s convenience”为固定搭配，意为“在...方便的时候”。故把convenient改为convenience。