高二英语寒假作业同步练习题过去完成时被动语态含解析

过去完成时被动语态

1．The supplies were ___(运输)to the local people immediately the earthquake happened. (根据汉语意思填空)

【答案】transported

【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：地震一发生，这些物资就被送到了当地人民那里。根据汉语意思“运输”，可知应填动词transport，本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且事情发生在过去，故为一般过去时的被动语态。上文已经有了were，故填transported。

2．Joe is proud and ___(固执的), never admitting he is wrong and always looking for someone else to blame. （根据汉语意思填空）

【答案】stubborn

【详解】考查形容词。句意：Joe骄傲而固执，从不承认自己错了，总是去责备别人。根据汉语意思“固执的”以及上文Joe is proud and可知应填形容词stubborn，作表语。故填stubborn。

3．He worked hard and ___(最终)got a good result in the exam. （根据汉语意思填空）

【答案】finally

【详解】考查副词。句意：他努力学习，最终在考试中取得了好成绩。分析句子可知，本句为and连接的两个简单句，finally意为“最终”，副词词性，在句中作状语，表示最终在考试中取得了好成绩，符合句意。故填finally。

4．We have an excellent retirement plan and medical ___(保险) as well. （根据汉语意思填空）

【答案】insurance

【详解】考查名词。句意：我们还有很好的退休计划和医疗保险。根据汉语意思“保险”，以及上文medical为形容词修饰名词，可知应填名词insurance。故填insurance。

5．Not having ___(说服) my parents, I failed to go to a drama school, where my interest lay. （根据汉语意思填空）

【答案】persuaded

【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于没有说服我的父母，我没能上我感兴趣的戏剧学校。分析句子可知，设空处为分词作状语，Not having done表示“与句中主语为逻辑上的主动关系，先于谓语动词动作发生”，persuade意为“说服”，动词词性，与句子主语I为逻辑上的主动关系，即我发出说服父母的动作，且说服的动作先于谓语动词failed发生，即没有说服父母，所以没能去戏剧学校，故空格处应用persuade的过去分词persuaded。故填persuaded。

6．Just as Professor Scotti often puts it, success is ninety-nine percent mental ___(态度). （根据汉语意思填空）

【答案】attitude

【详解】考查名词。句意：正如斯科蒂教授常说的，成功是百分之九十九的精神态度。分析句子可知，mental意为“精神的”，形容词词性，后接名词，attitude意为“态度”，名词词性，句中指精神态度，符合句意。故填attitude。

7．Which one do you ___(较喜欢), the blue jacket or the red one? （根据汉语意思填空）

【答案】prefer

【详解】考查动词。句意：你更喜欢哪一个？是蓝色的夹克还是红色的？根据所给汉语意思，应该是动词prefer。故填prefer。

8．In my ___(观点), we should take the strictest measures to ensure the food safety. （根据汉语意思填空）

【答案】view

【详解】考查名词。句意：在我看来，我们应该采取最严格的措施来确保食品安全。固定搭配in one's view（在某人看来），用名词view（看法）。故填view。

9．One of the __(缺点) of our planning is the failure to balance the work and the study. （根据汉语意思填空）

【答案】shortcomings

【详解】考查名词。句意：我们计划的缺点之一是不能平衡工作和学习。在定冠词the后应是名词在句子中作主语；根据所给汉语意思，应该是名词shortcoming；“one of……意思为“……之一”，后接可数名词的复数形式，因此shortcoming应用复数形式。故填shortcomings。

20．It is difficult for the old to keep up with the rapid ___(步伐) of change. （根据汉语意思填空）

【答案】pace

【详解】考查名词。句意：老年人很难跟上迅速变化的步伐。keep up with the pace of ...为固定短语，跟上……的步伐。故答案为pace.

语法专题（过去完成时被动语态）

过去完成时的被动语态是过去完成时态和被动语态的结合。表示过去某一时间以前已经被完成的动作，常与by，before等引导的时间状语连用。由“had＋been＋过去分词”构成。

1．过去完成时的被动语态有以下三种形式

(1)肯定结构：主语＋ had been done ＋其他成分。

(2)否定结构：主语＋ had not been done ＋其他成分。

(3)疑问句结构：had ＋主语＋ been done ＋其他成分？

疑问词＋ had ＋主语＋ been done ＋其他成分？

2．过去完成时的被动语态常用于以下三种情况

(1)表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作，常与by，before等引导的时间状语连用。

By the time he got to the school，the first class had been finished.

当他到达学校时，第一节课已经结束了。

The classroom hadn't been cleaned before the teacher came.

老师来之前，教室还没有打扫过。

(2)根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时。

As the assignment had been done，he went on to search the Internet.

任务完成后，他继续上网搜索。

He did what he had been told to.

他做了别人叫他做的事。

(3)在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词之后的宾语从句中，若表示过去某一被动动作时，用过去完成时。

They said the production costs had been reduced.

他们说生产成本已经降低了。

练习：

11．An incredible tree-house restaurant_____________(completed) by the end of last month and a large crowd of people went there for meals. (所给词的适当形式填空)

【答案】had been completed

【详解】考查动词时态及语态。句意：一个令人难以置信的树屋餐馆截止上月底完工了，很多人都去那里吃饭。根据by the end of last month可知，应使用过去完成时，complete与主语是逻辑被动关系，应使用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been completed。

12．That was the first time that she ____________(invite) to visit the Great Wall. (所给词的适当形式填空)

【答案】had been invited

【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：那是她第一次被邀请去参观长城。句型It/This/That was the first time that后引出的定语从句应用过去完成时，表示“此事第一次发生”；从句主语she和动词invite构成被动关系，应用被动语态，故此处应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been invited。

13．Many years after the book __________ (publish), some people realized that the Shangri-la of the novel was a perfect match for Zhongdian in Yunnan Province, China. （用单词的适当形式完成句子）

【答案】was published/had been published

【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：在这本书出版多年后，一些人意识到小说中的香格里拉与中国云南的中甸是一个完美的匹配。根据主句时态可知，从句用一般过去时；从句动作publish发生在主句动作realize之前，所以也可以用过去完成时。句中主语book与publish之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was published/had been published。

14．The earthquake had been  _______（predict） several months before.（用单词适当形式填空）

【答案】predicted

【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：这次地震几个月前就有人预测过了。分析句子结构，根据several months before和had been可知，设空处需填过去分词和had been构成过去完成时的被动语态，predict的过去分词形式是predicted。故填predicted。

15．My friend____(forbid) from going out before I arrived at his apartment. (所给词的适当形式填空)

【答案】had been forbidden

【详解】考查时态语态。句意：在我到达我朋友的公寓之前，他被禁止外出。分析句意，逻辑主语和提示词之间表示被动关系，此处应表示“被禁止”。根据过去完成时的基本用法：“过去的过去”可知，此处表示“被禁止”发生于arrived 之前。故此处符合过去完成时的用法。综合分析，此处用过去完成时的被动语态符合题意。故填had been forbidden。

16．A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who__________(trap) in the mountains for two days.（用单词的适当形式完成句子）

【答案】had been trapped

【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：一位救援人员冒着生命危险营救了两名已经在山中被困两天的游客。根据句中主句的谓语动词risked可知，事情发生在过去，而“被困”发生在risked之前，故用过去完成时。定语从句的先行词是two tourists，与从句的谓语动词trap之间是被动关系，因此设空处应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been trapped。

17．So far, the moon__by man already. (visit) （所给词的适当形式填空）

【答案】has been visited

【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：到目前为止，人类已经探访过月球了。时间状语so far常和现在完成时态连用，且the moon和visit之间是被动关系，且主语the moon是第三人称单数，故填has been visited。

18．Thousands of films_________ (produce) all over the world in the last few years.（所给单词适当形式填空）

【答案】have been produced

【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：在过去的几年里全世界产生了数以千计的电影。分析句子结构可知句中缺失谓语，所以空处需填动词，作谓语，又因句中是在讲述过去发生的事到目前为止有什么结果，所以时态应用现在完成时，且与主语是被动语态，故填have been produced。

19．-My friend whom you met yesterday_____________ (invite) to give a speech at the award ceremony.

-So has my sister. (所给词的适当形式填空)

【答案】has been invited

【详解】考查被动语态。句意：——你昨天遇到的那位朋友已被邀请在颁奖典礼上讲话。——我妹妹也一样。根据答语So has my sister.可知，空处谓语动词需用现在完成时，因为是被邀请，所以空处动词需用现在完成时的被动语态：have/has been done，主语是My friend，单数，所以助动词需用has。故填has been invited。

20．When we got there after the accident, we were told that the injured ____________ (send) to the nearest hospital yet. (所给词的适当形式填空)

【答案】had been sent

【详解】考查时态语态。句意：事故发生后，当我们到达那里时，我们被告知伤者已被送往最近的医院。由yet和前面的句子we were told that可以知道事情发生在过去的过去，所以时态是过去完成时，且主语the injured与send之间是被动关系，要用被动语态，且谓语动词用复数。故填had been sent。

阅读理解

China’ Forbidden City----traditionally off-limit at night for anyone except emperors and visiting dignitaries (显要人物）---- was decorated with lanterns as China celebrated the end of the Chinese New Year holiday. The complex, home to Chinese emperors for five centuries, was opened at night for the first time since it was reopened as the Palace Museum 94 years ago.

The complex and palace walls were illuminated with red lanterns and a light show, designed to recreate the feelings of the royal court, while the China National Traditional Orchestra and the Peking Opera performed. An image of a treasured scroll called A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains was cast onto the palace roof.

Most of China’s 1.3 billion people, however, had to watch the show on television. Only 3,000 people were allowed in: 2,500 invited guests and 500 people who booked their tickets online. “The 3,000 visitors can show off for the whole year,” one person said on Weibo. When booking for the second day opened at midnight, the booking system crashed for more than an hour due to great demand. The free tickets were quickly taken when it reopened. A lively secondary market soon appeared. Scalpers were selling tickets for as much as 9,999 yuan on online trading sites.

The Palace Museum is now on a campaign to attract more visitors, with its former curator Shan Jixiang saying he wants to make traditional Chinese culture more accessible to the general public. More than 80 percent of the palace is now accessible to visitors, up from 30 percent in 2012. Shan has set a target of 85 percent by 2020 to mark the palace’s 600th anniversary . Creativity today has made the Palace Museum younger and drawn traditional culture closer to the public.

21．What does the underlined word “illuminate”probably mean in Paragraph 2?

A．Cared for. B．Lit up.

C．Picked out. D．Kept safe.

22．How do most Chinese admire the night view of the Forbidden City ?

A．By watching TV at home .

B．By grabbing free tickets online

C．By buying tickets from the secondary market.

D．By receiving invitation from the Forbidden City.

23．What will happen in 2020 according to Shan Jixiang?

A．The campaign between museums will be better.

B．Creativity will make the Palace Museum younger.

C．Traditional Chinese culture will be recreated by foreigners.

D．About 85 percent of the palace will be accessible to visitors.

24．What can be a suitable title of the text ?

A．A Brief Introduction of the Forbidden City

B．Difficulties in Getting Tickets to the Forbidden City

C．Performances During the Light Show in the Forbidden City

D．Forbidden City’s First Opening to General Public at Night

【答案】

21．B

22．A

23．D

24．D

【分析】

本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了故宫于94年前重新开放以来，第一次在夜间向普通民众开放。并且结合了美丽的灯饰和灯光表演，意向游客展示故宫的皇家感觉。遗憾的是，当晚只有3000名幸运游客可以亲身游览夜间美丽的故宫。

21．词义猜测题。由后面的with red lanterns and a light show, designed to recreate the feelings of the royal court可知宫殿和宫墙被无数的红灯笼和一场旨在于重现皇家感觉的灯光秀所照亮。Illuminated“点亮，照亮”与light up同义。故选B。

22．细节理解题。根据第三段Most of China’s 1.3 billion people, however, had to watch the show on television. Only 3,000 people were allowed in一句可知除了3000名幸运游客外，中国13亿人口中的大部分将在电视上观看。故选A。

23．细节理解题。根据第四段More than 80 percent of the palace is now accessible to visitors, up from 30 percent in 2012. Shan has set a target of 85 percent by 2020 to mark the palace’s 600th anniversary .一句可知到故宫600年周年纪念的时候，将会有85%的区域向游客开放。故选D。

24．主旨大意题。通览全文可知，文章介绍了故宫于94年前重新开放以来，第一次在夜间向普通民众开放。故选D。

【点睛】

做词义猜测题时要利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，千万不能脱离开语境，尤其是要注意划线词前后的内容。本题第1小题，由后面的with red lanterns and a light show, designed to recreate the feelings of the royal court可知宫殿和宫墙被无数的红灯笼和一场旨在于重现皇家感觉的灯光秀所照亮。Illuminated“点亮，照亮”与light up同义。故选B。

写作（改错）

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处,多者（从第11处起）不计分。

My father is the person constantly looks for mistakes in other people and thought no one is perfect in the world. His character was created a negative atmosphere in my family. I was the same like my father, so I often felt angry, disappointed, depressed, and alone in school. Fortunately, my favorite book changed this.

Before I had read my favorite book I began to seek “good things” in other people. It has complete altered my life. Now I feel happy, I have more friends, I have more trust in people, and I realize everyone has their own strength! Another important lesson I got from this book is that I should always behave me in a positive manner. Let’s admit that we sometimes complain about our situation. That’s not good. “Believing it or not, people don’t like to listen to negative opinions.”

【答案】1. person后加who/hat 2.thought→thinks 3. character后的was删掉 

4.the same 后的like→as 5.alone→lonely 6.Before→After 7. complete→completely 

8.happy改为happier 9. behave后的me→myself  10. Believing→Believe 

【分析】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了作者的父亲是一个经常在别人身上寻找错误的人，他认为世界上没有人是完美的。这样的性格对作者产生了消极的影响，但是作者最喜欢的一本书，改变了作者的消极的态度，使作者以积极的态度对待自己和其他人。

【详解】

第一处：考查关系代词。分析句子可知，the person为先行词，在后面的定语从句中作主语，所以关系代词为who或者that。故将person后加who或that。

第二处：考查一般现在时。分析句子可知，and并列连接两个句子。由“My father is ”可知，本句为一般现在时。故将thought改为thinks。

第三处：考查一般过去时的主动语态。分析句子可知，主语His character与谓语 created为主动。故将character后的was删掉。

第四处：考查固定短语。the same as “和…一样”为固定短语。故将the same 后的like改为as。

第五处：考查形容词。alone为形容词，意为“单独的”，侧重说明独自一人，lonely意为“孤独的”，表示主观上感到孤独、寂寞。由“angry, disappointed, depressed”可知，lonely意为“孤独的”符合句意。故将alone改为lonely。

第六处：考查从属连词。分析句子可知，在作者读了作者最喜欢的书之后，作者开始在别人身上寻找“优点”。所以本句为after引导的时间状语从句。故将Before改为After。

第七处：考查副词。此处是修饰动词altered，副词用来修饰动词，complete是形容词。故将complete改为completely。

第八处：考查形容词比较级。由“Now，more”可知，作者在对比现在与过去，作者现在比以前更快乐，所以应用形容词比较级。故将happy改为happier。

第九处：考查代词。主语与宾语表示同一个人时，宾语用反身代词。behave oneself“使举止规矩”为固定短语。故将behave后的me改为myself 。

第十处：考查省略句。believe it or not 是口语里常用的句子，其实是个省略的句子完整的是(Whether you)believe it or not。故Believing改为Believe。

【点睛】

定语从句中关系词的选择可考虑以下三点：

(1) 一看先行词的意义，即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用who或whom，指人时通常不用which等。

(2) 二看关系词的句法功能，即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分，是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用whose，有时也用which；作状语要用when, where, why。

(3) 三看定语从句的种类，即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句。

词。分析小题1的句子可知，the person为先行词，在后面的定语从句中作主语，所以关系代词为who或者that。故将person后加who或that。