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专题9.3 人教版八年级英语上册 Can you come to my party Grammar知识点+练习题学案
展开Unit 9 Can you come to my party?
[来源:学科网ZXXK]
一、情态动词can的用法
情态动词 can 有一定的词义,但不能独立存在,它必须与动词原形一起构成谓语。
情态动词 can 没有人称和数的变化, 否定形式是can’t, 过去式是could。[来源:学.科.网Z.X.X.K]
1. can表示做某事的能力时, 对以它开头的一般疑问句作肯定回答用"Yes, 主语 +can."; 作否定回答用"No, 主语 + can’t."
☞—I can speak English.
—Can you speak English?
—Yes, I can.
—No, I can’t.
2. can表示请求、 允许做某事时, 对于以它开头的一般疑问句:
作肯定回答:Sure. /Yes, sure. /
Sure, I’d love to.
作否定回答:Sorry, I can’t. / I’m afraid not. / I’d love to, but …
☞—Can you come to my house next Monday?
—Sure, I’d love to.
☞—Can you go shopping with me this weekend?
—Sorry, I have to practice the violin.
3. can还可以表示推测, 常用于否定句。
☞ That man can’t be Mr. Li because he is in Paris now.
那个男人不可能是李老师,因为他现在在巴黎呢。
(2016贵州铜仁)—Is that boy Tom ?
—It ___________ be Tom. He has gone to his hometown to visit his grandparents.[来源:学&科&网]
A. can B. can’t C. must D. mustn’t
【答案】B
二、have to/must的用法
have to是"必须,不得不",表示客观上要做的事,必须与动词原形一起构成谓语。它和can、may、must等情态动词相比较有很多不同之处,现将其用法小结如下:
1. have to有人称和数的变化,其他情态动词没有。
☞ There are no buses and he has to go home on foot. 没有公共汽车了,他不得不步行回家。
2.have to和must都意为"必须",但是have to侧重于强调因客观条件需要做的事情,而must侧重于表示说话人的主观看法,认为有义务,有必要去做某事。
☞ We must keep our classroom clean and tidy. 我们必须保持教室干净整齐。
☞ His grandpa has to stay in bed because he is ill. 他爷爷病了,不得不卧床休息。
【注意】
must没有人称和时态的变化,而have to有时态和人称的变化。
He had to go on foot because there was something wrong with his bike. 他不得不步行去,因为他的自行车坏了。
3. have to不能直接用来表示否定或进行提问,需要助动词do、does、did等的帮助,即don’t/doesn’t/didn’t have to。
☞ You don’t have to help him with his homework. 你不必帮他做作业。
4.have to可以对must引起的一般疑问句进行否定回答。
☞ —Must I finish my homework now? 现在我必须完成我的作业吗?
—No, you don’t have to./ No, you needn’t. 不,不需要。
—How do you usually go to school?
—My school is far away. I ________ take the bus to school.
A. must B. might C. have to
【答案】C
must 否定形式为mustn’t,表禁止,意为"一定不要,千万别;不许"。
☞ You mustn’t play with fire. 你不许玩火。
Look! The traffic light has turned red. We ________ stop our car.
A. can B. can’t C. must D. mustn’t
【答案】C
【解析】本题用语境判断法。can可以;can’t 不能;must必须;mustn’t一定不要。由前两句句意"看!交通灯已经变红了!"可知,"我们必须停车"。
【巧学妙记】
情态动词记忆口诀
情态动词两要点,动词原形跟后面,语气较委婉。
can 表"能力",may"许可",
must"责任"或"义务",否定回答needn’t换;
"需要"need,dare"敢",should"应该",
would"愿",have to"不得不"表客观。
三、情态动词might的用法
might可以没有把握的推测,也可表示允许或请求。
☞—What are you going to do on Sunday?[来源:Zxxk.Com]
—I’m not sure. I might watch TV.
——你星期天将做什么?
——我不确定。我可能看电视。
☞As you can see, some of the information might be off.
正如你看到的一样,一些信息可能已经关闭了。
(2015江苏常州)—Who will give us the speech on public manners?
—Mr. Brown________, but I’m not sure.
A.can B. need C. must D. might
【答案】D
于公共礼仪的演讲,表示可能性但又不是很确定用might。故选D。
四、be going to & will的用法[来源:学。科。网Z。X。X。K]
1.be going to表示即将发生的动作;will表示将来发生的事情,不一定是最近期间之事。
☞ She told him she was going to quit the job.
她告诉他,她即将辞职。
☞ She will go to Australia next year.
她明年要去澳洲。
2. be going to: 表示某人打算做某事,含有主观意愿;will: 用以叙述某件将要发生之事,是一种客观的叙述。
☞ He is not going to be made a scapegoat.
他不会去做替罪羊。
☞ He will not become a scapegoat.
他不会做替罪羊。
3. 在表示按计划或安排要发生的动作时,可以用be going to;will只表示单纯的将来,并无按规定或计划之意。
☞The railway is going to be open on October 1.
这条铁路将于十月一日通车。
☞This railway will be electrified when there is a need.
如果需要,这条铁路将实现电气化。
(2016广西来宾) There _____ a basketball match in our school tomorrow.
A. will have B. will be C. are D. is going to have
【答案】B
【解析】句意:明天我们学校将有一场篮球比赛。根据时间状语tomorrow可知此处用一般将来时,there be句型表示"有,存在",故此处为will be,故选B。学!科*网
I. 翻译下列句子
1. 你周日能去我家吃晚饭吗?
____________________________________________________________________
2. 你想参加我的生日聚会吗?在星期五的四点半。
____________________________________________________________________
3. ——你能参加我的晚会吗?
——我不确定。我可能得帮助我妈妈。
____________________________________________________________________
4. 当然可以。我很愿意。
____________________________________________________________________
5. ——她能去看电影吗?
—— 不,她不能,她正在踢足球。
____________________________________________________________________
II. 从下面方框中选出最佳选项,使对话完整。其中有两项多余
A. That’s too bad.
B. Can you come to my party?
C. Are you going shopping with me?
D. Maybe another time.
E. I have to study for a test.
F. When is it?
G. I’d love to.
Alice: Hey, Bob. 1. ______
Bob: I’m sorry, I can’t. I have to help my parents.
Alice: 2. _____ How about you, Ling Ling? Can you come to my party?
Ling Ling: 3. _____
Alice: On Saturday afternoon.
Ling Ling: Oh, no, I can’t.4. ____
Alice: Too bad. 5. _______
III. 单项选择
1.—How do you usually go to school?
—My school is far away. I ________ take the bus to school.
A. must B. might C. have to
2.— I wonder if this smart phone is Mary’s.
—It _______ belong to her. _______ is totally different from this one.
A. mustn’t; Her B. can’t; Her
C. can’t; Hers D. may; Hers
3. —Do you have any plans for tonight?
—Yes , I____ at the new Italian restaurant in town.
A. eat B. have eaten
C. ate D. am going to eat
4. —Look at the young lady in red. Is it Mrs. King?
—No, It ________ be her. She is wearing a white dress today.
A. can B. may
C. must D. can’t
5. —Hi .Jack! Could you come to our English party?
—Sorry, I _ . I have to look after my little sister at home.
A. must B. could C. can’t
6. There ______ a football game in our city next week.
A. will have B. will be
C. is going to have D. are going to be
7. There _____ a basketball match in our school tomorrow.
A. will have B. will be
C. are D. is going to have
8. More and more children in the countryside are ________ school at an early age to look for work in the cities.
A. going to B. leaving C. beginning
9. —_____you come to my party on Sunday?
—Sorry, I’m not available. I _______ study for the math test.
A. Can; must B. Must; can
C. Need; may D. May; can
10. —Could you please sweep the floor, Tom?
—Sorry, Mum. I _____. I’m doing my homework.
A. can’t B. mustn’t
C. needn’t D. may not
11. —Jack, ________ you ride a bike?
—Yes, I can.
A. can B. may C. need D. must
12. The girl in the classroom _____ be Mary. She called me from Beijing just now.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. shouldn’t D. can’t
13. —Who will give us the speech on foreign culture?
—Mr. Wang ________, but I’m not sure.
A. can B. need C. must D. might
14. ________ I see your ID card, sir? We have to check your information.
A. May B. Must C. Should D. Need
15. —What will the weather be like tomorrow?
—It ________be rainy, cloudy or sunny. Who knows?
A. must B. might C. shall D. should
16. —________ I swim here?
—No, you ________.Look at the sign "No swimming".
A. Must;can’t B. Can; don’t C. Can; mustn’t
17. —________ I help you, sir?
—Yes. I want a T-shirt.
A. Can B. Should C. Must D. Would
IV. 完形填空
You may think that English dictionaries have been used for many, many centuries. In fact, an English dictionary you 1 today wasn’t made until the Qing Dynasty(清朝). Three men did most of the 2 work on dictionaries. They spent nearly all their lives trying to 3 words for their dictionaries. For them, it was a wonderful journey. The largest dictionary in the world is Oxford English Dictionary. The 4 for editing (编纂) this dictionary came form an important meeting in Britain in 1857. twenty-two years later, Oxford University asked James Murray to be the editor( 编者) of its new dictionary.
Murray had never been to 5 at the age of fourteen; he left his village school in Scotland and taught himself while working in a bank. 6 he became a great teacher. After Oxford gave him the job, Murray had a small 7 in his garden to do the work. Every morning, Murray got out of bed at five o’clock and 8 in it several hours before breakfast. Often he would work into the night. Murray hoped to finish the new dictionary in ten years. But after five years, he was 9 adding words for the letter " A" ! He worked on the dictionary 10 he was very old. Forty-four years later, in 1928, other editors finished the dictionary.
1. A. use B. write C. copy D. read
2. A. easy B. relaxing C. early D. safe
3. A. spell B. invent C. collect D. make
4. A. word B. idea C. use D. prize
5. A. school B. cinema C. village D. college
6. A. Later B. Before C. After D. Though
7. A. table B. desk C. shop D. house
8. A. slept B. looked C. worked D. talked
9. A. already B. still C. usually D. always
10. A. if B. because C. until D. since
V. 选词填空
阅读短文,从方框中选择合适的词并用其适当形式填空,每空一词,每词限用一次。
friend good movie second quiet
meet play interest importance do
We all know friends are very 1 to us. How can we make friends? I think the following suggestions can help you make good friends.
Firstly, if you want to make friends, you need to go out 2 people. Friends hardly come to knock at your door while you are 3 computer games at home.
4 , you don’t have to have a lot of common 5 with people in order to make friends with them. In fact, some of the 6 friendships are between two people who don’t have much in common at all. Even they have opposite views. For example, if you are outing, you can make friends with people who are different from you. Though he is 7 than you, you can help each other.
Thirdly, you should often invite your friends 8 many things with you. For example, you can invite your friends to go to the 9 or go to a concert with you. You also should take part in your 10 party. Soon you will find you and your friends have strong friendship.
I. 翻译下列句子
1. Can you come to my place to have a dinner on Sunday?
2. Would you like to come to my birthday party? It’s at four thirty on Friday.
3. —Can you come to my party?
— I’m not sure. I might have to help my mom.
4. Sure, I’d love to.
5. —Can she go to the movies?
— No, she can’t. She’s playing soccer.
II. 从下面方框中选出最佳选项,使对话完整。其中有两项多余
1—5 BAFED
III.单项选择
2.C 【解析】句意:——我想知道这个智能机是否是玛丽的。——不可能属于她,她的和这个完全不同。情态动词表示推测时,用must表示"一定",用might, could表示"可能",用can’t表示"不可能"。从句意看,这手机与她的完全不同,故不可能是她的,前面用can’t。形容词性的物主代词后一定有一个被修饰的名词,名词性的物主代词后没有被其修饰的词,本题后没有被修饰的词,用名词性的物主代词,"她的":hers。故选C。
3.D 【解析】句意:――你今天晚上有什么安排吗?――是的,我要在镇上新的意大利饭店吃饭。今天晚上时间还没有到来,故用将来时。因此选D。(be going to+动词原形,表示主语对近期的计划、打算、安排等等)
4.D 【解析】句意:——看那个穿着红色衣服的年轻女士。它是李夫人吗?——不是,那不可能她。今天她穿着白色的裙子。情态动词表示否定猜测时经常用can’t; must一定。结合句意可知选D。
5.C 【解析】 句意:——嗨,杰克!你能来参加我们的英语派对吗?——对不起,我不能。我不得不在家照顾我的小妹妹。must,必须,一定;could,能,can的过去式;can’t不能。根据杰克的理由及sorry,可知是否定回答,故选C。
6.B 【解析】句意:下周,我们市有一场足球赛。本句是there be结构,由next week可知句子描述将来,用一般将来时态。There be结构的一般将来时态结构是:There will be;或There be going to be,本句里game是三人称单数,be用is,即:There is going to be。故选B。
7.B[【解析】句意:明天我们学校将有一场篮球比赛。根据时间状语tomorrow可知此处用一般将来时,there be句型表示有,存在,故此处为will be,故选B。学··科.网
9. A 【解析】本题考查情态动词辨析。句意:——你周日能来参加我的聚会吗?——对不起,我没空,我必须为数学测验而学习。can可以;must必须;need需要;may可以。根据句意可知选A。
10. A 【解析】本题考查情态动词辨析。句意:——汤姆,你能扫地吗?——对不起,妈妈,我不能。我在做作业。can’t不能;mustn’t绝对不可以;needn’t不必;may not不可以,不可能。Could... ?请求句型的否定回答往往用can’t,故选A。
11. A 【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意:——杰克,你会骑自行车吗?——是的,我会。由答句 Yes, I can.可知选A。
12. D 【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意:教室里的女孩不可能是Mary。她刚才还从北京给我打电话。mustn’t 禁止;needn’t不需要;shouldn’t 不应该;can’t不可能。Mary刚才还从北京打电话,说明"不可能"是 Mary,故选D。
13. D 【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意:——谁将给我们做关于国外文化的演讲?——可能是王先生,但是我还不确定。can能够,可以;need需要,不表示推测语气;must必须,表示肯定而有把握的推测;might可能,也许,常用于表示没把握的推测语气。由"我还不确定"可知前半句意为"可能是布朗先生"。故选D。
14. A 【解析】根据句意"我可以看一下你的身份证吗,先生?我们不得不核实你的信息。"可知此处表示请求许可,故答案应选A。
15. B 【解析】might"也许,可能",表推测,指不确定;must"一定";shall"将会"与I或we 连用,should"应该"。句意为:——明天的天气将会怎样?——也许下雨,也许多云或是晴天。谁知道呢?结合句中的Who knows?及前面的三种推测,可知不确定。故选B。
16. C 【解析】must引导的问句,否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to,排除A项;can 引导的问句,否定回答用can’t或mustn’t,排除B项。句意:——我可以在这里游泳吗?——不,你千万不要。看一下那个标牌"禁止游泳"。"C项符合题意。
17. A 【解析】根据答语"Yes. I want a T-shirt."判断问句是售货员常用的问候语"Can I help you"。所以答案选A。
IV. 完形填空
【文章大意】你可能认为英语字典已经使用了好几个世纪了。事实上我们使用的英文字典直到清朝才出现。文章介绍了世界上最大的字典牛津字典编纂的历史。
1. A 【解析】考查动词及语境理解。事实上我们使用的英文字典直到清朝才出现。use使用,write写,copy抄写,read读。
3. C 【解析】考查动词及语境理解。他们几乎花了一生的时间去为字典搜集单词。spell拼写,invent发明,collect收集,make制作。完形填空需读懂句意,辨析动词的词意。
4. B 【解析】考查名词及语境理解。编撰这部字典的想法是在是在1857年英国的一次会议上提出的。word 单词,idea想法,主意;us使用;prize奖。
5. D 【解析】考查名词及语境理解。由下文可知Murray没上过大学。school学校,cinema电影院,village村子,college大学。
6. A 【解析】考查副词及语境理解。后来他成了一位伟大的教师。Later后来;Before以前;After在……以后,Though尽管。
7. D 【解析】考查名词及语境理解。由下文"Murray五点钟起床后在就在那个小房子里工作好几个小时才吃饭。"可知,为了做这项工作他在他的花园里建了一个房子。table桌子,desk桌子,shop商店,house房子。此题的关键是根据下文语境,由下文语境判断此句的句意。
8. C 【解析】考查动词及语境理解。Murray五点钟起床后在就在那个小房子里工作好几个小时才吃饭。slept睡觉,looked 看,worked工作,talked交谈。
9. B 【解析】考查副词及语境理解。五年后,他仍然为A增添单词。already已经;still仍然,usually 通常,always总是。
10. C 【解析】考查连词及语境理解。他从事字典编撰工作一直到老。if如果;because因为;until直到;since自从。
V. 选词填空
【文章大意】朋友对我们来说是很重要的,那么怎样才能交到朋友呢?在这篇短文里,作者给了我们一些很好的建议。
1. important 【解析】句意:我们都知道朋友对我们来说是很重要的。importance名词,重要性。这个空前are是be动词的形式,后面跟形容词,故填important。
2. to meet 【解析】句意:首先,如果你想交朋友,你需要出去见人。meet遇见,相见,是一个动词。这里用动词不定式形式,在句中做目的状语,为了……。故填to meet。
3. playing 【解析】句意:当你在家玩电脑游戏的时候,友谊不会来敲你的门。play玩,是一个动词。根据句意可知,这句话表示正在发生的动作,应使用现在进行时态,空前有are,这里应填现在分词playing。
5. interests 【解析】句意:第二,为了和别人交朋友,你不一定要跟他们有很多相同的兴趣。interest兴趣,在这里是一个名词,因为空前有a lot of,故这里填名词的复数形式,interests。
6. best 【解析】句意:事实上,一些最好的友谊是在两个根本没有很多共同之处的人之间产生的。good好的,是一个形容词。空前有定冠词the,这里应使用最高级形式,表示最好的友谊,故填best。
7. quieter 【解析】句意:尽管他比你更内向,你们也可以互相帮助。quiet安静的,内向的,与上文If you are outgoing是相对的。根据句意和句中的than可知在,这里应填形容词的比较级,quieter。
8. to do 【解析】句意:第三,你应该经常邀请你的朋友去和你一起做很多事情。do做,是一个实义动词。这句话中使用的句型是invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人去做某事,故填动词不定式to do。
9. movies 【解析】句意:例如,你可以邀请你的朋友去看电影或者是和你一起去听音乐会。movie电影,是一个名词。go to the movies是固定短语,去看电影。故填movies。
10. friends’ 【解析】句意:你也应该去参加你的朋友们的聚会。friend朋友,是一个名词。根据句意可知,这里应填名词所有格形式,表示朋友的……,而且根据下句话Soon you will find you and your friends,朋友是复数形式,故应填friends’,朋友们的。
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