2022届重庆实验外国语中学高三上学期开学考试英语试题含解析

这是一份2022届重庆实验外国语中学高三上学期开学考试英语试题含解析，共20页。试卷主要包含了 选择题的作答， 非选择题的作答， 15， B等内容，欢迎下载使用。

注意事项：
1. 答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2. 选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3. 非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
第Ⅰ卷 选择题部分
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分20分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：Hw much is the shirt?
A. £19. 15. B. £9. 18. C. £9. 15
答案是C。
1. Why did the wman g t Mallrca?
A. T teach Spanish. B. T lk fr a jb. C. T see a friend.
2. What des the man ask the wman t d?
A. Take him t hspital.
B. G t a class with him.
C. Submit a reprt fr him.
3. Wh will lk after the children?
A. Jennifer. B. Suzy. C. Marie.
4. What are the speakers ging t d?
A. Drive hme. B. G shpping. C. Eat ut.
5. What are the speakers talking abut?
A. Hw t fry fish.
B. Hw t make cffee.
C. Hw t remve a bad smell.
第二节 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. When des Gmez watch a ftball game n TV?
A. When he fails t get a ticket.
B. When the stadium is crwded.
C. When his friends are t busy.
7. Hw much did Gmez pay fr the ftball game last time?
A. $20. B. $25. C. $50.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What did Alex d in the afternn?
A. He had a walk. B. He went hunting. C. He planted trees.
9. What did Alex bring back?
A. Flwers. B. Leaves. C. Bks.
10. What was Bb ding when Alex saw him?
A. Fishing. B. Taking pictures. C. Swimming.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What did David d n his mst recent hliday?
A. He had a bat trip.
B. He tk a balln flight.
C. He climbed a muntain.
12. What is n David’s list?
A. Gifts he needed t buy.
B. Things he wished t d.
C. Dates he had t remember.
13 Where des the wman suggest David g fr his next hliday?
A. Australia. B. Califrnia. C. The Amazn.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. Why did Sarah make the phne call?
A. T ask a favr. B. T pass n a message. C. T make an appintment.
15. Where is Sarah nw?
A. In Brightn. B. At her hme. C. At the Sheltn Htel.
16. What time is Michael leaving his place tmrrw mrning?
A. At 7:40. B. At 8:00. C. At 8:20.
17. What is the prbable relatinship between Jhn and Sarah?
A. Neighbrs. B. Fellw wrkers. C. Husband and wife.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. What d mst peple think is very imprtant in spken cmmunicatin?
A. Prnunciatin. B. Vcabulary. C. Grammar.
19. Why shuld yu listen t experts accrding t the speaker?
A. T develp yur reading fluency.
B. T imprve yur nte-taking skills.
C. T find ut yur misprnunciatins.
20 What is the speaker’s last suggestin?
A. Spell ut the difficult wrds.
B. Check the wrds in a dictinary.
C. Practice reading the wrds alud.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A，B，C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Many f the mst striking beasts n the planet cme in nly tw clrs: black and white. These high-cntrast markings represent sme f the nature's mst diverse evlutinary chices. Fr sme animals, black -and- white clring is a way t warn ff natural enemies. Fr thers, t keep insects away. Fr still thers, it creates a clever cver. Spend sme time explring what science has discvered abut these animals’ appearances, and yu will see that basic black and white isn't s basic after all.
Skunk(臭鼬)
Depending n the species, black skunks may wear white spts that act as a cver r white stripes that signal enemies t watch ut fr their smelly spray.
Giant Panda
Recent insights int panda clring have cme frm studying each bdy part separately. Black ears indicate fierceness, and distinct eye patches aid in individual recgnitin. The panda in white bdy hides it against snw, while its dark limbs keep it frm being sptted in frests, a cmprmise develped frm its pr bamb diet: Bamb desn’t let pandas build up enugh fat t hibernate, frcing them t spend winters in the snw.
Badger
Even when a badger is in its cave, its facial stripes can be seen, Zlgists say the warning clratin helps the small animal prevent natural enemies.
Blackbuck(male)
In bright sun, the buck’s white stmach reduces the effect f the shadw cast by his back, allwing him t appear ne clr and tw dimensinal—especially hiding frm natural enemies in his wn shadw.
1. Which animals can use their clr t warn ff natural enemies?
A. Skunk and Badger.B. Giant panda and Zebra.
C. Badger and Blackbuck.D. Zebra and Blackbuck.
2. White bdy and dark limbs help the giant panda t ________.
A. shw fiercenessB. stre fatC. recgnize individualsD. take cver
3. In which sectin f a magazine will this passage appear?
A. Scial Life.B. Nutritius Diets.C. Animal Facts.D. Fashin Trend.
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四种只有黑白两种颜色的动物的知识。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Skunk(臭鼬)Depending n the species, black skunks may wear white spts that act as a cver r white stripes that signal enemies t watch ut fr their smelly spray.(臭鼬 根据种类的不同，黑色臭鼬身上可能会有白色斑点作为掩护，也可能会有白色条纹，提醒敌人注意它们散发的臭味)”以及倒数第二段“Badger Even when a badger is in its cave, its facial stripes can be seen, Zlgists say the warning clratin helps the small animal prevent natural enemies.(獾 即使獾在洞穴里，也能看到它脸上的条纹。动物学家说，这种警示色有助于小动物抵御天敌)”可知，臭鼬和獾可以用自己的颜色来警告天敌。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Giant Panda The panda in white bdy hides it against snw, while its dark limbs keep it frm being sptted in frests, a cmprmise develped frm its pr bamb diet: Bamb desn’t let pandas build up enugh fat t hibernate, frcing them t spend winters in the snw.(大熊猫 白色的身体可以让熊猫在雪地里躲藏起来，而黑色的四肢可以让它在森林里不被发现，这是由于熊猫吃的竹子少而形成的折衷：竹子不能让熊猫积累足够的脂肪来冬眠，迫使它们在雪地里过冬)”可知，白色的身体和黑色的四肢帮助大熊猫寻找掩护。故选D。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Many f the mst striking beasts n the planet cme in nly tw clrs: black and white. These high-cntrast markings represent sme f the nature's mst diverse evlutinary chices. Fr sme animals, black -and- white clring is a way t warn ff natural enemies. Fr thers, t keep insects away. Fr still thers, it creates a clever cver. Spend sme time explring what science has discvered abut these animals’ appearances, and yu will see that basic black and white isn't s basic after all.(地球上许多最引人注目的动物只有两种颜色：黑色和白色。这些高对比度的标记代表了自然界最多样化的进化选择。对于一些动物来说，黑白两色是一种警告天敌的方式。对其他动物来说，是为了驱走昆虫。对于另外一些动物来说，这是一个巧妙的掩护。花些时间探索科学对这些动物外表的发现，你会发现基本的黑白不是那么简单)”结合文章主要介绍了四种只有黑白两种颜色的动物的知识。可推知，文章可能出现在报纸的“动物知识”版面。故选C。
B
When almst everyne has a mbile phne, why are mre than half f Australian hmes still paying fr a landline (座机)?
These days yu’d be hard pressed t find anyne in Australia ver the age f 15 wh desn’t wn a mbile phne. In fact, plenty f yunger kids have ne in their pcket. Practically everyne can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent f Australians have a landline phne at hme and nly just ver a quarter (29%) rely nly n their smart phnes, accrding t a survey. Of thse Australians wh still have a landline, a third admit that it’s nt really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case f emergencies. I think my hme falls int that categry.
Mre than half f Australian hmes are still chsing t stick with their hme phne. Age is naturally a factr — nly 58 percent f Generatin Ys(peple brn in r after 1980) still use landlines nw and then, cmpared t 84 percent f Baby Bmers (peple brn between 1946 and 1964) wh’ve perhaps had the same hme number fr 50 years. Age isn’t the nly factr; I’d say it’s als t d with the makeup f yur husehld.
Generatin Xers (peple brn between 1965 and 1980) with yung families, like my wife and I, can still find it cnvenient t have a hme phne rather than prviding a mbile phne fr every family member. That said, t be hnest the nly peple wh ever ring ur hme phne are ur Baby Bmers parents, t the pint where we play a game and guess wh is calling befre we pick up the phne (using Caller ID wuld take the fun ut f it).
Hw attached are yu t yur landline? Hw lng until they g the way f gas street lamps and mrning milk deliveries?
4. What des paragraph 2 mainly tell us abut mbile phnes?
A. Their target users.B. Their wide ppularity.
C. Their majr functins.D. Their cmplex design.
5. What can we say abut Baby Bmers?
A. They like smart phne games.B. They enjy guessing callers’ identity.
C. They keep using landline phnes.D. They are attached t their family.
6. Accrding t paragraph 4, what is the main reasn fr Australian families t keep their landline?
A. Users' age.B. Cnvenience.C. Husehld decratin.D. Mbility.
7. What can be inferred abut the landline frm the last paragraph?
A. It remains a family necessity.B. It is as imprtant as the gas light.
C. It may increase daily expenses.D. It will fall ut f use sme day.
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚使用固定电话的情况，并且表达了固定电话是非必需品的观点。
【4题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“These days yu'd be hard pressed t find anyne in Australia ver the age f 15 wh desn't wn a mbile phne. In fact plenty f yunger kids have ne in their pcket. Practically everyne can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime. (现在你很难在澳大利亚找到15岁以上的没有手机的人。事实上，很多年幼的孩子口袋里都有手机。几乎每个人都可以随时随地拨打和接听电话)”可知，本段主要说明手机在澳大利亚广受欢迎。故选B。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“84 percent f Baby Bmers wh've perhaps had the same hme number fr 50 years.(84%的婴儿潮时期出生的人可能50年来都有相同的家庭号码)”以及第五段“That said, t be hnest the nly peple wh ever ring ur hme phne are ur Baby Bmers parents (也就是说，老实说，唯一打过我们家电话的人是婴儿潮一代的父母)”可推知，婴儿潮时代的人一直用固定电话。故选C。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Mre than half f Australian hmes are still chsing t stick with their hme phne. Age is naturally a factr — nly 58 percent f Generatin Ys(peple brn in r after 1980) still use landlines nw and then, cmpared t 84 percent f Baby Bmers (peple brn between 1946 and 1964) wh’ve perhaps had the same hme number fr 50 years.(超过一半的澳大利亚家庭仍然选择使用家里的电话。年龄是一个自然的因素——只有58%的Y一代（出生于1980年或之后）仍然使用固定电话，相比之下，84%的婴儿潮一代（出生于1946年至1964年）可能使用相同的家庭电话长达50年)”可知，澳大利亚家庭保留座机的主要原因是用户的年龄大了。故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Hw attached are yu t yur landline? Hw lng until they g the way f gas street lamps and mrning milk deliveries? (你有多喜欢你的座机？它们还要多久才能走上煤气路灯和早晨送牛奶的道路？)”可推知，本段使用类比的方式，使用煤气路灯以及早晨送牛奶已经被淘汰的例子，侧面说明了固定电话总有一天会被淘汰。故选D。
C
When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl (水禽) were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage f the Migratry Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly cncerned natin tk firm actin t stp the destructin f migratry (迁徙的) waterfwl and the wetlands s vital t their survival. Under this Act, all waterfwl hunters 16 years f age and ver must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a plitical cartnist frm Des Mines, Iwa, wh at that time was appinted by President Franklin Rsevelt as Directr f the Bureau f Bilgical Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price t ensure the survival f ur natural resurces.
Abut 98 cents f every duck stamp dllar ges directly int the Migratry Bird Cnservatin Fund t purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat fr inclusin int the Natinal Wildlife Refuge System—a fact that ensures this land will be prtected and available fr all generatins t cme. Since 1934, better than half a billin dllars has gne int that Fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat. Little wnder the Federal Duck Stamp Prgram has been called ne f the mst successful cnservatin prgrams ever initiated.
8. What was a cause f the waterfwl ppulatin decline in Nrth America?
A. Lss f wetlands.B. Ppularity f water sprts.
C. Pllutin f rivers.D. Arrival f ther wild animals.
9. What des the underlined wrd “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Acquire.B. Exprt.
C. Destry.D. Distribute.
10. What is a direct result f the Act passed in 1934?
A. The stamp price has gne dwn.
B. The migratry birds have flwn away.
C. The hunters have stpped hunting.
D. The gvernment has cllected mney.
11. What’s the writer’s attitude twards Migratry Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act)?
A. Negative.B. Psitive.
C. Indifferent.D. Unknwn.
【答案】8. A 9. C 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了美国联邦鸭邮票的诞生背景、具体内容和影响。由于之前不恰当的发展导致了美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了联邦鸭邮票，狩猎者只有购买了该邮票才能狩猎，而邮票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段末尾内容“Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat.(数百万英亩的湿地干涸，为不断增长的人口提供食物和住房，大大减少了水禽的栖息地)”可知，由于湿地的干涸减少，水禽失去了栖息地，这是水禽数量减少的一个原因。故选A项。
【9题详解】
词义猜测题。分析划线单词句可知，句中“Unfrtunately”意为“不幸的是”，表达与前文之间的转折对比关系。根据前文“Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely.(美洲原住民明智地保护了这些宝贵的自然资源)”可知，美洲原住民保护了资源，因此“Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces.”应是表达相反含义，即，探险家和外来定居者破坏了这些资源。因此可推知，“decimate”应是“破坏；毁坏”含义。故选C项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“Under this Act, all waterfwl hunters 16 years f age and ver must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp.(根据这项法案，所有16岁及以上的水禽猎人必须每年购买并携带联邦鸭章)”可知，法案要求水禽猎人需要购买并携带一枚联邦鸭邮票，且结合第三段内容“Abut 98 cents f every duck stamp dllar ges directly int the Migratry Bird Cnservatin Fund t purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat fr inclusin int the Natinal Wildlife Refuge System—a fact that ensures this land will be prtected and available fr all generatins t cme.(每一美元的鸭邮票中，约有98美分将直接进入候鸟保护基金，用于购买湿地和野生动物栖息地，将其纳入国家野生动物保护区系统——这一事实确保了这片土地将受到保护，并供子孙后代使用)”可知，由水禽猎人购买联邦鸭邮票而得来的钱中的大部分直接进入候鸟保护基金，用于购买湿地和野生动物栖息地，将其纳入国家野生动物保护区系统。由此可知，通过1934年的法案，美国政府发行联邦鸭邮票，其直接后果是政府获得了大量资金。故选D项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章末尾段末句内容“Little wnder the Federal Duck Stamp Prgram has been called ne f the mst successful cnservatin prgrams ever initiated.(难怪联邦鸭邮票计划被称为有史以来最成功的保护计划之一)”可知，作者用褒义词短语“ne f the mst successful”来描述该法案，由此可推知，作者对其抱有积极乐观的正面态度。故选B项。
D
Wh is a genius? This questin has greatly interested humankind fr centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almst the internatinal symbl fr genius. But we want t g beynd ne man and explre the nature f genius itself. Why is it that sme peple are s much mre intelligent r creative than the rest f us? And wh are they?
In the sciences and arts, thse praised as geniuses were mst ften white men, f Eurpean rigin. Perhaps this is nt a surprise. It's said that histry is written by the victrs, and thse victrs set the standards fr admissin t the genius club. When cntributins were made by geniuses utside the club—wmen, r peple f a different clr r belief—they were unacknwledged and rejected by thers.
A study recently published by Science fund that as yung as age six, girls are less likely than bys t say that members f their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even wrse, the study fund that girls act n that belief: Arund age six they start t avid activities said t be fr children wh are “really, really smart.” Can ur planet affrd t have any great thinkers becme discuraged and give up? It desn't take a genius t knw the answer: abslutely nt.
Here's the gd news. In a wired wrld with cnstant glbal cmmunicatin, we're all psitined t see flashes f genius wherever they appear. And the mre we lk, the mre we will see that scial factrs(因素)like gender, race, and class d nt determine the appearance f genius. As a writer says, future geniuses cme frm thse with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple gd frtune, wh are able t change the wrld.”
12. What des the authr think f victrs' standards fr jining the genius club?
A. They're unfair.B. They're cnservative.
C They're bjective.D. They're strict.
13. What can we infer abut girls frm the study in Science?
A. They think themselves smart.
B. They lk up t great thinkers.
C. They see gender differences earlier than bys.
D. They are likely t be influenced by scial beliefs
14. Why are mre geniuses knwn t the public?
A. Imprved glbal cmmunicatin.
B. Less discriminatin against wmen.
C. Acceptance f victrs' cncepts.
D. Changes in peple's scial psitins.
15. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Geniuses Think AlikeB. Genius Takes Many Frms
C. Genius and IntelligenceD. Genius and Luck
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. A 15. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章由问题“谁是天才？”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上“天才”有很多种形式，不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的“It is said that histry is written by victrs, and thse victrs set the standards fr admissin t the genius club. When cntributins were made by geniuses utside the club-wmen, r peple f a different clr r belief-they were unacknwledged and rejected by thers.( 据说历史是由胜利者书写的，而那些胜利者为进入天才俱乐部设定了标准。当俱乐部以外的天才——女性或不同肤色或信仰的人——做出贡献时，他们不会被承认并且被其他人拒绝)”可推知，作者认为那些“胜利者”对进入“天才俱乐部”设置的标准是不公平的，因为女性或者不同肤色或信仰的人做出的成就是得不到承认的。故选A。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段的“Even wrse, the study fund that girls act n that belief. Arund age six they start t avid activities said t be fr children wh are “really, really smart.”(更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩们是按照这个信念行事的。六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是“非常非常聪明”的孩子参加的活动)”可推知，女孩容易受到社会信仰的影响，认为自己在六岁左右就不适合做“聪明孩子”做的事情。故选D。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“In a wired wrld with cnstant glbal cmmunicatin, we’re all psitined t see flashes f genius wherever they appear.( 在一个全球通讯不断的有线世界里，我们随时随地都能看到天才的闪现)”可知，进步的全球通讯让更多的天才被公众所知道。故选A。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，结合文章第一段提出问题“Wh is a genius?（谁是天才）”和最后一段的“As a writer says, future geniuses cme frm thse with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance, and simple geniuses, wh are able t change the wrld.”(正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些具有“智慧、创造力、毅力和那些能够改变世界的简单天才。”)”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大贡献的人，他们也可以是某一方面比较突出的普通人。由此可知B项“天才有多种形式”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B。
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Flds can strike quickly and with little warning in many parts f the wrld. Surviving a fld is a cmbinatin f preparatin and apprpriate actin as sn as the disaster begins. ____16____
1. Make a fld survival plan.
____17____Pick several meeting spts in case yu need t leave hme, such as a friend’s hme in a safe twn r a shelter in yur area. Make sure everyne in the family knws where these lcatins are and hw t get there thrugh high grund.
2. Escape fld waters.
When emergency services tell yu t leave, listen t their instructins. Yu may have nly a shrt time t escape, s act quickly, using yur planned rute.
Mve t higher grund away frm water. Whether yu are n ft r have t abandn yur car, higher grund is yur best ptin. If yu’re stuck at hme, head fr the rf if yu can d s safely.
Avid crssing thrugh water. Water up t yur ankles is enugh t be dangerus. When yu’re in dubt abut the water depth, dn’t risk it. ____18____Use it t measure the water’s depth and feel fr stable grund.
3. Fllw news and warning.
Flding infrmatin can be fund n yur lcal news r weather statin’s TV channel r website. ____19____Or, listen t lcal radi statins fr regular updates.
4. ____20____
On the way hme, watch ut fr damaged areas. Stay ff bridges. The sil under usual rutes will be muddy and less able t supprt the weight f vehicles. Find alternate rutes ver high grund r wait fr the authrities t indicate which rads are safe.
A. Return hme after a fld.
B. Prtect yur hme during a fld.
C. If yu have t g thrugh water, bring a stick.
D. Sit dwn with yur family t establish a plan f actin.
E. Yu shuld tune in t mnitr changes in the weather.
F. If yur car gets stuck in water, pen r break the windws.
G. Here are sme tips t help yu and yur family survive a fld.
【答案】16. G 17. D 18. C 19. E 20. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四种帮助你和你的家人在洪水中生存的建议。
【16题详解】
根据前文“Surviving a fld is a cmbinatin f preparatin and apprpriate actin as sn as the disaster begins. （在洪水中生存是准备工作和灾难一开始就采取适当行动的结合。）”且位于第一段结尾是为了引出下文在洪水中生存的方法。G选项“Here are sme tips t help yu and yur family survive a fld.（这里有一些帮助你和你的家人在洪水中生存的建议。）”符合题意，统领下文。故选G。
【17题详解】
根据本段小标题“Make a fld survival plan.（制定一个洪水求生计划。）”可知，下文讲述的是与制定求生计划有关。D选项“Sit dwn with yur family t establish a plan f actin.（和你的家人坐下来制定一个行动计划。）”符合题意，故选D。
【18题详解】
根据后文“Use it t measure the water’s depth and feel fr stable grund.（用它来测量水的深度，并感觉地面是否稳定。）”可知，这里的it指的是棍子。C选项“If yu have t g thrugh water, bring a stick.（如果你必须穿过水，带一根棍子。）”符合题意，故选C。
【19题详解】
根据本段小标题“Fllw news and warning.（关注新闻和警告。）”可知，本段讲述的方法是要关注天气预报的相关新闻报道。E选项“Yu shuld tune in t mnitr changes in the weather.（你应该收看天气预报。）”符合题意，故选E。
【20题详解】
根据下文“On the way hme, watch ut fr damaged areas.（在回家的路上，注意受损区域。）”可知，本段是讲述洪水过后回家要注意的点。A选项“Return hme after a fld.（洪水过后回家。）”符合题意，为短文的小标题。故选A。
第三部分 语言知识运用（满分30分）
第一节 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. Our aim was t see if we culd live, in sme way, like real Parisians. S the first thing we did was ___21___ a fantastically expensive sixth-flr apartment the ___22___ f a cupbard. It was s tiny that we had t leave ur suitcases in the hallway.
The place wasn’t ___23___ authentic, thugh. Unlike a ___24___ Parisian apartment, the plumbing (水管) wrked. There was a nice kitchen and a ____25____ bed. Our ____26____ even had a tiny lift with a female vice that said perfect French.
Parisians are different frm yu and me. They never lk lazy r untidy. As smene nce ____27____, they eat great fd and never gain ____28____. The fd is s delicius that yu dn’t need much f it t be happy. French strawberries d nt taste like cardbard. Instead, they ____29____ in yur muth like little flavr bmbs. That’s nt the nly reasn why the French eat less than us. On ur first mrning in Paris, I went t the fd market t _____30_____ sme grceries. I bught a handful f perfectly ripe strawberries and a little sweet meln. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cst $18!
In France, _____31_____ f life is much mre imprtant than efficiency. Yu can tell this by cafés life. French cafés are always _____32_____. Many custmers are lcals. When d these peple _____33_____? The French take their 35-hur wrkweek seriusly — s seriusly that sme labr unins recently _____34_____ a deal with a grup f cmpanies _____35_____ the number f hurs that independent cntractrs(承包商) can be n call.
21. A. rentB. purchaseC. letD. visit
22. A. shapeB. lengthC. priceD. size
23. A. slightlyB. entirelyC. abslutelyD. extremely
24. A. regularB. ppularC. nrmalD. famed
25. A. wdenB. hugeC. cmfrtableD. strange
26. A. cmmunityB. neighbrhdC. apartmentD. building
27. A. thughtB. ntedC. discussedD. debated
28. A. cnfidenceB. weightC. reputatinD. truble
29. A. expldeB. settleC. jgD. expand
30. A. pack upB. pass nC. pick upD. deal with
31. A. qualityB. styleC. chiceD. lcatin
32. A. disturbedB. surrundedC. interruptedD. crwded
33. A. restB. wrkC. relaxD. leave
34. A. struckB. ruinedC. expectedD. appreciated
35. A. increasingB. addingC. limitingD. reducing
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. C 26. D 27. B 28. B 29. A 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. A 35. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者和丈夫在法国待了一段时间了解到的法国人的一些生活习惯。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以我们做的第一件事就是租了一间非常昂贵的六层公寓，有碗橱那么大。A. rent租赁；B. purchase 购买；C. let 让； D. visit 访问；参观。根据下文“a fantastically expensive sixth-flr apartment”及上文“My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.”可推知此处指租赁一个公寓。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以我们做的第一件事就是租了一间非常昂贵的六层公寓，有碗橱那么大。A. shape形状；B. length长度；C. price价格；D. size尺寸。根据下文“It was s tiny”可知此处指公寓的尺寸。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：不过，这个地方并不完全真实。A. slightly轻微地；纤细地；B. entirely完全地；C. abslutely 绝对地；D. extremely及其地。根据下文“Unlike a ___4___ Parisian apartment, the plumbing (水管) wrked.”及语境可知此处指这个地方与一般的巴黎公寓不同，并不完全真实。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与普通的巴黎公寓不同，这里的管道还能用。A. regular有规律的；B. ppular流行的；受欢迎的；C. nrmal普通的；正常的；D. famed著名的。根据上文“The place wasn’t ___3___ authentic, thugh.”及本段的内容可知此处把这个小公寓和巴黎普通的公寓作比较。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有一个漂亮的厨房和一张舒适的床。A. wden木头的；B. huge巨大的；C. cmfrtable舒服的；D. strange奇怪的。根据上文“There was a nice kitchen”及语境可知此处指一张舒服的床。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的大楼里甚至有一个小电梯，里面有一个女人的声音说着完美的法语。A. cmmunity社区；B. neighbrhd街坊；C. apartment 公寓；D. building建筑；大楼。根据上文“Parisian apartment” 可知此处指我们的大楼。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如有人曾经指出的，他们吃的食物很好，而且从不增重。A. thught 思考；B. nted记录；指出；C. discusse讨论；D. debated争论。 根据语境可知此处指有人曾经指出（发现）他们吃的食物好，从不增重。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：正如有人曾经指出的，他们吃的食物很好，而且从不增重。A. cnfidence信心；B. weight 体重；重量；C. reputatin名声；名誉；D. truble麻烦。根据前文“they eat great fd and never gain”可知此处指增加体重。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：相反，它们会像味道炸弹一样在你嘴里爆炸。A. explde爆炸；B. settle解决；C. jg慢跑；D. expand扩张。根据下文“like little flavr bmbs.”可知此处指像炸弹一样爆炸。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：在我们到达巴黎的第一天早上，我去菜市场买了一些杂货。A. pack up打包；B. pass n传递；C. pick up捡起；挑选；接某人；D. deal with处理。根据下文“sme grceries.”及谓语与宾语语义上的合理搭配可知此处指挑选购买一些杂货。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在法国，生活质量比效率重要得多。A. quality品质；质量；B. style风格；C. chice选择；D. lcatin位置；地点。根据语境及上下文作者对法国生活细节的描述可知此处指生活品质。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查过去分词词义辨析。句意：法国的咖啡馆总是很拥挤。A. disturbed干扰；B. surrunded围绕；C. interrupted 打断；中段；D. crwded拥挤。根据下文“Many custmers are lcals.”可知此处指法国的咖啡馆总是很拥挤。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些人什么时候工作?A. rest休息；B. wrk工作；C. relax休息； D. leave离开。根据下文“The French take their 35-hur wrkweek seriusly”可知此处指这些经常去咖啡馆的人什么时候工作。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：法国人非常重视每周35小时的工作时间，以至于一些工会最近与一些公司达成协议，限制独立合同工随叫随到的工作时间。A. struck罢工；打击；B. ruined毁灭；C. expected期望；D. appreciated欣赏；感激。strike a deal是一个固定短语，意为：交易；达成一致。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查现在分词词义辨析。句意：法国人非常重视每周35小时的工作时间，以至于一些工会最近与一些公司达成协议，限制独立合同工随叫随到的工作时间。A. increasing增加；B. adding增加；C. limiting限制；D. reducing减少。根据下文“the number f hurs that independent cntractrs(承包商) can be n call.”及动词与宾语语义上的合理搭配可知此处指限制独立合同工随叫随到的工作时间。故选C。
第Ⅱ卷 非选择题部分
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Silk Rad was an ancient system f trade rutes that linked the East t the West. Fr several centuries, it was an utstanding netwrk ____36____ (include) rutes bth n the land and ceans. It stretched frm East Asia, Sutheast Asia, East Africa, West Africa, and Suthern Eurpe.
The Silk Rad was nt given its name fr nthing. During its time f use, silk was a highly prfitable prduct alng its rutes. Silk, yu can say, weaved tgether these many regins in terms f business and even ____37____ (culture) exchange. Hwever, the name ____38____ (it) was nt cined until the 19th century by Ferdinand vn Richthfen. He made the term during his several ____39____ (jurney) t China frm 1868 t 1872. Despite this, the term was nt made knwn ____40____ the academic wrld until the 20th century, ____41____ gegrapher Sven Hedin wrte a bk ____42____ (title) “The Silk Rad” in 1938. And ____43____ (final), after the fall f the Sviet Unin, academics in that regin became invlved increasingly in the study f the trade rutes f Central Asia.
___44___ histry f the Silk Rad is f glbal significance. In mdern times, the ld Silk Rad rutes are still used, but nw they ____45____ (crss) by trains instead f camels and hrses.
【答案】36. including
37. cultural
38. itself 39. jurneys
40. t 41. when
42. titled 43. finally
44. The 45. are crssed
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了丝绸之路的历史。
【36题详解】
考查现在分词。分析句子可知，此处用非谓语动词，netwrk和include之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。故填including。
【37题详解】
考查形容词。此处修饰名词exchange，需用形容词形式。故填cultural。
【38题详解】
考查反身代词。此处指代主语the name，需用反身代词。故填itself。
【39题详解】
考查名词的数。根据several+可数名词复数 可知，此处应用jurney的复数形式。故填jurneys。
【40题详解】
考查介词。根据固定搭配be knwn t…为……所熟知，可知此处应用介词t。故填t。
【41题详解】
考查关系副词。分析句子可知，此处是定语从句, 先行词the 20th century在从句____6____ gegrapher Sven Hedin wrte a bk ____7____ (title) “The Silk Rad” in 1938.中作状语，因此用when引导。故填when。
【42题详解】
考查过去分词。分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词，逻辑主语title与bk之间动宾关系，故用过去分词。故现titled。
【43题详解】
考查副词。此处作时间状语，需用副词形式。故填finally。
【44题详解】
考查冠词。此处是特指丝绸之路的历史，故用定冠词。故填the。
【45题详解】
考查时态语态。由nw判断本句为一般现在时，they与crss之间为被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，主语they是复数，故用are dne。故填are crssed。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华，你负责的英语俱乐部拟在新学期开学之际组织主题为“Stay ut f the pandemic and enjy a safe life”的抗疫及自我保护培训课程。请你用英语写一则通知，内容包括：
1. 时间和地点；
2. 培训内容(观看关于抗疫短片，专家教授自我保护技巧等)；
3. 培训课的意义。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Ntice
With the new term appraching, the English club plans t rganize a training class, whse theme is “Stay ut f the pandemic and enjy a safe life”.
As is scheduled, it will be given in the schl lecture hall frm 4：00 pm t 5：00 pm next Wednesday. At the beginning f the class, a shrt film will be shwn, helping us students knw hw the pandemic spreads and what harm it will cause. After that, an expert will give a lecture n hw t avid infectin. Then under his prfessinal guidance, we will learn hw t prtect urselves. By attending the class, nt nly will we master sme basic and practical skills, but als we will raise ur awareness f safety and try t keep away frm the pandemic.
The training class will definitely prve t be a useful experience. Thse wh are interested are welcme t it!
The Schl English Club
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给美国笔友 Peter写封信，介绍今天参加的一个关于因特网的优劣的辩论会。
【详解】1.词汇积累
靠近：apprach →cme near
帮助：help →assist
上课：attend class →take class
肯定地：definitely →certainly
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：With the new term appraching, the English club plans t rganize a training class.
拓展句：As the new term is appraching, the English club plans t rganize a training class.
【点睛】[高分句型1] As is scheduled, it will be given in the schl lecture hall frm 4：00 pm t 5：00 pm next Wednesday. (这句话运用了as引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2]By attending the class, nt nly will we master sme basic and practical skills, but als we will raise ur awareness f safety and try t keep away frm the pandemic. (这句话运用了部分倒装结构)
第二节 （满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段内容，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数为150左右。
Bales left the pavement f Base Rad and stepped nt snw-cvered Jewell Trail. She planned a six-hur hike thrugh New Hampshire’s Munt Washingtn State Park. She had packed fr almst every emergency and intended t walk alne.
She’d checked the weather frecast psted by the Munt Washingtn Observatry befre she left. Based n her experience, Bales knew that her hike was realistic. Besides, she had tw emergency plans and extra layers f clthing t better adjust her bdy temperature as cnditins changed.
The hike up the lwer part f Jewell Trail was pleasant. Bales felt excited as she walked up int snwy paths. The sun shne thrugh the trees and cast a shadw ver her smiling face. Less than an hur later, lads f dark cluds had replaced the sunshine, and snw cvered the surrunding trees.
She still smiled. Hwever, the weather was shwing its teeth. Bales added even mre layers t shelter herself frm the cld winds and thick fg. She made her way acrss the snw-cvered ridge (山脊tward Munt Washingtn and began t think abut calling it a day. Suddenly, she nticed smething: a single set f ftprints in the snw ahead f her, which had been made by a pair f sneakers-typically nt the type fr hiking.
Meanwhile, Bales was getting clder, even thugh she was mving fast and generating sme bdy heat. With strng gusts f wind screaming and attacking her back and left side, she decided t abandn her plan. The nly thing, hwever, kept her n the trail was the sneaker tracks in the snw.
Paragraph 1:
Bales faced a dilemma abut whether t fllw the tracks r nt.
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Paragraph 2:
Her searching nw turned int rescuing the man.
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【答案】Paragraph 1:
Bales faced a dilemma abut whether t fllw the tracks r nt. If she chse t fllw the tracks, she’d add time and risk t her hiking. But the tracks ahead suggested smene might be in danger. She culdn’t let this g. She called ut int the frzen fg, “Is anybdy ut there? D yu need help?” The strng winds carried her vice away. Then she walked cautiusly in the directin f the tracks. She runded a crner and sptted a man sitting mtinlessly.
Paragraph 2:
Her searching nw turned int rescuing the man. She apprached him instantly and fund he was suffering frm frstbite n his feet. Withut any hesitatin, she cvered his bdy with warm clthes, and then pured him sme sugary drink. The wind rared ver and they wuld die sn if they didn’t get ut f there. She supprted the man and inched alng the trail. With great effrts, Bales managed t save the man’s life. Exhausted, she felt that it was all wrth it.
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达考查读后续写。
【详解】1.认真读懂所给提供的材料：通过文章描述可知，Bales是一个很有经验的远足者。她计划在新罕布什尔州的华盛顿山州立公园徒步旅行6个小时。当她穿过白雪覆盖的山脊向华盛顿山走去时，突然，她注意到一件事：她前面的雪地上有一串脚印，是一双运动鞋留下的——通常不适合徒步旅行。狂风呼啸着袭击她的背部和左侧，她决定放弃她的计划。然而，唯一能让她坚持下去的是雪地上的运动鞋留下的痕迹。
2.续写部分和前面的文章要衔接得当，并且与原文情节发展和人物性格相一致，故事情节的向后延续发展要合乎情理。
3.根据第一段首句Bales faced a dilemma abut whether t fllw the tracks r nt.( Bales面临着是否跟随这些足迹的两难境地)及第二段首句Her searching nw turned int rescuing the man.(她的搜寻现在变成了营救那个人)，第一段可以描写Bales面临两难境地时的思想斗争和最终确定去搜寻那个人。第二段则可以描述Bales搜寻到了那个人，那个人应该身处困境，所以她对他展开了营救。
4.续写的语言要尽可能与原文的语言保持风格上的一致。文章时态以一般过去时为主。应使用自己熟悉的句型和短语进行写作，考生要注意尽可能使句子的表达形式多样化，适当的使用一些高级句式和高级词汇，以提高书面表达的档次和可读性。作文要层次清晰，要点全面，表达流畅，切合题干要求，句子结构准确，适当补充信息，使篇章结构连贯。
【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如条件状语从句If she chse t fllw the tracks, she’d add time and risk t her hiking.非谓语动词She runded a crner and sptted a man sitting mtinlessly.形容词做状语Exhausted, she felt that it was all wrth it.全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。