（新人教版）浙江专用2022版高三一轮复习选修8Unit2Cloning学案（教师版）

（新人教版）浙江专用2022版高三一轮复习选修8Unit2Cloning学案

Ⅰ. 细品味经典文章

(2020·浙江高考)

　　Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking,  planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age,  a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests.

Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1, 000 retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers’ memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests. Then,  for eight years,  the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months to take the same sorts of tests.

Those who had held mentally stimulating (刺激) ,  demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests. And they tended to lose cognitive (认知) function at a much slower rate than those with the least mentally challenging jobs. The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants’ overall health status.

“This works just like physical exercise, ” says Francisca Then,  who led the study. “After a long run,  you may feel like you’re in pain,  you may feel tired. But it makes you fit. After a long day at work—sure,  you will feel tired,  but it can help your brain stay healthy. ”

It’s not just corporate jobs,  or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit,  Then points out. A waiter’s job,  for example,  that requires multitasking,  teamwork and decision-making could be just as stimulating as any high-level office work. And “running a family household requires high-level planning and coordinating (协调), ” she says.  “You have to organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries. ”

Of course,  our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons including other environmental influences or genetic factors. Still,  continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only help.

Ⅱ. 按要求完成任务

1. 写出文章中与本单元话题有关的单词和短语。

analytical thinking,  mentally stimulating,  cognitive,  physical exercise,  multitasking,  high-level,  genetic,  challenge 

2. 写出文章中的优美句式。

①Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking,  planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age. . .  

②Still,  continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only help.  

重点单词·巧记

Ⅰ. 核心单词

1. exact　　　 adj. 精确的; 准确的

2. twin    n. 双胞胎之一; 孪生儿之一

adj. 成对的; 成双的

3. identical  adj. 同一的; 一模一样的

4. commercial  adj. 商业的; 贸易的

5. procedure  n. 程序; 步骤; 手续

6. cast    vt. (cast, cast) 扔; 投; 掷

7. altogether  adv. 总共; 完全地

8. impact   n. 撞击; 冲击; 巨大的影响

9. medium  n. (pl.  media)媒介; 手段; 工具

10. obtain   vt. 获得; 赢得

11. attain   vt. 获得; 到达(水平、年龄、状况等)

12. moral   adj. 道德(上)的; 伦理的

13. constitution n. 宪法; 章程

14. opera   n. 歌剧; 歌剧团; 歌剧院

15. chorus   n. 合唱; 合唱队

16. flour   n. 面粉

17. owe   vt. 欠(账、钱、人情等); 归功于……

18. bother   vt. 打扰　vi. 操心　n. 烦扰

19. initial   adj. 最初的; 开始的

20. merely   adv. 仅; 只; 不过

21. restore   vt. 恢复; 使恢复原状; 重建

22. turkey   n. 火鸡

23. hatch   vt. &vi. 孵出; 孵卵; 孵化

Ⅱ. 拓展单词

1. differ vi. 不同; 相异→different adj. 不同的→difference n. 不同; 差异

2. object vi. 反对; 不赞成→objection n. 不赞成, 反对; 异议→objective adj. 客观的; 基于事实的

3. conserve v. 保护→conservative adj. 保守的; 守旧的→conservation n. 保护; 保存

4. accumulate vt. &vi. 积累; 聚积→accumulation n. 积累; 累积; 堆积物

5. retire vi. 退休; 离开→retirement n. 退休; 离开

6. assume vt. 假定; 设想→assumption n. 假定; 设想

7. resist vt. 抵抗; 对抗→resistance n. 抵抗; 阻力; 抵抗力; 电阻→resistant adj. 反抗的; 有抵抗力的

8. reason n. 原因; 理由→reasonable adj. 合情理的; 讲道理的; 公道的

核心短语·闪记

1. pay off　　　　　　　　    得到好结果; 取得成功; 偿清 

2. cast down        使失望; 使沮丧 

3. in favour of        赞成; 支持 

4. (be) bound to (do). . .      一定或注定(做)…… 

5. strike. . . into one’s heart   使……刻骨铭心 

6. from time to time      不时, 偶尔 

7. bring back to life      使复生; 使复活 

8. in vain         白费力气; 枉费心机 

9. in good/poor condition    状况很好(坏); 情况很好(坏) 

经典句式·速记

1. 【句型公式】: while作并列连词, 表示对比

Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is very complicated(而克隆动物却很复杂).  

2. 【句型公式】: that引导的同位语从句

Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill(多莉病情加重).  

3. 【句型公式】: that引导的表语从句

The advantage is that(优点是) if there is a new illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.  

4. 【句型公式】: 过去分词作状语

Based on what we know now(根据我们现在所知道的), you cannot clone animals that have been extinct longer than 10, 000 years.  

1. “in+n. +of ” 短语全接触

①in favour of　　　　　　 赞成; 支持

②in memory of　    为了纪念

③in search of　    寻找

④in honour of　    为了纪念

⑤in view of　    鉴于; 由于

2. “完全地”完全掌握

① altogether　　    总共; 完全地

②entirely　     彻底地, 完全地

③completely　    完全地; 圆满地, 全面地

④totally　     完全地; 总共

⑤wholly       完全地

Ⅰ. 重点词汇

1. object vi. 反对; 不赞成　n. 目标, 目的; 物体

【教材原句】

On the other hand,  Dolly’s appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination. (P12)另一方面, 多莉的出现引起了强烈的反对, 并对媒体和公众的想象力产生了很大的影响。

【词块必记】

(1)object to sb. /sth. 　　　　  反对; 不赞成……

object to (sb. ’s) doing sth.   反对(某人)做某事

(2)objection        n. 不赞成; 反对; 异议

have/raise/make an objection to/against (doing) sth.

          对(做)某事表示反对

(3)objective        adj. 客观的; 无偏见的; 真实的; 宾格的

【语境速测】 单句语法填空

①It is reported that a great many people object to retiring(retire) too late.

②He resisted the new rule while his wife made no objection(object) to it.

③It’s hard to give an objective(object) opinion about your own children.

④Sometimes, some students object to the idea that English classes are taught in English.

句型转换

⑤Robson strongly objected to the terms of the contract.

→Robson made/had/raised a strong objection to the terms of the contract.

2. forbid vt. (forbade, forbad,  forbidden) 禁止; 不准

【典型例句】

2019 witnessed the strictest ever policy in China that forbids smoking.

2019 年中国出台了有史以来最严厉的禁烟政策。

【词块必记】

(1)forbid doing sth. 　　　　禁止做某事

forbid sb. from doing sth.  禁止某人做某事

forbid sb. to do sth.    禁止某人做某事

(2)forbidden      adj. 禁止的; 不准的

It’s forbidden to do sth.  做某事是禁止的。

【知识拓展】
forbid后不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语, 但可直接跟动名词作宾语, 也可用forbid sb. to do sth. 形式, 有类似用法的单词还有: allow,  permit,  advise等。

【语境速测】 单句语法填空

①Each visitor is forbidden to place(place) their luggage in the meeting room.  

②The rule forbids people from driving in the city one day each week and one Saturday each month.

③It is high time that we forbade setting(set) off fireworks in urban areas!

句式升级

④We are forbidden to play on the lawn belonging to him. (用it作形式主语改写)

It’s forbidden for us to play on the lawn belonging to him.  

【写作金句】
I think it necessary to forbid shops and supermarkets from offering free plastic shopping bags. 我认为禁止商店和超市提供免费的塑料购物袋是必要的。

3. owe v. 欠(账、钱、人情等); 归功于……

【典型例句】

Only after my friend told me the truth did I know I had misunderstood you,  so I think I owe you a sincere apology.

我朋友告诉我真相后, 我才知道我误会你了, 因此我觉得我还欠你一声真诚的抱歉。

【词块必记】

(1)owe sb. sth. =owe sth. to sb.   欠某人某物; 把……归功于……

owe it to sb. that. . . /to do. . .   把……归功于某人

(2)owing to       由于

【语境速测】 单句语法填空

①My English teacher is such a great soul, to whom I owe many thanks.

②We owe it to you to complete(complete) this job, so we hope you make efforts to help us.  

③Owing(owe) to bad weather, this morning’s flight will be delayed.

④I owe it to you that I have made great progress in my English.

⑤I owed(owe)my English teacher an apology and felt nervous each time I saw her.

【教材原句】

The popularity of films such as Jurassic Park,  in which a scientist clones several kinds of extinct dinosaurs,  proves how the idea struck a mixture of fear and excitement into people’s hearts. (P15)在《侏罗纪公园》这部影片中, 有一位科学家克隆了好几种不同的绝种恐龙。类似这样的电影很受欢迎, 证明了这一想法使人们感到既兴奋又恐惧。

【词块必记】

(1)be struck with/by　　　　被……所袭击(感动)

被……打动/迷住了

It strikes sb. that. . .    某人觉得……; 某人突然想起……

sth. strike(s) sb. (=sb. strike(s) on sth. )

        某人想到……

strike . . . into one’s heart 使……刻骨铭心

(2)be on strike    在罢工

go on strike    举行罢工

(3)striking     adj. 显著的; 突出的; 惹人注目的

【巧学助记】 表示“突然想起”的句式还有:

sb. think(s) suddenly that. . .

It occurs to sb. that. . .

It hits sb. that. . .

【语境速测】

写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语意思

①The clock has already struck 10 and it’s time that we left for Beijing. ((钟)敲响)

②He hit me, so I struck him back. (打)

③The matches were damp and he couldn’t make them strike. (擦(火柴))

④The government has promised that the army will be called in to help if there is a firemen’s strike. (罢工)

⑤The first thing that struck me was the fact that there were no other women present. (猛然发现)

单句语法填空

⑥Struck(strike) by the beauty of the West Lake, we stopped to admire the beautiful scenery.

⑦Just before September, Miller was struck(strike) by a car and lost his right arm.  

⑧There was something so striking(strike) about it that I returned time and again to look at it.

【写作金句】

Mount Tai has struck its beauty into my heart;  as a result, it strikes me that I will visit it again. 泰山的美让我感到刻骨铭心, 因此我觉得我会再次游览泰山。

5. bother v. 打扰; 操心 n. [U]烦扰; 麻烦; 困难; [C]麻烦的事; 讨厌的人

【典型例句】

You should keep your mind on the task, and not bother about personal gains or losses.

你应该把心思放在工作上, 不要患得患失。

【词块必记】

bother to do sth. 　　　　　　　 操心/费心做某事

bother doing sth.       费心做某事

bother sb. with/about sth.    用某事打扰某人

bother sb. to do sth.      麻烦某人做某事

It bothers/bothered sb. that/to do. . .

          使某人烦恼的是……

【语境速测】 单句语法填空

①I don’t want to bother her with/about my problems at the moment.

②He is always bothering me to lend(lend) him money.  

完成句子

③Did you have much bother/ trouble/difficulty (in) finding the house? 你找到这所房子费劲吗?  

【写作金句】

I am terribly sorry to bother you with my problem,  but I will really appreciate it if you can give me some advice.

我很抱歉因为我的问题打扰你, 但是如果你能给我一些建议, 我会非常感激。

Ⅱ. 核心短语

6. pay off得到好结果; 取得成功; 偿清; (付清工资后)解雇

【典型例句】

Happiness is achieved through hard work, and we firmly believe any hard work will pay off.

幸福都是奋斗出来的, 我们坚信任何努力都会有回报。

【词块必记】

pay back　　　　　 偿还; 报复; 回报

pay for     花钱买; 付出代价

pay a visit to   参观; 拜访

pay attention to  注意; 留心

【误区释疑】
pay off表示“得到好结果; 取得成功”时是不及物动词短语, 不用于被动语态。

【语境速测】

写出下列句子中黑体部分的汉语意思

①It would take him the rest of his life to pay off that loan. (还清)

②Sandra was determined to become a doctor and her persistence paid off. (得到回报; 取得成功)

③Over 1, 000 workers will be paid off if this factory closes. ((付清工资后)解雇)

【写作金句】
As a proverb goes, where there is a will, there is a way. Our efforts will pay off sooner or later. 正如谚语所说, 有志者事竟成。我们的努力早晚会得到回报。

【备选要点】

1. differ vi. 不同; 相异; 意见相左

【典型例句】

Customs differ in different countries and those of China often reflect Chinese moral values about nature and people. 习俗因国家不同而不同, 中国的习俗常常反映了中国人对自然和人的道德价值观。

【词块必记】

(1)differ from　　　　　不同于……; 和……不同

differ in     在……方面不同

differ with sb. on/about/over sth.

       在某事上和某人有分歧/异议

(2)difference     n. 不同之处

make a difference   有影响, 起重要作用

tell the difference between A and B

       分清A和B

(3)different     adj. 不同的

be different from. . . in. . .  在……方面与……不同

【语境速测】 单句语法填空

①He is in favour of the opinion that French differs from English in this respect.

②People differ in their attitudes towards failure. Faced with it, some of them can stand up to it.

③Tuition differs(differ) dramatically from school to school in western countries.

一句多译

英式英语和美式英语在单词的发音和拼写方面有明显的区别。

④British English differs obviously from American English in pronunciation and spelling. (differ) 

⑤British English is obviously different from American English in pronunciation and spelling. (different) 

⑥There are obvious differences between British English and American English in pronunciation and spelling. (difference) 

2. in good/poor condition状况很好(坏); 情况很好(坏)

【典型例句】

On condition that we use these ratings properly, they will benefit us in many ways. 只要我们恰当使用这些排名, 它们在很多方面对我们是有利的。

【词块必记】

out of condition　　　　　 健康状况欠佳

on condition that. . .    在……条件下; 倘若……

on no condition    一点也不; 决不(放在句首时, 句子用部分倒装语序)

working/living/studying conditions

        工作/生活/学习环境

【语境速测】 单句语法填空

①You can keep the books for about three weeks on condition that you preserve them well.

②The majority of the old people in the centre are in good condition.

③He said he was out of condition and was unable to take part in the sports meeting.

句式升级

④You should tell him what has happened on no condition. (改为倒装句)

On no condition should you tell him what has happened.   

3. The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation. (P15)其优点是如果发生某种新的疾病, 这些动物中的一些可能会死掉, 但是另外一些却能存活下来, 并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。

【句型公式】

(1)that引导表语从句时, 在句中无词义, 只起连接作用, 但通常不能省略。

(2)what, where, how, why, because等也可引导表语从句。

(3)另外, that还可以引导主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句等。

【语境速测】 单句语法填空

①Apparently, the problem is that the girl lacks confidence while expressing herself.

②But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home.

③This is what my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.

Ⅰ. 单句语法填空

1. (2020·江苏高考)The question of what we know and do not know constantly bothered(bother) me.

2. (2020·浙江高考) I learned a lot about how to extend the life of objects (object)and transform them into something new and useful.

3. (2020·江苏高考)The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip eating first.

4. (2020·浙江高考)That is by design. Bellevue,  a fast-growing city just east of Seattle,  uses a system that is gaining popularity around the US:  intersection (十字路口) signals that can adjust in real time to traffic conditions(condition).

5. (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)The environmental challenges are significant but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be paying (pay) off.

Ⅱ. 完成句子

1. Thanks for sticking up for me, I owe you a favour.  

谢谢你支持我,  我欠你一个人情。

2. What bothers me most is the fact that he seems to take no interest in his work.  

最使我伤脑筋的是, 他似乎对自己的工作毫无兴趣。

3. Since retiring from the company, she has done voluntary work for a charity.  

自从从公司退休后, 她在慈善机构做志愿者工作。

4. He always manages to obtain what he wants.  

他总是设法得到他想要的东西。

5. Although working out is beneficial to our health, I feel a strong objection to getting up early.  

虽然锻炼身体有益于健康, 但我还是不愿意早起。

Ⅲ. 语法填空(黑体词为本单元重点词汇)

　　Mr White owns a company that is 1. different(differ) from others. It forbids its employees 2. to work(work) extra hours. Mr White,  3. the boss of the company,  objects to 4. bothering(bother) his employees after work,  which 5. strikes(strike) everyone. Meanwhile,  Mr White is a 6. successful(success) businessman. He often owes his success 7. to hard work and says,  “If you want to succeed,  work hard. Every effort will 8. surely(sure) pay off. ”9. What he says inspires all the employees to do 10. their(they) best.