高中英语人教版 (新课标)必修1&2Unit 4 Earthquakes课后测评

Unit 4 Earthquakes Reading课时作业

第一节 完型填空

I know I should have told the headmaster at the time. That was my real  1 .

He had gone out of the study for some  2 , leaving me alone. In his absence I looked to see  3  was on his desk. In the  4  was a small piece of paper on which were written the  5  “English Writing Prize 1914. History Is a Serious of Biographies (人物传记)”.

A(n)  6  boy would have avoided looking at the title as soon as he saw the  7 . I did not. The subject of the English Writing Prize was kept a  8  until the start of the exam so I could not  9  reading it.

When the headmaster  10 , I was looking out of the window.

I should have told him what had  11  then. It would have been so  12  to say: “I’m sorry, but I  13  the title for the English Writing Prize on your desk. You’ll have to  14  it.”

The chance passed and I did not  15  it. I sat the exam the next day and I won. I didn’t  16  to cheat, but it was still cheating anyhow.

That was thirty-eight years  17  when I was fifteen. I have never told anyone about it before,  18  have I tried to explain to myself why not.

The obvious explanation is that I could not admit I had seen the title  19  admitting that I had been looking at the things on his desk.  20  there must have been more behind it. Whatever it was, it has become a good example of how a little mistake can trap (使陷入) you in a more serious moral corner (道德困境).

1. A. plan         B. fault        C. grade         D. luck

2. A. reason       B. course       C. example       D. vacation

3. A. this         B. which        C. that          D. what

4. A. drawer       B. corner       C. middle        D. box

5. A. names        B. words        C. ideas         D. messages

6. A. honest       B. handsome     C. friendly      D. active

7. A. desk         B. paper        C. book          D. drawer

8. A. question     B. key          C. note          D. secret

9. A. help         B. consider     C. practise      D. forget

10. A. disappeared  B. stayed       C. returned      D. went

11. A. existed      B. remained     C. happened      D. continued

12. A. tiring       B. easy         C. important     D. difficult

13. A. saw          B. gave         C. set           D. made

14. A. repeat       B. defend       C. correct       D. change

15. A. take         B. have         C. lose          D. find

16. A. remember     B. learn        C. mean          D. pretend

17. A. past         B. ago          C. then          D. before

18. A. either       B. never        C. nor           D. so

19. A. by           B. besides      C. through       D. without

20. A. But          B. Though       C. Otherwise     D. Therefore

【参考答案】

BADCB  ABDAC  CBADA  CBCDA 

第二节 阅读理解

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、 B、C、D）中选出最佳选项。

A

Blood donations save lives. But blood can only be stored by freezing for up to six weeks. “Because of that limitation, people have to continually donate blood to meet the needs. But also, in places where freezing may not be available, that can also be a challenge. It’s difficult to have blood available when needed.”

“The disruptions to regular blood donations due to COVID-19 have put stress on the blood supply, and the pandemic emphasizes the need for more reliable long-term storage methods.”  University of Louisville bioengineer Jonathan Kopechek said.

Kopechek’s team has developed a method of preserving blood so it can be stored in a dehydrated state at room temperature. They turned to an unusual preservative: a sugar called trehalose（海藻糖）, which is a common ingredient in donuts... to help make them look fresh even when they might be months old, and you wouldn’t know the difference.

The researchers chose trehalose because, in nature, it’s made by hardy animals like tardigrades and sea monkeys—aka brine shrimp—famous for their ability to survive dehydration.

So these animals can dry out completely for a long period of time and then be rehydrated and resume normal function. First, the researchers had to get trehalose into blood cells. They used ultrasound（超声波）to drill temporary holes in the cell membranes—which let some trehalose get in. And they need to have sufficient levels of trehalose on both the inside and the outside of the cell in order to survive the dehydration and rehydration process. At that point, the blood could be dried and made into a powder. And then we can rehydrate the blood and have it return back to normal.

“The technique could be ready for clinical test in three to five years. If successful, it could be used to create stores of dried blood in case of future pandemics or natural disasters. Maybe medicine bag on the Red Planet will include dried red blood cells.” Kopechek said.

1. Why do people have to continually donate blood to meet the needs?

A. Because blood donations aren’t popular.

B. Because the blood needs can’t be met.

C. Because blood storage by freezing has time limit.

D. Because blood freezing is a challenge in many places.

2. What does the underlined word “disruptions” in paragraph 2 mean?

A. pause         B. damage           C. end          D. distribution

3. According to the research of Kopechek’s team, what can we learn about?

A. Blood can be preserved in a dehydrated state by freezing.

B. Trehalose is only made by hardy animals like tardigrades.

C. Trehalose can help make donuts look fresh for a long time.

D. The technique of blood dehydration has been applied in clinical test.

4. How did trehalose get into blood cell?

A. By the process of dehydration and rehydration.

B. By being dried and made into a power.

C. By rehydrating the blood returning back to normal.

D. By the temporary holes drilled by ultrasound.

【参考答案】CACD

B

Creating devices that are better for the environment may involve working up a good sweat. That's because engineers are using sweat to make systems that store energy. One such device is a type of capacitor. It is powered by sweat and can be used to charge a device. Researchers at the University of Glasgow in Scotland developed the device. A capacitor is an electrical component that stores energy physically, in a form very much like static electricity. ( In contrast, batteries store energy chemically. )

The system recently developed is a supercapacitor. This is a capacitor with two conducting sur-faces on which a charge of energy is stored. The energy it stores can be used later. The energy could power an LED light or a type of electronic. Researchers described their new model May 11, 2020 in a scientific journal. The findings are exciting because devices powered by sweat could pave the way to wearable tech that is both safer and better for the environment. Today's wearable electronics include gadgets strapped to the body,  such as watches and fitness trackers. However, engineers are also creating electronics that are part of clothing or stuck onto the skin.

Batteries power most wearable devices today. Yet those batteries often contain chemicals that can harm the environment. That's where the idea of using a bodily fluid comes into play. Electrolytes（电解质） are minerals in your body that have an electric charge. With the device, the sweat serves as the electrolyte. “That's kind of a new way of using sweat,” observes Mallika Bariya. She is a scientist at the University of California, Berkeley. She did not take part in the new study. She says electrolytes are an important part of these supercapacitors. They're needed for these devices to provide power. Sweat is interesting, not gross, she argues. It can tell you about someone's health. Also,  the chemical makeup of sweat can change depending on what part of the body makes it.

5. How does a supercapacitor work?

A. It contains batteries that store energy chemically which could be used later to charge a device.

B. It contains batteries that store energy physically which could be used later to charge a device.

C. It is powered by sweat and store energy chemically which could be used later to charge a device.

D. It is powered by sweat and store energy physically which could be used later to charge a device.

6. What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 2?

A. A supercapacitor powered by sweat could charge wearable tech.

B. Wearable tech is safer and better for the environment.

C. A supercapacitor works with two conducting surfaces on which a charge of energy is stored.

D. Engineers are creating different electronics that are tied to the body with a strap.

7. In what way does sweat replace harmful battery chemicals?

A. The sweat reacts with the chemicals and stores energy.

B. The sweat is mixed with electrolytes and changes its chemical makeup.

C. The sweat gets rid of some harmful chemicals.

D. The sweat contains minerals called electrolytes that have an electric charge.

8. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?

A Electrolytes play an important part in storing energy

B. Working up a sweat may one day power up a device

C. Supercapacitors are better for the environment

D. Batteries that power devices can harm the environment

【答案】 5. D    6. A    7. D    8. B

第三节  七选五

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Books cost nothing on Stan Tucker's Leap for Literacy bookmobile, called the Read ‘n’ Roll. However, they don't come free. ____1____ Acts are recorded on kindness tickets, which are like cash on the Read ‘n’ Roll. When the bookmobile shows up at a school, the kids jump into a line to exchange their tickets for books.

Tucker was leaching kindergarten in Atlanta, Georgia, in 2014. ____2____ It broke Tucker's heart, and it gave him an idea for a way to get books to kids. Now working as a waiter and camp counselor, Tucker started his program during a year off from teaching in 2015.Sometimes he was lugging more than 1, 000 books in a car for giveaways at schools. ____3____ He now gives away 2, 500books a year. More than 13,000 students have traded kindness tickets for books.

____4____  However, he added, “At every turn, something has happened to keep this going.” For example, he met country singer Zac Brown, an Atlanta native, who came into the restaurant where Tucker worked. Tucker asked Brown's five kids about school. Because he liked the way Tucker interacted with his family, Brown told him, “Maybe we can help each other out.” Brown was starting a summer camp and offered Tucker a camp counselor job and an old tour bus for a bookmobile.

____5____ He used it to expand his program. Five hundred kids participated in a writing program in which they were given blank books to write in. A few of the books they wrote were chosen by the Leap for Literacy board to be illustrated and published. Tucker hopes to one day fill the bookmobile with those books.

A. Over the past five years, Leap for Literacy has grown.

B. To build the program, Tucker knew he needed something to count, so he started counting acts of kindness.

C. The currency to buy them is kindness.

D. Another fortunate turn was the $25,000 check he got on “The Ellen DeGeneres Show” in 2019.

E. How Tucker got the nickname “Stan the Man” is part of the inspiration he shares with kids.

F. A student approached him before a book fair to say he wouldn't be going because his mom didn't have any money.

G. Tucker, who loved books as a kid, said it seemed impossible to make his dream work on a waiter's pay.

答案 1. C    2. F    3. A    4. G    5. D