高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 5 Launching Your Care学案设计

Unit 5　Launching Your Career

Learning About Language

语法精讲·素养提升

长句(Long Sentences)

观察上面对话, 完成下面句子。

(1)He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.  

他问我们班上谁的书法最好。

(2)The first English book that I read was The Prince and the Pauper by Mark Twain. 我读的第一本英文书是马克·吐温写的《王子与贫儿》。 

(3)He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago.  

他已经成为了他10年前想成为的样子。

(4)Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much.  

她来不来都无关紧要。

(5)August is the time of the year for rice harvest,  so I work from dawn until dark every day. 八月是一年中水稻收获的季节, 所以我每天从早到晚地工作。 

　　长句(long sentences)多因含有较多较长的修饰成分或包含多个并列句或从句而使得整个句子变长。

一、长句的主要类型

1. 含有较多成分的简单句(同位语、介词短语、非谓语动词、定语、状语、插入语);

2. 含有多个简单句的并列句;

3. 并列句和主从复合句并存。

*The average number of days with heavy pollution in cities at county level and above has dropped from 10 to 6.  (主语: number 谓语: has dropped )

县级及以上城市重度污染的平均天数从10天下降到6天。

*Since 2013, China has rolled out a series of State-level regional development strategies to create new economic growth poles,  push forward integrated and coordinated development,  and explore ways of sustainable development for future generations. (主语: China 谓语: has rolled out 宾语: strategies)

自2013年以来, 中国推出一系列国家级区域发展战略, 着力打造新的经济增长极, 推进一体化协调发展, 探索子孙后代可持续发展之路。

　【即学活用】

找出下列句中的主语、谓语和宾语。

(1) Holding the 3rd China International Import Expo during COVID-19 pandemic prevention and control shows China’s determination to further open up its market and to continue to contribute to world economic recovery and development.

主语: Holding the 3rd China International Import Expo(动名词短语) 

谓语: shows宾语: determination

(2)Noted oil painter Zhao Peizhi,  born in Northwest China’s Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region,  was exposed to the rich history and cultures of various nationalities living in the area during childhood. 

主语: painter谓语: was exposed to宾语: history and cultures 

二、句子的三种基本类型

如果按照句子的结构分类, 英文句子可分为三个类别: 简单句(Simple Sentence)、并列句(Compound Sentence)和复合句(Complex Sentence)。这里所说的结构, 主要是指句子中主语和谓语之间所构成的关系。

1. 简单句(Simple Sentence)

简单句只有一个主谓结构。句子可能有两个或更多的主语, 也可能有两个或更多的谓语, 但是句子中的主谓关系只有一个。简单句还可以有定语、状语等句子成分。

*The people in the meeting room remained silent.

会议室里的人保持沉默。

*Many young artists are advised to learn by copying the masters.

许多年轻艺术家们被建议通过临摹大师们的作品来学习。

2. 并列句(Compound Sentence)

并列句有两个或两个以上存在并列、对等关系的主谓结构。从语法上讲, 这些主谓结构都能独立地表达意思, 没有从属关系。但是它们在意思或逻辑上有一定程度的内在联系, 使它们有必要构成并列句。在并列句中, 并列连词用来连接两个或几个主谓结构, 即连接平行对等(即互不从属)的分句。

*Computers are used widely in most countries now, and they are a sign of progress. 

现在计算机在大多数国家被广泛使用, 它们是进步的标志。

*She is tall, while her elder sister is short.

她很高, 而她姐姐很矮。

3. 复合句(Complex Sentence)

复合句由一个主句(Principal Clause)和一个或一个以上的从句(Subordinate Clause) 构成, 即有一个(或更多)主谓结构充当句子的某一(些)成分, 如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语等。主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句都属于复合句, 主句是全句的主体, 通常可以独立存在, 从句则只用作句子的一个成分, 不能独立。

(1)主语从句

作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that, whether, if和连接代词what, who, which, whatever, whoever以及连接副词how, when, where, why等词引导。that在句中无词义, 只起连接作用; 连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用, 在从句中充当从句的成分。有时为避免句子头重脚轻, 常用形式主语it代替主语从句放于句首, 而把主语从句置于句末。

*What the doctor is uncertain about is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. 医生不能确定的是我母亲是否会很快从这个严重的疾病中康复。

*It is recommended that the project not be started until all the preparations have been made. 建议在所有准备工作完成后再开始这项工程。

(2)宾语从句

用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的引导词与主语从句、表语从句大致一样, 在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。

that引导宾语从句时, that在句中不担任任何成分, 在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去, 但如从句是并列句时, 最后一个分句前的that不可省。

在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist,  desire,  request,  command,  doubt等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后, 宾语从句常用“(should+) 动词原形”。

who, whom,  which,  whose,  what,  when,  where,  why,  how,  whoever,  whatever,  whichever等引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句, 但句子语序要用陈述语序。

(3)表语从句

在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。表语从句的引导词与主语从句大致一样, 表语从句位于系动词后, 有时用as if引导。其基本结构为: 主语 + 系动词 +从句(若用that引导从句时, 不能省略)。

(4)同位语从句

同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。后跟同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。

同位语从句和定语从句的区别:

that引导定语从句, 充当句子成分, 在从句中作宾语时可以省略;  that引导同位语从句时, 没有实际意义, 不充当句子成分, 一般不能省略。

如:

*I had no idea that you were here. (that引导同位语从句, 不能省略)我不知道你在这里。

*Have you got the idea (that) this book gives you of life in ancient Greece? (that引导定语从句, 作宾语, 可以省略)你明白这本书让你了解古希腊的生活了吗?

(5)定语从句

定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中作定语, 修饰一个名词或代词, 被修饰的名词, 词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后, 由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。

(6)状语从句

状语从句 (Adverbial Clause) 指起副词作用的句子。可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其意义可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由从属连词引导, 也可以由词组(如the moment等)引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开, 位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。

　【即学活用】在空白处填入适当的引导词

(1)Nowadays consumers become more and more practical and buy only what they need.

(2)She’d like to offer money to whoever needs it to continue his or her study.

(3)Yesterday he sold out all his stamps at what he thought was a reasonable price.

(4)After three days’ waiting,  there was a little doubt in the mother’s mind whether the police could find her lost child.

(5)Our school is no longer what it was 10 years ago,  when it was not well equipped.

(6)Although he knew little about the large amount of work done in the field,  he succeeded where other more well-informed experimenters failed.

(7) You should keep those old jam bottles ----you never know when you might need them.

(8)What makes the school famous is that more than 90% of the students have been admitted to universities.

(9)As is mentioned above,  the number of the students in senior high school is increasing.

(10)The road is covered with snow. I can’t understand why they insist on going by motorbike.

(11)That fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.  

(12)Whether we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.

课时检测·素养达标

Ⅰ. 写出下列句中的画线部分是什么从句

1. It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not. (主语从句) 

2. The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.  (同位语从句) 

3. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.  (主语从句) 

4. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.  (定语从句) 

5. He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about. (宾语从句) 

6. I wonder why she refused my invitation.  (宾语从句) 

7. Could you advise me which book I should read first? (宾语从句) 

8. Whatever you have picked up,  you must give it back to whoever it belongs to.  (状语从句) 

9. Many people think it possible that a trade war between EU and the States will happen.  (宾语从句) 

10. —I drove to Qingdao to meet my friend last week.

—Is that why you had one day off?  (表语从句) 

Ⅱ. 把下列句子合并成复合句

1. He did it in this way. It was different from what we were used to.

→The way he did it was different from what we were used to.  

2. I was surprised by her words. Her words made me recognize what silly mistakes I had made.

→I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize what silly mistakes I had made.  

3. Dave lost his job and was short of money. What he did was to sell his flat and move out with his brother.

→Dave lost his job and was short of money,  so what he did was to sell his flat and move out with his brother.  

4. Whether man can go back to the old days with time machine? It still remains to be a question.

→It still remains to be a question whether man can go back to the old days with time machine.  

5. What is she going to be when she grows up?  Lily has some idea.

→Lily has some idea what she’s going to be when she grows up.  

6. He made another wonderful discovery. I think this discovery is of great importance to science.

→He made another wonderful discovery,  which I think is of great importance to science.  

7. You should put the dictionary in a place. You can find it easily there.

→You should put the dictionary where you can find it easily.  

8. Recently I bought a second-hand computer. Its price was very reasonable.

→Recently I bought a second-hand computer,  whose price was very reasonable.  

用复合句翻译下列句子并连句成篇。

1. 我想将来当记者, 但我父母建议我当医生。

2. 他们认为, 比起记者来, 医生的待遇更好。

3. 老师建议我做一个职业能力倾向测验。

4. 不管检测的结果怎样, 我现在都要努力学习。

5. 我现在要做的是学好知识, 为未来做好准备。

　　I want to be a journalist in the future,  but my parents suggest that I should be a doctor. They argue that doctors are better paid than journalists.  My teacher suggests that I should take a career aptitude test. No matter what the test results are,  I will study hard now. What I need to do now is to learn knowledge well and prepare myself for the future.  

课时素养评价

十四　Unit 5　Learning About Language

Ⅰ. 选词填空

what, where,  whether, who, when,  how,  why,  as if, whatever, that

1. It was a matter of who would take the position.  

2. China’s success in manned-spacecraft travel shows that our country has become one of the greatest powers in space research.  

3. When you’re older I think you’re better equipped mentally to cope with whatever happens.

4. Let’s pick up where we left off yesterday.

5. We can only guess what happened.

6. Whether he will continue to be successful in future is open to doubt.

7. He will always remember the day when his father returned from America.

8. The reason why the injection needs repeating every year is that the virus changes.  

9. He talked of other cultures as if they were more familiar to him than his own.  

10. How do you manage to keep the place so neat?  

Ⅱ. 完成句子

1. He was able to ride a bike when he was very young.  

他很小的时候就会骑自行车了。

2. He didn’t see me until I called his name.  

直到我叫他的名字, 他才看见我。

3. Since/ Now that you need the book,  you may take it.  

既然你需要这本书, 你就拿走吧。

4. It is so hot that I want to go swimming.  

天气太热了, 以至于我想去游泳。

5. I’ll go there with you unless it rains.  

除非下雨, 不然我会跟你一起去那里。

6. If you are in trouble,  ask me for help/ just turn to me.  

要是你有困难, 只管找我帮忙。

7. While I was watching TV,  my brother was playing basketball outside.  

我看电视的时候, 我弟弟正在外面打篮球。

8. I’ll come here right away as soon as/the moment I get the news.  

我一得到消息就会马上来这里。

9. He didn’t hear the knock at the door because he was listening to the radio.  

他没有听见敲门, 因为他正在听收音机。

10. If you don’t know the meaning of the word,  you’d better look it up in the dictionary.  

如果你不知道这个词的意思, 最好查查词典。

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

　　What would you like to be when you grow up?  A teacher?  A doctor?  An astronaut?  What do you need to do to achieve your dream job?

Perhaps you think that studying well and then going on to work hard will get you the successful career you want. We are constantly taught that our hard work will eventually pay off.  

But a government survey has shown that hard work is not the only thing that will help you to move up the ladder. Two thirds of people believe that who you know matters more than what you know when it comes to social activity. So are the connections that you have more important than your education?

Seventy-six percent of the people in the survey believed that family background is important in influencing your chances of success. They believe that if you are privileged from birth,  you are more likely to have a successful career,  especially if your family is wealthy.

Even if you don’t have a privileged background,  the people you know can still make a difference to your career. Networking is a skill which is encouraged by many career advisers. Some companies run networking workshops to try and encourage staff to meet other people,  to communicate and build relationships. It’s a valuable skill.

But the survey also showed something quite interesting. Although most people believed that networks are more important than education,  many people put their own career success down to talent,  rather than background. 41% of the people said that their parents’ income had influenced their life,  but at the same time,  another 41% believed that they had achieved their own success.

So which is more important,  what you know or who you know?  It seems that by working hard and making lots of connections,  the answer may be that both are very important.

【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。影响人们成功的根本因素是什么? 根据政府的一项调查显示, 对于这个问题人们持不同的观点, 文章的结论是, 要想获得成功, 自身努力和良好的社会关系都很重要。

1. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined part?

A. Practice makes perfect.

B. Nothing is impossible.

C. Hope for the best.

D. No pains,  no gains.

【解析】选D。句意猜测题。此处与上一句 “. . . studying well and then going on to work hard will get you the successful career you want. ” 意思应一致, 即: 好好学习然后努力工作会使你得到成功的事业。四个选项中, A项意为“熟能生巧”, B项意为“没有什么不可能”, C项意为“从最好的方面着想”, D项意为“没有付出就没有收获”, 故选D。

2. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A. 76% of the people think social relationship matters most.

B. 41% of the people believe parents’ income is most important.

C. 76% of the people think family background ranks first.

D. 41% of the people believe they gained their own success.

【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第七段内容“So which is more important, what you know or who you know? It seems that by working hard and making lots of connections, the answer may be that both are very important. ”可知, 不是大多数人认为社会关系是最重要的。A选项不符合文章意思, 故选A。

3. From the passage we can infer that the writer writes the article to 　　　.  

A. stress the importance of education

B. challenge the traditional belief

C. make lots of social connections

D. encourage people to work hard

【解析】选B。推理判断题。文章第二段提出了传统观念认为的“努力工作就能获得成功”, 紧接着第三段通过一项调查结果指出更多人认为“社会关系和家庭背景才是成功的关键”, 并由此展开讨论。由此推测, 作者写作的意图是挑战传统观念。故选B。

4. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A. The Way to Success

B. Keep your Dream in Mind

C. A Wealthy and Smooth Career

D. A Survey on People’s Dreams

【解析】选A。主旨大意题。文章开头提出了传统观念认为的“努力工作就能获得成功”, 紧接着通过一项调查结果指出更多人认为“社会关系和家庭背景才是成功的关键”, 并由此展开讨论。无论是哪种观点, 都是在谈论取得成功的方法, 故选A。

阅读理解

When Jen Harris was laid off from her job at MPC Computers in Idaho last October,  she tweeted the message “just been laid off from MPC”,  “By the time I left the parking lot,  I had a job offer from a friend that had a Web development company in town, ”she told CNNMoney.

It’s difficult to know how many people are actually finding work this way. But it’s obvious from interviews with job-seekers,  employers,  coaches and managers that the Twitter phenomenon is fundamentally changing the way people search for jobs.

“A lot of companies aren’t advertising jobs in traditional ways, ” says Jason Rivera,  a graphic artist who teamed up with other San Francisco Twiners “to lead the pink-slip party (失业聚会) movement” for the networking messes. Rivera says Twitter allows companies to easily “follow” potential candidates online,  while giving job hunters a backdoor peek at companies where they may be interested in applying for a job.

“It’s a great way to get up-to-the-minute information about a company and its latest products, ” Rivera says,  “as well as give you a shot at actually talking to a hiring manager on Twitter, as opposed to having your e-mailed resume end up as the 500th in his in-box. At the same time,  Twitter gives managers faster,  more efficient ways to get through the mess,  and that save them money. ”

Paul Mabray knows that firsthand. As a chief strategy officer for Napabased VinTank,  a wine industry think tank(智囊团), he used Twitter to spot and then practically “follow” the 23-year-old job candidate and gifted Twitter,  Ashley Bellview. “We got to learn about her personality,  her work ethic and her thought process by the information she’d linked to in her tweets and by how she communicated with other people on Twitter, ” Mabray says.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了Twitter正在成为求职者找工作的重要工具。

1. Jen Harris is mentioned in the first paragraph to show that 　　　.  

A. Twitter is becoming an important tool for job seekers

B. more people lose their jobs recently

C. it’s easier for IT workers to find jobs

D. there are less jobs than we have expected

【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知, 去年10月被解雇时, 詹哈里斯在推特上发了一条失业信息, 于是她就很快就收到了一份工作邀请(获得了一份新的工作), 再结合第二段可知, 推特正在从根本上改变人们找工作的方式, 由此可知, 第一段提到詹哈里斯就是为了证明推特正在成为求职者找工作的重要工具, 故A项正确。

2. Twitter can give job hunters a chance to 　　　.  

A. visit the companies

B. learn more about the companies

C. receive training about the computer operation

D. have a face-to-face talk with the managers

【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“while giving job hunters a backdoor peek at companies where they may be interested in applying for a job. ”可知, 推特为求职者提供了一个后门, 让他们得以窥探自己可能有兴趣申请工作的公司, 由此可知, 推特为求职者提供了一个更多地了解自己感兴趣的公司的机会, 故选B。

3. We can know from the last paragraph that Ashley Bellview 　　　.  

A. has a large circle of online friends

B. proves to be a gifted actress

C. is not experienced in wine making

D. is considered a gifted candidate

【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段中作为葡萄酒行业智囊团Napabased VinTank的首席战略官, 保罗·马布里利用推特发现并“跟踪”23岁的求职者——非常有天赋的阿什利, 由此可知, 阿什利被认为是个有天赋的候选人, 故选D。

4. What would be the best title for the text?

A. The Popularity of Twitter

B. Twitter Helps Find Jobs

C. The Ways People Search for Jobs Are Changing

D. How to Get Jobs on Twitter

【解析】选B。主旨大意题。通读全文, 特别是根据第二段中的“the Twitter phenomenon is fundamentally changing the way people search for jobs. ”可知, 推特正在从根本上改变人们找工作的方式, 由此可知, 本文主要介绍的是推特正在成为求职者找工作的重要工具(推特帮助人们找工作), 所以这篇文章最好的题目是“推特帮助找工作”, 故选B。

Ⅱ. 完形填空

(2021•成都高二检测)

The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams. —Eleanor Roosevelt.

My home is a place of great beauty and agricultural richness,  as well as of war and natural disasters. When I was only fourteen years old,  I was filled with 　1　 in spite of the terrible surroundings. The families living here,  who tried to make their living from the land, 　2　 great losses.  

I felt sorry especially for the children,  but I 　3　 to be hopeless,  I decided that where I was,  I could do 　4　 to help them. I began knocking on every door and saying to each person who 　5　 my knock,  “I know that you are 　6　 and give the birds that come to your yard a little 　7　. Please consider me your bird. Give me only a handful of rice each week when I come to your 　8　. I will take it to the temple where it can be given to the 　9　 children. ” 

No one seemed to mind giving me a handful of rice,  even 　10　 they had little themselves. On Sunday,  I would go to the 　11　 and give my handfuls of rice to the monks to give away to the children.  

One day,  I came to a house that had 　12　 kinds to give. I told my story and asked if I could be their bird. The woman called her daughters,  and 　13　 gave me fifty cents,  as well as the handful of rice!  I began to ask for change and rice from the other “bird feeders”,  and they gave them to me. Everyone was happy to help those who were suffering,  even 　14　 only this small way. The temple was soon able to help everyone who came to them for food and clothing. “Consider me your bird. ” My childish idea had not stopped the war,  but anyway,  it was 　15　 some peace.  

【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。叙述了作者在灾难时期去挨家挨户收集一丁点分量的食物, 最后积攒起来, 足够帮助孩子们度过饥饿。

1. A. sorrow　　　　B. hope

C. comfort    D. happiness

【解析】选B。根据内容以及第一段中的“The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams. ”可知, 尽管处于恶劣的环境中, 我依然充满希望。sorrow 悲伤;  hope希望;  comfort 舒适, 安慰;  happiness快乐。故选B。

2. A. suffered  B. survived

C. covered   D. made

【解析】选A。根据“great losses”可知, 此处是遭受损失。suffer遭受;  survive幸存;  cover 覆盖;  make制作。故选A。

3. A. wanted  B. failed

C. refused   D. stopped

【解析】选C。根据“I decided that where I was”可知, 此处指拒绝失望。want想;  fail失败;  refuse拒绝;  stop停止。故选C。

4. A. something B. everything

C. anything  D. nothing

【解析】选A。根据“to help them”可知, 此处指“做些事”。 something某事;  everything 一切;  anything 任何事情;  nothing没有什么。故选A。

5. A. said  B. replied

C. spoke  D. answered

【解析】选D。根据“saying to each person”可知, 是有应门的人。say说;  reply回答, 响应; 要与介词to搭配。speak讲;  answer回答, 响应。故选D。

6. A. glad  B. kind

C. rich   D. poor

【解析】选B。根据“and give the birds that come to your yard a little . . . ”可知, 此处是说对方善良。glad 高兴;  kind 善良; rich 富有; poor贫穷。故选B。

7. A. water   B. money

C. nest    D. rice

【解析】选D。water水;  money 钱;  nest 巢, 窝;  rice米。根据“the birds”可知, 此处是给“米”, 而且下文也有a handful of rice。故选D。

8. A. temple B. room

C. door  D. garden

【解析】选C。根据上文“I began knocking on every door”可知, 此处是“门前”。 temple 寺庙;  room房间;  door门;  garden花园。故选C。

9. A. brave   B. hungry

C. promising  D. nervous

【解析】选B。根据“I will take it to the temple”可知, 在庙里有饥饿的孩子。brave勇敢的;  hungry饥饿的;  promising大有前途的, 有希望的;  nervous紧张的。故选B。

10. A. where  B. that

C. so    D. when

【解析】选D。根据上文内容可知, 没有人介意给我一把米, 甚至当他们自己几乎没有多少时。此处when引导时间状语从句。故选D。

11. A. village  B. hometown

C. temple   D. house

【解析】选C。根据上文“I will take it to the temple”可知, temple 在上句出现。village 村庄;  hometown家乡;  temple寺庙;  house房子。故选C。

12. A. much  B. little

C. many   D. few

【解析】选C。根据下文“gave me fifty cents,  as well as the handful of rice”(这家人每人给了我一把米, 而且还给了钱。)可知这家人有很多东西。kinds, 可数名词复数, 故用many符合句意, 故选C。

13. A. every  B. each

C. neither   D. none

【解析】选B。根据“The woman called her daughters”可知, 是每个人都给了我钱和米。故选B。

14. A. by  B. with

C. on   D. in

【解析】选D。根据内容可知, 每个人都很高兴帮助那些受苦的人, 甚至只是用这种小的方式。in this way 为固定搭配。故选D。

15. A. creating   B. mending

C. shopping   D. managing

【解析】选A。根据“My childish idea had not stopped the war”可知, 此处是创造和平。create创造;  mend修补;  shop购物; manage经营, 管理。故选A。

Ⅲ. 语法填空

Many of us wake up feeling 1. 　　　　　(tire) in the morning.  Many of us ignore the problem as the day goes on, 2. (forget) that it might have a

3. (danger) effect.  Society even glorifies “burning the candle at both ends” as 4. 　　　　　 sign of our devotion to work and family.  

Believe it 5. 　　　　　 not,  all this bad sleep has far-reaching consequences.  We just do not give ourselves enough chances to sleep.  A survey of over 74, 000 people found that 35% reported sleeping less than seven hours daily

6. 　　　　　 average.  Furthermore,  the quantity of sleep 7. 　　　　　(change) greatly over the past 15 years.  

This lack of sleep can lead to many serious 8. (problem).  One study found that 9. (simple) limiting yourself to six hours of sleep a night for two weeks had similar effects to staying up all night the night before,

10. 　　　　　 could make you perform poorly on a timed attention task.  

【文章大意】本文介绍了很多人睡眠不足的现象和由此导致的一些问题。

1. 【解析】tired。考查形容词。本句主语是人, 故用形容词tired作feeling的表语。

2. 【解析】forgetting。考查非谓语动词。空处与其逻辑主语Many of us 构成主谓关系, 因此用现在分词作状语。

3. 【解析】dangerous。考查形容词。空后为名词故用形容词修饰。

4. 【解析】a。考查冠词。此处表示泛指。

5. 【解析】or。考查固定结构。句意: 信不信由你。

6. 【解析】on 。考查介词。on average为固定搭配。

7. 【解析】has changed。考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据该句中时间状语“ over the past 15 years ”可知此处用现在完成时态, 主语是“the quantity of sleep”故谓语动词用单数形式。

8. 【解析】problems。考查名词的复数。空前有many修饰。

9. 【解析】simply。考查副词。此处修饰非谓语动limiting,  故应用副词。

10. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。根据语境并分析句子结构可知, 该句为非限制性定语从句, 又因关系词在从句中作主语, 指代空前的句子, 故用which。