河南省许昌市2020-2021学年高二下学期期末质量检测英语试题 Word版含解析

这是一份河南省许昌市2020-2021学年高二下学期期末质量检测英语试题 Word版含解析，共26页。

XCS2020—2021学年第二学期期末教学质量检测
高二英语
注意事项：
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如 需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上，写 在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音结束后,你将有两分件的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出量佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒仲的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话 仅读一遍。
1. What is the man looking for?
A. Vegetables. B. Orange juice. C. An employee.
2. What is Pat wearing?
A. A white hat. B. A white shirt. C. A brown shirt.
3. What did the man borrow from the woman?
A. Her iPhone. B. Her iPod. C. Her gym hag.
4. Who will the man call?
A. His wife. B. His boss. C. A taxi.
5. What happened to the woman?
A. She was late for school.
B. She go< lost while driving.
C. She couldn't find a parking spot.
第二节（共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白,每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选 项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完 后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What does the woman say about puppies?
A. They are free. B. They need shots. C. They eat vegetables.
7. What does the boy offer to do?
A. Build a house for the puppy.
B. Take good care of the puppy.
C. Give the puppy some his food
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题.
8. Why does the man want the door oiled?
A. It's very old. B. It's hard to open. C. k makes too much noise
9. When does the woman usually come home?
A. Late at night. B. In the middle of the day. C. Early in the morning.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What does the man expect for the year?
A. It'll be fun. b. It'll be difficult C. It'll be easy.
11. What does the man plan to do?
A. Major in English. B. Volunteer at the zoo. C. Attend medical school.
12. How often will the woman be volunteering?
A. Every day. B. Every weekend. C. Three days a week.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题
13 Who did the woman just med?
A. A psychologist. B. Her doctor. C. One of her friends.
14 What might be the cause of the woman's sleeping problems?
A. Anxiety. B. Too much work. C. He pills she takes.
15 What does the man suggest?
A. Exercising outdoors.
B. Talking more often to others.
C. Not using the computer for a while.
16. When does the man usually fall asleep?
A. At 8；00 p. m. B. At 9：00 p. m. C. At l0：00 p. m.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
D When did the storm start?
A. This morning. B. This afternoon. C. Last night.
18. Who has been rescued by boat?
A. People living in low areas,
B. People living near the hills.
C. People living near the ocean.
19.How many people are without
A. Thousands. B. Hundreds C. Several.
20.What does the Weather Service suggest people do?
A. Not leave their homes.
B. Turn off their electricity.
C. Drive carefully through water.
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Four remarkable inventions
For more than half a century, the Consumer Electronics Show(CES) has been the place for companies and inventors to display their newest and coolest gadgets.
Here are our picks for some of the most interesting and creative inventions.
The Sweet Little Rolling Robot
Samsung has released Ballie, a tennis-sized robot that can follow you around the house, answer your questions, and entertain your pets. Since it's equipped with a camera, it can keep an eye on your home while you're away. It's like a smart assistant that goes wherever you do, rolling into your bedroom to ring your wake-up alarm, rolling to the kitchen to turn on the toaster and giving you the weather report as you brush your teeth.
The Insoles to Pick Up Your Pact
Any runner knows the right shoes are key to your speed. But Nurvv insoles promise more than mere cushioning. The insoles transmit data to a coaching app, which offers information on your technique and performance. It measures your foot strike and assesses your injury risk. The app then generates personalized workouts to set targets and help you beat your best speeds. Half marathon, here you come!
The No-Studio-Needed Yoga Class
Can't keep up your commitment to a yoga studio membership? The Yoganotch personal yoga assistant lets you drop into a virtual class any time you want. Follow along with a set series while 3-D sensors tell you whether you need to straighten your legs a bit more. The idea it that it improves your form while reducing the risk of injury.
The Dau-Enhanced Grill
While working by sight, smell and feel, a chef may appreciate Weber's new Smart Grilling Hub. It can monitor your pork and turkey while an app gives advice about cooking technique and safe temperatures.
1. What can the Sweet Little Rolling Robot do?
A. Feed your pets. B. Hay tennis with you.
C. Take you wherever you want. D. Assist you to do your housework.
2. Which of the following is suitable for a runner?
A. Ballie. B. Nurvv. C. Yoganotch. D. Smart Grilling Hub.
3. What do we know about the Weber’s invention?
A. It uses virtual reality. B. It is convenient for cooking.
C. It makes meals for you automatically. D. It helps you do well in your yoga exercises.
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个最有趣和最有创意的发明的情况。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“It's like a smart assistant that goes wherever you do, rolling into your bedroom to ring your wake-up alarm, rolling to the kitchen to turn on the toaster and giving you the weather report as you brush your teeth.(它就像一个智能助手，无论你去哪里，它都会滚进你的卧室，敲响你的闹钟，滚到厨房打开烤面包机，在你刷牙的时候为你播报天气预报)”可知，Sweet Little Rolling Robot可以帮助你做家务。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据The Insoles to Pick Up Your Pact部分中“Any runner knows the right shoes are key to your speed. But Nurvv insoles promise more than mere cushioning. The insoles transmit data to a coaching app, which offers information on your technique and performance. It measures your foot strike and assesses your injury risk. The app then generates personalized workouts to set targets and help you beat your best speeds.(任何跑步者都知道正确的鞋子是你速度的关键。但Nurvv鞋垫承诺的不仅仅是缓冲。这款鞋垫可以将数据传输到一个教练应用程序，后者会提供有关你的技术和表现的信息。它会测量你的脚伤并评估你受伤的风险。然后，这款应用会生成个性化的锻炼计划，设定目标，帮助你打破最佳速度)”可知，Nurvv适合跑步者。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“While working by sight, smell and feel, a chef may appreciate Weber's new Smart Grilling Hub. It can monitor your pork and turkey while an app gives advice about cooking technique and safe temperatures.(通过视觉、嗅觉和触觉工作时，厨师可能会欣赏Weber的新智能烧烤架。它可以监控你的猪肉和火鸡，同时一款应用程序会提供烹饪技巧和安全温度方面的建议)”可知，Weber的发明做饭很方便。故选B。
B
Two young brothers from Malden. Massachusetts were in the spotlight Thursday after being named “heroes" by a national organization that recognizes young people doing great things. For the Bennett brothers, the goal of their work is nothing less than helping researchers find a cure for cancer. And their inspiration came from a friend.
Thirteen-year-old Hany Bennett and his nine-year-old brother Heath run their business out of their family kitchen. "We're making lip balm （润唇膏），"Harry says. They got the idea two years ago when their friend, Timmy, was diagnosed （诊断）with cancer. brothers wanted to do something. We learned that cancer patients（ lips and skin can get really dry because of chemotherapy （化疗），Hany says.
A light bulb went off in both of their young heads, and " Bennett Brothers Balm was born. "We make lip balm, which is kind of like our main product/ says Heath. They also make and sell different body balms, all natural, all handmade, while the profits benefit cancer research. "We've raised S 15,000/ Heath says.
And with the great optimism of children, they don't just want to help ； they wont to win. We want to find a cure. We want to help doctors find a cure, Harry explains, The brothers are also Gelding a team for the Light the Night Walk, to fight cancer.
"I think it's great to raise money and help people who have cancer," says Heath. Their parents play a big role as well, but it's the boys who provide the most enthusiasm with a message we can all learn from. "If you want to do something... do it," Harry says. "I just feel very glad that we're helping. It feels very good”， adds Heath.
Harn and Heath just received the S 10,000 Gloria Barron Prize for Young Heroes. Hwy intend to save some of il for college, invest some of it in their business and give the rest to charity. And their friend Timmy? "He's doing great. He's all better, Harry says.
4. What encouraged the Bennett brothers to make lip balm at first?
A. Helping a friend with cancer. B. Finding a cure for cancer.
C. Raising public awareness of cancer. D. Collecting money for cancer patients.
5. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. The two brothers finished their first product.
B. The two brothers came up with an idea.
C. The two brothers struggled for a stress-free life.
D. The two brothers found an effective way to study.
6. What do the Bennett brothers think of their work?
A. It is quite competitive. B. It is well worthwhile.
C. It fails to satisfy their parents. D. lt helps them make a big profit.
7. What does the author intend to tell us with the two brothers' story?
A. Great minds think alike.
B. Two heads are better than one.
C. Young kids can make a big difference.
D. The longest journey begins with the first step.
【答案】4. A 5. B 6. B 7. C
【解析】
【分析】本篇是记叙文。文章讲述兄弟俩研制润唇膏，帮助患癌症的朋友，后来又做慈善，从而获得英雄称号的故事。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“They got the idea two years ago when their friend, Timmy, was diagnosed （诊断）with cancer. brothers wanted to do something. ”可知，他们是在看望患有癌症的朋友Timmy时，产生了为他做点什么的想法。故选A项。
【5题详解】
句意猜测题。根据第二段内容和画线句后" Bennett Brothers Balm was born.”（班纳特兄弟润唇膏诞生了）可知，画线句的意思是“他们产生了新的想法”。故选B项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“I just feel very glad that we're helping. It feels very good.” 可知，兄弟俩对自己所做的事情感到自豪，认为它是十分值得的。故选B项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章讲述兄弟俩研制润唇膏，帮助患癌症的朋友，后来又做慈善，从而获得英雄称号的故事，可以看出尽管他们年幼，但胸怀大志，有所作为，作者想要告诉我们的就是这一点，A. Great minds think alike.（英雄所见略同）；B. Two heads are better than one.（人多智广）；C. Young kids can make a big difference.（孩子也可以有所作为）；D. The longest journey begins with the first step. （千里之行始于足下），故选C项。
C
Italy's fashion capital is gray — not only because of the blocks of stone buildings，but also due to its often-gray sky, which traps pollution. But Milan now wants to change it.
The city has an ambitious plan to plant 3 million new trees by 2030 - a move that experts say could offer relief from the city's hot weather. Some projects have already contributed to environmental improvements. Architect Stefano Boeri’s Vertical Forest residential (居民的) tower, completed in 2014, aims to improve not only air quality but the quality of life for Milan residents. Boeri created a small island of greenery in the heart of Milan, filling every balcony with plants that absorb carbon dioxide.
“I think forestation is one of the best chances that we have today. It is one of the most effective ways we have to fight climate change, because everyone can plant trees, Boeri said.
Damiano Di Simine, a member of the environmental group Legambiente , said the green Milan project will lower temperatures in a city where the nighttime temperature can be 6 degrees Celsius higher than in the surrounding area. City show that Milan experiences 35 hot nights a year. Because the city lies close to the Alps, Milin gets very little wind to lower the city's temperatures. "Planting trees will help this," Di said.
The Vertical Forest has attracted more than 20 species of birds. And the shade provided by the 800 trees and 15,000 plants means that residents rarely have to put on air conditioning, even in hot summers. The Vertical Forest's total greenery- can absorb 30 metric tons of carbon dioxide every year. The presence of green trees has a very important effect on people's health and psychological state, as has already been proved.
8. What change does Milan plan to make?
A. Planting more trees.
B. Creating a new fashion style.
C. Pulling down more gray stone buildings.
D. Doing more surveys to study global wanning.
9. What's Boeri's opinion on the city's plan?
A. It costs a lot.
B. It is unpractical.
C. It fails to attract people's attention.
D. It is helpful to fight against climate change.
10. What is Di Simine's attitude toward the city's plan?
A. Doubtful. B. Supportive.
C. Disappointed. D. Unconcerned.
11. What does the last paragraph focus on?
A. Specifics of the city's plan.
B. Challenges faced by the city.
C. The aim of the Vertical Forest project.
D. The positive effect of the Vertical Forest project.
【答案】8. A 9. D 10. B 11. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文。文章讲述意大利的时尚之都米兰计划要在2030年之前种植300万棵新树，不仅能够改善米兰的气候，而且改变米兰以前的灰色的城市构造。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句“But Milan now wants to change it (但现在米兰想要改变这一现状。)和第二段的第一句“The city has anambitious plan to plant 3 million new trees by 2030 (该市有一个雄心勃勃的计划，要在2030年之前种植300万棵新树。)可知，米兰计划种更多的树，故选A。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段内容“‘I think forestation is one of the best chances that we have today. It is one ofthe most effective ways we have to fight climate change, because everyone can planttrees,’Boeri said. (“ 我认为植树造林是我们现在最好的机会之一。这是我们对抗气候变化最有效的方法之一，因为每个人都可以种树，”博埃里说。)可知，博埃里认为种树有助于对抗气候变化，故选D。

【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Damiano Di Simine, a member of the environmental group Legambiente , said the green Milan project will lower temperatures in a city where the nighttime temperature can be 6 degrees Celsius higher than in the surrounding area.( 环保组织成员Di Simine说，绿色米兰项目将降低这个夜间气温比周围地区高6摄氏度的城市的气温)”和“"Planting trees will help this," Di said.( “植树会有帮助的，”迪说。)”可推断，Di Simine对这个城市计划是支持的。故选B。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段的内容“Hie Vertical Forest has attracted more than 20 species of birds. And the shade provided by the 800 trees and 15,000 plants means that residents rarely have to put on air conditioning, even in hot summers. The Vertical Forest's total greenery- can absorb 30 metric tons of carbon dioxide every year. The presence of green trees has a very important effect on people's health and psychological state, as has already been proved(垂直森林计划已经吸引了20多种鸟类。而800棵树和15000株植物提供的树荫意味着居民很少需要安装空调，即使是在炎热的夏天。垂直森林的总绿色植物——每年能吸收30公吨的二氧化碳。绿树的存在对人们的健康和心理状态有非常重要的影响)”可推断，本段主要讲述垂直森林项目的积极影响。故选D。
D
In recent years people have been focusing on the quality of food that children are fed in schools. Former First Lady Michelle Obama worked hard to make school lunches healthier, resulting in new menus that featured less fat and salt, more fruits and vegetables.
But high-quality nutrients count for little when there is no time to eat them. Amy Ettinger reports, "There is no national standard on how much time kids get to eat that meal. " And with schools being occupied with test scores, teachers are using every available minute for lesson time, which often leaves kids without enough eating time.
This is a problem because the length of the school lunch period is a key factor (因素) in how much nutrition children actually gel. Research has found that having less than 20 minutes for lunch results in children consuming much less of their lunch than those with more than 20 minutes.
This is really terrible. For many low-income kids, that cafeteria lunch can represent half their daily energy intake. There's also another terrible message that it's acceptable to wolf down food as fast as possible before rushing off to your next class. Cafeteria time should be a chance to interact with friends, to learn important social skills, to observe and share varieties of food. It should be a break in day, a chance to relax before heading into the afternoon.
As Ettinger explains some parents are hoping the National Parent Teacher Association will address this issue. This, in turn, would help parents push their kids' schools for better lunch time standards. Meanwhile, if you have a kid in this situation, you can help by packing a healthy lunch to spare them the cafeteria lineup. Make the foods easy to eat, provide non-messy snacks that can be eaten in class, put great effort into serving a hearty breakfast, and sit down as a family for dinner whenever possible.
12. What did Michelle Obama make efforts to improve?
A. The quality of school lunches. B. The performance of school kids.
C. The school lunch time kids have. D. The eating habits of school kids.
13. What happens to children in American schools?
A. They are occupied with many tests. B. They fail to get along with each other.
C. They consume more meat than before. D. They have less lunch time than before.
14. How are low-income kids influenced by the problem at school?
A. They can't go to classes on time.
B. They can't have enough energy.
C. They can't share different kinds of food.
D. They can't hold a positive attitude toward life.
15 What can parents do to solve the problem?
A. Prepare a better lunch for their kids.
B. Stop their kids going to the cafeteria.
C. Force schools to make adjustments to lunch.
D. Guide their kids on how to pack their own lunch.
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. B 15. A
【解析】
【分析】本文为说明文。文章主要说明了美国的孩子们由于忙于学习没有足够时间吃午饭，尤其是低收入的孩子无法吸取足够的营养。文章号召家长给孩子们准备好有营养、容易打开食用的健康午餐。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“In recent years, people have been focusing on the quality of food that children are fed in schools. Former First Lady Michelle Obama worked hard to make school lunches healthier, resulting in new menus that featured less fat and salt, more fruits and vegetables.(近年来，人们一直关注在学校里孩子吃的食物的质量。前第一夫人米歇尔·奥巴马努力让学校的午餐更健康，结果新菜单有更少的脂肪和盐，更多的水果和蔬菜)”可知，米歇尔·奥巴马努力改善学校午餐的质量。故选A项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“And with schools being occupied with test scores, teachers are using every available minute for lesson time, which often leaves kids without enough eating time.(由于学校忙于考试成绩，老师们会用每一分钟来上课，这通常会让孩子们没有足够的吃饭时间)”可知，在美国各地的学校里，午餐时间不足是一个严重的问题。由此可知，美国学校里的孩子们比以前有缺少吃午饭的时间。故选D项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Research has found that having less than 20 minutes for lunch results in children consuming much less of their lunch than those with more than 20 minutes.(研究发现午餐时间不足20分钟的孩子比午餐时间超过20分钟的孩子吃的午餐要少得多)”，再根据第四段中的“For many low-income kids, that cafeteria lunch can represent half their daily energy intake.(对于许多低收入的孩子来说，自助午餐相当于他们每日能量摄入的一半)”可推知，受学校这个问题的影响，低收入家庭的孩子不能吸收足够的营养的。故选B项。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Meanwhile, if you have a kid in this situation, you can help by packing a healthy lunch to spare them the cafeteria lineup.(与此同时，如果你的孩子有这种情况，你可以帮他们打包一份健康的午餐，这样他们就不用去自助餐厅了)”可知，父母可以通过为孩子准备更好的午餐来帮助解决这个问题。故选A项。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Why you should still write and send postcards
Are postcards still relevant in the selfie (自拍)generation? Surprisingly, yes! Postcards are a thoughtful way of showing a person that you care even while far away. ____16____. But here are a few reasons it is still considered good practice to send postcards.
Show your care
____17____ It will take you only a few minutes to write a message and a second to send it. But postcards are different, show effort and thoughtfulness. You need to find the right one, as well as handwriting your message and then send it to the person you love by slow mail. Imagine the time and effort you have to put in simply means the recipient is someone you really care about.
Record your travels
You may use postcards as keepsakes of your travels. They can also double as your travel journal. ____18____. You can create a scrapbook (剪贴簿)of all the postcards you have collected from your travels.
Get one back
A postcard is a pleasant surprise. It is a fun gesture that brings great joy to others. ____19____.
If you and your friends agree to send each other postcards, you can build up a great collection of amazing memories.
Last a lifetime
Postcards are unique and one of a kind, so they are great for safekeeping. Digital photos can get lost. ____20____. They are something you can look back to in the future and be able to share with others as well.
A. Postcards can be sent instantly nowadays
B. Of course, there is the issue of sending them by slow mail
C. Don't expect the similar act from your friends and just send them one
D. Text is now the easiest and fastest way to communicate with someone
E. When you send somebody a postcard, they might send you one back later on
F. You can send one to your home address after you have experienced something wonderful
G. However, postcards can exist for a long time by being hung on walls or placed on a shelf
【答案】16. B 17. D 18. F 19. E 20. G
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了为什么现在还要寄明信片的几点原因。
【16题详解】
上文“Postcards are a thoughtful way of showing a person that you care even while far away.”（明信片是一种深思熟虑的方式，向一个人表达你的关心，即使在很远的地方）指出寄明信片的好处，下文“But here are a few reasons it is still considered good practice to send postcards.”（但是这里有几个原因，寄明信片仍然被认为是好的做法）中But表转折，说明此处会提到寄明信片的弊端，故B项（当然，还有一个问题就是用慢邮件发送）符合语境。
【17题详解】
下文“It will take you only a few minutes to write a message and a second to send it.”（写一条信息只需要几分钟，发一条信息只需要一秒钟）说明此处会提到一种简单快捷的交流方式——发短信，D项中的Text与下文中的message一致，故D项（现在，短信是与人沟通最简单、最快捷的方式）符合语境。
【18题详解】
根据上文“You may use postcards as keepsakes of your travels. They can also double as your travel journal. ”可知，你可以用明信片作为旅行的纪念品。它们也可以兼作你的旅行日记，此处承接上文，讲的是明信片在旅行中的作用，而且F项与空后一句句式一致，都指出了处理旅行明信片的一种做法，故F项（在你经历了一些美妙的事情之后，你可以寄一张到你的家里）符合语境。
【19题详解】
上文“A postcard is a pleasant surprise. It is a fun gesture that brings great joy to others.”（明信片是一个惊喜，能够给别人带来巨大快乐）指出谁收到明信片都会感到非常快乐，此处承接上文，讲的是收到明信片之后的做法，故E项（当你给某人寄明信片时，他们随后可能回寄一张）符合语境。
【20题详解】
上文“Digital photos can get lost.”（数码照片可能会丢失）指出数码照片保存时间短，此处与之对比，说的是明信片可以长期保存，空后一句中的They指代的就是G项中的postcards，故G项（然而，明信片可以挂在墙上或放在架子上很长时间）符合语境。
第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
While we all hear that this or that is bad for us, and the conflicting information can be frustrating （令人沮丧的）to say the least, there is one thing that doctors and experts ____21____warn us about, and that is the use of ____22____containers.
We all want to do what is best for our ____23____. However, it can be hard to ____24____all the newest information and warnings.
While plastic containers can be great for ____25____food, doctors say that we should find a much better way to keep it. New research tells us that we should never ____26____plastic containers to put hot food in, or to heat up food in.
If you've ever heard about BPA （双酚 A） , you've probably heard that it can be ____27____. It is put in the plastic in containers to harden them, but is known to be ____28____to our health.
The problem with BPA is that it can change the timing of puberty （发育期），increase body fat, and ____29____the immune and nervous systems.
Phthalates （塑化剂）are just as bad for your body and are also ______30______in plastic. They are used to make plastic more flexible and can ______31______cardiovascular （心血管的）disease.
We used to think that BPA was ______32______released （释放）into our food when we ______33______our food in these plastic containers in the microwave, but studies show there are more ______34______of these chemicals than we think.
Studies have also shown that putting these plastic containers in the dishwasher can also release these ______35______which means they're not even ______36______after you wash them.
So what are we supposed to do? Experts ______37______buying glass containers. These won't have the chemical issues that plastic containers do, and ______38______ with enough of us buying them, producers will ______39______the price of glass containers, so more and more people can afford to buy them.
______40______this story with your family and friends so that they can be sure to keep their families safe too!
21. A. privately B. consistently C. recently D. apparently
22. A. recycled B. locked C. plastic D. handy
23. A. research B. health C. children D. customers
24. A. keep up with B. put up with C. look forward to D. look back on
25. A. preparing B. serving C. ordering D. storing
26. A. take over B. rely on C. care about D. shut up
27. A. poisonous B. addictive C. different D. cheap
28. A. relevant B. useful C. harmful D. important
29. A. affect B. reflect C. control D. support
30. A. increased B. cleaned C. predicted D. found
31. A. respond to B. contribute to C. fight against D. mix with
32. A. even B. still C. already D. only
33. A. cooked B. preserved C. produced D. harvested
34. A. wastes B. examples C. dangers D. changes
35. A. details B. chemicals C. data D. gases
36. A. special B. convenient C. effective D. safe
37. A. recommend B. continue C. admit D. resist
38. A. suddenly B. personally C. hopeful!' D. proudly
39. A. determine B. compare C. check D. decrease
40. A. Write B. Update C. Share D. End
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. C 35. B 36. D 37. A 38. C 39. D 40. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文。文章分析了塑料容器对健康的害处，建议人们购买使用玻璃容器。
【21题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：医生和专家一直警告我们，使用塑料容器是有害的。A. privately私下地；B. consistently一贯的；C. recently最近；D. apparently似乎。根据语境和常识可知，医生和专家们一直都在警告和提醒我们，使用塑料容器是有害的，故选B。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. recycled回收的；B. locked上锁的；C. plastic塑料的；D. handy便利的。根据下文“While plastic containers can be great”可知，全文在讲塑料容器带来的危害，因此此处说的是塑料的容器。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们都想做一些对我们的健康最好的事情。A. research研究；B. health健康；C. children孩子；D. customers顾客。根据下文“New research tells us that we should never ____6____plastic containers to put hot food in, or to heat up food in.”可知，讲述的是塑料容器对健康不好，因此推断此处说的是我们都想做对我们的健康最好的事情。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：然而，很难对所有最新的信息和警告消息灵通。 A .keep up with赶上；对……消息灵通。B. put up with忍受；容忍；C. look forward to渴望；期待；D. look back on回顾 。根据“However, it can be hard”可知，虽然我们都想做对健康有好处地事情，但我们很难一直更新了解到最新的信息和警告。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然塑料容器对储存食物很有用，但医生们说我们应该找到一个更好的方法来保存它。A. preparing准备； B. serving服务；C. ordering命令； D. storing储存。while引导让步状语从句，由下文“doctors say that we should find a much better way to keep it.”可知，塑料盒子非常适合储存食物，但是医生建议应该找个更好的方式存储食物。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：新的研究告诉我们，我们不应该依赖塑料容器放热食物，或加热食物。A. take over接管； B. rely on依靠；依赖；C. care about在乎；关心； D. shut up闭嘴；安静。 根据下文“never…plastic containers to put hot food in, or to heat up food in.”可推断，我们不能把热食物放进塑料容器里面或是用塑料容器加热食物，故选B。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你曾经听说过双酚A，你可能已经听说过它可能是有毒的。A. poisonous有毒的；B. addictive上瘾的；C. different不同的；D. cheap便宜的。 根据下文“The problem with BPA is that it can change the timing of puberty （发育期），increase body fat”可知，BPA会改变发育期的时间，使人变胖，影响免疫与神经系统。因此BPA是有毒的，故选A。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它被放进塑料容器里，为了硬化它们，这已知是对我们的健康有害。A. relevant有关的；B. useful有用的；C. harmful有害的；D. important重要的 。根据下文“The problem with BPA is that it can change the timing of puberty （发育期），increase body fat”可知， BPA对我们是有害的，故选C。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：BPA的问题是，它可以改变青春期的发育时间，增加身体脂肪，影响免疫和神经系统。A. affect影响；B. reflect反映；C. control控制； D. support支持。根据上文“The problem with BPA is that it can change the timing of puberty （发育期），increase body fat”可知，BPA对我们的免疫和神经系统有影响。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：塑化剂对你的身体同样有害，在塑料中也被发现。A. increased增强；B. cleaned使干净；C. predicted预测；D. found发现。 根据下文“They are used to make plastic more flexible”可知，塑化剂在塑料包装盒里面被发现。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：它们被用来使塑料更灵活，可以导致心血管疾病。A. respond to对……作出反应； B. contribute to导致； C. fight against反对；D. mix with与……混合。 根据上文“Phthalates （塑化剂）are just as bad for your body”可知，塑化剂是对人有害的，因此会导致心血管的疾病。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们过去认为，当我们在微波炉里用塑料容器中烹制食物时，BPA被释放到我们的食物中，但研究表明，这些化学物质的危险比我们想象的要大。A. even甚至；B.still仍旧；C.already已经；D.only仅仅。 根据下文“but studies show there are more _____14_____of these chemicals than we think.”表示转折可知，当食物被放入塑料盒里面烹制时，不仅仅BPA释放到食物中，这些化学成分比我们认为的更危险。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们过去认为，当我们在微波炉里用塑料容器中烹制食物时，BPA被释放到我们的食物中，但研究表明，这些化学物质的危险比我们想象的要大。A. cooked烹调；B. preserved保护；C. produced生产；D. harvested收获。 根据下文“in these plastic containers in the microwave”可知，此处说的是食物被放进塑料容器在微波炉里烹制。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们过去认为，当我们在微波炉里用塑料容器中烹制食物时，BPA被释放到我们的食物中，但研究表明，这些化学物质的危险比我们想象的要大。A. wastes废物；B. examples例子；榜样；C. dangers危险；危害；D. changes改变。 根据more和下文的“than we think”知，不仅仅是BPA被释放到事物里面，这些化学成分的危害要比我们想的更可怕，故选C。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究还表明，把这些塑料容器放在洗碗机里也可以释放出这些化学物质，这意味着在你清洗它们后，它们甚至都不安全。A. details细节； B. chemicals化学物质；C. data数据；D. gases气体。根据上文提到的“these chemicals”可知，放在洗碗机里清洗也会释放出化学物质，故选B。
【36题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究还表明，把这些塑料容器放在洗碗机里也可以释放出这些化学物质，这意味着在你清洗它们后，它们甚至都不安全。A. special特别的；B. convenient方便的；C. effective有效的；D. safe安全的。 根据上文“putting these plastic containers in the dishwasher can also release these”可知，塑料容器清洗也会释放化学物质，因此推断不再安全了，故选D。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：专家推荐购买玻璃容器。A. recommend推荐；B. continue继续； C. admit承认；D. resist拒绝 。根据上文的讲述和“So what are we supposed to do?”可推断，此处专家给出建议，由于塑料盒子不再安全，因此专家推荐购买玻璃盒子，故选A。
【38题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这些不会像塑料容器那样有化学问题，希望我们有足够多的人购买它们，生产商会降低玻璃容器的价格，这样越来越多的人能买得起它们。A. suddenly突然地；B. personally亲自地；C. hopefully有希望地；D. proudly骄傲地 。下文“with enough of us buying them, producers will _____19_____the price of glass containers, so more and more people can afford to buy them.”是作者的希望，买玻璃容器多会让厂家降低玻璃制品的价格。故选C。
【39题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些不会像塑料容器那样有化学问题，希望我们有足够多的人购买它们，生产商会降低玻璃容器的价格，这样越来越多的人能买得起它们。A.determine决定； B. compare比较； C. check核查；D. decrease降低 。根据下文“so more and more people can afford to buy them”可推断，生产商减低玻璃容器的价格，越来越多的人能够买得起。故选D。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：分享这个故事与你的家人和朋友，以便他们也可以确保保护家人的安全。A. Write写；B. Update更新；C. Share共享；D. End结束。根据下文“this story with your family and friends so that they can be sure to keep their families safe too!”可知，作者建议把这个故事分享给家人和朋友。故选C。
第二节(共10小题；每小题 1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Goats are known for being sweet and lovable creatures and they can make humans smile ____41____(simple) by being cute. Now, a research team ____42____(make) up of scientists from the UK, Brazil, and Germany has concluded that goats can actually tell when humans are smiling and that goats greatly prefer happy faces ____43____angry ones.
The researchers wanted to see whether goad could read human expressions, even though they aren't bred to be companion animals. In going about this, the experts showed the goats two ____44____(picture) of an unfamiliar human, one with a happy face and the other ____45____(look) angry.
____46____(complete) this study, the researchers used 35 goats ____47____had already spent time around humans. When the photos were placed in the goats' enclosure, it quickly became clear that the animals liked to be near and spend ____48____(much) time staying with the happy photo than the angry one.
After many trials, the researchers found that regardless of the person's age or gender, goals preferred humans with happy faces.
It turns out that animals that don't have a long history of domestication can still figure out when a human is happy ____49____sad. It should _____50_____(note) that the goats used in this study were cared for by some people, so they were used to being around humans. And the next set of trials has already been scheduled to take place with goats that have not had much interaction with humans at all.
【答案】41. simply
42. made 43. to
44. pictures
45. looking
46. To complete
47. which##that
48. more 49. or
50. be noted
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现山羊实际上可以分辨出人类何时在笑，而且山羊更喜欢开心的脸而不是生气的脸。介绍了研究过程以及事实证明，那些没有长期驯养历史的动物仍然能分辨出人类的快乐或悲伤。
【41题详解】
考查副词。句意：众所周知，山羊是甜蜜和可爱的生物，它们可以让人类微笑，只是因为它们很可爱。修饰后文介词短语by being cute，应用副词simply，作状语。故填simply。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：现在，一个由来自英国、巴西和德国的科学家组成的研究小组得出结论，山羊实际上可以分辨出人类何时在笑，而且山羊更喜欢开心的脸而不是生气的脸。分析句子结构可知make在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语a research team构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填made。
【43题详解】
考查介词。句意：现在，一个由来自英国、巴西和德国的科学家组成的研究小组得出结论，山羊实际上可以分辨出人类何时在笑，而且山羊更喜欢开心的脸而不是生气的脸。结合句意表示“更喜欢……”可知短语为prefer sth. to sth.。故填to。
【44题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：在研究过程中，专家们给山羊看了两幅不熟悉的人的照片，一幅是笑脸，另一幅看起来很生气。picture为可数名词，由two修饰应用复数形式。故填pictures。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在研究过程中，专家们给山羊看了两幅不熟悉的人的照片，一幅是笑脸，另一幅看起来很生气。此处与主句用逗号隔开，中间没有连接词，为独立主格结构“代词+现在分词”，other与look构成主动关系，用现在分词。故填looking。
【46题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：为了完成这项研究，研究人员使用了35只已经在人类周围生活过的山羊。分析句子结构可知complete在句中应用非谓语动词形式，此处作目的状语，应用不定式。句首单词首字母要大写。故填To complete。
【47题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：为了完成这项研究，研究人员使用了35只已经在人类周围生活过的山羊。此处为定语从句修饰先行词goats，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
【48题详解】
考查比较级。句意：当这些照片被放在山羊的围栏里时，很快就发现，动物们喜欢靠近它们，而且比起生气的那张照片，它们会花更多的时间和快乐的照片呆在一起。根据后文“than the angry one”可知应用比较级more。故填more。
【49题详解】
考查连词。句意：事实证明，那些没有长期驯养历史的动物仍然能分辨出人类的快乐或悲伤。此处为选择关系，表示“或者”应用连词or。故填or。
【50题详解】
考查固定句型。句意：需要注意的是，这项研究中使用的山羊是由一些人照顾的，所以它们已经习惯了与人相处。结合句意表示“需要注意的是……”可知句型为it should be noted that…。故填be noted。
第四部分写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌的以下作文。文中共 有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在其下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I admire the cellist Yo-Yo Ma. Born in Paris, France, in 1955, Ma started playing the cello the age of four. When he was seven, he moves with his family to New York City. They attended the Juilliard School, and then that he studied at Harvard University. Ma performed such professionally while studying that he started to become famously. Ma dreamed of connect people around the world through music. And in 1998, he founded an organization calling the Silk Road Project, through what Ma gives cross-cultural music performances with musicians from places like Iran, Mongolia, and Italy. Through his work, Ma has helped people all over the world appreciate various type of music.
【答案】1.cello后添加at
2.moves→moved
3.They→He
4.去掉that
5.such→so
6.famously→famous
7.connect→connecting
8.calling→called
9.what→which
10.type→types
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了大提琴家马友友的个人经历以及他在帮助世界各地的人们欣赏各种类型音乐方面做出的努力。
【详解】1.考查介词。句意：马友友1955年出生于法国巴黎，4岁时开始演奏大提琴。结合句意表示“在……岁时”短语为at the age of。故cello后添加at。
2.考查动词时态。句意：七岁时，他举家搬到了纽约。根据上文When he was seven可知主句应用一般过去时。故moves改为moved。
3.考查代词。句意：他曾就读于茱莉亚音乐学院，然后又去了哈佛大学。根据后文“he studied at Harvard University”可知指马友友应用代词he，作主语。故They改为He。
4.考查句子结构。句意：他曾就读于茱莉亚音乐学院，然后又去了哈佛大学。此处为and连接的并列句，不需要that。故去掉that。
5.考查副词。句意：马友友的专业表演使他开始成名。修饰后文副词professionally，应用副词so，构成so…that…引导结果状语从句。故such改为so。
6.考查形容词。句意：马友友的专业表演使他开始成名。become为系动词，后跟形容词famous作表语。故famously改为famous。
7.考查非谓语动词。句意：马友友梦想着通过音乐将世界各地的人们联系起来。connect作介词of的宾语，应用动名词形式。故connect改为connecting。
8.考查非谓语动词。句意：1998年，他创立了一个名为“丝绸之路项目”的组织，通过这个组织，他与来自伊朗、蒙古和意大利等地的音乐家进行了跨文化音乐表演。分析句子结构可知call在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语organization构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故calling改为called。
9.考查定语从句。句意：1998年，他创立了一个名为“丝绸之路项目”的组织，通过这个组织，他与来自伊朗、蒙古和意大利等地的音乐家进行了跨文化音乐表演。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词organization，作介词的宾语，指物，在“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句中只能用which引导。故what改为which。
10.考查名词的数。句意：通过他的工作，马帮助世界各地的人们欣赏各种类型的音乐。type为可数名词，由various修饰应用复数。故type改为types。
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
52. 假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Lisa发来邮件向你求助。请你根据邮件内容，给她回一 封邮件。
Dear Li Hua,
I want to board at school from this year, but my parents just think I'm too young to look after myself and keep asking me to live at home. They also say I can concentrate more on my study when studying at home, and sleeping alone can make it possible for me to have a good night's sleep. I really don't know how to deal with the disagreement between us. Can you give me your advice?
I'm looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Lisa
注意:词数100左右
Dear Lisa,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hui
【答案】Dear Lisa,
I’m sorry to hear the news and I understand how upset you must be feeling. I think you should insist on your idea.
I know you’re quite independent and you’ve always been dreaming of boarding at school. It’s such a good chance to develop your life skills.
Have a talk with your parents again. First and foremost, you can tell them about your feelings and explain why boarding at school is important for you. It will improve your ability to make your own decision greatly and you can experience a different life you’ll remember for a lifetime. What’s more, I believe your school can care for you and you can call or text your parents regularly while boarding at school. Lastly, you can tell them what you’ve done to prepare for boarding at school to make them relaxed. I hope you can get your parents’ permission and enjoy your life!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于半开放性应用文，要求考生给好朋友Lisa写封信，帮她提出正确处理与父母分歧的建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
坚持：insist on→stick to/persist in
培养：develop→foster/train/cultivate
首先：firstly→initially/ first and foremost/to begin with/in the first place
照顾：care for→take care of/look after
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I know you’re quite independent and you’ve always been dreaming of boarding at school. It’s such a good chance to develop your life skills.
拓展句：I know you’re quite independent and you’ve always been dreaming of boarding at school, which is such a good chance to develop your life skills.
【点睛】[高分句型1] First and foremost, you can tell them about your feelings and explain why boarding at school is important for you.（运用了why引导宾语从句）
[高分句型2] What’s more, I believe your school can care for you and you can call or text your parents regularly while boarding at school. （运用了while引导时间状语从句的省略）
[高分句型3] It will improve your ability to make your own decision greatly and you can experience a different life you’ll remember for a lifetime. （运用了that/which引导定语从句，that/which已经省略，先行词为life）