新人教版高中英语选修4教材（Word版）

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Unit1 SCIENCE flCTON
-Today’s science fiction is tamorrow’s science fact.
—Isaac Asimov
In this unit, you will
1 read famous science fiction.
2 hear and talk about robots and artificial intellligence.
3 write a sci-fi short story.
4 explore the relationship between science and science fiction.

Look and discuss
1 What do you see in the picture? What things does this picture remind you of?
2 Have you read any science fiction? What elements does science fiction usually include?
答案：
Reading and Thinking
Explore the relationship between humans and robots
1 How do robots already help humans in their lives today? What do you think a domestic robot could do for a family in the future?
2 Read the story below, which was originally written by famous science fiction writer Isaac Asimov. Take notes on who these people are and their relationships to each other.
○Larry Belmont
○Claire
○Tony
○Gladys Claffern

SATISFACTION GUARANTEED
1 SATISFACTION GUARANTEE《包你满意》
《包你满意》是科幻作家艾萨克·阿西莫夫(lsaac Asimov)的短篇科幻小说，首次刊载于美国科幻杂志《惊人的故事》1951年4月期。
艾萨克·阿西莫夫(1920—1992)，20世纪世界著名的科幻小说家之一。他是俄裔美国人，一生著述多达四五百种。使他声名远扬的是他的科幻小说，特别是《基地》系列和《机器人》系列。

(Adapted) Audrey Hepburn

2 Tony told her she was being sensitive and was just as good as Gladys.托尼对克菜尔说，她这样想有点敏感，其实她就像格拉迪斯一样好。
“be+ being+形容词”常用来表达被陈述对象行为反常(暂时的特点或表现)以及说话人的惊讶、不满、责备等情绪。如：
Donald is being so quiet: I wonder what he is up to.唐纳德竟这样安静，我不知道他在搞什么鬼。
Everyone thinks that our boss is being particularly generous.我们所有人都觉得老板这次格外慷慨。
3 The guests would be arriving soon, so Claire dismissed Tony for the rest of the night.客人们很快就要到了，克菜尔让托尼结束了当晚的工作。
过去将来进行时由“主语+ would (should+be+ doing”构成，可以表示在过去某一时问之后即将进行的动作，或表示在过去将来的某一时间正在发生的动作。主要用于宾语从句中，尤其多用于间接引语中。如：
Tom hurried to tell us that the president would be arrivng at any moment.汤姆匆忙走来告诉大家，主席随时会到。
George asked Betty what she would be doing at ten o' clock the next day.乔治问贝蒂她第二天十点会在干什么。
dismiss的意思是“把某人打发走；遣散；解散”，相当于 send somebody away和 allow somebody to leave。如：
After the opening ceremony，the students were dismissed.开幕式后学生就解散了。
For some unknown reason, Miss Zeng dismissed the class five minutes earlier than usua.不知什么原因，曾老师比平常提前了五分钟下课。
dismiss还有“将……免职；解雇；开除”的意思。dismiss somebody [from a position]相当于remove somebody from a position。如：
The lawyer hoped to meet the workers who had been unfairly dismissed.律师希望会见被无理解雇的工人。

3 How do you think this story will end? Work in groups and come up with an ending Then listen to the rest of the story. How different is it from your ending?

4 Claire's feelings towards Tony changed as the story developed. Review the story, and then complete the chart.

5 Complete the diagram with the similarities and differences between Tony and a human being. Then use the words in the boxes to describe the similarities and differences.
Comparison
the same as similar to
similarly more like
just as in comparison
in the same way
Contrast
different from but
while whereas
althouch however
on the other hand
in contrast

EXAMPLE
A human being’s facia/ expression changes often, whereas Tony’s never changes.
6 Discuss the questions in pairs.
1 Do you think it is possible for a person to love a robot? Why？
2 What relationship do you think will develop between humans and robots in the future?
Learning About Language
Build up your vocabulary
1 Replace the underlined parts with words of similar meanings from the text Rewrite the sentences if necessary.
1 We believe he is a man of absolute honesty, and trust his words completely.
2 Henry told me that he was in a hurry as he had arranged to see the dentist at 10:00 a.m.
3 Rumours are like sharp knives, cutting one’s sel-respect into pieces. We should be aware of this and not spread unkind news around.
4 Because of the holiday. the students were allowed to go home early.
5 Whoever is charged with a crime should be presumed innocent unti proven otherwise.
2 Match each word with the proper definition below.
1 income A money that someone is paid regularly, usually monthly, by the organisation he or she is working for
2 fee B money given for work done, goods received, etc
3 fare C money paid for work or services, typically on a daily or weekly basis
4 payment D extra amount of money added to somebody’s wages as a reward for hard work or good performance
5 salary E money received from work, investments and so on.
6 bonus F money paid to a professional person or organisation for advice or services
7saving G money paid for a journey on public transport, such as the bus, train,or taxi
8 wage H money saved for a special purpose
3 Complete the passage using the correct forms of the words in the box. Then in pairs share your opinion on Al development.

it would not be surprising if we found it diffcult to distnguish between reality and_______in the future. For example, robots first appeared in sc-if novels, but now robot soldiers have already been_______in war. Robot experts have also built robots that can see, talk, and do other things like humans. Although a robot that looks_______a human than a machine could make many people a bit uncomfortable, we have to admit that it is a_______possibilty. Sophia, curently said to be the most advanced Al robot in the world, is a grea example. She has been interviewed many times, appeared on the covers of magazines and become the first non-human in the world to be given citizenship by a country. When it comes to games, 2017 became a year in which Al defeated humans in so many games that Al researchers say that it will not be long before Al can win at almost everything. So have we lost the_______of being the most intelligent creature? Maybe in the future, as Al becomes even more_______,it will become a major threat to humans. However, some people_________this fear. They believe if Al can handle tasks like calculating and driving for us,we will have more time for creating, thinking, and“being human”.
Review useful structures
1 Scan the reading text and underline all the verbs in the passive voice. Then discuss with a partner why the passive voice is used.
2 Complete the sentences with appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets.Then try to translate these sentences into Chinese.
1 What is done cannot_____(undo)
2 Janet_______chairwoman of the student union last month. (elect)
3 Two hundred grammes of flour should_______to the cake mix. (add)
4 A3000-seat venue_______for the circus performance in November. (build)
5 Working efficiency_________since this new software was adopted.(improve)
6 Only one piece of carry-on luggage_______for each economy class passenger. (allow)
7 It is a great honour for me to_______to address this international Al conference (invite)
8 When I entered the room, I found that the salesman’s salary________at the meeting.(discuss)
9 With exams being adapted into Braille, a blind senior high school student scored 630 points out of 650 in the College Entrance Examination. He is expected to________to a top university. (admit)
3 Read the introduction to a science fiction novel and complete the passage using the correct forms of the words in the box.

Science fiction________by many people as a mirror through which our future can be freely imagined and______.The Three-body Problem,_______by Chinese writer Liu Cixin, is one of those astonishing predictions about the future. The work was frst published in a Chinese sci-fi magazine in 2006 and printed as a three-volume book in 2008. When the first volume______into English by Chinese-American author Ken Liu, it attracted attention around the world, becoming the first Asian winner of the Hugo Award for Best Novel. The bool______many themes such as space exploration, alien contact, Al, and the future of humans.
The Three-body Problem begins with the stores of two unrelated people, Ye Wenjie and Wang Miao, Ye______to join a secret project in a remote area of China, which_______to contact alien ife forms. In the other story, set 20 years later. Wang Miao______in a popular online game called"Three Body", in which people live on an unknown planet with three suns. But Wang discovers it is more than a game-it uncovers a great danger threatening human existence. How are these two people's stories______?And how will their behaviour change Earth’s future and the civilisations of other planets? Answers to all these questions are waiting to______when you go on reading.
Using Language
Voice your opinions on robots and Al
1 Look at the pictures and discuss the questions in pairs.
1 What jobs are these robots doing? What are the pros and cons of robots doing these jobs?
2 What kinds of robots or Al developments do you hope for？

2 Listen to an interview and put these statements in the correct order.
______The host introduces the guest, a sci-fi expert.
______The expert has robots in his home.
______As robots become more intelligent, they may also become more dangerous.
______The host mentions Asmov's Three Laws of Robotics.
_______The expert says robots will have occupations such as teaching and nursing.
_______The line between humans and robots will be more blurred in the future.
_______The host asks about benefits and problems.
_______The host asks if there are robots in the expert’s home.
________In sci-fi stories, robots often become superior and take over.
3 Listen to the interview again and write down the discourse markers that you hear. Make a note of how each discourse marker is used in the interview. Then compare your answers with a partner.

4 In groups, discuss what the expert thinks of the questions and exchange your own views. You may use the following expressions to help you.
Changing the topic

1 What do you know about robot technology? What can robots do?
2 What benefits do you think robots or A will bring? Do you think they will cause problems as well？
3 Do you know anything about Isaac Asimov and his famous Three Laws of Robotics? What do you think of these laws?

4 THREE LAWS OF ROBOTICS机器人三定律
艾萨克·阿西莫夫提出了“机器人三定律”。这三定律是：
一、机器人不能伤害人类，或因不作为(岩手旁观)使人类受到伤害；
二、机器人必须服从人类的命令，除非这些命令与第一定律相抵触；
三、在不违背第一、第二定律的前提下，机人必须保护自己不受伤害。
阿西莫夫于1942年在短篇科幻小说中提出了“机器人三定律”，当时世界上还没有出现机器人。“机器人三定律”对科幻创作产生了较大的影响，此后涌现出了一系列以机器人为题材的科幻小说。

EXAMPLE
A: On, by the way, I saw a programme about robot doctors last night. It was very interesting Do you think robots will do more of these important jobs in the future?
B: Certainly. They will probably do most of our labour for us.
C: Maybe, but that’s beside the point. in my opinion, robots are dangerous! They are much stronger than we are and may be superior to us in the future.
Using Language
Write a sci-fi short story
1 In groups, discuss what you would do if you could time travel.
2 The Time Machine was written in 1895 by famous science fiction writer H.G.Wells. Read an extract from this story, and find out how many times the Time Traveller started the machine.


5 THE TIME MACHINE《时间机器》
《时间机器）是英国作家伯特・乔治・威尔斯(Herbert George Wells)创作的中篇小说，首次出版于1895年。该书讲述时间旅行者发明了一种机器，能够任意驰骋于过去和未来。小说被多次改编成电影和电视，并衍生出许多漫画作品。《时间机器》也启发了一大批同类题材的科幻作品。
威尔斯(1886—1946)，英国作家，一生创作了许多部作品。其中，科幻小说《莫洛博士岛》《隐身人》《星际战争》等影响较大。
6 Tomorrow night came, then skipped to day, again and again, faster and faster still.第二天夜晚降临，接着又跃进到白天。如此反复，越来越快。
still用作副词，可修饰形容词和副词的比较级，表示程度，意为“更；愈”。如：
After careful revsion. the report was better still.经过细心修改，报告更好了。
Mark’s company is hoping to expand its market share in China still further.马克的公司期进一步扩大在中国的市场份额。

3 Read the text again and answer the questions.
1 How does the Time Traveller first know he has travelled through time?
2 How does the Time Traveller feel when travelling through time? What rhetorical devices does the writer use to descrbe his feelings?
3 Why is the Time Traveller worried about stopping the machine?
4 Where does the Time Machine arrive when the man finally stops it?
4 Work in groups. Discuss what might happen next in the story. Use the following questions to help you and make brief notes. Then present your story to the class.
·What date do you think it is when the Time Traveller finally stops?
·What do you think is different about that time from the time he left?
·Who or what do you think the Time Traveller will meet?
·What adventures do you think he will have in the future?
·Do you think he will ever retum to his own time?
5 Imagine and write your own story about a time machine you will inver，and your journey through time. Use the story and the guide below to help you.
1 Think about what your machine will look like. ls lt a vehicle or
a machine?
2 How does your time machine work? What do you have to do to make it work?
3 What period in time do you want to travel to? Think about interesting things and people you would like to see there.
4 Imagine what it might feel like to travel through time. Think
of words to describe this and make your story as vivid as possible.
5 lnclude retorica devices in your story, like metaphors, similes,
overstatements, etc.
6 Exchange your draft with a partner and revise the draft using your partner’s comments.
7 Share your story with the rest of the class.
Assessing Your Progress
1 Complete the following sentences using the correct forms of the words in the box.

1 Batteries are not alowed by airlines in checked luggage, as they might______due to overeating.
2 The new generation of smartphones is greatly_______older version.
3 Since I don't have much time. I need to_______how long it will take me to do the task.
4 Ordered by its master. the Al dog______the book from the bookshelf.
5 I was so pleased to hear the bell ring and our teacher announce, “Class is________.”
6 The company has to_______the space exploration proect due to financial problems.
7 City people are experiencing increasing psychological pressure as a result of a faster_______of life and rising competition.
8 At one time or another, each of us probably_______break the routine of daly life and try something new.
2 Read and complete the following sentences with appropriate forms of the words in brackets. Then think about why the passive voice is used in these sentences.
1 Mobile phones must______during the concert (switch off)
2 When I came here at this time last year, the conference hall_______.(build)
3 Topics like life in the future, Al development, and aliens______in sci-fi. (often found)
4 Do you know which country_______by Italy, Austria, Germany, and France? (border)
5 Continuous research_________on smart schools, smart homes, and smart cities.(conduct)
6 It should______that the result of your examinations will not______.(publicise)
7 It_______that more species wil become extinct if we continue to destroy the ecosystem. (assume)
8 All members of the audience should_______smartly, and the wearing of slippers________in the concert hall. (dress; not allow)

*Project: Design a robot or an Al device
1 In groups, do some research about robots or Al devices in sci-fi films and novels, and write a list of as many robot characters or Al devices as you can think of. Use the Internet to help you.


2 Make a table like the one below and fill in the parts for different robot characters and Al devices on your list.

3 Create your own robot character or Al device. Consider the following questions and make notes.
1 What is your robot or Al device called? Why?
2 What does it look like? Why?
3 What can your robot or Al device do? Why and how?
4 Does it have a personality or specific function? If so, what is it like?
5 What makes your robot or Al device unique?
4 Prepare your design for submission to a science fair using the following guidelines.
·Design a poster or slide presentation showing your creation including a name, title, and pictures of your robot or Al device.
·Write a description of the robot or Al device.
·Make a presentation using your poster or slides.
* Video Time

BEFORE YOU WATCH
Look at the photos from the video and discuss the questions in groups.

1 What do you think these patterns represent?
2 Who or what do you think made these patterns and how?
WHILE YOU WATCH
Answer these questions.
1 Who do some people think the circles are made by?
2 Why did Mr Presley decide to find out more about the circle？
3 Where were other types of circles found?
4 Why do Matthew and his team like making crop circles?
5 What does Matthew think some people use the crop circles for?
AFTER YOU WATCH
Discuss the following questions in groups.
1 Do you believe crop circles are all made by humans or by aliens? What do you think the crop circles represent?
2 What kind of crop circle would you create? Discuss and decide on its appearance and meaning. Draw it on a large sheet of paper. Then present it to the rest of the class.



Unit 2 ICONIC ATTRACTIONS

Whatever makes an impression on the heart seems lovely in the eye.
——Saodi
In this unit, you will
1 read about iconic attractions in different places.
2 hear and talk about what best represents a place.
3 write a description of an iconic animal.
4 learn more about iconic attractions in a city or town.
Look and discuss
1 What do you know about the place in the photo?
2 What are your impressions of this place?
3 Do you know of any other iconic attractions in the world?
Reading and Thinking
Experience the iconic features of Australia
1 Work in groups and discuss the questions.
1 What is the first thing you think of when you think about Australia?
2 What is your impression of Australia based on your experience and/or what you have seen in the media?
2 Skim the text. Match the blog entries to the subheadings. Write the blog entry numbers in the blanks. Two are extra.
______ The foundation of Australia
______Reflections on multiculturalism
______Political divisions
______First impressions
______preparing to travel
______Aborigines and the didgeridoo



1 Located to the south of the equator, below many other countries on the globe, it's often informally referred to as“down under”。(澳大利亚)位于赤道以南，并在地球上很多国家的下方，它常被非正式地称为“down under”。
文中down under的字面意思是“底下”，是澳大利亚的一个非正式的别称。 down under还可以指新西兰。在实际使用中， down under还可以用大写，即Down Under。
2 The influence of Asian cultures, on the other hand, led to the introduction of bean curd and Asian herbs, along with Australian versions of foods like the Chinese-inspired dim sim.另一方面，受亚洲文化的影响，除了灵感源自中国的点心等澳大利亚版的食物以外，还引入了豆腐和(用于调味的)亚洲药草。
在文中，dim sim特指灵感源自中国的、澳大利亚版的点心，通常有肉和蔬菜馅，类似于饺子、烹任方式主要是炸或蒸。如果拼写成 dim sum,就是通常意义上的中式(尤指广式)点心或茶点。
3 Most of their musical instruments are really just sticks found on the ground, among which there is an amazing instrument called the didgeridoo.他们绝大多数的乐器其实就是地上找到的树枝，其中就有一种令人惊叹的、叫作迪吉里杜管的乐器。
迪吉里杜管，又译作“狄洁里都号角”，是澳大利亚土著部落的传统乐器，也是世界上最古老的乐器之一。它实际上是一根内部被白蚁蛀成空心的枝干。演奏者在使用该乐器时通过嘴唇的动和循环换气的技巧，能够制造出独特的回响效果。迪吉里杜管已经成为土著人文化艺术的瑰宝，从某种意义上来说，也已经成为澳大利亚文化的一个象征。


3 Read the text again and take notes. Then use your notes to answer the following questions.
1 What does“down under”mean?
2 How has Australian cuisine been influenced by different cultures? Give two examples.
3 What is the main theme reflected in Aborginal music and why?
4 What are the writer's first and biggest impressions of Australia? Why?
4 Did you find your notes helpful? Discuss how your notes can be improved.
5 Work in groups. Discuss what iconic Chinese attractions you would like to introduce to a foreigner and explain why.
Learning About Lanquaqe
Build up your vocabulary
1 Write down the word that matches each definition. Make a sentence with each word.
1________an imaginary line around the earth at an equal distance from the North and South Poles.
2________an outdoor meal with food cooked on a metal frame over a fire
3________a plant that is used to improve the taste of food, or to make medicine
4_________someone who owns or works in a shop that sels meat
5_________the establishing of a new institution or organisation
2 Read the following pairs of sentences and find out which underlined word has the same meaning as the one used in the reading text.
1 A The partners agreed to make a joint effort to meet the project deadlines.
B There are many burger joints in Bondi Beach one of Australia’s most famous tourist spots.
2 A The premier of the Australian govemment is called the Prime Minister.
B The Sydney Opera House is a performing arts centre in Sydney. It is one of the 20th century’s premier buildings.
3 A Australian Engish is particular different from other types of English in its pronunciation, so it is rather straightforward to recognise an Australian accent.

B Many Austraians have a straightforward approach to life.
4 A A minority of frogs in the forest are poisonous, and locals extract the poison to use on the tips of their arrows.
B Ethnic minority groups in China are often entitled to special funds from the government to help protect their cultural heritage.
3 Read an advertisement on Thailand's iconic attractions. Fill in the blanks using the correct forms of the words in brackets.
Thailand s a premer holiday destination, attracting tourists from all over the word. Consisting of 76 provinces that________(stretch) all the way down to Malaysia in the south, the country has a lot to offer and is a great getaway. A major attraction of Thailand is its amazing selection of islands, each with long sandy beaches and dear be water. Visitors to the beaches can enjoy many actities,_______(include)diving, kayaking, and rock climbing. Finding the islands is not________(complicate), and there are a variety of islands to suit all tastes. Be careful，however, not to go to popular islands during peak season, unless you want to_______(wrestle) with other tourists! Many tourists also enjoy visiting Chiang Mai to see the beautiful elephants, the national animal and proud________(iconic) of Thailand. Unfortunately,
elephants are_______(endanger) in Thailand, but special parks have been set up to protect their safety and freedom. Visitors can see these________(amaze)creatures in their natural domain, and also sponsor an elephant to preserve its health and liberty.
Review useful structures
1 Work in groups and read the text again to find as many examples of past participles as possible. Then discuss whether each past participle functions as an attribute, adverbial, predicative, or object complement.
EXAMPLE
Located to the south of the equator, below many other countries on the globe, it is often informally referred to as “down under”.(located/adverbial)

2 Fill in the blanks with the help of the beginning letters. Then rewrite the sentences without using past participles and recognise the difference.
1 D_________into 32 counties, Ireland brings in hundreds of thousands of visitors each year due to its golf tourism.
2 Cuba is just south of America, s______from it only by the Straits of Florida. It is a country K_______for its exciting music and dancing.
3 With many parts of the world not m______yet, researchers have begun a proect that involves traveling around the world and taking sample photographs.
4 I______by the first European setters to Australia, the Sunday roast is now considered typical Australian food.
5 E________to the freezing weather, many brave tourists and scientists still choose to visit Antarctica.
6 I______by Chinese culture, many capital cities now have Chinatowns which are in themselves popular tourist attractions.
3 Below is a passage about the history of the Eiffel Tower before it was considered an iconic attraction. The text contains quite a few verb form mistakes. Correct the mistakes on your own. Then compare your corrections with a partner.

Using Language
Discuss what best represents a place
1 What do you know about New Zealand? Do some research to find out more about the following Which attracts you the most?

2 Listen to a radio programme called Amazing New Zealand. Three speakers are talking about what they believe to best represent New Zealand. Match the speakers with their jobs and their choices.
Dave Edmonds
Felicity James
Jane Smith

writer of the Fantastic Life blog
business journalist
editor of Word Nature magazine
the geothermal parks
the New Zealand experience
the Bay of Islands
3 Listen again and take notes. List the reasons given by the speakers why these three things best represent New Zealand.

4 How do the speakers sum up their opinions?
Complete their sentences with the words you hear.
1______，the Bay of Islands is really what best represents New Zealand.
2_______，the places that best represent New Zealand are the geothermal parks.
3________，I would like to suggest that tourists not just visit iconic places in New Zealand-they should experience its culture.
5 In groups, discuss what best represents China. Brainstorm the following topics and take notes.
·the cultural centre
·the centre(s) of various cuisines
·the best place to see nature
·the most diverse region
·the economc centre
·the music centre
·the best place to experence history
·the place with the best quality of life
6 Choose one place to give a presentation on. Use the expressions below to help you.
Describing special features of a place

Describe an iconic animal
1 Read the text and then answer the questions on page 21.

Using Language



4 They sleep and drink milk in that temporary, protected environment until they are about seven or eight months old.大约七八个月大之前，它们一直待在那个暂时受保护的环境里睡觉和吃奶。
until用来表示在某个特定的时间之前，谓语的动作一直在延续。因此，until并不总是用于not…until…的结构中。如果谓语动词是延续性动词，就直接用until引导时间状语；如果动词为瞬间动词，则用not…until。
【思考】试比较下面两组句子，并将其译成汉语。
He wated unt she had fnighod all hor work.
He dion't eave until she had finished al her work.
He kept knocking on the door until his wife let him in.
He didn’t stop knocking on the door until his wife let him in.
5 The noise they make could wake the dead.它们发出的声音可以吵醒死人。
wake the dead在这句话中是一种夸张的修辞手法，可以让读者对声音之大有更鲜明的印象。英语中还有很多使用夸张手法的表达。如：
She wept oceans of tear.s她泪如泉涌。
The money was spent in the blink of an eye.一眨眼的工夫，钱就花完了。
I have given my last ounce of strength to my work.我对我的工作已竭尽全力了。
Look at the floor! Mountains of rubbish have been thrown there.看看地板！扔的垃圾都堆成山了。
在上面的句子中， oceans of tears, n the blink of an eye, last ounce of strength、 mountains ot
ubon都是夸张的表达方式，目的是使句子的表达更形象，更有感染力
6 There are only a small handful of animals in the world that can do that!世界上只有很少的动物可以那样做！
handful用来表示“一把(的量)；用手抓起的数量：少数人(或物)。如：
a handful of coins一把硬币 a handful of rice一把米
City kids can probably see only a handful of stars.城里的孩子可能只能看到很少的星星。
He published nothing except a handful of short stories.除了为数不多的几篇短篇小说，他没发表过什么东西。
There were only a handful of people present at yesterday' s meeting.昨天的会议只有几个人出席。

1 When do baby kangaroos begin to spend less time with their mothers？
2 Why shouldn't you try to pet a wild kangaroo?
3 What do koalas spend most of their time doing?
4 Why has the government made it against the law to handle koalas?
5 What two things about Tasmanian devils can bother people most?
6 What do Tasmanian devils like to eat?
7 What makes the way duck-billed platypuses give birth so different from other mammals?
8 What is the unique way used by duck-biled platypuses to find food?
2 Read the text again. How does the writer describe these animals? Find at least three rhetorical devices the writer uses to arouse the reader’s interest.
3 Write a description of an iconic animal in China.
1 In groups, brainstorm a list of four conic animals.
2 Do some research and make notes. For example:
·where they live
·what they eat
·what they look like
·how they are different from other animals
·how they interact with people
·any other unusual or interesting facts about them
3 Using your notes, write a description of one of these animals. Remember to use some rhetorical devices to make your writing vivid and interesting.
4 Exchange your draft with a partner. See whether the writer does a good job of describing the animal. Take your draft back and revise it using your partner’s comments.
5 Present your description to the rest of your class.
Assessing Your Progress
1 Complete the sentences using the correct forms of the words in the box.

1 The iconic Beijing National Stadium，also known as the"Birds Nest", has a____________of 80,000.
2 Special tiger reserves with fences have greatly improved the_________of the wild tiger population across India, and local police are now entitled to give longer prison sentences to hunters.
3The______of the boat trips between the islands falls greatly in bad weather when stormy waves make such journeys especially difficult.
4 The largest native bird of Australia is the emu. Male emus are good fathers-after their babies are_________.they take care of them until they are nine months old.
5________are an essential component of traditional Chinese medicine.
6__________tornado storms have been known to cause severe damage in America's famous“Tornado Alley” area.

2 Fill in the blanks using the appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets. Then reorder these sentences to make a passage. Find out the link between the Grand Bazaar and the Silk Road.
_____A_______(construct)as part of a larger political plan, the market was established to improve the city’s overall economy and prosperity.
_____B By the 17th century，the two markets and their surrounding areas had joined together to create a giant market that became an important part of the Sik Road,_______(link) Europe to Asia.
_____C As for the future,_______(inspire)by its own history. the Grand Bazaar(大巴扎集市)is stil growing, with many shops opening nearby, offering cheaper prices that attract even the locals.
______D Today. the Grand Bazaar is extremely iconic._______(mix) Turkey's glorious trade history with its special brand of modern cultural tourism.
_______E At first, the Grand Bazaar_______(sell)mostly textiles, but it soon expanded into seing books jewellery, furniture, food and a lot more.
_______F The market that was originally buit was quite small in comparison to today’s Grand Bazaar. Some years later, another market_______(open) nearby.
_______G The Grand Bazaar in Istanbul, Turkey, has a long history_______(date) back to1455.

*Project: Introduce an iconic attraction in your city or town
1 In groups, brainstorm the kinds of things that people would most like to experience when they travel to a new place. Examples include:

Apart from these, what other kinds of things can you think of?
2 Do some research and come up with three iconic attractions that may best represent your city or town. Think about what people can experience there.
3 In groups, compare your lists. Discuss which attractions are the most impressive and representative, and come up with a final list of the top three.
4 Each of you should write about one attraction from the list and explain why it is worth visiting.
EXAMPLE

5 Give a presentation in class to introduce the city or town. You could even include a video of the attraction.
*Video Time

BEFORE YOU WATCH
Match the following things.
1 Aborigines A “Alice”
2 an Aboriginal group in Alice Springs B good tucker
3 good food C billy cans
4 what the women are carying on their heads in the race
D indigenous groups
5 what a tourist decides to name her animal sculpture
E indigenous groups
6 white people F the Aranda people
WHILE YOU WATCH
1 Check your answers in Before You Watch.
2 Circle the best words to complete the sentences below.
1 lndependent/indigenous groups from across Australia's desert centre have come to share with one another on the sacred/secret grounds of the Aranda people in Alice Springs.
2 They might be using billy cans instead of wooden bones/bowls but the activities are helping keep alive traditions which might otherwise be skiing/sipping.
3 It's presenting an alternative picture of a national hstory/ story which can look very apparen/different for black and white Australians.
4 That's what we are trying to do with this festival-bring non indigenous people to us. hear/share our culture with them, and our history, in the hope that they feel ike that part of the nation’s history is part of their own aignity/identity.
5 As night falls in the small object/pocket in the heart of Australia, people have been brought closer together, at least for a few days/in a few ways.
AFTER YOU WATCH
Discuss the following questions in pairs.
1 Why do you think this festival is important to Aborigines? What about non-indigenous people?
2 What interested you most in the video? Why?
3 What opportunities do you have to experience and ea about different cultures in China?

Unit 3 EXPLORATLON
They (oceans) provide a breeding ground for life, connect the world and promote development.
-Xi Jinping
In this unit, you will
1 read about sea exploration in the past and now.
2 hear and talk about protecting life in the sea.
3 write an argumentative essay about sea exploration.
4 Appreciate the sea through poetry.
Look and discuss
1 What do you think of when you see the photo?
2 What sea animals and plants do you know?
3 What words would you use to describe the sea?
Reading and Thinking
Learn about sea exploration
1 Do you know any stories about sea voyages? Share your story with a partner.
2 Look at the title and skim the text. Decide what type of essay it is.

REACHING OUT ACROSS THE SEA



1 In ancient times, silk from China found its way overland to India, the Middle East，and Rome, along what became known as the Silk Road.在古代，中国丝绸经由一条陆路运到印度、中东和罗马，这条路就是有名的“丝绸之路”。
句中的 what引导宾语从句，相当于along the road which became known as the" Silk Road"(what等同于the road which)。如：
After what seemed a long time, the old man finally woke up.许久之后，老人终于醒过来了。
2 Du Huan' s Record of My Travels杜环的《经行记》
杜环，中国唐代旅行家。天宝十年(公元751年)，他在怛罗斯域(今哈萨克斯坦塔拉兹城附近)与大食(阿拉伯帝国)军作战时被俘。其后，他游历非洲，成为第一个到过非洲并有著作的中国人。公元762年，杜环乘船回国，著有《经行记》，可惜已失传，只有杜佑的《通典》引用此书，有1500余字保留至今。《经行记》是记录八世纪中叶中外经济文化交流及西亚和中亚风土人情的珍贵资料。
3 These fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of their own at that time.这些船队在当时为壮观，独领风骚。
behold意为“目睹；看见”。 a sight to behold 意思是“壮观的景象”。类似的表达还有a joy/peasure/wonder to behold。如：
The beauty of the mountain village is a pleasure to behold.山村之美让人赏心悦目。
The Great Wall is a wonder to behold.长城看上去令人惊叹。
be in a league of one's own的意思相当于 be much better than the rest。如：
As a dancer,she' s always been in a league of her own.作为舞者，她始终技压群芳。
When it comes to spoken English，I' m not in her league(= she is much better than me).说到英语口语，我远不如她。
【思考】1eague表示“水平；等级”时，常见的搭配还有out of one's league。你能猜出下面这句话的意思吗？
This house costs too much and is way out of my league.
4 The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, which is part of the Belt
and Road Initiative.随着作为“一带一路”倡议组成部分的“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的提出，郑和航行过的古代航道而今再度受到关注。
revisit在句中作“重提”解，也有“再访；重游”的意思。如：
This proposal is worth revisiting at a later date.这个提案值得以后进一步探讨。
Hangzhou is a city which many people would like to revisit.杭州是一个很多人愿意再次游览的城市。

3 Read the text again. Write down the main idea of each paragraph.
4 Scan the text and fill in the table with the correct names.

5 In groups, discuss the following questions Make notes under two columns Facts and Opinions.
·Which countries reached out across the sea in the past and why?
·What benefits and problems did those countries get from doing this?
·What effects did reaching out across the sea in the past have on the world?
·What do you think is the significance of the Belt and Road Initiative?
Learning About Language
Build up your vocabulary
1 Write down the word that matches each definition. Then find the sentences containing these words in the text.
1________an imaginary story or an exciting description of an event
2________related to the king or queen of a country
3________to reach an agreement by discussion
4________to stop taking part in an activity
5________to make something longer or larg
6________a connection between people
7________a level of quality, ability, etc.
8________a deep passage of water used as a route for ships
Choose the appropriate words from above to complete the following sentences.
1 Their common experience created a strong________between them.
2 As a major figure in British politics, Churchill was in a________of his own.
3 The deadline has been_______by two days.
4 I'm reading a book about folk________and ancient legends.
2 Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the phrases in the box.

1 Henry Norman Bethune devoted his life and profession to helping people without expecting anything____________.
2 Last summer we visited an island in the Indian Ocean, whose rocky coastline and long golden beaches were______________.
3 The tennis player_____________several tournaments due to injury.
4 With lots of food and drink______________,they set off for their picnic.
3 Complete the passage below with the correct forms of the words in the box.

In 1519, Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese adventurer, made the first voyage around the world. On 14 June 2008, nearly 500 years later, a 16-year-old American boy, Zac Sunderland,__________on a similar joumey. After 13 month, he returned with a new word record: the youngest person ever to sail around the world.
Zac grew up on a boat and learnt how to sail when he was four, which________of his success. As a child. Zac read a book about Robin Lee Graham who had sailed around the world alone as a teenager in 1965. Zac was greatly inspired by Graham’s___________After his 16th birthday, Zac started making plans for his journey. Using his own money, Zac bought a boat and set off.
________is often a mixture of danger and__________.Zac had to_________through heavy storms and get by on little sleep on his journey. It was boring to stay on a boat all day, so Zac read lots of books! He also emailed his family using his laptop, telling them
about his experences around the world.
When the journey ended, Zac's adventure received widespread media coverage. At his press conference, he talked about how passion and courage made his dream come true. in his opinion, there's so much that people can achieve with the right_________and ambition.Just go for it!
Review useful structures
1 Find all the sentences containing infinitives in the reading passage. Then mark their functions.

2 Join the words to make sentences using infinitives. Then decide the function of each infinitive.
EXAMPLE
It is fun/visit an aquarium/in summer
It is fun to visit an aquarium in summer. (S)
1 He/encouraged me/participate in the surfing competition.
2 The storm/seems/be getting closer
3 Magellan/was the first person/sail around the world
4 The UN peacekeeping force/aims/maintain peace and prevent armed conficts.
5 The crowd/stood/applaud/scentists/for their important ocean research work
6 It is a good idea/tax/plastic bottles/so that people use them less
7 The Jiaolong manned submersible/is said/be able/reach 7 km underwater.
8 It remains/be seen/whether or not his capsule can work.
3 Read the beginning of The Little Mermaid and use the proper forms of the verbs in brackets to fill in the blanks. What do you think happens next?
far out in the ocean, where the water is as clear as gass, lives the Sea King The ocean is too deep________(measure). We may imagine there is nothing except yellow sand under the sea, but actually it is not rare_______(see) the most unique flowers and plants_______(dance)in the fast-moving water. ln the deepest spot of all stands the Sea King’s castle, which has walls of coral and a roof______(form)of beautiful shells.The mother of the king, a wise woman who is Proud_______(be) born into the royal Family, takes care of his six daughters. Among the six sea-princesses, the youngest is the Prettiest. Although she has delicate skin like a rowe-leaf and eyes as blue as the deepest sea, she has no feet but a fish tail ust like her sisters. The most common way for Princesses________(play)all day long15______(swim)in the halls of the castle or among the flowers growing out of the walls, feeding and touching the fish_______(swim)up to their hands through the windows. They secm______(not worry)about anthing,except for the youngest,who…
Using Language
Get to know about whales and other sea animals
1 Read the poster below and discuss the questions.
1 What aspect of the camp would you like best?
2 Do you think it is Important to carry out research on whales and other sea creatures?

2 Listen to the head researcher talking to the campers at the end of the day. What three things were the campers asked to do?

1___________________________________
2___________________________________
3____________________________________
3 Listen to Lukes part of the conversation again. Number the following sentences in the correct order. Then work out what they have done at the camp.
After that, we gave the group of whales a name, and each member a number.
They will be added to the directory so we can identify them in the future.
Most whales have slightly different fins and marks, which can help us to tell them apart.
Meanwhile, we also noted their location, so we can track their movements and plot their migration path.
Then we took pictures of their fins.
Finally, we contacted other whale research groups around the world to share the information with them.
First,we followed a group of whales with the boat.
Later,we created a database of their fins and locations.
4 Listen to the conversation again and answer the questions.
1 How many species of whales are there?
2 What is the criterion to divide the main types of whales?
3 What do whales use sounds for?
4 Why do the campers take pictures of the whale’s fins?
5 Why do they contact other research groups?
5 Some of the students could not make it to the camp. Imagine you were there.Tell your partner about what happened, using the expressions in the box below. Your partner can also ask questions to find out more about what happened.
Expressing sequence

EXAMPLE
A: Today we learnt about whales and whale research. First, we found some information and facts about whales. We used the library and the Intemet.
B: What did you do after that?
…
6 Watch the video Protecting Biodiversity, and then discuss what other sea animals you would like to see. Talk with your partner and make a plan for a trip to see the animals. Your plan should include activities you would like to do.

Using Language
Express your opinions on sea exploration
1 Read the two texts below and find the arguments and evidence in them.

2 Look at the two charts below and decide which one supports which text.

3 In groups, discuss the following questions and take notes.
1 What is your opinion about sea xploration? Do you agree with one argument more tha the other?
2 Has your opinion changed after reading the two texts? Why or why not?
3 Are there any other aspects of sea exploration not mentioned that you think are important?
4 Based on your note, write an argumentative essay on sea exploration, expressing your opinions with supporting facts.
1 The folowing questions may help you.
·What is the purpose of sea exploration?
·How does sea exploration help us to protect the sea?
·How does sea exploration cause damage to the sea?
·Is there a good balance between protection and exploitation?
2 Use the PEEL method to help structure your argument.
Point What point do you want to make?
Evidence What facts and examples can you find to support your point? How reliable are the sources?
Explanation Explain how the facts support your opinion and show other opinions to be incorrect.
Link Connect this point to the next point, or back to the main point of the essay or paragraph.
3 Write your draft and exchange it with a partner.
4 Get your feedback and revise your draft.
Assessing Your Progress
1 Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the words in the box.

1 After finishing his workout, he updated his fitness________.
2 In the fnal match. his_______ will be stronger and more experienced.
3 In a classical music concert. the audience_________politely at the end of the performance.
4 I couldn’t find your name in the telephone________.
5 A $5 million reward has been announced for information leading to the arrest of those responsible for the________.
2 Complete the passage below with the proper forms of the verbs in brackets. What do you think happened to the son?
Have you ever seen a seal? It has a round belly with a thick skin_______(Keep)itself warm. Its big eyes seem________(be) those of an innocent child. when wou look into its eyes, you may feel closely______(connect) to it.
Actualy, People in ancient times did believe seals and human beings________(be)the same. As legend has it, an old couple by the sea once heard a baby______(cry). They hurried to the water only_____(find) a baby seal there. They took it back home, fed it, and raised it as their son. Gradually, the baby seal grew up,________(look) just like a human being, The old couple allowed him_______(go)anywhere except near the sea. The son loved his parents so much that he promised________(not swim).
One day, the father went________(fish)out at sea, when the weather suddenly changed. The ship struggled on the stormy sea,______(rolb) with each heavy wave. His wife watched the homble scene,______(cry) hopelessly. All of a sudden, the son jumped into the wild sea______(save)his father.He swam as fast as Iightning, just like a seall finally, the father was pushed to the shore alive, but this old couple never saw their son again.

*Project: Create a poster for World Oceans Day

1 Pick a theme you want the day to be about.
Surf the Intemet for stores about the sea to inspire you. You can pick a serious issue, or you can focus on a theme to show people how amazing the sea is.

2 Research your theme.
Find out as much about your theme as you can. Use the Internet and your school library.
3 Come up with a short slogan for your theme.
Choose a short, catchy title. You can also think of ways to promote your theme on social media.
4 Brainstorm ideas for the design of your poster and what to include.
What do you want it to look like? What design would be most effective? What information do you want to include? What images do you want to use?
5 Create an event that will take place on the day.
Give a time and date for the event, and some details of what will happen.

6 Put everything together to complete your poster. Then give a short presentation to the class.
*Video Time

BEFORE YOU WATCH
Look at the pictures from the video below. What do you think these people are doing?

WHILE YOU WATCH
1 Check your answers in Before You Watch.
2 Circle the best words to complete the sentences below.
1 The sea covers over/under two-thirds of our planet.
2 Kexue is regarded as a moving laboratory/factory on the sea.
3 The LOCAS is the institute/initiative of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Scientists.
4 The Faxian vehicle has surveyed more than 3.000/400 sites and has collected 3/3, 000tons of geological samples.
3 Answer the following questions.
1 When was Kexue first put into operation?
2 What is the function of Faxian?
3 What did lOCAS conduct research on the Western Pacific Ocean System for?
4 Why is marine science important for China today?
AFTER YOU WATCH
Discuss the following questions in pairs.
1 Human beings have explored less than 5% of the worla's oceans. Why do you think we have explored so little of the oceans so far?
2 What do you think is the difference between Zheng He's voyage 600 years ago and China's sea exploration today?
Unit 4 SHARING

As you grow older, you will discover that you have two hands, one for helping yourself. the other for helping others.
-Sam Levenson
In this unit, you will
1 read about volunteering in Papua New Guinea.
2 hear and talk about types of volunteering and organisations
3 give a speech about China's aid to other countries
4 learn about volunteers at home and abroad.

Look and discuss
1 What do you think is happening in the photo?
2 Think about the things you do to help other people, Write them down and share with your partner.
3 Share your experiences as a volunteer, if you have any.
Reading and Thinking
Help the needy
1 A young Australian, Jo, worked for two years as a volunteer teacher in Papua New Guinea. What challenges do you think she might have faced?
2 Read the blog entries by Jo. As you read. underline the parts of the text you read slowly. Then compare your reading pace with a partner.



1 There's no electricity or running water and not even textbooks, not to mention laptops, tablets, or other modern devices!那儿没有电，没有自来水，基至没有课本，更别提笔记本电脑、平板电脑或者别的现代化设备！
not to mention意为“更不必说”。如：
There is not enough water, not to mention food.水都不够，更不必说食物了。
He is not only intelligent but also considergte, not to mention(that he is)very handsome.他既聪明又体贴人，更不用说他还很英俊。
2 It was such a privilege to have spent a day with Tombe's family.和汤贝一家人度过了一天，真是荣幸。
这里的 to have done,是动词不定式的完成时。动词不定式的完成时表示动作发生于谓语动词之前。如：
He seemed to have been told the truth.他看起来已经得知真相了。(to have been told表示被告诉真相发生于动词seem之前，相当于 lt seemed that he had been told the truth.)
There is no need to have bought such a big house.没有必要买那么大的房子。(to have bought表示房子已经买了)
I happened to have read that book before.我碰巧以前读过那本书。(to have read表示之前就已经读过那本书了)

3 Answer the following questions.
1 What do you think“the bush”means?
2 What has been Jo's most challenging subject to teach? Why?
3 What did Jo notice about the homes in the village she visited?
4 What did Jo notice after the meal?
5 What is Jo’s general impression of the place and people there?
4 Analyse Jo's impressions of life in the village she visited.

5 In groups, discuss these questions.
1 Jo felt it was a privilege to have spent a day with Tombe's family, if you were o, how do you think you would have felt? Why?
2 What are the differences between the school you go to and the one described in the passage?
3 Would you like to become a volunteer teacher? Why or why not?
Learning About Language
Build up your vocabular
1 Complete the word puzzle with words from the blog entries. Can you find the hidden message?

Hidden message:_____________
2 Xu Yuan is a volunteer in Ghana. What does she think of the country and experience? Complete the passage with the words below.

Xu Yuan, a 52-year-old Chinese volunteer in Ghana, was interviewed on a TV programme. According to Xu, the________ conditions in Ghana are not that bad. However. she admitted that she once had a memorable experience plugging holes in her roof in order to keep the rain out. Xu said "Actually, I don’t really care about my living conditions. The only thing that has made me uncomfortable has been the________of hot water. ”She regrets not bringing a_______to Ghana to boil the water she needs. Some of the medicine she has broucht with her works better with hot water. But any discomfort is______to helping the needy. She believes. Xu enjoys her volunteer experience and considers it a good opportunity to_________herself out of her comfort zone and to explore the world. "One of my dreams is to work in Africa and continue to help the disabled after I resign from my job. I think everyone deserves to be happy. she said.
3 Divide the following words into groups. Explain how you have grouped them Then add more words to the groups.

4 Imagine you are going to donate three things to poor children in the countryside. What will you donate and why?
Review useful structures
1 Identify the phrases in the following sentences and state their functions. Mark noun phrases as NP, verb phrases VP, adverbial phrases Advp,adjective phrases Adjp, and prepositional phrases PrepP.
EXAMPLE
My serondanschonl is a bush school.
NP(subject)
NP (predicative)
1 I’ve been dying to have some of my favouite sweets, and ts always nice to get mail!
2 The mmture was bubbling out of the test tube spiling everywhere!
3 Tombe's father, Mukap, a man with a strong jaw and a wrinkled forehead, led us to his house.
4 He then placed the hot stones in an empty oil drum with kau kau(sweet potato), ripe corn, and greens.
5 Later, I noticed a can standing upside down on the gril over the fire.
6 My muscles were aching and my knees shaking as we dragged ourselves down the mountain towards home.
2 Complete the passage with the phrases below in their proper forms.

China has offered_______to many countries in its Belt and Road Initiative. In the Congo,many______ have been transformed into_______since then. Trains run______Europe from China, and to China from Europe, bringing new jobs and opportunities to both ends.Chinese healthcare workers have also been sent to provide aid to places_______.Despite all the diffculties volved in this proect, these efforts have been greeted with_______ support from the locals.
3 Imagine you are an editor of a volunteer website. Add phrases to the following advertisement to make it more exciting.

Using Lanquaqe
Meet student volunteers
1 Have you or someone you know ever worked as a volunteer? Tell your partner about the experience.
2 Listen to the conversation and complete he table below.




3 Listen to the conversation again and then answer the following questions.
1 Why does Tony want to join the meeting for student volunteers?
2 What is the objective of the meeting today?
3 What kind of volunteer work did the students do last year?
4 What kind of volunteer work does Tony's entire school do every year?
5 Who suggests going to the childrens hospital for this years volunteer project
4 Think about the following questions and write down your ideas
1 Do you think students doing volunteer work is of any use? Why or why not
2 n your opinion which s bet ng po ngs me r mon?hy do you think so?
5 In groups, talk about ways to help others
1 What kinds of help do you think people need? How do you think volunteers could help?

2 What kinds of skils and qualities could you offer as a volunteer?

3 Discuss where and how you can help.
·Where would it be possible for you and your classmates to volunteer?
·What kind of volunteer work could you and your classmates do, based on your group's skills and qualities?
Making suggestions

Pronunciation
1 Read the conversation below. Decide which type of stress the words in bold show: 1]strong emotion; 2] emphasis of important information; 3] correction of a mistake; 4]contrast or comparison.
Jessie:Hi Susan! Did you see the animal shelter advertisement? I think it’d be great for our volunteering project!
Susan: Hello, Jessie. Yes, I did see it. 'd love to help out in a shelter. Think of all those cute, little animals!
Jessie: Exactly, and it would also look great on our Cvs. But maybe it's too good to be true…
Susan:Yeah, what if we have to clean out the smelly cages? I'd hate that!
Jessie:Well, we can ask for gloves. How about you clean the outside of the cages, and I'll clean the inside?

Susan:Thanks, Jessie, you're a true friend! Anyway, we should check the timing. Did the ad say Saturday afternoons? I’m usually busy on Saturday afternoons.
Jessie: No, it said on Sundays, and in the mornings. So let’s not just talk about it-let's do it! It's so exciting-do you like cats best, or dogs?
Susan: Oh, hey wait, jessie do you think t matters that l'm allergic to cats? And what if here are snakes?
2 Listen to the conversation and then practise it with a partner.
Using Language
Make a speech about China's aid to other countries
1 Zhan Bingbing took part in an English speech contest. Read the speech transcript and answer the questions on page 45.



3 But then I began to hear about the work she was doing in Tanzania, a country that has many health problems, and now I am singing a different tune.但是之后我开始听到她在坦桑尼亚的工作，那里有很多健康问题，(所以)现在我有了不同的看法
sing a different tune意为“对某事转変论调或改变看法”。tune是曲调的意；sing a different tune，字面意思是“唱了一个不同的曲调”，用这个词组可以很形象地表达“对某事有了新的论调和看法”。如：
They say they’re not worried about money, but once they see how much the new equpment will cost, they’ll be singing a different tune.他们说不担心钱的问题，但等他们看到新设备要花多少钱的时候，就会改变说法了。
During the campaign, he promised to close the factories that caused heavy pollution. Now that he has been elected governor, he is singing a dfferent tune about them.在竟选的时候，他承诺要关闭污染严重的工厂。现在他已经当选为州长，就开始变卦了。
4 Many dangerous diseases which are rare in China are quite commonly contracted in Tanzania.很多在中国罕见的危险疾病在坦桑尼亚是很容易感染上的。
contract在句中是“感染(疾病)的意思。如：
He contracted the flu while he was traveling.他在旅行的时候感染了流感。
The virus appears to be more easily contracted by humans when they are exposed to diseased birds.接触过患病禽类的人好像更容易感染上这种病毒。
【思考】你知道contract另ー个常用的意思吗？你能看懂下面的句子吗？
Tony has just signed a three-year contract with a telephone company.
What are the legal consequences of breaking a contract?
5 Today, I want to relay to you that I’m proud of the work my mother has done, and I am now supportive of it.今天我想告诉你们的是，我为我妈妈所做的工作感到骄傲，我现在也非常支持她的工作。
在句中relay… to someone表示“向某人传达……”之意。如：
Please relay the message to the others.请把这条消息转给别人。
As soon as I am updated on what's happened, I will relay it to you all.一旦得知最新情况，我就会转告你们所有人。
【思考】你知道relay的另一个词性吗？在下面的句子中，relay是什么意思呢？
The final event of the meeting was the 4×400 metres relay.

1 What are some examples of the work that Chinese people do to help others overseas?
2 Why was Bingbing upset when her mother went to Tanzania?
3 What are some of the problems people face in Tanzania?
4 What are two things that Bingbing's mother is helping with?
5 Why is this work worth it?
2 Study the features of the speech to answer the questions below.
1 What is the key rhetorical question used in this speech?
2 What is the answer to this rhetorical Question?
3 What does the speaker use to get her message across?
□a case study □a hypothetical example
□a joke □a personal story
□an analysis of the history and causes of the issue □facts and data
4 How did Bingbing's feelings about the topic change, and what caused this change?
5 How does the speech end?
3 Write a speech about China's aid to other countries.
1 n groups, brainstorm a list of possible causes that you could talk about.
2 In pairs, go over the list and discuss these points:
·Which, if any, of the causes do you have a personal connection with?
·What personal story could you tell in relation to that cause?
·How did that affect your opinions on the issue?
·What rhetorical question could you use to begin your speech?
·What is the answer to that rhetorical question?
·What action do you want people to take as a result of your speech?
3 Using what you have discussed, write a short speech.
4 Exchange your draft with a partner and revise the draft using your partners comments.
5 Present your speech and listen to your classmates’ speeches. As a class, vote on the best one.
Assessing Your Progress
1 Complete a news report using the correct forms of the words in the box. Then make a news headline for it.

_________________________
Many of us have worked as volunteers before. Some have experience as__________. Repairing and maintaining machines. Others are experienced medical workers who have volunteered to help those with_______.This summer, one Chinese volunteer, Liu Fei, will serve as a for AIDS proects in an African country. Liu has never been there, and his impression of the country is that it is developing rapidly, but suffers from much________and violence. Many people there have______AIDS. Liu will work with a local organisation engaging in AIDS prevention. Liu’s path to Africa was long and bumpy. Although he had met the______for the volunteer application, his family was opposed to his choice at first. It took Liu some time to explain the importance of bulding a_______ future for mankind.Ultimately, his family decided to sing the same_______as Liu and respected his right to choose his own path. Liu is looking forward to shanng his knowledge and skills with needy communities. He hopes his_______can make a difference in distant Africa.
2 Expand the following sentences by adding different phrases. Try to make these centences more vivid.

1 The chemist is doing an experiment.
2 A rat is chasing a cat.
3 A train is crossing a bridge.
4 Susan placed the cup on the saucer and swallowed the capsule.
5 I drag myself off the bed.
6 A tree shades the farmer.
7 The president is relaying his ambition to the audience.

*Project: Create a poster for volunteer work
1 Study the posters below.

2 In groups, decide on the volunteer work that you would like to do. Discuss the following questions.
·In what way could you help others?
·How could others participate in your activities?
·What business could you set up to help others?
3 Create a poster to explain more about your volunteer work, and then present it to the class.
4 Take a class vote on the best three posters.
*Video Time

BEFORE YOU WATCH
What kinds of things do you think Most donates to others? Tick the boxes below.

WHILE YOU WATCH
1 Check your answers in Before You Watch.
2 Answer these questions.
1 How far is the Roma Community Centre from Budapest?
2 How many famiies will be helped by their donations to the Roma Community Centre?
3 How many members does Most currently have?
4 What three things do they plan to do at the refugee centre in Austria?
3 Complete the quotes with words you hear in the video.
1 Domonkos Sera: We feel a lot better if we know that were not just__________we have in Budapest but also_________somewhere else in the country.
2 Mark Takats: We feel it's kind of an obligation to...to help those_______ but that we were.
3 Laci Siroki: It's good to see youngsters from Budapest that feel an obligation to do something in this country, to________and________
4 Jihan: I would like to be involved also in most of the activities they do__________,like going to different_________just to hep poor people.
AFTER YOU WATCH
Discuss the following questions in groups.
1 What motivates these young people to help others?
2 How do you think ther own ies are changed by heping others
3 ln the video, they are heping the Roma and people at a refugee centre.Are there people like this in your city or town who need help? What can you do to help them?
Unit 5 LAUNCHING YOUR CAREER
The future depends on what you do today
—Mahatma Gandhi
In this unit, you will
1 read about how to know yourself better through self-assessment.
2 hear and talk about going to university and deciding on a major.
3 write a letter of application and a CV.
4 learn about how to make the most of the last ummer break of high school.
Look and discuss
1 How would you interprete the picture?
2 What would you like to be in the future? What careers interest you?
3 What factors will you take into consideration when you plan your career?
Reading and Thinking
Get a head start on your future career
1 Before you read, discuss these questions in groups.
1 What are some of the ways that can he po dec whch career is approprate for them?
2 Is it essential that teenagers decide on a career before they become aduits? Why?
2 Skim the text and find the main advice given to readers.


1 This, however, is not always easy. Some people know what they want to do from a young age, but many others just have a few ideas bouncing around in their heads.然而，这并不总是那么容易。有些人年轻时就清楚自己想什么，但更多的人往往是只有一些想法在脑子里晃来晃去。
bouncing around in their heads在句中作定语，修饰名词ideas。
bounce的本意是“弹起；反弹”, bounce around可指“蹦来蹦去；弹来弹去”，在本句中引申为“(想法在脑子里)晃来晃去”之意。如：
Some impractical ideas kept bouncing around in my head.一些不切实际的想法在我的脑子里晃来晃去。
When you start the game, you will find a ball bouncing around the screen.当你开始玩游戏时，就会看到一个球在屏幕上蹦来蹦去。
【思考】bounce.这个词在英语中非常形象，你能看懂下面的句子吗？
She bounced the littie baby up and down on her knees.
No matter how many times he failed, he was always able to bounce back pretty quicky.
Hearing the doorbell ring，the boy bounced across the room to open the door.
2 career aptitude test 职业能力似向测验
职业能力倾向测验是能力(倾向)测验的一种。它通过系统的测试过程和评分标准，对被测试者的组织管理、社会交往、个性特点、职业倾向、发展潜能等多种素质进行综合评估。这种测验旨在发现被测试者更感兴趣、更有潜力的学习或职业方向，为其在将来学习和工作上的选择提供参考。

3 Read the text again and answer these questions.
1 What is one of the most effective ways of helping you see which careers may be right for you？
2 What is very important when you are completing the test?
3 According to the paticpan's work personalty code, what careers would you recommend?
4 Do you agree with the text when it says"The secret to a good career is finding something that you are passionate about? Give your reasons.
4 Look at these jobs and then decide on which work personality type they most closely relate to .Add more jobs to each category.


5 Work in groups Discuss these questions.
1 Would you like to take a career aptitude test? Why or why not?
2 What could be some problems with this sort of test? What other things could you do to help you decide on possible future careers?
Learning About Language
Build up your vocabulary
1 Complete these sentences with words from the reading text. Then write down your own dream career and give reasons.
1 The first tme I observed the process of water being split into oxygen and__________, I was deeply attracted by the ham of chemistry.So I want to become a chemist in the future.
2 My aunt developed________cancer three years ago. Seeing her suffering makes me want to become a doctor to protect people from such diseases.
3 I want to become a________because I think fairness and justice is of great importance to society and I hope I can make some contribution in that respect.
4 I have always been passionate about books, so I want to be a_______.By providing a comfortable reading en and good books, I hope more eope can enjoy reading.
5 I always feel amazed when I see my grandfather’s huge medine chest with countess small_______that store many herbs. Now I am studying Chinese medicine and I hope I can be an expert n this field, too.
2 Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the words you have learnt in this unit Circle the part of speech. Then think of more words that can be used in both noun and verb forms.
1 Hearing the nows that he had made the school team, David joyfully_________ball against the wall.
2 The old basketball looked very used and had lost its______(n.v)
3 The zoologists set up______(n.v)cameras in the panda reserve.
4 There was a huge debate about whether the reporter should be accused of_______(n.v)on the star couple.
3 Use the words in the box to complete the following excerpt from a student's speech.

Probably everyone dreams of having a great career. but first let’s
what this means. When thinking about what makes a career great, many ideas may_______in your head, such as the desire for money, power, or fame. Different people might have different opinions about this, but wouldn't it be kind of greedy to focus on money and fame_______on something more meaningfu? Please close your eyes and think of someone professional and successful. lt could be a famous entrepreneur. a great eader. a scentist or an artist, or a teacher who________you, My choice wouid be Mane Curie, who discovered_________For me,she is great not just because she was world-famous, but because she made great contributions to mankind. Being a female scentist was much less common in her time, but in spite of this she devoted her ife to her career. So I_______that if you want a great career, you need to_______yourself to something meaningful. I believe all great careers have this___________.
Review useful structures
1 Find the following types of Long sentences in the reading text.
A compound sentence B complex sentence C compound-complex sentence
2 Change these simple sentences into long sentences. Pay attention to the connectors you need to use.
1 Career guidance ought to be induded at high school. The school should also offer a work expenence programme.
2 Dreaming to become somebody great is easy. Working to achieve your dream can be quite hard.
3 You never know where you'll be working in the future. Learn as much as possible. Study a reign language. It is wise to do these things for the sake of your future.
4 Social occupations require communicating with people. This often involves helping or providing service to other people.
5 Al is developing rapidy. Lawyers, teachers, librarins, drivers, and receptionists may find their jobs replaced by Al in the future. Many people believe this to be true.
3 Complete the sentences using what, which, that, who, and how, Then put the sentences into the correct order to make a complete passage.
Advice on Making a Career Plan
______ A The plan wil require you to focus on______you want to do and______to achieve it.
___1___ B A career plan makes you think about your future, including_______careers interest you most and______skills and trainings you will need to succeed.
_______ C Of course, the CV should be tailored to match the careers in your plan,______will leave you well prepared to make the most of all opportunities_______ become available to you.
_______ D Finally, for useful information on______to decide on careers and________to put in your CV, find some website______specialise in career advice or go to someone_______can help.
________ E Along with your career plan, you should also think about a CV._______is essential for showing your potential employers your skills and expenences.
_______ F These two things are______you should start thinking about right now,as they will safeguard your future,______is important to everyone.
4 Read the two profiles below. Write a paragraph about one of them or any other person you admire. Try to make the sentences work together effectively.


Using Language
Choose a university major
1 Look at the pictures below. Discuss in pairs which university major each picture
might show

Bio-medical engineering_______ Computer game design________
Cybersecurity________ Data science_______
Public health_______ Robotics______
2 Listen to the conversation and tick the chart according to what is needed to get into a good university in each country.

3 Listen to the conversation again, and take notes on what each student would like to study and why.

4 Listen again and answer the questions below.
1 What did Liu Ming say about cybersecurity and data science?
2 What did Susan say she was told?
3 What did Olivia say they need to do to get into universities?

5 Work in groups Discuss these questions.
1 Do you agree with Olivia's parents when they say that a persons career might depend on what university they get into? Why or why not?
2 Do you agree that there is no point studying something that you like but you are not very good at? Give your reasons.
6 In pairs, tell each other about the major[s] you would like to choose. Use the expressions below to help you.
Expressing choices, wishes, intentions, and opinions

Apply for a summer job
1 Read the texts and then answer the questions below.
1 What are these three different texts about? What type of texts are they?
2 What kind of person is required for the job?
3 What experience does the applicant have with foreign languages? How has the applicant displayed her knowledge of Chinese culture?

Using Lanquaqe



3 You don’t want to look back in years to come and say, “I wish I had thought more about what I really wanted to do.”你也不希望多年之后回顾过去时才说：“我真希望当年能再多想想自己真正想要做什么。”
in years to come表示“多年之后；在未来的几年中”。动词不定式to come放在名词years之后作定语，years to come是“接下来几年”的意思。如：
I was hopeful that in years to come, she’s consider this failure as a valuable experience that helped her grow.我希望多年之后，她会把这次失败当作帮助她成长的一次宝贵经历。
Some experts predict that housing prices will remain stable for years to come.一些专家预测在来来的几年中房价会保持平稳。
wish表示愿望，后面接宾语从句时，从句要用虚拟语气。从句的谓语动词可用过去时表示与现在时。

2 Find the details of these requirements in the job advertisement, and report your findings to the class.
·Personality and attitude
·Language skills
·Experience and skills
3 How does the applicant respond to each of the job requirements? Do you think she is a good match for the job? Why?
4 Think of a job you like. Write an application letter and a CV. Try to include the following points.
·Your skills
·Your experience
·Your personality
·What the job means to you
·What special things you can offer or bring to the job
5 In pairs, read your partners application Letter and CV. Use the checklist to help him/her improve them.
√Did your partner explain clearly how his/her skills/experience/personality relate to the iob?
√Did your partner List anything special about himself/herself?
√If you were the employer, would you hire your partner? If not. why?
Assessing Your Progress
1 Use the correct forms of the words in the box to complete the following sentences. Then match the sentences with the possible jobs on the right.

1 Tom enjoys spendng time with midde school students, and he
is really interested in_______. cook
2 Jane broke her______during a competition last week and needed a few months' rest. maths teacher
3 John prevents uninvited visitors from entering a business_______. repoter/journalist
4 in order to turn the desert into green land that is able to produce crops, Dr Zhang designed a 50 km_______. athlete
5 Simon needs to submit his article about the_____meeting security guard before midnight tonight. Security guard
6 Jackson's________fish is popular with the restaurant’s regular customers. Engineer
2 The following is a draft of a guide for high school students. Try to improve it and use long sentences where you think they are required.


*Project: Make a speech about your future career
1 Think about six careers and write them in the order of their importance. Then in groups, report to the others and explain why.

2 Think about three careers that interest you most. Complete the chart below and then introduce your careers to your group.

3 Choose one career from above and prepare an outline of a speech about how you plan to reach that career goal. Start by completing the mind map below.

4 Use your outline to write a speech. Add some pictures to help illustrate your writing. Use the following expressions to help you.

5 Read your speeches within the group and vote for the best one. Then have the winner make the speech to the class.
* Video Time

BEFORE YOU WATC
Look at the pictures from the video below. In groups, use the following words and any other words you can think of to describe what is happening in the photos.

WHILE YOU WATCH
1 Check your responses to BEFORE YOU WATCH.
2 Decide if the following statements are true [T]or false [F].
1 The tent and long grass stop the birds from seeing Mateusz.
2 The Natural History Museum in New York recognised his talent with the award Best Young Wildife Photographer.
3 He took his award-winning photograph of oyster catchers on a beach in London.
4 Mateusz takes up to 1,000 photographs in each session.
5 His parents buy meat for him because he gets hungry while taking
Photographs.
AFTER YOU WATCH
Discuss the following questions in groups.
1 Mateusz oves wildife photography. Which is you favourite type of photography and why?
2 Why do you think Mateusz has been so successful at such a young age? List three reasons. How could you apply these to yourself to achieve your ow goals and dreams?


Workbook
Unit1
Using Words and Expressions
1 Change the forms of the words below. Then list more pairs of words that have the same word formation.
n.→adj.
innocence confidence
wisdom freedom
flour health
mud fog
superiority inferiority
creation decoration
2 Complete the passage with the words below to learn about bias-free language.
chairman policeman chairperson mankind postman salesman
Like humans, language tends to carry biases. Academic writing needs to be objective and scientific: neither gender should be preferred. Historically, writing has reflected a bias towards males such as the words and postman. Now, writers are more careful. Many words that included man have been replaced. For example, police officer is used instead of , instead of chairman, salesperson instead of , humankind instead of and postal worker instead of . The title Ms is used for women instead of Miss or Mrs, since it does not show whether a woman is married or not.
3 Translate these sentences into English using the words and phrases in brackets.
1最高时速350公里的高铁使北京和上海之间的旅行时间从15小时缩短到了四个半小时左右。(maximum, high-speed railway)
2她从皮夹克的口袋里掏出一块手绢擦了擦眼睛。(leather handkerchief)
3三个班级被随机挑选出来参加了翻转课堂的实验。(at random, flipped classroom)
4这种7.9英寸迷你版的平板电脑一上市就受到了年轻人的喜爱。(inch, version)
4 Complete the passage using the correct forms of the words in the box. Do you believe Hawking's predictions?
pros and cons take over on a scientific basis
have an urge to superior conflict with backwards
Time travel, alien invasions, and artificial intelligence have always been popular themes in science fiction. However, these were never the exclusive domains of sci-fi writers. Some scientists also explore these themes . Take time travel as an example. Many fascinating stories based on time travel go either or forwards in time. However. the former is not really an option. World-famous scientist Stephen Hawking once explained that travelling into the past would the basic rule that cause comes before effect. But it would be possible to travel into the future in a vastly spaceship approaching the speed of light. In addition to the question of time travel, Hawking also expressed his opinions on alien invasions and AI development. When many scientists and scholars were still arguing about the of alien existence and AI development, Hawking said he believed aliens would invade Earth, and that humans would eventually by AI and robots.
Using Structures
1 Make sentences with the words in brackets. Pay attention to the voices of the verbs.
EXAMPLE
I can’t find my wallet anywhere. (steal)
→It must have been stolen.
1 I didn't go to the party last night. (invite)
→ I .
2 Li Fei's parents sent him to stay with his grandparents because they had to work in a big city far away. (bring up, grandparents)
→ Li Fei .
3 That guy has been walking behind us for a while. (we, follow)→
I think .
4 My mother always tells me what I should do. (don't like, tell) →
I .
5 We can't work in the office next month. (redecorate)→
Our office .
2 Complete the announcements with the correct forms of the verbs in the box. Then read them aloud.
prohibit expect set to make sure fasten make stow switch off
Ladies and gentlemen, welcome onboard Flight SP432 from Beijing to Hong Kong. We are currently third in line for take-off and to be in the air in about ten minutes. At this time, your portable electronic devices must "flight mode" or until an announcement upon arrival. Smoking throughout the flight. Thank you for your cooperation. Enjoy your flight!
…
Ladies and gentlemen, as we start our descent, please your seats and tray tables are in their full upright position.
Make sure your seat belts (securely) and all carry-on luggage underneath the seats in front of you or in the overhead bins. Thank you!
3 Complete the following passage using the Chinese prompts in rackets to help you.
Dune is a science fiction novel by Frank Herbert. It won the Nebula Award in 1965 and shared the Hugo Award in 1966. It (通常被认为是) one of the best sci-fi novels ever. As the novel opens, each planet (正受统治) by a Great House. An emperor has control of a planet called Arrakis, where “spice” (可被开采). This “spice” (想要得到) by every planet because it gives people amazing abilities. As the emperor fears that he (会被挑战) by Leto, the ruler of the Atreides House, he plots a war between Atreides and another house. In the end, Paul, Leto’s son, defeats all enemies with the help of a planet called Fremen.
It (被认为) that Dune reflects our own world. Like the Houses fighting for “spice”, humans also fight for energy and resources. Conflicts and problems of this kind must (得到解决) if we are to have a prosperous and harmonious civilization.
4 List some environmental problems and their causes. Then write down solutions to each problem.
EXAMPLE
Many animals and plants are endangered due to loss of habitat. To solve the problem, some measures must be taken to protect them. Cutting down trees without permission should not be allowed. Forests should be well looked after…
Reading, Listening, and Acting
【点击听力】1 Before listening to a TV show called The Evos, read the following introduction and then discuss the questions in pairs.
Previously on The Evos: A breaking news report tells of seven meteors hitting each of the seven continents, as revealed by a scientist called Dr Evo. Meanwhile, three friends, Seb, Amie, and
Laura are cycling through woods near their homes. After seeing a flash of light, they follow it. They discover a hole with a strange glowing rock inside. The news on Seb’s radio is talking about the meteors, so they realise this must be one of them. Seb says they should take a closer look. As he gets closer, he suddenly falls asleep, and as the others go to help him, they also fall asleep. They awake at dusk to the sounds of men searching for the meteor. They escape and agree to see each other at school the following day, as well as promising not to tell anyone. Some men, dressed in black protective suits, take the meteor away…
1 Where do you think the meteors came from?
2 Why do you think the friends fell asleep?
【点击听力】2 Now listen to the start of the new episode and match the abilities to the character.
Seb
can move things with his/her mind
Laura
can stop time
Arnie
can move from one place to another
Dr Evo
can make himself/herself disappear
【点击听力】3 Listen to the episode again and write down the words and phrases that have the following meanings and functions.
1 mentioning something they almost didn’t remember to say
2 wanting to talk about something different quickly
3 saying the same thing in a different way than before
4 talking about the most important point
5 adding another point to something already said
4 In groups, act out a scene from The Evos using the instructions below.
1 Discuss what happens next in the scene. Use the following questions to help you make a script. The scene only needs to be a few minutes long.
Ÿ What happens to the characters after they meet Dr Evo?
Ÿ Do the men in black also have powers?
Ÿ How do the characters use their powers?
2 Decide who will play each character. Choose a narrator to help the audience understand what is happening.
Dr Evo Seb Arnie Laura Narrator
Men in black suits Any other new characters you want to add
3 Rehearse a few times. Then act out the scene in front of the class.
Reading and Writing
1 Look at the picture. What do you think is inside the cave? Do some research about our planet to find the answers to the following questions.

Ÿ How old is the earth?
Ÿ What is the structure of the earth?
Ÿ How deep is the earth's crust?
Ÿ What is at the centre of the earth?
Ÿ What is the deepest cave ever found?
【点击听力】2 Read part of a story about an amazing journey to the centre of the earth by famous writer Jules Verne. Underline the words that describe the unusual environment the explorers discover. What natural environments does it remind you of?


3 Read the text again and answer the questions below.
1 Why could the narrator not see anything at first?
2 Why was the light in the cave strange?
3 Why was the narrator unable to describe what he saw in human words?
4 Why was the narrator scared by the bones?
4 What can you remember of the story? Note down as many things as you can recall, and then retell the story using your notes.
5 Write a summary of the text in your own words.


6 Imagine you are a reporter. Write a newspaper article reporting on the journey to the centre of the earth.
1 Find the most interesting things worth reporting from the extract.
2 Imagine what happens before and later in the journey and how you want the story to end. Take notes of your idea.
3 Decide whether to include:
Ÿ Facts about the earth, for example, its size, age, composition, etc.
Ÿ Pictures of what the underground world looks like.
4 Think of an interesting headline to get the readers' attention.
5 Write your article. Use language similar to what journalists use. Look at other news reports and articles to help you.
Expanding Your World

Unit1
Using Words and Expressions
1 Change the forms of the words below. Then list more pairs of words that have the same word formation.
n.→adj.
innocence confidence
wisdom freedom
flour health
mud fog
superiority inferiority
creation decoration
2 Complete the passage with the words below to learn about bias-free language.
chairman policeman chairperson mankind postman salesman
Like humans, language tends to carry biases. Academic writing needs to be objective and scientific: neither gender should be preferred. Historically, writing has reflected a bias towards males such as the words and postman. Now, writers are more careful. Many words that included man have been replaced. For example, police officer is used instead of , instead of chairman, salesperson instead of , humankind instead of and postal worker instead of . The title Ms is used for women instead of Miss or Mrs, since it does not show whether a woman is married or not.
3 Translate these sentences into English using the words and phrases in brackets.
1最高时速350公里的高铁使北京和上海之间的旅行时间从15小时缩短到了四个半小时左右。(maximum, high-speed railway)
2她从皮夹克的口袋里掏出一块手绢擦了擦眼睛。(leather handkerchief)
3三个班级被随机挑选出来参加了翻转课堂的实验。(at random, flipped classroom)
4这种7.9英寸迷你版的平板电脑一上市就受到了年轻人的喜爱。(inch, version)
4 Complete the passage using the correct forms of the words in the box. Do you believe Hawking's predictions?
pros and cons take over on a scientific basis
have an urge to superior conflict with backwards
Time travel, alien invasions, and artificial intelligence have always been popular themes in science fiction. However, these were never the exclusive domains of sci-fi writers. Some scientists also explore these themes . Take time travel as an example. Many fascinating stories based on time travel go either or forwards in time. However. the former is not really an option. World-famous scientist Stephen Hawking once explained that travelling into the past would the basic rule that cause comes before effect. But it would be possible to travel into the future in a vastly spaceship approaching the speed of light. In addition to the question of time travel, Hawking also expressed his opinions on alien invasions and AI development. When many scientists and scholars were still arguing about the of alien existence and AI development, Hawking said he believed aliens would invade Earth, and that humans would eventually by AI and robots.
Using Structures
1 Make sentences with the words in brackets. Pay attention to the voices of the verbs.
EXAMPLE
I can’t find my wallet anywhere. (steal)
→It must have been stolen.
1 I didn't go to the party last night. (invite)
→ I .
2 Li Fei's parents sent him to stay with his grandparents because they had to work in a big city far away. (bring up, grandparents)
→ Li Fei .
3 That guy has been walking behind us for a while. (we, follow)→
I think .
4 My mother always tells me what I should do. (don't like, tell) →
I .
5 We can't work in the office next month. (redecorate)→
Our office .
2 Complete the announcements with the correct forms of the verbs in the box. Then read them aloud.
prohibit expect set to make sure fasten make stow switch off
Ladies and gentlemen, welcome onboard Flight SP432 from Beijing to Hong Kong. We are currently third in line for take-off and to be in the air in about ten minutes. At this time, your portable electronic devices must "flight mode" or until an announcement upon arrival. Smoking throughout the flight. Thank you for your cooperation. Enjoy your flight!
…
Ladies and gentlemen, as we start our descent, please your seats and tray tables are in their full upright position.
Make sure your seat belts (securely) and all carry-on luggage underneath the seats in front of you or in the overhead bins. Thank you!
3 Complete the following passage using the Chinese prompts in rackets to help you.
Dune is a science fiction novel by Frank Herbert. It won the Nebula Award in 1965 and shared the Hugo Award in 1966. It (通常被认为是) one of the best sci-fi novels ever. As the novel opens, each planet (正受统治) by a Great House. An emperor has control of a planet called Arrakis, where “spice” (可被开采). This “spice” (想要得到) by every planet because it gives people amazing abilities. As the emperor fears that he (会被挑战) by Leto, the ruler of the Atreides House, he plots a war between Atreides and another house. In the end, Paul, Leto’s son, defeats all enemies with the help of a planet called Fremen.
It (被认为) that Dune reflects our own world. Like the Houses fighting for “spice”, humans also fight for energy and resources. Conflicts and problems of this kind must (得到解决) if we are to have a prosperous and harmonious civilization.
4 List some environmental problems and their causes. Then write down solutions to each problem.
EXAMPLE
Many animals and plants are endangered due to loss of habitat. To solve the problem, some measures must be taken to protect them. Cutting down trees without permission should not be allowed. Forests should be well looked after…
Reading, Listening, and Acting
【点击听力】1 Before listening to a TV show called The Evos, read the following introduction and then discuss the questions in pairs.
Previously on The Evos: A breaking news report tells of seven meteors hitting each of the seven continents, as revealed by a scientist called Dr Evo. Meanwhile, three friends, Seb, Amie, and
Laura are cycling through woods near their homes. After seeing a flash of light, they follow it. They discover a hole with a strange glowing rock inside. The news on Seb’s radio is talking about the meteors, so they realise this must be one of them. Seb says they should take a closer look. As he gets closer, he suddenly falls asleep, and as the others go to help him, they also fall asleep. They awake at dusk to the sounds of men searching for the meteor. They escape and agree to see each other at school the following day, as well as promising not to tell anyone. Some men, dressed in black protective suits, take the meteor away…
1 Where do you think the meteors came from?
2 Why do you think the friends fell asleep?
【点击听力】2 Now listen to the start of the new episode and match the abilities to the character.
Seb
can move things with his/her mind
Laura
can stop time
Arnie
can move from one place to another
Dr Evo
can make himself/herself disappear
【点击听力】3 Listen to the episode again and write down the words and phrases that have the following meanings and functions.
1 mentioning something they almost didn’t remember to say
2 wanting to talk about something different quickly
3 saying the same thing in a different way than before
4 talking about the most important point
5 adding another point to something already said
4 In groups, act out a scene from The Evos using the instructions below.
1 Discuss what happens next in the scene. Use the following questions to help you make a script. The scene only needs to be a few minutes long.
Ÿ What happens to the characters after they meet Dr Evo?
Ÿ Do the men in black also have powers?
Ÿ How do the characters use their powers?
2 Decide who will play each character. Choose a narrator to help the audience understand what is happening.
Dr Evo Seb Arnie Laura Narrator
Men in black suits Any other new characters you want to add
3 Rehearse a few times. Then act out the scene in front of the class.
Reading and Writing
1 Look at the picture. What do you think is inside the cave? Do some research about our planet to find the answers to the following questions.

Ÿ How old is the earth?
Ÿ What is the structure of the earth?
Ÿ How deep is the earth's crust?
Ÿ What is at the centre of the earth?
Ÿ What is the deepest cave ever found?
【点击听力】2 Read part of a story about an amazing journey to the centre of the earth by famous writer Jules Verne. Underline the words that describe the unusual environment the explorers discover. What natural environments does it remind you of?


3 Read the text again and answer the questions below.
1 Why could the narrator not see anything at first?
2 Why was the light in the cave strange?
3 Why was the narrator unable to describe what he saw in human words?
4 Why was the narrator scared by the bones?
4 What can you remember of the story? Note down as many things as you can recall, and then retell the story using your notes.
5 Write a summary of the text in your own words.


6 Imagine you are a reporter. Write a newspaper article reporting on the journey to the centre of the earth.
1 Find the most interesting things worth reporting from the extract.
2 Imagine what happens before and later in the journey and how you want the story to end. Take notes of your idea.
3 Decide whether to include:
Ÿ Facts about the earth, for example, its size, age, composition, etc.
Ÿ Pictures of what the underground world looks like.
4 Think of an interesting headline to get the readers' attention.
5 Write your article. Use language similar to what journalists use. Look at other news reports and articles to help you.
Expanding Your World



Unit 2
Using Words and Expressions
1 Choose an adjective and a noun to make a phrase. Complete each sentence with the correct phrase.
straightforward foundation
complicated answer
solid relief
final situations
unequal distribution
temporary phase
1 You don't have to say that much. Just give me a .
2 This medicine cannot help you get rid of the disease permanently, but it can give you from the pain.
3 The experiment is now in its and is expected to be completed next week.
4 Don't be afraid of failure. It can lay a for your future success.
5 There is a risk that the of wealth and the absence of opportunities may lead to a less stable society.
6 Developing students' critical thinking ability can help them deal with problems in uncertain and .
2 Replace the underlined parts with the correct forms of the words from the unit.
1 Mr Smith is strict, but always honest about his feelings and fair.
2 I find the legal system to be extremely complex.
3 The two men were arrested again only a week after they were released from jail.
4 Life, freedom, and the pursuit of happiness are essential to all human beings.
5 In order to save time, John bought hamburger for lunch at a fast-food restaurant.
3 Paraphrase the following sentences using the correct forms of the words in brackets.
1 I have qualifications to work as a surgeon in Sydney. (license)
2 Only a small group of people supported the new law. (minority)
3 Brazil’s “Big Zero' stadium, located on the equator, holds 10,000 people. (seating capacity)
4 The local government has paid for the expenses for his university studies. (sponsor)
5 A new session has begun to discuss an increase in the crimes that hurt people in popular tourist areas. (violence)
4 Use the correct forms of the words to complete the passage about Californians’ love for sport.
golf premier temporary
dive frequency citizen
Sport is an important part of the culture in California. Because of the good climate, Californians can spend a lot of time outdoors, so many people play a sport of some kind. The larger towns and cities have many facilities for their , such as football fields, swimming pools, and courses. And for those who like walking, climbing, surfing, and , there are the mountains and some of the world's beaches. Californians also enjoy watching sport, so lots of people go to live sporting events . The excitement and party atmosphere of live sport can make people forget all their problems and relax.
Using Structures
1 Complete the sentences using the -ed forms of the verbs below, and then state the functions of the -ed forms.
balance astonish expose
connect leave introduce
1 I was to see so many new inventions in the AI session at the science and technology expo.
2 The room, to the rest of the house by a long passage, was completely empty.
3 in the sun, the wet carpet soon dried off and looked brand new again.
4 Even though some of her classmates study long hours, she is generally able to maintain a lifestyle.
5 Never touch an electric wire when it is .
6 by the Chinese government in 2013, the Belt and Road Initiative has strongly supported he economic development of many participating countries.
2 Complete the sentences with the words in the left box and the -ed forms of the verbs in the right box.
myself my time her paintings
your bedroom the play sausage
their car burn tidy perform
throw take up display start
EXAMPLE
Lisa was the leading actress! We saw the play performed on stage yesterday evening.
1 The husband was careless enough to leave the car lights on overnight, and in the morning his wife couldn't get .
2 My cousin dreams of becoming a painter and wants in a gallery.
3 I felt forwards when the bus suddenly stopped.
4 To be frank, I won't have with useless discussion.
5 I cannot bear the smell of on the barbecue.
6 A: Timmy, you'd better have before I get home from work. It's in a mess.
B: Sure. Mum.
3 Below is an introduction to Australian Aboriginal rock art, but it contains quite a few verb form mistakes. Correct the mistakes.

Australian Aboriginal rock art is among the most highly prizing in the world, thanks to its age, detail, freshness, and range of colour. Australia has 100000 known rock art sites. In many areas it’s possible to visit this rock art to accompany by an Aboriginal person who can provide explanations and cultural interpretations of each works complicated meaning. Many samples of Aboriginal rock art accurately dated back as far as 28000 years. Some sites are among the oldest in the world, estimating to be 40000 years old.
The rock art is also a record of Aboriginal life many centuries ago. You can admire ancient figures carry spears, boomerangs, bows and arrows, frogs and other animals, a sailing ship, and a female spirit with four arms.
Listening and Speaking
1 The following are photos from Cape Town in South Africa. In groups, describe the photos and discuss what you think they are about.

【点击听力】2 Listen to a tour guide's introduction to some of the attractions of Cape Town. Were your guesses correct? Tick the attractions that are mentioned in the introduction, and describe them in your own words.
【点击听力】3 Listen again, and then answer the questions below.
1 Where is Cape Town located and how was it described?
2 How old is Table Mountain and what is its" table cloth"?
3 How was diving with sharks described?
4 Why is Bo-kaap so special?
5 What do the ducks do during the Duck Parade?
6 How has the African penguin population increased?
4 Discuss in groups how your local city compares to Cape Town.
the location and geography the natural icons
the historic places the animals
the parks other
5 Give a presentation as a group. Each of you can focus on one aspect of your city. Include photos if possible.
Reading and Writing
【点击听力】1 Read the text and complete the sentences below.
1 Australian cuisine features a lot of and .
2 Kangaroo is both a popular and Australia's national .
3 Each region of Australia has its own using the seafood found in its .
4 If you really want to see the kinds of seafood available, visit the in Sydney or go .
5 Australians love to eat and cook food on the .


2 Read the text again and answer the questions.
1 Why does Australian cuisine centre around red meat and seafood?
2 Why is the Australian government encouraging people to use kangaroos as food?
3 What is probably one reason why many Australians live by the coast?
4 Why do many Australians love barbecues so much?
5 What does the "casual friendliness" of an Australian barbecue mean?
3 Discuss the questions and take notes.
1 What kind of cuisine is typical in your hometown?
2 What geographic or historical reasons make that kind of cuisine popular?
3 What is the most popular dish in your hometown? How is it made?
4 Use your notes to write about the food from your hometown. Include a recipe like the one below for your favourite dish.

*Expanding Your World



Unit 3
Using Words and Expressions
1 Match the words with their meanings. Then make a sentence with each word.
1 laptop
2 log
3 pobssession
4 profession
5 mercy
6 opponent
7 coverage
8 mixture
A a job that needs special training and a good education
B the state of owning something
C a small computer that can be easily carried
D a kind attitude towards somebody you have the ability to harm
E someone that you are playing against in a competition
F to record information
G a combination of different things
H reporting in newspapers or on television
2 Complete the following sentences with the words in the box.
mixture channel mercy
profession politics
1 Inspired by his teacher, Johnny has decided to enter the teaching .
2 Although her major was chemistry, Margaret Thatcher chose as her career in the end.
3 Small boats on the sea are sometimes at the of violent weather.
4 If you don't like this TV programme, you can change .
5 This city is a of ancient and modern buildings.
3 Study the examples and then fill in the third column.

4 Translate the sentences into English using the words in brackets.
1敞开心扉，原谅别人，你会更快乐！(forgive)
2在比赛的大部分时间里，他们的对手都控制住了球。(opponent, possession)
3纳税是公民为社会做贡献的重要途径。(tax)
4这两个人因为涉嫌抢劫被逮捕。(arrest)
5今晚有高尔夫球锦标赛的现场直播。(coverage, tournament)
Using Structures
1 Complete the dialogues with the correct forms of the words in brackets.
1 A: Will your parents be back from their holiday tomorrow?
B: No, they decided (extend) their trip.
2 A: Have you got the test result on the new medicine?
B: Yes, it has proved (be) somewhat effective, but further testing remains (do).
3 A: Wow! l didn't expect Pete (be) such a good swimmer!
B: (spend) the past summer practising almost every day, he is now able (swim) much faster than before.
4 A: What happened? You were supposed (be) in Beijing by now!
B: I overslept and rushed to the airport, only (find) that the check-in counter had closed.
5 A: Which season do you like most?
B: Winter Because the city looks very beautiful when (cover) with snow.
6 A Who is considered (be) the father of the computer. Charles Babbage, Alan Turing, John Vincent Atanasoff, or John von Neuman?
B: Well, they are all believed (make) important contributions to computer science.
2 Mark the function of the infinitive in each sentence. Then translate them into Chinese.
1 To be or not to be, that is the question.
2 It is better to give than to take
3 You're never too old to learn.
4 To know everything is to know nothing.
5 To save time is to lengthen life.
3 Complete the news report below with the appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets. What else do you know about Jiaolong?
Named after a mythical dragon, jiaolong is China’s first manned deep-sea research submersible. It was developed by Chinese designers (start) from 2002 and entered service in 2010, (make) China the fifth country in the world with deep-sea exploration technology.
In 2017, during a 138-day expedition that (start) in February the submersible’s mother ship, Xiangyanghong 9 sailed nearly 34, 000 km into the South China Sea, the northwester Indian Ocean, and the northwestern Pacific Ocean. Jiaolong conducted 30 dives (make) scientific investigations and (collect) samples. The submersible made five dives in the Mariana Trench and the Yap Trench, both in the western Pacific Ocean. These operations have enabled scientists (better understand) geographical and biological conditions deep under the oceans.
Right now, Jiaolong is undergoing maintenance before (start) its next adventure.
In 2020, Jiaolong will begin its first global deep-sea scientific exploration mission. It will have a new mother ship, which is (name) Deep Sea No 1. This grand mission is intended (strengthen) China's capacity in (survey) deep-sea environments and will increase the nation’s influence in this field.

Listening and Speaking
【点击听力】1 Read the news reports about shark attacks. Then write the headlines for the news reports.

【点击听力】2 Listen to an interview with shark expert Carl, and number the information in the correct order.
Shark populations grow at a slow rate.
A lot of sharks are killed because of modern fishing.
People should stop shark fishing.
Shark attacks get a lot of attention.
Shark populations are decreasing rapidly.
The endangered species need to be protected.
The chance of being bitten by a shark is actually very small.
Millions of sharks are killed each year.
【点击听力】3 Listen to the interview again and answer the questions.
1 How many people are killed by sharks each year?
2 Why are so many sharks being killed?
3 How does the shark’s biology affect shark populations?
4 What does Carl think will happen if people don’t stop shark fishing?
5 How long have shark species been in existence?
4 How can humans further improve their relationships with life in the ocean? Prepare a short speech and present it to the class.
Reading and Writing
1 Look at the title and the photo of the text. Then answer the questions below.
1 What objects can you see on the beach?
2 Where do you think they came from?
3 What words do you think might appear in the article?
【点击听力】2 Read the text and then answer the questions on page 79.


1 What alarming discovery did the scientists make?
2 What are "gyres"?
3 What is the "Great Pacific Garbage Patch"?
4 Why does "micro plastic make things even worse?
5 How does The Ocean Cleanup project work?
3 Write an argumentative essay about sea protection.
1 Choose a topic from the box below. You can also choose your own topic.
Ÿ protecting sea animals
Ÿ preserving sea resources
Ÿ collecting sea waste
Ÿ preventing oil spills/petrol leaks
Ÿ reducing pollution
Ÿ promoting better understanding of and respect for the sea
2 Before you write, consider and discuss these questions.
Ÿ Why is it important to protect the sea? What facts support this?
Ÿ What is the issue you want to highlight? Why is it happening?
Ÿ What facts illustrate this issue?
Ÿ Does everyone agree on the issue? What different opinions are there about it?
Ÿ What solutions are there already for this issue? Do they work? Are they being used?
Ÿ What solution do you think would work for this issue? Why? How would it work?
3 Include your opinions on the topic, and find facts to support and prove your point.
*Expanding Your World



UNIT 4
Using Words and Expressions
1 Match the words with their meanings. Then make a sentence with each word.
1 chorus
2 ripe
3 secondary
4 shade
5 weed
6 circus
A a wild plant growing where it is not wanted
B a dark and cool area under or behind something
C something that is said by a group of people at the same time
D a group of entertainers, sometimes with trained animals
E less important than something else
F (of fruit or crops) fully grown and ready to be eaten
2 Rewrite the sentences by replacing the underlined words with the key words from this unit.
1 Tinned food should be stored in an area without sunlight.
2 The decision was reached after a discussion with parents and teachers.
3 Teachers who are more flexible in their teaching methods can inspire their students to be more creative.
4 The young boy ran home, blocking the hole at the bottom of his jug with his hand to stop the water from pouring out.
3 Translate the following sentences into English using the words in brackets.
1如果你感染了该病毒，你应该马上咨询医生是否需要服用这种胶囊。(consult)
2每个人都有自己的音乐品味，那该用什么标准来判断一首歌的曲调是否优美呢？(criteria, tune)
3他在巡回演讲中想要传达给观众的是，分享是有价值的，而自私导致贫穷。(relay, circuit)
4她在讨论中提供的专业知识非常有用，虽然我们采取行动的时机还未到。(input, ripe)
5这个老人拖着一个大包裹吃力地走着，盼望能早点到家。(drag, parcel)
4 Complete the passage using the correct forms of the words in the box. Then give a title to it.
taste forehead until mechanic even
stability without uniform deserve rigid

About fifty years ago, I was just a high school graduate when my neighbour introduced me to my first job at a railway construction site. I had never pictured myself putting on a and being trained to be a .Although it was a job, it was much harder than I had expected, and there were so many rules we had to follow. And the mosquitoes at night were just terrible, for a native Tanzanian. I got a of just how hard life could be for construction workers, when I had never given them a thought before in my life. However, my misfortunes brought a dear friend into my life: Liu Ming from China. The man has a as wide as mine, but his eyes and nose are smaller. At one time I became seriously ill. He took me to a Chinese clinic, where I received free medical treatment. He stayed with me I recovered. Over the years, I have told my children and grandchildren that China our thanks for the railway connecting us and Zambia, and that Liu, they wouldn't have their father or grandfather around to tell them stories of China.
Using Structures
1 Finish the story with the phrases in the box. Then give a title to it.
Both Jo and I up to in their names
as well A couple of years pulled out
pretty seriously in need

ago, my wife and I a gift catalogue for people and invited each of our kids to choose something that we could buy .When we handed the list to our nine-year-old daughter, we expected her to choose a toilet or a sewing machine or something similar. But instead, she thought it through and chose “village development package”, which was worth $5,000. were surprised and ashamed, as our daughter’s generosity really challenged our finances and pushed the limits of our generosity .
2 Underline the phrases in the sentences below. Then delete some of the phrases to make the sentences shorter and see how the meanings have changed.
1 Jenny was a bit nervous when she heard the exciting news that she had been selected as an overseas volunteer for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, since she had no concept of what she would be needed to do.
2 Yesterday, the local police announced, “Suspected of murdering seven people, two men at large for almost forty years were arrested on Monday at last.”
3 Walking down the dusty track, we constantly came across elderly people with wrinkled foreheads working in the fields without batting an eye at the passers-by.
4 The Chinese soldiers, who are dressed in neat green army uniforms, have been making a great difference in war-stricken districts, where life has been turned upside down.
3 Read the poem below and analyse the use of phrases. How do these phrases express feelings?

Listening and Speaking
1 Annie, a member of the Community Care Committee, is talking to students about The Fred Hollows Foundation. Before you listen, look at the photos, read the captions, and predict what the speech is about.

【点击听力】2 Listen to Annie’s speech. Take notes and complete the table below.

【点击听力】3 Listen again and fill in the blanks. Then write the correct letter next to each part of the speech.
A conclusion B hook C problem D organisation’s work E solution
□Did you know that somebody in the world ？What is worse is that do not need to be blind at all.
□Do you know what a "cataract" is? It's when the lens of your eye until eventually you can't see anything. That sounds terrible but the treatment .
□Cataracts can be removed and replaced by a special Perspex lens. This simple operation and by the next day the patient .Because blind people , they cannot pay for the operation, so they have of seeing again.
□An Australian eye doctor named Fred Hollows was determined to find a way to of this operation. Today, more than people have had their eyesight restored, thanks to the work of the foundation.
□Fred Hollows spent his life in .He believed action was the .In my opinion, this is the best kind of volunteer work: .
Reading and Writing
【点击听力】1 What do you think the title below is referring to? Read the text and find out if you are right.


2 Read the text again and answer the questions.
1 Why might someone purchase a gift from this catalogue?
2 How might a women's self-help group be useful?
3 Which gifts are related to education? How are they useful to the poor?
4 How many gifts are related to health and medical care?
5 Which gifts help to support famiies? How about a whole community?
3 Discuss the following questions in groups.
1 Is this a good way to provide help to the poor? Why or why not?
2 What other gifts can you think of that might be helpful to poor areas?
4 Think about what students, families, schools, and teachers may need in poor areas. Create your gift catalogue.
1 Make a list of gifts that would be helpful. Use the mind map below to help you.
2 Write a short description for your gift catalogue.
3 Organise your list and create a nice advertisement for your catalogue.

*Expanding Your World




UNIT 5
Using Words and Expression
1 Replace the underlined parts with the correct forms of the key words and phrases from the unit.
1 The report concluded that the new enterprise should be started, and the decision was well supported by all the meeting participants.
2 She finally got back her wallet with the help of the policeman.
3 I missed the beginning of the concert because I couldn’t find a place to park my car.
4 With a beautiful style of writing and fluent English, she beat other applicants and got the secretary job.
5 The shirt sewn by the famous tailor is almost perfect except for the part around the neck.
2 Read and complete an account of a person who has pursued different career paths. How much do you agree with his/her style of choosing a career？
attend to fit into debt
amateur priority finance
resign apply for
I have never wondered what I should do when deciding on a career choice. My top is finding something that suits my passion. I developed a strong interest in information technology in high school, so I chose a related university major and studied hard. After I graduated, I worked in a(n) company and was responsible for processing repayments for about five years. Then I wanted to try something new. As travelling was also one of my passions, I a job that provided the chance to travel around the world. However, after two years of travelling and always having endless business to ,I kind of lost my passion. I decided to take a rest, so I from my job and worked as a volunteer for an educational organisation.
Then I found my new passion was to help college graduates society. Now I want to be a career coach. I am still an in this field, but I believe I have a lot of experience and I think others could benefit from it.
3 Translate the sentences into English using the words and phrases in brackets.
1 如果你毕业后想在金融领域工作，作为学生，你的首要任务是获得相关的学历。(finance industry, priority)
2我支持我姐姐选择特殊教育专业，因为她很有耐心、喜欢小孩，还总是意愿照顾别人的需要。(attend to)
3因为能够提供更好的职业发展机会，这家公司每年都能收到几千份简历和求职信。(application letter, CV)
4在中国这样一个社会主义国家，共产党员应始终把国家和人民的需要放在首位。(socialist, communist, priority)
5侦探通过追踪一张偶然留下的收据，最终破获了案件。(detective, receipt)
4 Use an English dictionary or check online to find more collocations for the words below. Then make sentences with the phrases.
drawer collar debt fry
finance bounce priority security

Using Structures
1 Read the following sentences and decide what kind of long sentences they are, and then try to translate them into Chinese.
1 Becoming a novelist is one of my dreams, and I would also like to be a school teacher.
2 The famous designer released her new line on Wednesday, which will no doubt start a new fashion trend this year.
3 June got accepted by her favourite university, but she decided to postpone her enrollment and applied to do volunteer work in Africa for a year instead.
4 While waiting for the paint to dry, Angela explained to the children what she was trying to communicate in her painting, and they all listened attentively with admiring expressions on their faces.
5 I joined a music club a couple of months ago and I have been listening to some neoclassical music recently, which has helped me develop a new respect for classical music.
6 The teacher divided the students into pairs, with John and Sarah ending up as partners fora project, which Sarah wasn’t happy about.
2 Read this information about a new jet and rewrite the sentences using long sentences. Then put them in order to make a logical paragraph.

1 “It was a very smooth take-off,” Fu Song told the reporter. “We are very proud to see that it worked.” Fu is a Tsinghua University engineer. He was involved in the project.
2 C919 is the first Chinese-built passenger jet. It was designed to compete with major jetliners.
3 The flight took off from Shanghai’s Pudong International Airport and landed back again 80 minutes later. The successful flight was greeted with an outpouring of patriotism and pride.
4 The jet is the work of the Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China (COMAC). It's a state-run company. It was founded in 2008.
5 The government celebrated the symbolic flight as further evidence of China's rise. It was broadcast live on television.
Sentences in order: 2- - - -5
3 Read the passage and match the underlined parts with the meanings below. Then replace the underlined parts with information about a job that you are interested in.
A working place/usual work environment
B occupation name
C advantages and disadvantages
D related major
E work requirements
F qualifications/skills needed
G working time
Being a reporter is something that interests me. Reporters often work both indoors and outdoors. Schools, government buildings, factories, restaurants, and even community streets are places where they show up to do interviews with different sorts of people. Reporters ought to be strong in communication, as they need to get first-hand information and opinions. Once reporters obtain what they need they start to write their articles. Therefore, the ability to write good articles is vital for reporters as well. The working hours may not be regular but the challenges that go with the job really fascinate me. I hope that I can major in journalism at university next year.
Listening and Speaking
1 What kind of questions do you think a high school student would ask a career counsellor? Write a list of at least five questions you would ask.
【点击听力】2 Listen to a conversation between a high school student and a career counsellor. Write down the answers to the following questions.
1 What is the student's problem?

2 Do employers prefer students with specialised majors?

3 What does the counsellor say is most important?

4 What kind of work does the counsellor advise the student to find?

【点击听力】3 Listen to the conversation again and fill in the blanks with the correct information.

The student's name is . The counsellor's name is .The student's favourite subiect is because . The counsellor advised her to . that has a lot of because that way she can .The counsellor also said that is not the most important thing.
4 In pairs, talk about the following issues. Give your opinions and explain how any of the issues affect you.
Ÿ Students needn’t worry about not knowing what their dream career is.
Ÿ Students needn't choose specialised majors.
Ÿ There are many options for students who don't go to university.
Ÿ Money is not as important as happiness at work.
Ÿ Whether your work can benefit people is important.
5 Briefly report your opinions to the class.
Reading and Writing
【点击听力】1 Read the title of the text. What do you think the text will talk about? What are your opinions on the subject?


2 Read the text and answer these questions.
1 What is the rough idea of the 10 000 hours theory? What did Gladwell claim 10.000 hours to be? What examples did Gladwell use and why?
2 Why did Ericsson disagree with Gladwell? What did he mean by "deliberate practice"?
3 What did a recent study from Princeton University show?
4 What are Ericsson's tips on practising?
3 What factors can go into making someone an expert? Fill in the chart below with the ideas from the text. You may also add other factors as necessary.

4 Think about the following questions and note down your answers.
1 Do you agree with the 10,000 hours theory? Why or why not?
2 How could you use Ericsson’s practice tips to help you become more suited to your chosen career?
3 What are the factors needed to make someone an expert? List them in order of importance.
4 What are some of the social and environmental factors that help in creating an expert?
5 What skill have you practised most? How did you practised it and what results did you see?
5 Use your notes to write an essay to express your opinion on what it takes to become an expert.
* Expanding Your World



Grammar语法
Ⅰ The Passive Voice被动语态
1语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
2使用被动语态的句子，请语动词的形式是“be+动词过去分词”。语义上主语为动作的承受者或对象，主要用于需要强调动作承受者、不必要指出动作执行者的情况，或出于语篇衔接连贯的需要。一般来说，只有及物动词才有被动语态。
3在“be+动词过去分词”结构中，助动词be有时态、人称和数的变化，变化规则与系动词be相同。
被动语态的时态、人称和数的形式变化列表(以push为例)

使用被动语态的过去进行时的句子，谓语由“was/were+ being+动词过去分词”构成，表达过去某个时间正在进行的含有被动含义的动作、行为。如：
The last time I went back to my hometown, a big power station was being built there.上次我回家乡时，那里正在修建一个大电厂。
She was being looked after by a robot that looked so human, and it was disturbing.她被一个看起来很像人的机器人照顾着，这让她不安。
Ⅱ The Past Participle过去分词
1动词的过去分词形式上由“动词原形+ed”构成。部分动词的过去分词有特殊形式变化(参见附录不规则动词表)。过去分词不能单独用作谓语，但可用于完成时态(have/had+动词过去分词)和被动语态(be+动词过去分词)中构成谓语。
2过去分词是非谓语动词(或称非限定动词)的一种。过去分词保留着动词的部分特性，有完成或被动含义，可带状语构成过去分词短语。在句法功能上，过去分词(短语)与形容词或副词作用类似，在句子中可充当定语、状语、宾补、表语等成分。
3作定语用时，过去分词一般位于所修饰的名词之前，而过去分词短语通常位于所修饰的名词之后。如：
When the delayed flight takes off depends mainly on the weather.延误的航班什么时候起飞，主要看天气情况。
Can you tell the differences between spoken language and written language? 你能区分口语和书面语的差别吗？
The players selected from the whole country are expected to bring us honour in this summer’s games. 从全国选拔出来的运动员预计会在这次夏季比赛中给我们带来荣誉。
4作状语用时，过去分词修饰谓语，说明动作发生的时间、原因、条件、方式等。分词作状语，用于句首比在其他位置更为常见。如：
United we stand, divided we fall.团结带来力量，分裂导致衰败。
Seen from the top of the Tiger Hill, the city of Suzhou was very beautiful.从虎丘上俯瞰，苏州城非常美。
Encouraged by her English teacher, Lisa soon caught up with her classmates.在英语老师的鼓励下，莉萨很快就赶上了其他同学。
Greatly shocked, Jeff couldn't speak a word.由于受到惊吓，杰夫一句话也说不出来。
5作宾补用时，过去分词常用于使役动词have, get, make, keep和感官动词see, watch, hear等动词的宾语后面，表达谓语动词引起的宾语的变化，或补充说明宾语的性状。如:
When speaking or writing to someone, do your best to make yourself understood.说话或写文章时，应该尽最大努力让别人明白自己的意思。
Owen got his nose hurt when he played football with his teammates.跟队友踢球时，欧文被弄伤了鼻子。
I heard the door pulled open.我听见门被拉开了。
6作表语用时，过去分词在be, become, get, feel, look, seem等系动词之后，表示主语的特征或性状。如：
She is married.她已结婚了。
The other children looked neglected.其他孩子看起来被忽视了。
The quarrel the night before seemed forgotten.前一天晚上的争吵似乎被忘掉了。
Ⅲ The Infinitive不定式
1动词不定式的形式与功能
不定式是英语动词的非谓语形式之一，形式上由“to+动词原形”构成。不定式仍保留着动词的部分特性，可以带宾语和状语构成不定式短语，有时态和语态的变化。句法功能上，动词不定式(短语)与名词、形容词或副词作用类似，在句子中可以充当主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补等成分。
(1)作主语：
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。
It's very important to master a foreign language.掌握一门外语是很重要的。(it作形式主语)
(2)作表语：
The most important thing for a doctor is to heal the wounded and save the dying.医生最重要的职责是救死扶伤。
The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas.这一倡议旨在促进具有历史意义的丝绸之路周边地区的合作与贸易。
(3)作宾语
Would you like to watch a football game with me? 你愿意跟我去看足球赛吗？
He finds it very difficult to stand on one foot for a long time.他发现长时间单足站立很困难。(it作形式宾语)
(4)作定语(通常位于所修饰的词之后)：
He is always the last one to leave the office.他总是最后一个离开办公室。
We are very busy and we all have a lot of work to do on weekends.我们都很忙，周末也有很多工作要做。
There is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects. 为了解气候变化及其影响，北极研究追在眉睫。
(5)作状语：
Many people rush to the new city to look for job opportunities.很多人涌入这个新城市来寻找就业机会。
A few years later he came home to find that his hometown had greatly changed.几年后他回到家乡发现那里发生了很大变化。
(6)作宾补
She often helps her mother (to) do some housework on weekends.周末她经常帮妈妈做家务。
Miss Li advised us to read some English novels during the summer holiday.李老师建议我们暑假读些英语小说。
Marco Polo's tales inspired European explorers to search for sea routes from west to east.马可·波罗的故事启发了欧洲探险家寻找由西方通往东方的海上航线。
说明：
某些动词后用不带to的不定式构成复合宾语，但当整个句子变为被动结构时，不定式要加to。如：
The boss made the workers work long hours.
The workers were made to work long hours
I saw you climb through the window
You were seen to climb through the window
2动词不定式的时态和语态
(1)不定式常见时态有三种：一般时(to do)、进行时(to be doing)、完成时(to have done)。在不同的句子中，我们需要根据不定式动作时间与句子谓语时间的关系来选择不同时态。如：
When we arrived at the riverside, they seemed to be cooking something on the fire.当我们到达河边时，他们好像在用火烤东西吃。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting.抱歉让你久等了。
She seems to have read the book before.她好像以前读过这本书。
The Dutch may have been the first Europeans to have explored Australia.荷兰人可能是最早到澳大利亚探险的欧洲人。
(2)当句子中的不定式与其所关联的名词在语义上有被动关系时，不定式用被动语态。如：
It was impossible for lost time to be made up.
Can you tell me which car is to be repaired?
I wish to be sent to work in the western region.
There were so many passengers who needed to be transferred.
It's a great honour for me to be invited to Mary’s birthday party.
Ⅳ Phrases短语
1英语中的短语是有一定意义但不构成独立从句或句子的一组词。从形式结构角度划分，英语的短语可分为名词短语、动词短语、形容词短语、副词短语、介词短语等。英语短语的句法功能通常与对应的单词的句法功能类似，比如，名词短语与名词功能相似，在句子中主要充当主语、宾语；介词短语主要是充当定语、状语、补语。例如：Most of the boys in my class like playing football.在这个句子中，most of the boys是名词短语， in my class是介词短语，like playing football是动词短语。
2短语动词(phrasal verbs)是一种固定的词组，一般由动词加介词或副词构成。常用的短语动词有以下几类：
动词+副词。如：look out, take off, stay up
动词+介词。如：look into, attend to, appeal to
动词+副词+介词。如：get along with, catch up with, do away with
动词+名词+介词。如：take part in, take care of, pay attention to
Ⅴ Long Sentences长句
1 英语的长句子之所以长，是因为含有较多较长的修饰成分，或是包含多个并列句或从句。长句子的理解与一般句子相似，主要包括句法结构、语义逻辑和语篇功能三方面。理解长句的基础是厘清句子的结构层次，这需要学习者熟恐了解英语的基本句型，在此基础上抓住长句子的主干，即句子的主语和谓语，然后再逐层横理分析长句中其他成分的层次关系。如：
Some people know what they want to do from a young age, but many others just have a few ideas bouncing around in their heads,有的人年轻时就清楚自己想做什么，但更多的人往往是只有一些想法在脑子里晃来晃去。
这是由转折连词but连接的并列复合句，表达前后两种情况的对比。前半部分是“主谓宾状”结构，其中含有what引导的宾语从句；后半部分也是“主谓宾”结构，其中的bouncing around in their heads作定语修饰ideas。
If you want to hold a koala, you have to go to certain licensed zoos where animal experts make sure that the koalas selected for each session are in a good state for human contact and that they are handled for only a limited time and on a limited frequency of occasions,如果想抱抱考拉，你得去那些有执照的动物园。那里的动物专家会确保挑选出来的考拉状态良好、适合与人接触，游客爱抚考拉的时长和频率也有限制。
该句的主干是一个主谓状结构(you have to go to zoos), if引导的是条件状语从句，where后面直到句尾是个很长的定语从句，修饰zoos。这个定语之所以长，是因为其中含有两个由that引导的宾语从句。
But by any criteria this work is worth it to us as well, because it shows that we are global citizens interested in world stability, and that we feel responsible for others and are ready to build a community with a shared future for mankind.但以任何标准来看，这项工作对我们都是值得的；因为它表明，我们是关注世界稳定的全球公民，我们对他人负有责任，我们为建立人类命运共同体做好了准备。
这个长句，第一层从because分开，前面的主句为“主系表”结构，because后面直到句尾是一个“主谓宾”结构的原因状语从句，用来说明“这项工作很有意义”的理由。第二层，原因状语从句内部包含两个由that引导的宾语从句，作show的宾语。第三层，两个that引导的宾语从句是并列关系，也都是“主
系表”结构。
2 有些长句在语篇中与上下文存在较为紧密的衔接连贯关系，尤其是句中有指代词的时候，除了需要厘清句子的结构层次和语义逻辑之外，有时还需结合句子所在的上下文，分析明确长句中指代词的具体所指。如：
Koalas spend quite a lot of time eating, sleeping, and hanging onto tree trunks, so interaction with humans can cause them a lot of stress. Because of this, the government began to make laws against touching koalas, in the interest of animal protection, as well as public safety. So, if you see one in the wild, you shouldn’t approach it to pick it up or even touch it.考拉的大量时间都用于吃、睡和抱着树干，与人类的互动会给它们带来很大的压力。因此，政府已开始制定法律来限制人触摸考拉，这既是为了保护动物也是为了公众安全。所以，如果你在野外看到考拉，不要为了抱它而接近它，甚至不要去触摸它。
这段文字由三个句子组成，第一句是个并列句，由so连接，它与第二句话在语义上密切关联。准确理解文中指代词的所指，有助于理解句意。第一句话中的them指代koalas；第二句话中的this回指第一句话所描述的情况；第三句话分别用one和it指代koala，与前两句话相衔接。整段文字简洁、语义连贯。