高中英语人教版 (新课标)选修7&8选修8Unit 3 Inventors and inventions复习练习题
展开Unit 3 Inventins and inventrs
一、重点词汇
考点1.distinguish vt. & vi.显示……的差别;辨别
【教材原句】Here was a chance fr me t distinguish myself...
这次我有机会来表现一下自己了……。
【例句研读】
(1) Research suggests that babies learn t see by ____________________ areas f light and dark.
研究表明,婴儿通过辨别光亮和黑暗的区域来学会看东西。
(2) There is smething abut music that distinguishes it ________all ther art frms.
音乐的某种特质使其有别于其他所有艺术形式。
(3)Over the next few years he _____________________________________________ a leading schlar.
在接下来的几年里,他作为一名杰出的学者而声名远扬。
【答案】(1) distinguishing between (2) frm
(3) has been distinguished as/has distinguished himself as
【归纳拓展】
考点2.seize vt.抓住;捉住;夺取;攻占
【教材原句】 decide t seize the pprtunity t get recgnitin fr my successful idea by sending my inventin t the patent ffice.
……我决定抓住这次机会把我的发明送到专利局去,请他们对我这次成功的思路给予认定。
【例句研读】
(1) The elephant___ a nearby branch and put it int her muth.
大象抓住一根附近的树枝并放入口中。
(2) He ___ ___ ___sudden chest pains.
他突然感到胸部疼痛。
【归纳拓展】
【温馨提示】
seize作“(疾病)侵袭”讲时常用于被动语态中,构成“be
seized with”结构,意为“感染……疾病,受……侵染”。
考点3.bear (bre, brne) vt. 忍受;忍耐;负担;生育
【教材原句】I can’t bear the smell f burnt sausage n the barbecue. 我不能忍受烤肉架是烤焦的香肠的气味。
【例句研读】
①The ice is t thin___ ____ yur weight.
冰太薄,承受不了你的重量。
②I can't bear peple ____in my ffice while I'm wrking.
我在办公室工作时,受不了有人吸烟。
【答案】①t bear ②smking
【归纳拓展】
考点4.assciate vt.联想;联系;n.同伴;伙伴
【教材原句】Althugh he is mst ften assciated with the inventin f the telephne, …尽管他经常被与电话的发明练习起来。…
【例句研读】
①While she was in Paris, she ___ ____many wellknwn artists.
她在巴黎的时候和许多知名艺术家共过事。
②We ften assciate China ___ the Great Wall.我们常把中国同长城联系起来。
【答案】①assciated with ②with
【归纳拓展】
考点5.practical adj. 实际的;实践的;适用的
【教材原句】…, he was indeed a cntinuing searcher after practical slutins t imprve the quality f everybdy’s life 他的确是一名永不停息的探索家,不断寻求着改善人们生活质量的途径。
【例句研读】
①Her advice is_____. Yu'd better fllw it.
她的建议是适用的,你最好听从。
②There are tw bvius practical applicatins f the research.
这项研究有两个明显的____用途。
【归纳拓展】
特别提示
其反义词为impractical;名词形式为practice;动词为practise/practice,
其后若跟动词用ing形式。
考点6.cautin n.&vt. 小心,谨慎;警告
【教材原句】This time with great cautin I bent dwn t examine the snakes and I fund them very sleepy.
这一次我小心翼翼地蹲下去检查,我发现蛇正在犯困。
【例句研读】
①I ____him nt t be late.
我警告他不要迟到。
②We prceeded with cautin.
我们___进行。
③The infrmatin shuld be treated ___ ___ .
处理此信息要特别谨慎。
【答案】①cautined ②谨慎 ③with cautin.
【归纳拓展】
考点7.expectatin n. 期待;预料;前程
【教材原句】This was in the expectatin that the snakes wuld bite again.
这是因为我预料蛇会再咬人。
【例句研读】
(1)He has little____ f passing the exam.
他对考试及格不抱希望。
(2)I usually enjy his films, but the latest ne didn’t cme up t my_____.
我向来喜欢看他的电影,但最近的一部并不像我期望的那样好。
【归纳拓展】
特别提示
*expectatin其意思为“期望,期待”, 不可数。beynd expectatin出乎意料(较预期者大或好)
in expectatin f预料
其意思为“期望的事物、前景”时常用复数。against expectatin(s)与预期相反
考点8.claim vt. 声称,认领 n.声称
【教材原句】 nly jb is t examine whether yur claim is valid r nt.
……他的唯一工作是检查你的声明是否有效。
【例句研读】
①if n ne ____ the items, they will becme Crwn prperty.
如果无人认领这些物件,它们就将成为王室(国有)财产。
②They claim t have discvered a cure fr the disease.
他们____已经发现了治疗此病的一种药物。
【答案】①claims ②声称
【归纳拓展】
考点9.beat(beat,beaten)vt. 连续不断的击打,打败
【教材原句】Leave the beaten track ccasinally and dive int the wds.
偶尔离开平路去寻找困境。
【例句研读】
①His heart is ___fast.
他的心跳得很快。
②she beat him easily at chess.
下象棋时,她轻而易举地___了他。
③he heard a regular drum____.
他听到了有规律的击鼓声。
【答案】①beating②赢③beat
【归纳拓展】
10.inncent adj. 无辜的,清白的,无罪的;天真的
【教材原句】In a curtrm it is smetimes difficult t recgnize wh is inncent and wh is guilty.
在法庭上,有时很难辨别出谁是有罪的,谁是无罪的。
【例句研读】
①she was an _____persn.
她是个天真无邪的人。
②They have imprisned an inncent man.
他们监禁了一个_____男子。
【答案】①inncent ②无辜的
【归纳拓展】
11.abrupt adj. 突然的;意外的
【教材原句】They abruptly disappeared int a cnvenient hle in the wall.他们突然消失在附近的墙洞里了。
【例句研读】
①The ___change f schedule gave me lts f truble.
行程突然改变给我造成许多麻烦。
②The rad is full f abrupt turns and is dangerus fr mtring.
这条路到处都是____,开汽车很危险
【答案】(1)abrupt(2)急转弯
【归纳拓展】
二、重点短语
考点1.set abut开始,着手(后接动词ing形式);出发;动身
【教材原句】I set abut researching the habits f snakes t find the easiest way t trap them.
我着手研究蛇的习性,以便能找到捕蛇的最简易的方法。
【例句研读】
That evening he ___ ___ ___a reprt n pllutin.
那天晚上,他开始着手写一篇关于污染的报告。
②After the earthquake, peple set abut rebuilding their hmes.
地震过后人们____重建家园。
【归纳拓展】
考点2.get thrugh完成;通过;接通电话;度过(时间)
【教材原句】I can't get thrugh.
我打不通电话。
【例句研读】
①The wman was s fat that she culdn't ___ ____the drway.
这女人胖得连门都通不过。
②After getting ________ washing the dishes, he went ut.
【答案】①get thrugh ②thrugh
【归纳拓展】
考点3.call up 给……打电话;(使)回忆起;召集(开会等)
【教材原句】When I called up my mther in the cuntryside n the telephne she was very upset.
当我给在乡下的妈妈打电话时,她正感到心烦。
【例句研读】
①I ___ ___ ___three mnths after the war brke ut.
战争爆发三个月后,我被征召入伍。
②I call yu up this evening.
今晚我________。
③The music_____ ld times.
音乐让人回想起旧日时光。
④This ld pht ____ _____memries f my childhd.
这老照片引起我对童年的回忆。
【归纳拓展】
规则提示
call up后的宾语如果是代词,此代词应放在call和up之间;如果是具体的人或物,放在call和up之间或up之后均可。
I called her up.
I called the girl up.=I called up the girl.
call up作“打电话”讲时可用ring up代替。
lk back n /t sth.也当“回忆,记起”讲,其主语一般为“人”,而call up的意思是“使……回忆起”,主语为“物”。
考点4.ut f rder 次序颠倒;发生故障
【教材原句】I’m srry, but this phne is ut f rder.对不起,这部电话坏了。
【例句研读】
①Nt that the machine is___ ____ ___, but that I have nt learned t perate it.
不是机器出了故障,而是我还没有学会操作。
②I checked the files and sme f them were ut f rder.我检查了这些卷宗,其中一些_____.
【归纳拓展】
考点5. nw and then 偶尔;有时
【教材原句】Snakes cme near the huse nw and then.蛇偶尔会来到这所房子附近。
【例句研读】
(1) He is busy with his jb every day and ges t the cinema______.
他每天忙于工作,偶尔去看看电影。
(2) He slips nw and then in his grammar.
他_____犯语法错误。
【答案】(1) nw and then (2) 不时地
【归纳拓展】
考点6.hang n 不挂断;稍等;紧紧握住
【教材原句】Hang n,please请别挂断电话.
【例句研读】
(1)___ ____ — I'll just see if he's here.
等一下——我这就看看他在不在。
(2) We all hung n as the bus swung arund a sharp turn.
公共汽车急转弯时,我们都______扶手。
【归纳拓展】
规则提示
hang n作“别挂断,坚持”讲时和hld n的用法一样。
Hld n a minute,I’ll just get a pen.
请稍等,我拿一只笔来。
Try and hld n until help arrives.
想办法坚持到有人来帮助。
hang up的意思是“挂断电话”。
考点7.dive int跳水(头朝下);将手伸入……中;(对活动,问题等)全心投入,潜心研究
【教材原句】Leave the beaten track ccasinally and dive int the wds. 偶尔离开坦途去寻求困境。
【例句研读】
① The by ___ ____the river frm the bridge.
这男孩从桥上跳入河中。
② He dived int his pcket and pulled ut a quarter.
他_____口袋中取出一枚25美分的硬币。
③He dived int/in the histry f China.
他_____中国历史。
【答案】(1) dived int ②将手伸入③潜心研究
【归纳拓展】
考点8. set ut t d sth.为了某个目标而努力
【教材原句】Bell never set ut t invent the telephne and what he was trying t design was a multiple telegraph.贝尔从来没打算去发明电话,他所努力去设计的是一种复合电报。
【例句研读】
(1) He ___ ____t break the recrd fr the channel swim.
他决心打破游过海峡的记录。
(2) They set ut t examine the ship.
他们____检查这艘船。
【归纳拓展】
三 经典句型
考点1. befre 从句
【教材原句】The next mrning I gt up early befre the sun was ht.
第二天早上,天还不是很热,我就早早地起来了。
【句法分析】
befre作连词表示时间时,根据其在句中的实际情况,译法有多种,具体可译为:
(1)在……之前。
We lived in Paris befre mving t Lndn.
我们搬到伦敦之前住在巴黎。
(2)……(之后)才……。
It was a lng time befre I gt t sleep again.
很长一段时间之后我才重新入睡。
(3)(不多久)就……。
It wasn't lng befre she came back.不久她就回来了。
(4)以免……。
Lck yur bike befre it gets stlen.
锁好你的自行车,以免被偷。
(5)还没来得及……就……。
Befre Jhn stpped her, she ran ut.
约翰还没来得及阻止她,她就跑了出去。
【例句研读】
①There's a feeling in me that we'll meet again.
我有一种感觉,我们会再见面。
②The news that he passed away made me sad.
【考点聚焦】befre引导时间状语从句
考点2. 祈使句+and/r+陈述句
【教材原句】Fllw it up, explre all arund it, and befre yu knw it, yu will have smething wrth thinking abut t ccupy yur mind.
跟踪下去,不断探索,不知不觉中,你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。
【句法分析】 “祈使句+and/r+陈述句”结构中,前后为承接关系时用and或then;而前后是相反关系时用r, therwise或r else,这种句型可以改为if引导的条件状语从句。
【例句研读】
Give me ne mre hur, and I’ll get the wrk finished.再给我一个小时,我把工作完成。
②Fllw yur dctr’s advice. r yur cugh will get wrse.听从医嘱,否则你的咳嗦会更厉害。
【考点聚焦】and或者r引导的并列连词
考点3. it is/was nt
【教材原句】 it was nt until five days later that Bell sent his first telephne message t his assistant Watsn.
但是直到五天以后比尔才把他的电话信息传给他的助手沃森。
【句法分析】该句为含有 句子的强调句,其构成形式为“it is/was nt ”。
【例句研读】
①It was nt until the 1940s that such machines culd be built.
直到20世纪40年代这种机器才能制造。
②It was nt until five days later that Bell sent the first telephne message t his assistant,Watsn.
在(专利给予他)五天之后贝尔才向他的助手华生发出了第一个电话信息。
【考点聚焦】nt until 用于强调句型
考点4 . seem +t have made...(作表语)
【教材原句】Snakes cme near the huse nw and then,and they seem t have made their hme here.
蛇偶尔出现在房子附近,它们好像在这里安了家。
【句法分析】seem 是连系动词,t have made...作表语,表示动作发生在seem之前。
【例句研读】
They seem t have made their hme there.
他们似乎在那安了家。
There nly seemed t be pwders designed t kill snakes.
似乎只有一些设计好用来杀死蛇的药末。
Things are nt always what they seem(t be).
事物并非总是与表象一致。
It wuld seem that there is n way ut f ur difficulty.
我们似乎无法摆脱困境。
It seems like years since I last saw yu.
似乎有多年没见你了。
It seems(as if)there will be an electin sn.
似乎不久就要进行选举了
【拓展归纳】
seem t d sth.“似乎要做……”,有各种时态,如:
seem t d sth.
seem t be ding sth.
seem t have dne sth.
seem like后一般跟名词,seem as if后跟句子,有时as if可省略:It seems as if …
seem后跟从句时,主语一般用it: It seems that…
seem t be + adj.结构中,t be可以省略。
【考点聚焦】seem 后跟非谓语的形式
考点5. 连词+v.ed/v.ing…
【教材原句】Between the utside and the inside walls f the bwl there is sme jelly, which freezes when cled.
在碗内外壁之间有一些胶状物,冷却时被冻得很结
【句法分析】 这里的when cled是一个省略结构,相当于when it (the jelly) is cled。
【例句研读】
When (he was) still a by f ten, he started wrking t supprt himself.
【拓展归纳】
在使用时间、地点、条件、让步、原因、比较或方式等之类的状语从句时,如果其中谓语部分含有 be的任何一种形式,而其主语又与主句的主语相一致或主语为it时,为避免重复,使语言生动、自然、简洁,常可以省略从句的主语和谓语部分,特别是系动词be。这种现象称为状语从句的省略。具体如下:
(1)时间状语从句的省略。这类从句主要由when,while,as sn as,nce,until等词引导。如:
(2)地点状语从句的省略。主要由where, wherever引导。如:
Yu can add sme wrds t yur cmpsitin where (it is) necessary.
(3)条件状语从句的省略。主要由if,unless,nce引导。如:
Once (it was) published, his wrk became famus fr the absence f rhyme at the end f each line.
(4)让步状语从句的省略。主要由thugh,althugh,hwever,whatever,even if,even thugh,n matter hw/what引导。如:
Thugh (he had been) defeated many times, he didn't lse heart.
(5)原因状语从句的省略。主要由because引导。如:
He decided nt t watch the ftball match because (he was) nt himself.
(6)比较状语从句的省略。主要由as,than引导。如:
In winter it is much clder in Beijing than (it is) in Shanghai.
Mary is nt s shy as (she was) a year ag when I first met her.
(7)方式状语从句的省略。主要由as,as if引导。如:
The ld man sat at the crner alne, as if (he was) thinking f smething.
English is nt s difficult t learn, as (it is) generally suppsed.
【考点聚焦】状语从句的省略
一.过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语与所修饰的词之间有两种关系:从时间上讲,表示动作已经完成;从语态上讲,表示被动的概念。分词作定语有两种形式:它可以放在被修饰的名词之前,称为前置定语;有的放在被修饰的名词之后,称为后置定语。
(1) 前置定语:单个过去分词及由过去分词构成的复合形容词作定语时,通常置于被修饰词之前。如:
the develped cuntries 发达国家;
well-trained plicemen 训练有素的警察
man-made satellites 人造卫星;
invited peple 被邀请的人
We nly sell used bks. 我们只卖用过的书。
(2) 后置定语:当单个过去分词及由过去分词修饰代词时,需置于被修饰词之后;过去分词短语作定语要后置。如:
Dn’t use wrds, expressin_rs r phrases knwn nly t peple with specific knwledge.
不要运用只有具有特别知识的人才能懂的词汇和表达方式。
The bridge built last mnth needs repairing.
上个月建造的那座桥需要修理。
(3)部分过去分词作定语有的既可前置也可后置,意义不变,但部分过去分词置于被修饰词前后的位置不同,则意义也不相同。如:
All the brken windws have been repaired. =All the windws brken have been repaired. 所有坏了的窗户已经修理好了。
an adpted child 收养的孩子; a plan adpted 被采纳的方案
(4)分词短语作定语必须置于被修饰词之后,相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。如:
① The first textbks written fr teaching as a freign language came ut in the 16th century. = The first textbks that(which)were written fr teaching as a freign language came ut in the 16th century.
② The Olympic Games, first held in 776 BC, did nt include wmen cmpetitrs until1912. = The Olympic Games, which were first held in 776 BC, did nt include wmen cmpetitrs until 1912.?
③ The man, having been disturbed s badly, almst lst his memry. = The man, wh had been disturbed s badly, almst lst his memry. 由于被严重困扰,这个人几乎失去了记忆。过去分词修饰句子作状语时,它所修饰的句子的主语与其是逻辑上的被动关系。
二 过去分词做状语
过去分词作状语:过去分词作状语时,说明动作发生的背景或情况,其等同于一个状语从句。vt 过去分词作状语时与主句主语构成被动关系,表示被动和完成,vi 过去分词表示状态或动作的完成。
Heated , water changes int steam .
The prfessr came in, fllwed by a grup f yung peple .
1 作原因状语,等于as / since / because 引导从句
Mved by what she said ,we culdn’t help crying . = ( As we are mved by what she said …
2 作时间状语,等于when 引导时间从句,如果分词表示的动作与谓语的动作同时发生,可在分词前加when/ while / until 等使时间意义更明确。
When heated , water can be changed int steam .
Seen frm the hill ,the park lks very beautiful .= ( When the park is seen frm the hill…
3 作条件状语等于 if / whether 引导从句
Given mre attentin , the cabbages culd have grwn better .= ( If they have been given mre attentin ….
Cmpared with yu , we still have a lng way t g = ( If we are cmpared with yu …
4 作方式或伴随状语
The actress came in , fllwed by her fans .
She sat by the windw , lst in thught .
5 作让步状语
Much tired ,he still kept n wrking .=(Althugh he was tired ,) he ….
6 独立主格结构: 当分词的逻辑主语不是主句主语时,分词可以有自己独立的逻辑主语,这种结构称为独立主格结构。常用来表示伴随情况。
The by rushed int the classrm , his face cvered with sweat .
All things cnsidered ,yur article is f great value than hers .
Rewrite with prper cnjunctins
Example : United we stand, divided we fall.
If we are united, we will stand, but if we are divided,we will fall.
1 Asked what had happened, he tld us abut it.
→When he was asked what had happened, …
2 Well knwn fr his expert advice, he received many invitatins t give lectures.
→Because he was well knwn fr his expert advice, …
3 Given mre time, we wuld be able t d the wrk much better.
If we were given mre time,…
distinguish 区分/辨别……和……
使……有别于……
distinguish neself (as...)(作为……)表现突出
distinguished adj.卓越的;著名的;杰出的
be distinguished fr...因……而出名
seize sb. by the cllar/the arm抓住某人的衣领/胳膊
seize up停止运转,发生故障
seize a chance t d...抓住机会做……
seize hld f 抓住,占领
seize n/upn利用,抓住(可利用的事物)
can't bear ding/t d sth.不能忍受做……
can't bear sb./sb.'s ding/t d sth.不能忍受某人做某事
bear a heavy burden肩负重担
bear respnsibility承担责任
bear/keep sth. in mind记住……
bear in mind that...记住……
使……与……联系起来;结合;合伙
assciate with sb与某人交往;共事
be assciated with与……有关
assciatin n.联合;联想;交往;协会;社团
in assciatin with与……联合;与……有关联
practical experience 实践经验
practically=actually 实际上;事实上
practice 把……付诸实施
in practice 在实践中
ut f practice (因久不练习)荒废;生疏
practice ding sth. 练习做…
with cautin 小心地
give sb.a cautin 告诫某人
receive a cautin frm sb. 得到某人的劝告
let sb.ff with a cautin 给出警告后才放过某人
cautin sb.+eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(ntt d sth.警告/劝告某人不做某事,against ding sth.劝告某人不要做某事,fr/abut sth.因某事而劝告某人))
cautius adj. 小心的,谨慎的
be cautius abut/f/with...在……方面很谨慎
be cautius(nt)t d 小心(不)做……
have expectatin f 期望
in expectatin f 期待;指望
against/cntrary t expectatin(s)=beynd expectatin(s)出乎预料
live up t(ne's)expectatins 达到(某人的)期望
an artist with great expectatins 一位有远大前程的艺术家
claim t d sth 声称做某事
claim sb t be / as... 声称...
claim n 要求权利
claim against 要求,索赔
be inncent f a crime 无罪的
an inncent child 一个天真的孩子
inncent fun 无恶意的玩笑
be inncent f sth. 缺乏/没有某物
inncence n. 无罪,无知,天真
abruptly adv. 突然地;唐突地
abruptness n. 鲁莽;唐突
set ut出发,启程
set ff 出发,动身;使爆炸
set aside 留出,对……不予以考虑
set dwn 记下,写下
set up 建立,开办;开业;树立;造成,产生
get alng with sb.与某人相处;进展
get away with sth.携某物潜逃;不因某事受惩罚
get dwn t sth./ding sth.开始做某事;认真处理某事
get acrss 被理解;使人了解
get dwn t 认真地静下心(工作)(t为介词)
get ver 克服
get in 收获
call fr 需要;要求;呼吁;(去)接某人
call at(火车等)停靠;拜访某地
call n 拜访某人
call n sb. t d sth. 号召/要求某人做某事
call ff 取消
call ut 大声说;召唤某人
call in 叫某人进入
call back 回电话;再打电话
in rder 按顺序;整齐;状况良好
keep gd rder 保持良好秩序
place an rder (fr)订购……
rder sb. t d sth. 命令某人做某事
rder that...(shuld) d 命令……
frm time t time时而;不时;偶尔
nw and again时而;不时;偶尔
at times时而;不时;偶尔
nce in a while时而;不时;偶尔
up and dwn 上下,来回
here and there 到处;处处
t and frm 来来回回;往返
day and night 夜以继日地
hang up挂电话
hang ff挂断(电话)
dive int作“潜心于……”讲时和devte neself t sth.的意思一样,但devte neself t sth.还有“投身于……把自己奉献给……”的意思。
set ut t d sth.和set abut ding sth.着手做某事
set ut fr=set ff fr=leave fr 出发到哪里去
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