英语选修7&8Unit 3 Inventors and inventions习题

这是一份英语选修7&8Unit 3 Inventors and inventions习题，共6页。
(2012·潮州模拟)There are many different ways f seeing a twn fr the first time.One f them is t walk arund it，guide­bk in hand.Of curse，we may __1__ with ur guide­bks the histry and __2__develpments f a twn and get t knw them.But then，if we __3__ ur time and stay in a twn fr a while，we may get t knw it better.When we __4__ it as a whle，we begin t have sme __5__，which even the best guide­bks d nt answer.Why is the twn just like this，this shape，this plan，this size? Why d its streets __6__in this particular way，and nt in any __7__ way?
Here even the best guide­bk __8__ us.One can't find in it the infrmatin abut hw a twn has develped t the __9__ appearance.It may nt describe the riginal __10__ f a twn.Hwever，ne may get sme ideas f what it __11__lk like by walking arund the twn.One can als imagine hw the twn was first planned and built.Then ne can learn mre abut in what directin the twn __12__ t develp.
What is the __13__ f studying twns in this way？Fr me，it is __14__ that ne gets a greater depth f pleasure by visiting and seeing a twn with ne's wn eyes.A persnal visit t a twn may help ne better understand why it is attractive than just reading abut it in a __15__.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了了解一个城镇的不同的方法。作者提出亲自到城镇里转一转要比拿一本旅行指南好。
1．A.write B．tell
C．study D．remember
【解析】 考查动词辨析。句意：当然，我们可以用旅行指南去研究一个城镇的历史以及它独特的发展状况，然后慢慢了解它。根据第三段第一句中的“ studying twns...”可知，C项正确。
【答案】 C
2．A.swift B．similar
C．separate D．special
【解析】 考查形容词辨析。swift意为“迅速的，快的”；similar意为“相似的”；separate意为“单独的，分开的”；special意为“特殊的”，上文提到研究城镇的历史，应该是了解其独到之处，故D项符合语境。
【答案】 D
3．A.take B．treasure
C．put D．limit
【解析】 考查动词辨析。句意：不过，如果我们花时间在城里待一会儿，我们就可以更好地了解它。take意为“花费”，符合文意。
【答案】 A
4．A.lk after B．lk at
C．lk fr D．lk up
【解析】 考查动词短语辨析。lk at意为“看到”；lk after意为“照顾”；lk fr意为“寻找”；lk up意为“查阅”。句意：当我们把它看做一个总体后，我们就会有一些连最好的旅游指南都解答不了的问题。故B项符合文意。
【答案】 B
5．A.ideas B．pinins
C．feelings D．questins
【解析】 考查名词辨析。根据下一句“Why is the twn just like this，this shape，this plan，this size？”可知，此处选D项，questins为先行词，且作answer的宾语。
【答案】 D
6．A.pen B．run
C．begin D．mve
【解析】 考查动词辨析。结合上下文内容可知，此处指城镇街道特别的延伸方式，街道延伸用run/extend，故选B项。
【答案】 B
7．A.ne B．mre
C．ther D．such
【解析】 考查形容词辨析。ther意为“其他的”。句意：为什么街道以这种独特的方式延伸，而不是任何其他方式？故C项符合文意。
【答案】 C
8．A.fails B．tricks
C．helps D．satisfies
【解析】 考查动词辨析。句意：甚至最好的旅行指南也会使我们失望。fail sb.意为“使某人失望，有负于某人”，符合文意。而help sb.意为“帮助某人”；trick sb.意为“哄骗某人”；satisfy sb.意为“使某人满意”与语境不符。
【答案】 A
9．A.ld B．nrmal
C．first D．present
【解析】 考查形容词辨析。ld意为“古老的，旧的”；nrmal意为“普通的”；first意为“第一的”；present意为“目前的”。这里是指通过guide­bk你无法获得关于一个城镇如何发展成了现在的样子的相关信息，故选D项。
【答案】 D
10．A.capital B．meaning
C．design D．change
【解析】 考查名词辨析。根据下文“the twn was first planned and built”可知，此空应填design，表示不能向我们介绍城镇最初的设计。
【答案】 C
11．A.used t B．seemed t
C．had t D．happened t
【解析】 考查短语辨析。used t d意为“过去常常做某事”；seem t意为“似乎”；have t意为“不得不”；happen t意为“碰巧”。此处指在城镇里走一走，可以了解它过去是什么样子的，故A项符合文意。
【答案】 A
12．A.stps B．appears
C．starts D．cntinues
【解析】 考查动词辨析。句意：于是，一个人能够对这个城镇继续往什么方向发展有了更多的了解。了解过去是为了展望未来，故D项正确。
【答案】 D
13．A.pint B．view
C．prblem D．difficulty
【解析】 考查名词辨析。上文讲述了了解城镇的方式，再由下文中的“ne gets a greater depth f pleasure by visiting and seeing a twn with ne's wn eyes”可知，我们这么做的意义，故选A项，构成what is the pint f ding sth.结构，意为“做某事有何意义”。
【答案】 A
14．A.simply B．nearly
C．generally D．hardly
【解析】 考查副词辨析。句意：对于我来讲，亲眼看一看城镇仅会让一个人获得更多的快乐。simply意为“仅仅，只不过”，符合文意。
【答案】 A
15．A.magazine B．guide­bk
C．newspaper D．fictin
【解析】 考查名词辨析。句意：亲自去城里转一转会帮助你更好地了解为什么它如此吸引人，比只读旅行指南要好得多。故B项正确。
【答案】 B
Ⅱ.语法填空
He is the man wh fr many peple has been a rle mdel.Nw yur biggest her deserves a special day when yu can express yur thanks and let him knw 1.________ imprtant he is t yu.
The third Sunday f June—which 2.________(fall) n June 19 this year—is Father's Day.
The idea f Father's Day came frm 3.________American wman called Snra Smart Ddd in 1909.Ddd wanted a special day 4.________(hnr)her father.He raised six children by 5.________after his wife died.Ddd thught there needed t be a day t hnr lving dads.
The first Father's Day 6.________(celebrate) n June 19,1910.In 1924，US President Calvin Clidge supprted the idea f a 7.________(natin) Father's Day.Finally，in 1966，President Lyndn Jhnsn declared the third Sunday f June 8.________Father's Day.
Here are sme ways t shw yur lve and respect：
*Send him a greeting card.Fathers prefer cards 9.________ are nt t emtinal.S chse ne that will make him laugh.
*If he has a cmputer，cver his desktp 10.________wrds like “I lve yu Dad”．
*A small present，such as a framed pht f yur family，can make him feel like a king.
【答案】 1.hw 考连接词的用法。宾语从句的感叹句用hw修饰形容词imprtant。
2．falls 考动词时态的用法。日历固定的节假日用一般现在时。
3．an 考冠词的用法。泛指美国一位妇女，用不定冠词。
4．t hnr 考非谓语动词的用法。用动词不定式作定语，修饰a special day。
5．himself 考代词的用法。表“独自，单独”用by neself。
6．was celebrated 考谓语动词的用法。父亲节是被庆祝的，故用被动语态。
7．natinal 考构词法。国庆节要用形容词形式。
8．as 考介词的用法。as在这里表示“作为”。
9．that/which 考连接词的用法。引导定语从句，that或which在从句中作主语。
10．with 考介词的用法。“用……覆盖”。
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
(2012·广东五校联考)Traffic jam and cities，it seems，g hand in hand.Everyne cmplains abut being stuck in traffic; but，like the weather，n ne seems t d anything abut it.In particular，traffic engineers，transprtatin planners，and public fficials respnsible fr transprtatin systems in large cities are frequently criticized fr failing t slve traffic jam.
But is traffic jam a sign f failure? Lng queues at restaurants r theater bx ffices are seen as signs f success.Shuld transprtatin systems be viewed any differently? I think we shuld recgnize that traffic jam is an unpreventable by­prduct f successful cities，and view the “traffic prblem” in a different light.
Cities exist because they prmte scial interactins and ecnmic transactins.
Traffic jam ccurs where there are lts f peple but limited spaces.Culturally and ecnmically successful cities have the wrst traffic prblems，while decaying cities dn't have much traffic.New Yrk and Ls Angeles are America's mst crwded cities.But if yu want access t majr brkerage huses (经纪行)，yu will find them easier t reach in crwded New Yrk than in any ther large cities.And if yur firm needs access t pst­prductin film editrs r satellite­guidance engineers，yu will reach them mre quickly thrugh the crwded freeways f LA than thrugh less crwded rads elsewhere.
Despite traffic jam，a larger number and wider variety f scial interactins and ecnmic transactins can be made perfect in large，crwded cities than elsewhere.Seen in this light，traffic jam is an unfrtunate cnsequence f prsperity，nt a cause f ecnmic decline and urban decay.
S while we can cnsider traffic jam as increasing csts n the areas f big cities，the csts f inaccessibility (交通不便) in uncrwded places are almst certainly greater.
There is n dubt that traffic jam brings the terrible ecnmic and envirnmental damage in places like Bangkk，Jakarta，and Lags.But mbility is far higher and traffic jam levels are far lwer here in the US，even in ur mst crwded cities.That's why，fr nw，we dn't see peple and capital streaming ut f San Francisc and Chicag，heading fr cities like Califrnia，and Illinis.
【语篇解读】 文章讲述交通堵塞是经济繁荣的大城市常常出现的问题。然而，交通堵塞绝不是经济或者城市衰退的原因。
1．We can cnclude frm the first paragraph that________.
A．traffic jam and weather are the tw factrs preventing the develpment f the big city
B．traffic jam seems t be very difficult t deal with
C．if traffic engineers try their best，traffic jam can be slved
D．public fficials are always criticized fr misusing their pwer
【解析】 推理判断题。由第一段第一句可知城市和交通堵塞是相伴而生的。
【答案】 B
2．Accrding t the passage，what's the authr's pinin twards traffic jam?
A．In cities，traffic jam is unavidable.
B．Traffic jam is bth a sign f failure and a sign f success.
C．Traffic jam is the cnsequence f successful cities.
D．Fr a successful city，traffic jam is nt unpreventable.
【解析】 作者观点题。从第二段第四个句子可知作者的明确观点。交通堵塞本身就是发达城市发展中不可预测的副产品。
【答案】 C
3．By saying “decaying” (in Para.4)，the writer prbably means ________.
A．declining B．develping
C．rich and successful D．strng and healthy
【解析】 词义猜测题。由上文对比可知，成功的城市存在最糟糕的交通问题，相反的情况是衰退的城市没有太多交通堵塞。
【答案】 A
4．Accrding t this article，which statement abut “New Yrk” and “Ls Angeles” is true?
A．The traffic jam in the tw cities has been wrsened.
B．New Yrk and Ls Angeles are the mst successful cities in the USA.
C．It is easier t reach majr brkerage huses in the tw cities than in ther cities.
D．Despite the traffic jam in LA，yu'll find a satellite­guidance engineer mre quickly there.
【解析】 推理判断题。由第四段可知。
【答案】 D
5．What can we learn frm the last paragraph?
A．Califrnia is as crwded and successful as San Francisc.
B．The traffic jam in San Francisc has resulted in the capital becming empty.
C．The traffic jam level in Jakarta is lwer than that in the US.
D．Traffic jam has caused terrible bad effects in cities such as Bangkk and Lags.
【解析】 段落大意题。由最后一段第一个主题句可知。
【答案】 D
B
Bad mds can actually be gd fr yu，with an Australian study finding that being sad makes peple less gullible (轻信)，imprves their ability t judge thers and als bsts memry.
The study，authred by psychlgy prfessr Jseph Frgas at the University f New Suth Wales，shwed that peple in a negative md were mre critical f，and paid mre attentin t，their surrundings than happier peple，wh were mre likely t believe anything they were tld.
“Althugh psitive md seems t prmte creativity，flexibility，cperatin，and reliance n mental shrtcuts，negative mds trigger (引发) mre attentive，careful thinking，paying greater attentin t the external wrld，” Frgas wrte.
“Our research suggests that infrmatin prcessing strategies best suited t dealing with mre demanding situatins.”
Fr the study，Frgas and his team cnducted several experiments that started with inducing happy r sad mds in their subjects thrugh watching films and recalling psitive r negative events.
In ne f the experiments，happy and sad participants were asked t judge the truth f urban myths and rumrs and fund that peple in a negative md were less likely t believe these statements.
Peple in a bad md were als less likely t make snap decisins based n racial r religius prejudices，and they were less likely t make mistakes when asked t recall an event that they witnessed.
The study als fund that sad peple were better at stating their case thrugh written arguments，which Frgas said shwed that a “mildly negative md may actually prmte a mre cncrete，accmmdative and ultimately mre successful cmmunicatin style.”
“Psitive md is nt universally desirable: peple in negative md are less prne t judgmental errrs，are mre resistant t eyewitness distrtins (扭曲) and are better at prducing high­quality，effective persuasive messages，” Frgas wrte.
The study was published in the Nvember/December editin f the Australian Science jurnal.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍新的研究发现，情绪不好事实上对人有好处，使人不会轻易相信别人，且有助于提高判断能力和增强记忆。
6．The study suggests that when smene is in a bad md，he ________.
A．is particular abut everything
B．shws less cncern abut thers
C．is willing t believe what he hears
D．cares mre abut his surrundings
【解析】 细节理解题。难度中等。根据第二段中的“peple in a negative md were mre critical f，and paid mre attentin t，their surrundings than happier peple，wh were mre likely t believe anything”可知，D项正确。
【答案】 D
7．Which f the fllwing is cnnected with psitive md?
A．New ideas. B．Being stubbrn.
C．Being careful. D．Cncentratin.
【解析】 细节判断题。难度中等。根据第二段中的“happier peple，wh were mre likely t believe anything they were tld”可知，情绪好的人更容易相信别人的话，因此可知，应选A项。
【答案】 A
8．Hw did researcher put the subjects in gd r bad mds?
A．By watching sprts prgrams.
B．By listening t happy r sad stries.
C．By dealing with demanding situatins.
D．By thinking back n their past experience
【解析】 细节理解题。难度中等。根据第五段中的“thrugh watching films and recalling psitive r negative events.”可知，D项正确。
【答案】 D
9．Which f the fllwing statements is TRUE accrding t the text?
A．Psitive md cntributes t better judgement.
B．Sad peple remembered what they saw precisely.
C．Cheerful peple were less likely t believe rumrs.
D．Peple in bad md tend t make quick decisins.
【解析】 细节判断题。难度中等。根据第一段中的“being sad makes peple less gullible，imprves their ability t judge thers...”可知，A项错误；根据倒数第四段中的“and they were less likely t make mistakes when asked t recall an event that they witnessed”可知B项正确；根据第六段中的“peple in a negative md were less likely t believe these statements”可知，C项错误；根据第七段可知，D项错误。故选B。
【答案】 B
10．The authr intends t cnvice us that ________.
A．Jseph Frgas made a great discvery
B．bad mds can actually be gd fr us
C．we shuld think psitively and negatively
D．the Australian study is f practical value
【解析】 目的意图题。难度中等。本文第一段为中心段，文章其余部分通过对情绪好的人和情绪不好的人做不同的实验，目的就是证明第一段第一句话“Bad mds can actually be gd fr yu”，故作者的写作意图就是使读者相信“情绪不好事实上对你有好处”，故选B项。
【答案】 B
11．用30词左右概括文章大意
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
【答案】 A study finds that bad mds can actually be gd fr yu and being sad makes yu less gullible，imprves yur ability t judge thers and als bsts memry.