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Unit 4 教学·知识细解码 同步讲解 【新教材】外研版（2019）选择性必修第二册
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这是一份Unit 4 教学·知识细解码 同步讲解 【新教材】外研版（2019）选择性必修第二册，共23页。
1．assist v．帮助，协助→assistance n．帮助；协助→assistant n．助手；助理
2．special adj.特殊的；特别的→specialist n．专家
3．infect v．感染→infectin n．感染，传染→infectius adj.传染性的→disinfect vt.给……杀菌；为……消毒
4．devte vt.献身于→devtin n．奉献→devted adj.献身的；热爱的
5．twin adj.双胞胎的→twins n．双胞胎
devtin n．挚爱；关爱；关照；奉献；忠诚；专心；热心
①His devtin t his wife and family is tuching.挚爱，关爱
②Her devtin t the jb left her with very little free time.
忠诚；专心
③As a sldier，he shwed selfless devtin t duty.奉献
Wrds and Phrases
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点1) assist vt.& vi.帮助，协助
(教材P38) It assists peple based n need, regardless f which cuntry they are frm.
它根据需要帮助人们，不管他们来自哪个国家。
[例1] We'll d all we can t assist yu.
我们要尽量帮助你。
[例2] Anyne willing t assist can cntact this number.
凡愿协助者可拨此号码联系。
[造句] 我们正寻找愿意协助该团体工作的人。
We are lking fr peple wh wuld be willing t assist in the grup's wrk.
[知识拓展]
(1)assist(sb.)in(ding) sth.帮助(某人)(做)某事
assist sb.with sth. 帮助某人做某事
assist sb.t d sth. 帮助某人做某事
(2)assistant adj. 副的；助理的
n. 助手；店员
assistance n. 帮助，援助
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Tw men are assisting the plice in/with their enquiries.
②We will assist yu in finding(find) smewhere t live.
③Bill assisted his friend Mike t establish(establish) a new cmpany.
④China will cntinue t increase its assistance(assist) t Africa in bth quantity and quality.
[小片段填空]
The shp assistant rushed ut f the shp t assist the ld lady with her luggage.With his assistance, the ld lady crssed the rad.(assist)
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点2) vital adj.极其重要的，必不可少的
(教材P38) But it is vital nt t take any chances.
但重要的是不要冒险。
[例1] Gd financial accunts are vital t the success f any enterprise.
妥善的财务账目对任何公司的成功都是极其重要的。
[例2] The plice play a vital rle in ur sciety.
警察在我们的社会中起着极其重要的作用。
[造句] 现在，我们接着往下讨论今天的重要事宜。
Nw we mve n and discuss the vital business f the day.
[知识拓展]
be vital t/fr 对……极其重要；必不可少
It is vital that... ……极其重要(that从句中谓语用
shuld d形式)
f vital imprtance 至关重要
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The quick recgnitin f disease is vital fr effective treatment.
②It is vital that we shuld be kept(keep) infrmed f all develpments.
③It is withut dubt that the develpment f science and technlgy is f vital imprtance(imprtant) t human advancement.
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点3) at risk处在危险中
(教材P38) I knew I was putting my life at risk...
我知道我在冒生命危险……
[例1] The crisis culd well place the relatinship at risk.
这场危机可能会使这一关系有破裂的危险。
[例2] If they have the virus they are putting patients at risk.
如果他们有这种病毒，就会将病人置于危险境地。
[造句] 当一种新型流感感染了一个人，那么所有人都有危险。
When a new flu infects ne human being, all are at risk.
[知识拓展]
(1)risk ding... 冒险做……
risk ne's health/life 以健康做赌注/冒着生命危险
(2)at the risk f(ding)...
可能导致(不快等)，冒(做)……的危险
at all risks 无论如何
run/take a risk/risks 冒险
run/take the risk f(ding)...冒(做)……的危险
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Which team is mre willing t take risks(risk)?
②He gt wellprepared fr the jb interview, fr he culdn't risk lsing(lse) such a gd chance.
③He was determined t d it even at the risk f being laughed (laugh) at.
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点4) (教材P38)My missin was t relieve Emma, a Canadian specialist in infectius diseases at the end f her psting.
我的任务是在加拿大传染病专家艾玛任职结束后接替她。
(1)specialist n．专家，专业工作者
[例1] Peckham, himself a cancer specialist, is well aware f the wide variatins in medical practice.
佩卡姆本人就是个癌症专家，非常清楚医疗实践中的广泛差异。
[例2] We had better call in a specialist at this critical mment.
在这个关键时刻我们最好请一位专家来。
[造句] 农民们把他看作专家。
The peasants lked upn him as a specialist.
[知识拓展]
special adj. 特殊的，专门的
specialize vi. 专攻，专门从事
specialize in... 专攻……
specializatin 专业化
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We specialize in creating beautiful, delicius, and truly unique cakes.
②I think we've entered an age f specializatin(special)．
(2)infectius adj.传染性的
[例1] These viruses affect children and are highly infectius.
这些病毒会侵袭儿童，而且具有很强的传染性。
[例2] Infectius diseases are spreading amng many f the fld victims.
传染病正在遭受洪灾的很多灾民中蔓延。
[造句] 苍蝇和蚊子是传染病的传播者。
Flies and msquites are carriers f infectius diseases.
[知识拓展]
infect vt. 传染；使感染
disinfect vt. 为……消毒；给……杀菌
infectin n. 传染；感染
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①When I needed disinfect(infect) the nursing bttles, I wuld cme here t use the micrwave ven.
②Ear infectins(infect) are cmmn in preschl children.
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点5) in ne's 50s 在某人五十多岁时
(教材P38) Alfns, a sftspken Argentinian dctr in his 50s, wh had previusly wrked n Ebla utbreaks in Sierra Lene and Guinea.
阿方索是一位50多岁说话温和的阿根廷医生，此前曾在塞拉利昂和几内亚研究埃博拉疫情的爆发。
[例1] He died when he was in his 50s, much lder than sme f the early teenage dancers.
他是50多岁去世的，比那些青少年时就去世的舞蹈演员年纪大多了。
[例2] The speaker was in his 50s.He was in a blue lng gwn which was faded t pale.
那说话人50来岁，一件青布长袍早洗得褪成了蓝灰色。
[造句] 不久前，我和50多岁的叔叔在伦敦喝咖啡。
I was recently in Lndn sharing a cffee with my uncle, wh's in his 50s.
[知识拓展]
in ne's twenties/thirties 在某人二十/三十多岁时
in the 1930s 在二十世纪三十年代
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①When he mved t Germany in the 1930s, he was already in his sixties(sixty)．
②When Jhn began t restre the huse in the 1960s, nthing had been tuched fr 40 years.
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点6) nt t mentin更不必说
(教材P39) It is s inspiring t have clleagues like Wiltn, Maisy and Alfns, nt t mentin all the thers I have wrked with.
有哈桑、梅西、阿方索这样的同事，更不用说和我共事过的其他人了，真是太令人鼓舞了。
[例1] We can't affrd a car, nt t mentin the fact that we have n garage.
我们买不起汽车，没有车库的事就更不必说了。
[例2] The audience，nt t mentin the bewildered cast，were nt amused.
观众们并没有觉得好笑，更不用说那一头雾水的演员了。
[造句] 潮湿就令人不舒服，更不必说寒冷了。
The dampness is uncmfrtable，nt t mentin the cld.
[知识拓展]
mentin v．&n. 提到；涉及
mentin sth.t sb. 向某人提及某事
mentin ding sth. 提及做某事
dn't mentin it 不用谢；别客气
make (n) mentin f (没)提及
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Nbdy mentined anything t me abut it.
②The statement made n mentin f gvernment casualties.
③He didn't mentin taking(take) sleeping pills regularly.
Sentence Patterns
eq \a\vs4\al(重点句式1) 不定式作表语
(教材P38) My missin was t relieve Emma, a Canadian specialist in infectius diseases at the end f her psting.
我的任务是在加拿大传染病专家艾玛任职结束后接替她。
句式分析：本句中t relieve Emma是不定式短语，在句中作表语。
[例1] T him，the first imprtant thing was t save lives.对他来说，最重要的事情就是拯救生命。
[例2] His wish is t becme a scientist.
他的愿望是当一名科学家。
[造句] 我们想从实践中学习。
What we want is t learn frm practice.
[知识拓展]
(1)在用不定式作表语的句子中，系动词除be外，还有seem，happen，appear，get，pretend等。
(2)句中如果主语部分有实义动词d的各种形式，作表语的不定式实际上是d的引申，即表示d所做的内容，这时不定式可省略t。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The nly thing I can d nw is (t) g(g) n by myself.
②He appears t have caught(catch) cld.
eq \a\vs4\al(重点句式2) It is the first/secnd time＋从句
(教材P40) It is nt the first time the authr has wrked with MSF.
这不是作者第一次与无国界医生合作。
句式分析：本句中it is the first time后面跟从句，从句谓语用现在完成时；如果前面换为was，从句谓语用过去完成时。
[例1] It is the first time that I have the curage t write smething in English in my blg.
这是我第一次有勇气在博客上用英文写点东西。
[例2] It is the first time that I have ever seen a man s yung and s wise.
我是第一次看到这么年轻而又聪明的人。
[造句] 这是她一生中第一次住在城市里。
It is the first time that she has ever lived in a city in her entire life.
[知识拓展]
(1)it's time t d sth.是做某事的时候了。
(2)it's (high) time that...是做某事的时候了(从句谓语用shuld d或一般过去式)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Yu have nw finished yur first sprint, s it's time t start(start) n the next ne.
②It's time that we shuld take/tk(take) actin and d ur bits fr the AIDS patients.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He called and called but n ne came t his assistance(assist)．
2．Yur ffer is tempting, but I can't risk lsing(lse) my jb t d it.
3．He des nt seem t be an ld man in his eighties(eighty), cnsidering his appearance.
4．He is devted t educating(educate) the yunger generatin, and cntent t be, s t speak, a rung f the human ladder.
5．Our first task was t create(create) a new administrative system.
6．This is the first time that I have felt(feel) really relaxed fr mnths.
7．Did she make any mentin f having seen(see) me?
8．Peple catch all kinds f infectins(infectin) in winter.
9．In the university yu can specialize in the humanities r the natural sciences.
10．As a parent, it is vital that yu shuld teach(teach) yur child the value f mney.
Ⅱ.短语填空
at risk；nt t mentin；in his 50s；；devtin t
1．These tls can then assist yu with prblem reslutin.
2．Their lack f training culd put members f the public at risk．
3．When Marx was already in his 50s, he fund it imprtant t study the situatin in Russia.
4．Nevertheless, he shwed great affectin and devtin t his master.
5．He has tw big huses in this cuntry，nt t mentin his villa in France.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
When I saw the tragic scenes n the news, I felt it was my duty 1.t g(g) there and ffer my help.I knew I was putting my life at risk.There are n brders fr dctrs, patients and anyne 2.invlved(invlve) in cmbating Ebla.
My missin was t relieve Emma, 3.wh talked me thrugh the daily rutine and intrduced my 4.clleagues(clleague)．I was the nly Chinese dctr amng them.I felt a grwing sense f 5.pride(prud), wrking with persns I met.Althugh the 6.death(die) rate is high, we never gave up n a patient.When a family f six were sent t the clinic, we knew there was little hpe fr the brthers, but we did everything we culd 7.t save(save) them.We were 8.amazed(amaze) t see bth bys were still alive.This unexpected success cmpensated fr many ther less 9.frtunate(frtune) cases.
The tireless wrk will g n.It is 10.abslutely(abslute) essential fr us t cllabrate t create a glbal cmmunity with a shared future f peace and prsperity.
教材
高考
1.But it is vital nt t take any chances.
(2019·天津卷)Understanding histry is vital t understanding urselves as a peple and as a natin.
2.I knew I was putting my life at risk...
(2018·江苏卷) The reprt fund that yungsters felt their friendships culd be at risk if they did nt respnd t scial media psts quickly, and arund the clck.
3.It assists peple based n need, regardless f which cuntry they are frm.
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ) He assists her in cking matters.
1．assist v．帮助，协助→assistance n．帮助；协助→assistant n．助手；助理
2．special adj.特殊的；特别的→specialist n．专家
3．infect v．感染→infectin n．感染，传染→infectius adj.传染性的→disinfect vt.给……杀菌；为……消毒
4．devte vt.献身于→devtin n．奉献→devted adj.献身的；热爱的
5．twin adj.双胞胎的→twins n．双胞胎
devtin n．挚爱；关爱；关照；奉献；忠诚；专心；热心
①His devtin t his wife and family is tuching.挚爱，关爱
②Her devtin t the jb left her with very little free time.
忠诚；专心
③As a sldier，he shwed selfless devtin t duty.奉献
Wrds and Phrases
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点1) assist vt.& vi.帮助，协助
(教材P38) It assists peple based n need, regardless f which cuntry they are frm.
它根据需要帮助人们，不管他们来自哪个国家。
[例1] We'll d all we can t assist yu.
我们要尽量帮助你。
[例2] Anyne willing t assist can cntact this number.
凡愿协助者可拨此号码联系。
[造句] 我们正寻找愿意协助该团体工作的人。
We are lking fr peple wh wuld be willing t assist in the grup's wrk.
[知识拓展]
(1)assist(sb.)in(ding) sth.帮助(某人)(做)某事
assist sb.with sth. 帮助某人做某事
assist sb.t d sth. 帮助某人做某事
(2)assistant adj. 副的；助理的
n. 助手；店员
assistance n. 帮助，援助
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Tw men are assisting the plice in/with their enquiries.
②We will assist yu in finding(find) smewhere t live.
③Bill assisted his friend Mike t establish(establish) a new cmpany.
④China will cntinue t increase its assistance(assist) t Africa in bth quantity and quality.
[小片段填空]
The shp assistant rushed ut f the shp t assist the ld lady with her luggage.With his assistance, the ld lady crssed the rad.(assist)
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点2) vital adj.极其重要的，必不可少的
(教材P38) But it is vital nt t take any chances.
但重要的是不要冒险。
[例1] Gd financial accunts are vital t the success f any enterprise.
妥善的财务账目对任何公司的成功都是极其重要的。
[例2] The plice play a vital rle in ur sciety.
警察在我们的社会中起着极其重要的作用。
[造句] 现在，我们接着往下讨论今天的重要事宜。
Nw we mve n and discuss the vital business f the day.
[知识拓展]
be vital t/fr 对……极其重要；必不可少
It is vital that... ……极其重要(that从句中谓语用
shuld d形式)
f vital imprtance 至关重要
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The quick recgnitin f disease is vital fr effective treatment.
②It is vital that we shuld be kept(keep) infrmed f all develpments.
③It is withut dubt that the develpment f science and technlgy is f vital imprtance(imprtant) t human advancement.
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点3) at risk处在危险中
(教材P38) I knew I was putting my life at risk...
我知道我在冒生命危险……
[例1] The crisis culd well place the relatinship at risk.
这场危机可能会使这一关系有破裂的危险。
[例2] If they have the virus they are putting patients at risk.
如果他们有这种病毒，就会将病人置于危险境地。
[造句] 当一种新型流感感染了一个人，那么所有人都有危险。
When a new flu infects ne human being, all are at risk.
[知识拓展]
(1)risk ding... 冒险做……
risk ne's health/life 以健康做赌注/冒着生命危险
(2)at the risk f(ding)...
可能导致(不快等)，冒(做)……的危险
at all risks 无论如何
run/take a risk/risks 冒险
run/take the risk f(ding)...冒(做)……的危险
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Which team is mre willing t take risks(risk)?
②He gt wellprepared fr the jb interview, fr he culdn't risk lsing(lse) such a gd chance.
③He was determined t d it even at the risk f being laughed (laugh) at.
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点4) (教材P38)My missin was t relieve Emma, a Canadian specialist in infectius diseases at the end f her psting.
我的任务是在加拿大传染病专家艾玛任职结束后接替她。
(1)specialist n．专家，专业工作者
[例1] Peckham, himself a cancer specialist, is well aware f the wide variatins in medical practice.
佩卡姆本人就是个癌症专家，非常清楚医疗实践中的广泛差异。
[例2] We had better call in a specialist at this critical mment.
在这个关键时刻我们最好请一位专家来。
[造句] 农民们把他看作专家。
The peasants lked upn him as a specialist.
[知识拓展]
special adj. 特殊的，专门的
specialize vi. 专攻，专门从事
specialize in... 专攻……
specializatin 专业化
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We specialize in creating beautiful, delicius, and truly unique cakes.
②I think we've entered an age f specializatin(special)．
(2)infectius adj.传染性的
[例1] These viruses affect children and are highly infectius.
这些病毒会侵袭儿童，而且具有很强的传染性。
[例2] Infectius diseases are spreading amng many f the fld victims.
传染病正在遭受洪灾的很多灾民中蔓延。
[造句] 苍蝇和蚊子是传染病的传播者。
Flies and msquites are carriers f infectius diseases.
[知识拓展]
infect vt. 传染；使感染
disinfect vt. 为……消毒；给……杀菌
infectin n. 传染；感染
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①When I needed disinfect(infect) the nursing bttles, I wuld cme here t use the micrwave ven.
②Ear infectins(infect) are cmmn in preschl children.
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点5) in ne's 50s 在某人五十多岁时
(教材P38) Alfns, a sftspken Argentinian dctr in his 50s, wh had previusly wrked n Ebla utbreaks in Sierra Lene and Guinea.
阿方索是一位50多岁说话温和的阿根廷医生，此前曾在塞拉利昂和几内亚研究埃博拉疫情的爆发。
[例1] He died when he was in his 50s, much lder than sme f the early teenage dancers.
他是50多岁去世的，比那些青少年时就去世的舞蹈演员年纪大多了。
[例2] The speaker was in his 50s.He was in a blue lng gwn which was faded t pale.
那说话人50来岁，一件青布长袍早洗得褪成了蓝灰色。
[造句] 不久前，我和50多岁的叔叔在伦敦喝咖啡。
I was recently in Lndn sharing a cffee with my uncle, wh's in his 50s.
[知识拓展]
in ne's twenties/thirties 在某人二十/三十多岁时
in the 1930s 在二十世纪三十年代
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①When he mved t Germany in the 1930s, he was already in his sixties(sixty)．
②When Jhn began t restre the huse in the 1960s, nthing had been tuched fr 40 years.
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点6) nt t mentin更不必说
(教材P39) It is s inspiring t have clleagues like Wiltn, Maisy and Alfns, nt t mentin all the thers I have wrked with.
有哈桑、梅西、阿方索这样的同事，更不用说和我共事过的其他人了，真是太令人鼓舞了。
[例1] We can't affrd a car, nt t mentin the fact that we have n garage.
我们买不起汽车，没有车库的事就更不必说了。
[例2] The audience，nt t mentin the bewildered cast，were nt amused.
观众们并没有觉得好笑，更不用说那一头雾水的演员了。
[造句] 潮湿就令人不舒服，更不必说寒冷了。
The dampness is uncmfrtable，nt t mentin the cld.
[知识拓展]
mentin v．&n. 提到；涉及
mentin sth.t sb. 向某人提及某事
mentin ding sth. 提及做某事
dn't mentin it 不用谢；别客气
make (n) mentin f (没)提及
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Nbdy mentined anything t me abut it.
②The statement made n mentin f gvernment casualties.
③He didn't mentin taking(take) sleeping pills regularly.
Sentence Patterns
eq \a\vs4\al(重点句式1) 不定式作表语
(教材P38) My missin was t relieve Emma, a Canadian specialist in infectius diseases at the end f her psting.
我的任务是在加拿大传染病专家艾玛任职结束后接替她。
句式分析：本句中t relieve Emma是不定式短语，在句中作表语。
[例1] T him，the first imprtant thing was t save lives.对他来说，最重要的事情就是拯救生命。
[例2] His wish is t becme a scientist.
他的愿望是当一名科学家。
[造句] 我们想从实践中学习。
What we want is t learn frm practice.
[知识拓展]
(1)在用不定式作表语的句子中，系动词除be外，还有seem，happen，appear，get，pretend等。
(2)句中如果主语部分有实义动词d的各种形式，作表语的不定式实际上是d的引申，即表示d所做的内容，这时不定式可省略t。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The nly thing I can d nw is (t) g(g) n by myself.
②He appears t have caught(catch) cld.
eq \a\vs4\al(重点句式2) It is the first/secnd time＋从句
(教材P40) It is nt the first time the authr has wrked with MSF.
这不是作者第一次与无国界医生合作。
句式分析：本句中it is the first time后面跟从句，从句谓语用现在完成时；如果前面换为was，从句谓语用过去完成时。
[例1] It is the first time that I have the curage t write smething in English in my blg.
这是我第一次有勇气在博客上用英文写点东西。
[例2] It is the first time that I have ever seen a man s yung and s wise.
我是第一次看到这么年轻而又聪明的人。
[造句] 这是她一生中第一次住在城市里。
It is the first time that she has ever lived in a city in her entire life.
[知识拓展]
(1)it's time t d sth.是做某事的时候了。
(2)it's (high) time that...是做某事的时候了(从句谓语用shuld d或一般过去式)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Yu have nw finished yur first sprint, s it's time t start(start) n the next ne.
②It's time that we shuld take/tk(take) actin and d ur bits fr the AIDS patients.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He called and called but n ne came t his assistance(assist)．
2．Yur ffer is tempting, but I can't risk lsing(lse) my jb t d it.
3．He des nt seem t be an ld man in his eighties(eighty), cnsidering his appearance.
4．He is devted t educating(educate) the yunger generatin, and cntent t be, s t speak, a rung f the human ladder.
5．Our first task was t create(create) a new administrative system.
6．This is the first time that I have felt(feel) really relaxed fr mnths.
7．Did she make any mentin f having seen(see) me?
8．Peple catch all kinds f infectins(infectin) in winter.
9．In the university yu can specialize in the humanities r the natural sciences.
10．As a parent, it is vital that yu shuld teach(teach) yur child the value f mney.
Ⅱ.短语填空
at risk；nt t mentin；in his 50s；；devtin t
1．These tls can then assist yu with prblem reslutin.
2．Their lack f training culd put members f the public at risk．
3．When Marx was already in his 50s, he fund it imprtant t study the situatin in Russia.
4．Nevertheless, he shwed great affectin and devtin t his master.
5．He has tw big huses in this cuntry，nt t mentin his villa in France.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
When I saw the tragic scenes n the news, I felt it was my duty 1.t g(g) there and ffer my help.I knew I was putting my life at risk.There are n brders fr dctrs, patients and anyne 2.invlved(invlve) in cmbating Ebla.
My missin was t relieve Emma, 3.wh talked me thrugh the daily rutine and intrduced my 4.clleagues(clleague)．I was the nly Chinese dctr amng them.I felt a grwing sense f 5.pride(prud), wrking with persns I met.Althugh the 6.death(die) rate is high, we never gave up n a patient.When a family f six were sent t the clinic, we knew there was little hpe fr the brthers, but we did everything we culd 7.t save(save) them.We were 8.amazed(amaze) t see bth bys were still alive.This unexpected success cmpensated fr many ther less 9.frtunate(frtune) cases.
The tireless wrk will g n.It is 10.abslutely(abslute) essential fr us t cllabrate t create a glbal cmmunity with a shared future f peace and prsperity.
教材
高考
1.But it is vital nt t take any chances.
(2019·天津卷)Understanding histry is vital t understanding urselves as a peple and as a natin.
2.I knew I was putting my life at risk...
(2018·江苏卷) The reprt fund that yungsters felt their friendships culd be at risk if they did nt respnd t scial media psts quickly, and arund the clck.
3.It assists peple based n need, regardless f which cuntry they are frm.
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ) He assists her in cking matters.
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