中考英语--“七选五”解题策略课件(共59张PPT)

这是一份中考英语--“七选五”解题策略课件(共59张PPT)，共59页。PPT课件主要包含了中考真题再现，历年试题特点分析等内容，欢迎下载使用。
云南省考试指导丛书对阅读的要求与课标对阅读的要求一致（英语课程标准P17）
1. 能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义； 2. 能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系； 3. 能找出文章中的主题，理解故事情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局； 4. 能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料； 5. 能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息； 6. 能利用词典等工具书进行阅读； 7. 除教材外，课外阅读量应达到15万词以上。
主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。
七选五-还原型阅读理解
教材上也有还原型阅读理解的原形考法。 如p45八年级上册Unit 6 I'm ging t study cmputer science. Sectin B 2b的文章 ：
文体：以说明文为主，记叙文为辅话题：以咨询建议、说明介绍、教育引导为主命题形式：关键词复现、句间逻辑、句段关系为主
•2.我对单词的意思和用法都理解，但是写出来 的句子总是怪怪的，不够地道。
一. 底层逻辑：英汉思维的不同
•1.我认识每一个英语单词，但是在标准化的考 试中的阅读理解为什么读不懂。
你有这些疑惑吗？
“七选五”在中考英语中稍难，要拿满分更是不容易，毕竟这是牵一发而动全身的题型。“七选五”阅读题主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握，要求考生根据文章结构和内容从短文或对话后的七个选项中（均为完整的句子或标题）选出五个能填入文章空白处的最佳选项。也就是说，必须明白英文篇章的结构特点和上下文逻辑衔接的特点，才能高效答题。
“七选五”选项大致可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。通过抓住重复词、关键词和线索词或是根据段落主题句、意思的顺延以及掌握基本的过渡性结构、阐述性结构和概括性结构等基本上就能锁定答案。“七选五”题型空白处通常设置在文章的标题、段首、段中和段尾四个位置。分别考查考生对信息的概述、承转和总结的理解和掌握。
英语思维：链条式环环相扣
•新旧信息接力交替•从已知信息推进新的信息•特点：对称，平行•启示：英语阅读中关注关键词的对称和结构的平行 有助于正答率的提高。
英语思维模式下的中考七选五题型分析
七选五可以称之为阅读填空（或还原句子题）154词（19年中考），设空五个，给出5个句子，补全文章，设空在段首，段中或段末。考查学 生语篇补全能力。
Many f yu are fnd f Peppa is als ppular.
She has a brther called Gerge
指代一致：she, he
逻辑一致：be fnd f, als ppular
关注指代，理清逻辑；思维引领，交接替换。
关注指代，理清逻辑；思维引领，瞻前顾后
关注指代，理清逻辑；思维引领，瞻前顾后。
48题问题设在段尾 ，所选答案用以引出下一段内容
第50空设在段首，一般是概括主旨。
解题策略：关注指代 理清逻辑 思维引领 交接替换 （瞻前顾后）
选标题、选段首句、选段中句、选段尾句。技巧：勾画原文，找到问题的出处，在原文中标出出处，快速捕捉预测的信息。策略：1、先看选项。通过句子的完整性或者句子后面的标点符号来判断该句在文章中的位置。 2、区分相似项：七选五备选答案中有两项是多余的 认真比对相似选项； 3、用代入法， 检查答案是否合理；用代入法 通读全文，是否通顺连贯，恰当贴切。
主题句 /主旨句/定义
支撑句 /过渡句/ 注释句/ 解释
答题方法：“七选五”五步走

通读全文，了解文章大意
通读答案，抓住其关键词语，看选项大致意思
根据文章总体结构与具体内容 关注空格前后的句子(句式一致)将选项填入文中
研究多余选项 确定排除理由 最终确定答案
Everyne cares abut his r her image (形象).What abut yu? 61 _____ Have yu ever dne fllwing little things t hurt yu？ Yu dn't let peple get ut f buses r elevatrs befre yu get in. It is nt gd t push yurself int the crwd wh's trying t get ut anyway. 62 ____ Yu dn't cver yur muth while cughing. Accrding t Live Science， ne cugh can release(释放) as much as 3，000 drplets f saliva(唾沫星子）63______ Cvering yur muth is nt a chice but an abslute must. 64_____ Yu think yur music taste is great? Perfect， g t study music， t becme a DJ，but please dn't push yur music taste nt ther peple.Yu are rude t waiters， Imagine wrking fr 12 hurs， always n yur feet， and then dealing with the mst rude custmers? Yeah， dn't be that persn wh thinks waiters have t deal with yur bad attitude. Cmmn sense is nt s cmmn. 65 _____.（说明文，讲礼貌 列举了有损你形象的坏行为）
第三节 (共5小题；每小题15分，满分75分) 根据短文内容，从短文后所给的选项中，选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项，并将所选答案涂到答题卡的相应位置上。
A. Yu listen t music withut head phnes.B. Sme little things can hurt yur image.C. Sme serius things may hurt yur image.D. And they can fly as fast as 50 miles per hur.E. Dn't mind yur behavir and d as yu like.F. Just stand aside， let peple ut， and then get in.G. Please watch yur behavir and be plite in public.
段尾句（整片文章要表达的思想）
1）运用上下文所重复的关键词推断；2）运用同义词和近义词的关系；3）利用词的上下义关系；4）利用反义词过渡词的关系。
文体：说明文为主，记叙文仅省卷2017年考查词数：130词-200词之间
2. 语篇类别分析（数据分析：云南、昆明近5年）
健康生活（1考）2017曲靖：如何安全玩水
分析云南省卷可知，命题点主要集中在关键词复现、句间逻辑、句段关系这三个方面。
三阶备考法突破备考瓶颈
搜寻关键词法理清句间逻辑关系法把握句段关系法
搜寻关键词法：词汇复现是为保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。主要是指同词复现、同畴词复现、近义词/反义词复现等。 搜寻的关键词可以从名词、动词、形容词、冠词、数词、疑问词、代词等词去入手。
Cars burn il. ______ Sme peple believe that t much CO2 is making the earth warmer than ever. S try t walk, ride a bike r take a bus. This can save sme il and prduce less CO2. A. This can cut the use f water. B. This will make a lt f CO2 int the air. C. There are many things yu can d t save the earth.
（2020云南62题）
Are pigs lazy? This may nt be true fr all the pigs.______ In Hustn, US, there are pigs races every year. Pigs have t run fast t win the races. A. Mst pigs are heavy sleepers. B. Sme pigs can be gd runners. C. Pigs are ne f the 10 smartest animals.
（2019 65题）
______ S turn ff the air cnditiner(空调)when yu dn't need t use it. Use lights that save enrgy. Use fewer things that cannt be used again. When yu buy smething, cnsider thse made frm things that can be used again first. A. Air pllutin is very serius. B. The biggest energy use at hme is fr keeping warm r cl. C. There are many things yu can d t save the earth.
（2020云南64题）
一阶 搜寻关键词法 同词复现、同畴词复现、近义词/反义词复现等。 从名词、动词、形容词、冠词、数词、疑问词、代词等词。
理清句间逻辑关系法： 句子间的逻辑关系主要有：并列递进关系、转折让步关系、因果关系、解释例证关系等。
并列递进关系 1. Jessica Wng pened a small shp where she sells her bags, and she has set up a website t sell them nline.[九全Unit 13 P102] 2. If yu have a gd team, yu shuld supprt each ther. Besides, winning r lsing is nly half the game. [九全Unit 11 P86] 转折/让步关系 1. One f the main reasns is that Mickey was like a cmmn man, but he always tried t face any danger. (八上Unit 5 P37) 2. Kids shuld have time t relax and think fr themselves, t. Althugh it’s nrmal t want successful children, it’s even mre imprtant t have happy children. (八下 Unit 4 P 30)
因果关系 1. It was sunny and ht，s we decided t g t the beach near ur htel.(八上Unit 1 P5) 2. Smetimes peple just frget abut their reslutins. Fr this reasn, sme peple say the best reslutin is t have n reslutins!（八上 Unit 6 P45） 解释/例证关系 1. Kids say “Trick r treat!” at every huse. This means that if yu dn't give them a treat, they'll play a trick n yu!（九全 Unit 2 P14） 2. Sme think that the lives f the perfrmers are made up. Fr example, sme peple say they are pr farmers, but in fact they are just actrs.（八下 Unit 2）
A lt f water is needed fr a shwer. S take shrter shwers. ________ A. This will make a lt f CO2 int the air. B. This can cut the use f water. C. Air pllutin is very serius.
（2020省卷65题）
and, als, besides, then, first, secnd, nt nly... but als..., in additin
In American histry, Benjamin Franklin was a scientist, inventr and writer as well as a leader f the American Revlutin. _______ A. Actins speak luder than wrds. B. He was als famus fr his prverbs. C. This mens that mney shuld nt be wasted.
Cars burn il. This will make a lt f CO2 int the air. Sme peple believe that t much CO2 is making the earth warmer than ever. ________This can save sme il and prduce less CO2. A. This can cut the use f water. B. S try t walk, ride a bike r take a bus. C. There are many things yu can d t save the earth.
（2020省卷63题）
because, because f, fr, since, as, s, thanks t, as a result, therefre, fr this reasn...
Mre and mre peple suppse that sme prducts we use make air dirty.______ That really helps make the air nt s dirty. A. Air pllutin is becming mre serius. B. S we can use electric cars that are friendly t the envirnment. C. This can make less bad smells.
Our earth is in truble. Our drinking water is becming dirtier, and the air is nt as clean as befre. Peple and factries are plluting the air, rivers, lakes and seas. Yu may think there is nthing yu can d t help. That's nt true. ________ A. Nbdy can play a rle in prtecting the earth. B. There are many things yu can d t save the earth. C. Air pllutin is very serius.
(2020省卷61题)
but, hwever, yet, thugh, althugh, even if...
In the USA, January 24th is Natinal Cmpliment(赞美)Day. _______ We all feel gd when we hear smething nice abut urselves. Nice wrds make us happy. A. Thank yu very much. B. On that day peple say smething nice t thers. C. D yu ever say anything gd t yur parents.
(2016省卷61题)
in ther wrds, that is t say, it means..., in fact, such as, fr example...
二阶 理清句间逻辑关系法： 并列递进关系、转折让步关系、因果关系、解释例证关系
把握句段关系法 根据挖空句所在的位置，我们可以分段首、段中和段尾。与段落之间的关系也会因所在位置有所不同，主要有以下关系：
______ Playing with chpsticks is seen as bad manners, just as making nise with frks and knives in a western cuntry wuld be rude. A. Peple shuld nt make nise with chpsticks. B. In Chinese, “chpsticks” read “kuaizi”, which means t have babies sn. C. Hw Chinese kids learn t use chpsticks.
(2020昆明63题)
We shuld learn hw t face failure r bad luck bravely and t try t deal with it. As we knw, “Life is a mirrr. ________ ” If yu are grateful t life, it will bring yu shining sunlight. If yu always cmplain abut everything, yu may wn nthing in the end. A. Fr example, being grateful is a way t cmmunicate with adults. B. When yu smile in frnt f it, it will als smile and s will it when yu t it. C. If each f us has an attitude f being grateful, we’ll lead a better and mre beautiful life.
Everyne cares abut his r her image(形象). What abut yu? Sme little things can hurt yur image. Have yu ever dne the fllwing things t hurt yurs? Yu dn't let peple get ut f the buses r elevatrs befre yu get in. ... Yu dn't cver yur muth while cughing. ... Yu listen t music withut headphne. ... Yu are rude t waiters. ... Cmmn sense is nt s cmmn. ________ A. Dn't mind yur behavir and d as yu like. B. Just stand aside, let peple ut, and then get in. C. Please watch yur behavir and be plite in public.
(2019省卷61题)
2. 理清句间逻辑法：并列递进关系 转折/让步关系 因果关系 解释例证关系
3. 把握句段关系法：段首——主题句 段中——过渡句、注释句 段尾——承上启下、总结句
1.搜寻关键词法：原词复现（名词、动词、形容词等） 同畴词复现 近义/反义词复现