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2021年山东省泰安市泰山区（五四制）中考一模英语试题（word版 含答案）
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这是一份2021年山东省泰安市泰山区（五四制）中考一模英语试题（word版 含答案），共23页。试卷主要包含了完型填空，阅读单选，补全短文5选5，根据首字母填空，根据中/英文提示填空，用单词的正确形式完成短文，多任务混合问题，材料作文等内容，欢迎下载使用。
一、完型填空
There was nce a farmer. He had a very big rabbit and a smart dg. One day, he rganized a（n） 1 between his dg and his rabbit. He made a hle in ne f his biggest fields and 2 a carrt and a bne（骨头）in it. He wanted t see which animal wuld find them first.
The rabbit was very 3 , and he was busy lking fr the carrt, digging here and there. He was cmpletely sure that he wuld find the carrt and the bne. But the dg wasn’t ptimistic（乐观的）at all. After he lked fr the bne fr a shrt time, he 4 n the grund sadly. And then he 5 t cmplain. He thught it was difficult fr him t find ne bne in such a big 6 .
The rabbit 7 fr hurs. With every new hle, the dg cmplained abut hw difficult this was，even fr the rabbit. The rabbit, n the ther hand, kept n wrking hard. 8 there was n place in the whle field left t dig，the rabbit dug a tunnel（隧道）t right under where the dg was lying all that time. There he fund the carrt and the bne.
And this is hw the dg lst the cmpetitin. 9 , he fund the right place at the very beginning. But he failed t find the bne because he 10 cmplained and didn’t try at all. When we d smething difficult in ur life, we shuld learn frm the rabbit.
1．A．meetingB．partyC．cmpetitin
2．A．fundB．hidC．discvered
3．A．excitedB．angryC．shy
4．A．ran arundB．fell asleepC．lay dwn
5．A．learnedB．beganC．lived
6．A．fieldB．hleC．huse
7．A．ranB．dugC．slept
8．A．BefreB．UnlessC．When
9．A．At firstB．At lastC．In fact
10．A．nlyB．neverC．seldm
二、阅读单选
I wuld never frget what I learned frm the day when I left my junir high schl. On the last day ur teacher tld us smething educatinal that I wuld like t share with yu.
He began by drawing a man standing in the middle f a circle. T make it mre interesting, he drew things like a huse, a schl and a few friends inside the circle.
He asked, “Can anyne tell me what this is?” In a lng silence, ne student decided t express his idea, “The wrld?” The teacher said, “That's clse. This is yur Cmfrt Zne（舒适圈）. Inside yur circle yu have all the things that are imprtant t yu-yur hme, yur family, yur friends and yur jbs. Peple feel that inside this circle they are safe frm any danger.”
“Can anyne tell me what will happen when yu step ut f this circle?” A strng silence came ver the rm. The same student replied, “Yu are afraid.” Anther student said. “Yu may make mistakes.” The silence cntinued and ur teacher smiled and asked, “When yu make mistakes, what can the result be?” The first student said. “Yu learn smething.”
“Exactly, yu are learning.” Our teacher turned t the blackbard and drew an arrw（箭头）pinting frm the man t the utside f the circle. He went n saying, “When yu leave yur Cmfrt Zne, yu put yurself ut there. The result is that yu learn smething that yu d nt knw t becme a better persn.” He drew a bigger circle arund the riginal（原来的） circle, and added a few new things like mre friends, a big huse, etc.
A lessn frm this stry is that if yu stay inside yur Cmfrt Zne yu will never be able t pen yur eyes t the utside wrld. When yu step ut f yur Cmfrt Zne, yu will make yur circle bigger t challenge yur mind and grw t be strnger, and all in all t be a better persn.
11．The stry happened n ________.
A．the first day f junir high schlB．the last day f junir high schl
C．the first day f senir high schlD．the last day f senir high schl
12．Which f the fllwing is NOT included in the Cmfrt Zne that the teacher drew n the blackbard first?
A．Friends.B．Huse.C．Cars.D．Schl.
13．When peple step ut f the Cmfrt Zne, they will ________ at last.
A．learn smethingB．feel a little afraid
C．begin t make mistakesD．miss their family and friends
14．The passage mainly tells us that ________.
A．families always get in the way f peple's grwth
B．arrws help peple make mre friends
C．silence in the class means students can think mre
D．stepping ut f Cmfrt Zne can make peple better
15．Which activity requires the students t bring their schl ID cards?
A．Making artB．Playing sprts
C．Playing gamesD．Getting a backpack.
16．T vlunteer at the Back-t-schl Celebratin, ne has t ________.
A．get sme trainingB．start wrk in early February
C．g t the Schl Hall fr registratinD．be a student f Bruce Vent High Schl
17．Hw many ways f cntacting the schl are prvided?
A．One.B．Tw.C．Three.D．Fur.
If English means endless new wrds, difficult grammar and smetimes strange prnunciatin, yu are wrng. Haven’t yu nticed that yu have becme smarter since yu started t learn a language?
Accrding t a new study by a British university, learning a secnd language can lead t an increase in yur brain pwer. Researchers fund that learning ther languages changes grey matter（脑灰质）. This is the area f the brain which prcesses infrmatin. It is similar t the way that exercise builds muscles.
The study als fund the effect is greater, the yunger peple learn a secnd language. A team led by Dr Andrea Michelle, frm University Cllege Lndn, tk a grup f Britns wh nly spke English. They were cmpared with a grup f “early bilinguals” wh had learned a secnd language befre the age f five, as well as a number f later learners.
Scans shwed that grey matter density（密度）in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in peple withut a secnd language. But the lnger a persn waited befre mastering a new language, the smaller the difference is.
“Our findings suggest that the structure f the brain is changed by the experience f learning a secnd language,” said the scientists. It means that the change itself increases the ability t learn.
Prfessr Dylan Vaughan Jnes f the University f Wales has researched the link between bilingualism and math skills. “Having tw languages gives yu tw windws n the wrld and makes the brain mre flexible（灵活的）,” he said, “Yu are actually ging beynd（超出） language and have a better understanding f different ideas."
The findings were matched in a study f native Italian speakers wh had learned English as a secnd language between the ages f tw and thirty-fur. Reading, writing and cmprehensin were all tested. The results shwed that the yunger they started t learn, the better. “Studying a language means yu get an entrance t anther wrld,” explained the scientists.
18．If peple learn ther languages, what will be changed?
A．white matterB．grey matterC．exerciseD．muscles
19．What des the underlined wrd “bilingual” prbably mean in Chinese?
A．双语学习者B．词汇学C．口语交际D．实用语法
20．Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing is NOT true?
A．Leaning ther languages can make yu becme smarter.
B．A secnd language can lead t an increase in yur brain pwer.
C．Learning ther languages can change grey matter which prcesses infrmatin.
D．Grey matter density in the brain was wrse in bilinguals than that in peple withut a secnd language.
21．In the last tw paragraphs, the writer wants t tell us that ________.
A．Italian is the best chice fr yu t learn as a secnd language
B．learning a secnd language is the same as studying math
C．early learning f a secnd language helps yu a lt in studying ther subjects
D．yu’d better chse the ages between tw and thirty-fur t learn a secnd language
Dgs have an amazing talent fr understand human scial behavir, and they can take actins upn human rders, but what if they are given instructins nt by real humans but by humanid rbts that behave like humans? Will dgs bey the rbt's rders?
At the Internatinal Cnference n Human Rbt Interactin2020. Researchers at Yale University’s Scial Rbtics Lab tested hw dgs respnded t instructins frm rbts. A grup f 34 dgs participated in the experiment, and each dg was tested with either a speaker r a human-like rbt in a rm. After a brief intrductin t the testing envirnment, the rbt r speaker called the dg's name, using the same vice. Then the rbt r speaker wuld give a "sit" rder, which was the real test.
Results f the experiments shwed that the dgs paid mre attentin t the rbt than the speaker. Dgs beyed the "sit" rder ver 60% f the time when it came frm the rbt, but less than 20% f the time when it came frm the speaker, even if they did lk a bit cnfused abut the whle thing at times.
While these results are certainly interesting, it's imprtant t answer the questin f whether dgs culd respnd t a scial rbt at all. The researchers were giving the dgs a great pprtunity. Fr example, the dgs' wners were instructed t interact with the rbt, talking t it and making eye cntact, t help encurage the dgs t see the rbt as friendly and make the anxiety less while als drawing attentin t the rbt. Hwever, they haven' t discvered what factrs (因素) might increase r decrease that likelihd.
"Since dgs are very sensitive t human scial cues (暗示), the rbt being humanid r nt may make a difference, lead researcher Meiying Qin said. "Yet, if a nn-humanid rbt behaves like a dg r shws any scial behavirs, dgs may als respnd in a scial manner."
"Nw that we have evidence that dgs d respnd t scial rbts, the next step is t figure ut what we haven't discvered yet," added Meiying Qin. "Humanid rbt, which is ne f the greatest inventin in the 20th century, is the advanced representatin f rbt technique." Sme peple may questin the value f making scial rbts fr pets. Dgs aren't the nly animals that rbts interact with, f curse the larger idea is that by studying hw dgs behave tward scial rbts relative t humans, it can help us understand bw scial rbts affect ur wn behavir, t.
22．Paragraph 2 is mainly abut ________.
A．hw the test was perfrmedB．what was fund in the test
C．why the scientists did the testD．wh tk part in the test
23．The researcher later will prbably fcus n ________.
A．human rders given t dgsB．factr t affect dg’s respnse
C．rbt technique t develpD．scial rbts designed fr pets
24．We can learn frm the experiment that ________.
A．dgs seldm bey the rder frm a humanid rbt
B．dgs pay less attentin t a mechanical-lking rbt
C．dgs can pay mre attentin t wners’ vice in the speaker
D．dgs can understand the scial meanings frm machines
25．The lead researcher Meiying Qin prbably agrees that ________.
A．humanid rbts can influence humans’ behavirs
B．it is wrthless t design advanced rbts fr animals
C．rbts will take the place f humans t lk after pets
D．humans dn’t respnd scially t nn-humanid rbts
三、补全短文5选5
The Internet is a place where we can talk freely. 26．
Accrding t a recent survey by China Yuth Daily, mre than 76 percent f yung peple in China said they felt their Chinese language skills have declined（下降）. 27． It is believed that digital technlgy and Internet memes（表情包）have changed their cmmunicatin habits. Fr example, direct expressin is the preferred way t cmmunicate nline. When ne see smething funny, ne will simply type hahaha r use the cry-laugh emji.
Als, “cpy and paste（粘贴）” culture is getting ppular. 28．. Many begin t use a fixed set f sentence patterns, such as whenever yu disagree with each ther, yu…（一言不合就……）
Cai Xiaja（nt her real name）, a teacher frm Fuzhu, tld China Yuth Daily that wrds in general are being used less. Fr instance, peple can share phts nline with little need fr wrds t describe them.
If this trend cntinues, it culd influence ur way f thinking, Peple's Daily nted. 29． If teenagers adpt（采用）casual（非正式的）methds f expressin like emjis, they culd lse the ability t use wrds prperly.
T imprve ur language skills, experts suggest that we shuld try t think independently and develp ur wn language lgic（逻辑）. 30．. “Keep using varius wrds t shw yur unique feelings,” said Shen Xialng, a prfessr in the Chinese department at Fudan University.
A．They dn’t use cmplex rhetrical technique（修辞手法）as ften anymre.
B．Peple simply cpy and paste expressins frm the Internet withut much thught.
C．They als suggest that we shuld read mre wrks f literature.
D．When we use expressins withut thinking, it means we have becme t lazy t express ur real feelings.
E.But it is als a place where we pay little attentin t whether r nt ur language cmpetence（能力）is becming prer.
四、根据首字母填空
31．R________ a bike t schl is gd fr health.
32．This is the w_____ restaurant that I have ever been t. Its dishes and service aren't gd at all.
33．The natural envirnment must be p________ by all the peple s that we will live in a better place.
五、根据中/英文提示填空
34．Thugh Ma Xianglin met lts f ________ （困难）, he never gave up building the rad.
35．Jack did his hmewrk s ________（粗心）that he made many mistakes.
六、用单词的正确形式完成短文
根据短文内容，用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空，使文章通顺完整。（每词限用一次）
With her eyes feeling increasingly tired and her visin blurry（模糊的）, 16-year-ld Sun Run went t the hspital with her parents in January. She was shcked when she fund ut that her eyesight 36． frm 5.0 t 4.6 in nly a semester. “A few f my friends have had the 37． experience lately,” Sun said.
In fact, pr eyesight amng Chinese primary and high schl students 38． frm 59.2 percent t 70.6 percent in the first six mnths f 2020, accrding t the Ministry f Educatin. Nw, mre and mre students wear glasses. The main reasn fr this is that 39． lifestyles have changed. They spend less time utdrs and mre time lking at screens.
T prtect students’ eyesight, the Chinese gvernment has wrked ut new requirements fr schl supplies and equipment that will take effect n March 1,2022. Fr example, accrding t the requirements, the 40． f text in students’ textbks shuld be n smaller than nine-pint（小五号）. Teachers shuld als avid 41． prjectrs（投影仪）r ther multimedia equipment（多媒体设备）that are t bright, Beijing Daily reprted.
There are als requirements fr desk and classrm lights. Fr example, these lights shuld give ff as 42． blue light as pssible. Blue light is bad fr ur eyes, as it can kill the phtreceptr cells（感光细胞）we need fr visin, accrding t Harvard Medical Schl. Many f the electrnic devices（电子设备）we use every day, 43． ur phnes and cmputer screens, give ff blue light.
Chinese gvernment has als 44． ther steps t prtect students’ eyesight in China. In May 2020, the Natinal Health Cmmissin（委员会）urged（要求）schls t make 45． that students have at least tw hurs f utdr activity a day.
七、多任务混合问题
阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后的要求答题。（请注意问题后的词数要求）
[1] One day in 1903, French scientist Eduard Benedictus climbed high t get smething n a high shelf in his labratry. He carelessly hit an empty glass flask（烧瓶）, and it fell t the stne flr.
[2] Benedictus climbed dwn, expecting a mess, but he fund a surprise. The glass hadn't brken int a millin pieces! It had cracked（破裂）but it had held tgether. Benedictus wndered why.
[3] His helper explained he had used the flask t hld liguid plastic（液态塑料）. Then he'd put the flask aside and frgtten t wash it. The liquid plastic dried, s the flask lked empty. Benedictus realized the dried plastic had kept the cracked glass frm falling apart.
[4] The same week, Benedictus read a reprt abut a car accident in the newspaper. The car was a new and exciting inventin, and many peple were driving fast n the rads. When accidents happened, peple were ften hurt by flying brken glass. Suddenly Benedictus thught f the brken flask. Culd his accident be smething useful?
[5] Benedictus spent a lt f time in the lab, trying t find ut the best way t make safety glass fr cars. Finally, Benedictus put sme liquid plastic between tw pieces f glass and pressed them tgether. When he hit it, the “glass-and -plastic sandwich” cracked, but it didn't break int small pieces.
[6] Benedictus succeeded. He ①________ in his diary, “I prduced my first piece f Triplex （the name fr his inventin）—full f prmise fr the future.”
[7] Benedictus was right. His methd f ②________ plastic between pieces f glass is still used tday. And that's hw an accident led t a（n）③________ that made us all safer!
46．Hw did Benedictus feel when he saw the cracked glass flask? （N mre than 5 wrds）
________________
47．Why didn't the glass flask break int a millin pieces when it fell t the stne flr? （N mre than 15 wrds）
________________
48．What d we knw abut Triplex? （N mre than 15 wrds）
________________
49．Translate the underlined sentence in the furth paragraph int Chinese.
________________
50．Fill in each blank in the passage with a prper wrd. （N mre than ne wrd fr each blank）
①________ ②________ ③________
51．What is the passage mainly abut? （N mre than 10 wrds）
________________
八、材料作文
52． 近年来，在一些学生中出现了不珍惜劳动成果、不想劳动、不会劳动的现象。为此，国家最近印发了《关于全面加强新时代大中小学劳动教育的意见》。请你根据思维导图，结合实际，就如何培养劳动精神，以“Hw t Get Wrking Spirit”为题，给校报英语专栏写一篇短文。
要求：1. 内容应包含思维导图中的主要内容，语句通顺，意思连贯，可适当发挥；
2. 文中不得出现自己的真实姓名、学校及地名；
3. 词数80~100词，短文开头已经给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：指导方针guideline；劳动课a hardwrking spirit class
Hw t Get Wrking Spirit
A guideline n hardwrking spirit educatin came ut recently in rder t help mre students f different ages t get wrking spirit.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Bruce Vent High Schl
Back-t-schl Celebratin
February 28th, Friday 9:30 a. m.—11:30 a. m
BVHS is having a back-t-schl celebratin with sprts, games, art prgrams and mre. Yu dn’t want t miss it! Yu dn’t need t register（登记）fr the event. Yur schl ID card is required t receive a free backpack.
Vlunteers needed fr the Back-t-schl Celebratin!
Click（点击）here t register t vlunteer at ur Back-t-schl Celebratin. We will need yur help befre, during and after the event. Please feel free t register fr the area yu feel best fits yu. Bth parents and students are welcme.
Vlunteer Training
February 21st. 5:00 p. m.—8:00 p. m.
In the Schl Hall
If yu have any questins abut dates and times, feel free t cntact（联系）us during ur ffice hurs.
E-mail: inf@familyvaluesfrlife. rg
Phne: 651-774-6663
Office hurs: Mnday-Friday. 9:00 a. m.—5:00 p. m.
same, rise, use, sure, peple, drp, take, size, include, little
参考答案
1．C
2．B
3．A
4．C
5．B
6．A
7．B
8．C
9．C
10．A
【分析】
这篇短文主要讲述了一只狗和一只兔子比赛找骨头和胡萝卜的故事，最后勤劳的兔子得胜了。这个故事告诉我们，当我们在生活中遇到困难的事情时，要向勤劳的兔子学习。
1．
句意：一天，他组织了一场狗和兔子的比赛。
meeting见面；party聚会；cmpetitin比赛。根据“He made a hle in ne f his biggest fields. And…a carrt and a bne（骨头）in it. He wanted t see which animal wuld find them first.”可知，此处是他们想进行一场比赛。故选C。
2．
句意：他在最大的一块地上挖了个洞，藏了一根胡萝卜和一根骨头在里面。
fund找到；hid隐藏；discvered发现。根据下文“He wanted t see which animal wuld find them first.”可知，此处是藏了一根胡萝卜和一根骨头在里面。故选B。
3．
句意：兔子很兴奋，他忙着找胡萝卜，到处挖。
excited激动的；angry生气的；shy害羞的。根据下文“and he was busy lking fr the carrt, digging here and there. …But the dg wasn’t ptimistic（乐观的）at all.”可知，此处是说兔子很兴奋。故选A。
4．
句意：他找了一会儿骨头，伤心地躺在地上。
ran arund到处跑；fell asleep睡着；lay dwn躺下。根据文中“And then he…t cmplain. He thught it was difficult fr him t find ne bne in such a big …”可知，此处应该是伤心地躺在地上。故选C。
5．
句意：然后他开始抱怨。
learned学习；began开始；lived居住。根据“He thught it was difficult fr him t find ne bne in such a big …”可知，此处是他开始抱怨，短语begin t d sth.“开始做某事”。故选B。
6．
句意：他觉得在这么大的田地里找一根骨头对他来说很难。
field领域，田地；hle洞；huse房子。根据“He made a hle in ne f his biggest fields and…a carrt and a bne（骨头）in it.”可知，此处是这么大的田地里找一根骨头很难。故选A。
7．
句意：兔子挖了好几个小时。
ran跑；dug挖土；slept睡觉。根据“With every new hle, the dg cmplained abut hw difficult this was，even fr the rabbit. The rabbit, n the ther hand, kept n wrking hard.”可知，此处是兔子挖了好几个小时。故选B。
8．
句意：当整个田地都没有地方可挖时，兔子挖了一条隧道就在狗一直躺着的地方。
Befre在……之前；Unless除非；When当……时候；根据“the rabbit dug a tunnel（隧道）t right under where the dg was lying all that time.”可知，此处是when引导的时间状语从句，故选C。
9．
句意：事实上，他一开始就找到了正确的地方。
At first起初，首先；At last最后；In fact实际上。根据“There he fund the carrt and the bne.”可知，此处是实际上，狗一开始就找到了正确的地方。故选C。
10．
句意：但他没有找到骨头，因为他只是抱怨，根本没有尝试。
nly仅仅，只；never绝不，从不；seldm很少。根据下文“and didn't try at all.”可知，此处是狗只会抱怨，没有尝试。故选A。
11．B
12．C
13．A
14．D
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文，作者在中学毕业前一天，老师给作者上了一节难忘的课：如果你呆在你的舒适区，你将永远无法开拓你对外面的世界视野。当你走出你的舒适区，你会让你的圈子更大，挑战你的思想，变得更强大，总而言之，成为一个更好的人。
11．
细节理解题。根据文中第一段“I wuld never frget what I learned frm the day when I left my junir high schl. On the last day ur teacher tld us smething educatinal that I wuld like t share with yu.”可知当我要离开中学时，老师最后一天给我们讲了很有教育意义的课。可见，是初中的最后一天。故选B。
12．
细节理解题。根据文中第三段“This is yur Cmfrt Zne. Inside yur circle yu have all the things that are imprtant t yu—yur hme, yur family, yur friends and yur jbs. Peple feel that inside this circle they are safe frm any danger.”舒适圈里是你的房子，你的家，你的朋友和职业。人们在舒适圈里觉得很安全。可知，学校也是舒适圈里的，所以不包括车。故选C。
13．
细节理解题。根据文中第四段“The silence cntinued and ur teacher smiled and asked,“When yu make mistakes, what can the result be?” The first student said, “Yu learn smething.””可知在你犯错之后是学习。可见走出舒适圈是你在学习。故选A。
14．
主旨大意题。根据文中第六段“When yu step ut f yur Cmfrt Zne, yu will make yur circle bigger t challenge yur mind and grw t be strnger, and all in all t be a better persn.”可知当你走出舒适圈，你在调整自己变成更强大的人，总之是更好的人。可见文章的中心大意是走出舒适圈，成为更好的人。故选D。
15．D
16．A
17．B
【分析】
本文是布鲁斯文托高中要举行返校庆典活动，招聘志愿者的广告。
15．
细节理解题。根据“Back-t-schl Celebratin…Yur schl ID card is required t receive a free backpack.”可知，学生参加返校庆典活动需要带学生证，故选D。
16．
细节理解题。根据“Vlunteer Training”可知，要成为返校庆典的志愿者，你必须接受一些培训，故选A。
17．
推理判断题。根据“E-mail: inf@familyvaluesfrlife. Org，Phne: 651-774-6663，Office hurs: Mnday-Friday. 9:00 a. m.—5:00 p. m”可知，学校提供了电子邮件和电话这两种联系方式，故选B。
18．B
19．A
20．D
21．C
【分析】
短文大意：本文介绍了英国一所大学的一项新研究，发现学习第二语言时人的大脑灰质密度会发生更大的变化，对阅读、写作和理解都有很大帮助，所以，学习第二语言可以提高人的智力，早期学习第二语言也可以对你学习其他科目有帮助。
18．
细节理解题。根据“Researchers fund that learning ther languages changes grey matter”可知，学习其他语言会改变大脑灰质，故选B。
19．
词义猜测题。根据“They were cmpared with a grup f “early bilinguals” wh had learned a secnd language befre the age f five”可知，与一组很早就学会了第二语言的进行了比较，这些人不但会英语，还会其他语言，所以可推断出bilinguals表示“双语学习者”，故选A。
20．
推理判断题。根据“Scans shwed that grey matter density（密度）in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in peple withut a secnd language”可知，双语者的大脑灰质密度比不懂第二语言的人要高，D表述错误，故选D。
21．
主旨大意题。根据“The results shwed that the yunger they started t learn, the better”及全段的内容，可知，作者通过最后两段想告诉我们，早期学习第二语言对你学习其他科目有很大帮助，故选C。
22．A
23．B
24．D
25．A
【分析】
本文通过实验证明狗会听从类人机器人给予的指示，科学家认为通过研究狗对社会机器人的反应，可以帮助我们理解类人机器人可以影响人类的行为。
22．
主旨大意题。根据第二段“Researchers at Yale University’s Scial Rbtics Lab tested hw dgs respnded t instructins frm rbts. A grup f 34 dgs participated in the experiment, …Then the rbt r speaker wuld give a "sit" rder, which was the real test.” 可知为了测试狗是如何回应机器人的指示的，研究人员用34只狗进行了实验，机器人或真人用同样的声音叫狗的名字。然后机器人或真人会给狗一个指令“坐”；以此看狗对指令的反应。由此可知本段主要介绍这个测试是如何进行的。故选A。
23．
推理判断题。根据第三段“Hwever, they haven' t discvered what factrs (因素) might increase r decrease that likelihd.” 然而，他们还没有发现哪些因素可能增加或减少这种可能性。由此推断研究人员稍后可能会关注那些影响狗的反应的因素。故选B。
24．
推理判断题。根据第三段“Results f the experiments shwed that the dgs paid mre attentin t the rbt than the speaker.”可知实验结果表明，狗对机器人的专注程度高于真人。由此推断狗可以从机器人中理解社会意义。故选D。
25．
推理判断题。根据最后一段“the larger idea is that by studying hw dgs behave tward scial rbts relative t humans, it can help us understand bw scial rbts affect ur wn behavir, t.”可知更大的想法是，通过研究狗对社会机器人的反应，它可以帮助我们理解类人机器人可以影响人类的行为。故选A。
26．E
27．A
28．B
29．D
30．C
【分析】
互联网是一个我们可以自由交谈的地方，但随着人们更多地使用互联网，人们的汉语技能正在下降。为了提高我们的语言技巧，专家建议我们应该独立思考和发展自己的语言逻辑。
26．
根据“Accrding t a recent survey by China Yuth Daily, mre than 76 percent f yung peple in China said they felt their Chinese language skills have declined”可知，据《中国青年报》最近的一项调查显示，超过76%的中国年轻人表示他们的汉语水平有所下降，此处提及语言水平下降的现象，选项E“但我们也很少关注自己的语言能力是否在变差”符合语境，故选E。
27．
根据“It is believed that digital technlgy and Internet memes（表情包）have changed their cmmunicatin habits.”可知，人们认为数字技术和网络迷因已经改变了他们的交流习惯，此处提及人们的交流习惯，选项A“他们不再经常使用复杂的修辞技巧”符合语境，故选A。
28．
根据“‘cpy and paste（粘贴）’ culture is getting ppular.”可知，“复制粘贴”文化也越来越流行，选项B“人们只是简单地复制和粘贴互联网上的表达，而没有想太多”符合语境，故选B。
29．
根据“If teenagers adpt（采用）casual（非正式的）methds f expressin like emjis, they culd lse the ability t use wrds prperly.”可知，如果青少年采用像表情符号这样随意的表达方式，他们可能会失去正确使用文字的能力，选项D“当我们不加思考地使用表达时，就意味着我们已经懒得去表达我们的真实感受”符合语境，故选D。
30．
根据“T imprve ur language skills, experts suggest that we shuld try t think independently and develp ur wn language lgic（逻辑）.”可知，为了提高我们的语言技能，专家建议我们应该试着独立思考，发展我们自己的语言逻辑。此处提及专家建议，选项C“他们还建议我们应该读更多的文学作品”符合语境，故选C。
31．(R)iding
【详解】
句意：骑自行车上学对健康有好处。根据句中的“bike”及首字母提示可知，此处使用动词ride，表示“骑”；ride a bike骑自行车，固定搭配； be gd fr对……有益，固定短语；分析句子可知，此处表达的是骑自行车上学对健康有好处，动名词短语作主语；ride的动名词为riding，句首首字母大写。故填(R)iding。
32．wrst
【详解】
句意：这是我去过的最差的餐厅。它的菜式和服务一点都不好。根据空后I have ever been t“我去过的”可知这是表示范围，把作者去过的所有餐厅进行对比，再加上空前the，所以这里用形容词的最高级。根据下一句“Its dishes and service aren't gd at all.”可知这家餐厅的菜式和服务都很差；结合首字母w的提示可知，这里用“最差的”wrst。故填wrst。
33．(p)rtected
【详解】
句意：自然环境必须由所有人来保护，这样我们才能生活在一个更好的地方。根据句中的“The natural envirnment”及首字母提示可知，此处使用动词prtect，意为“保护”，即保护环境，符合语境；根 据句中的“by”及分析句子结构可知，句子使用了含情态动词 must的被动语态，其结构为：must be +动词的过去分词；prtect的过去分词为prtected。故填(p)rtected。
34．difficulties
【详解】
句意：尽管毛祥林遇到了许多困难，但他从未放弃修路。根据汉语提“困难”的英语表达是difficulty，是可数名词。因lts f接可数名词，需用名词复数形式。故填difficulties。
35．carelessly
【详解】
句意：杰克做作业做得如此粗心以至于他犯了很多错。careless粗心的，是形容词，修饰动宾短语did his hmewrk，用careless的副词，故填carelessly。
36．drpped
37．same
38．rse
39．peple’s
40．size
41．using
42．little
43．including
44．taken
45．sure
【分析】
本文主要介绍了中国有视力问题的学生越来越多以及政府采取了一些措施来保护学生们的眼睛。
36．
句意：当她发现自己的视力在一个学期内就从5.0降到了4.6时，她非常震惊。根据“frm 5.0 t 4.6”可知，从5.0到4.6，说明视力下降，此处使用drp，意为“下降”，符合语境；由“fund”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，谓语动词使用过去式；drp的过去式是drpped。故填drpped。
37．
句意：孙说：“最近，我有几个朋友也有同样的经历。” the same相同的，固定短语； the same experience表示“相同的经历”。故填same。
38．
句意：事实上，根据教育部的数据，2020年前六个月，中国中小学生视力不佳的比例从59.2%增加到了70.6%。根据“frm 59.2 percent t 70.6 percent”可知，从59.2%到了70.6%，说明数据增加了，此处使用rise，意为“增加”符合语境；根据时间状语“in the first six mnths f 2020”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，谓语动词使用过去式；rise的过去式为rse。故填rse。
39．
句意：主要原因是人们的生活方式发生了变化。根据“…lifestyles have changed”及分析备选词汇可知，此处使用peple表示人们的生活方式发生了变化，符合语境；lifestyles生活方式，可数名词复数；peple人们，可数名词复数，名词修饰名词，应使用名词所有格形式，peple的名词所有格为peple’s。故填peple’s。
40．
句意：例如，根据要求，学生教科书的文字大小不得小于小五号。根据句中“nine-pint”可知，此处使用size，表达文字的大小，符合语境。故填size。
41．
句意：据《北京日报》报道，教师还应避免使用过于明亮的投影仪或其他多媒体设备。根据句中“prjectrs（投影仪）r ther multimedia equipment”可知，此处使用use，表示使用投影仪或其他多媒体设备，符合语境。avid ding sth. 避免做某事，固定短语。故填using。
42．
句意：例如，这些灯应该发出尽可能少的蓝光。根据下文“Blue light is bad fr ur eyes…”可知，蓝光对我们的眼睛有害。由此说明此处使用little，意为“很少的”，表达的是这些灯应该发出尽可能少的蓝光。故填little。
43．
句意：我们每天使用的许多电子设备，包括我们的手机和电脑屏幕，都会发出蓝光。根据句中的“ur phnes and cmputer screens”可知，此处使用“包括”符合语境；include包括，动词，此处使用其现在分词including，用作介词，后面直接跟宾语，含有补充说明之意。故填including。
44．
句意：中国政府还采取了其他措施来保护中国学生的视力。take steps t d sth.采取措施做某事，固定短语；根据句子的“has”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，其构成为：have/has+动词的过去分词；take的过去分词为taken。故填taken。
45．
句意：2020年5月，国家卫生健康委员会敦促学校确保学生每天至少有两个小时的户外活动时间。make sure that确保，固定短语。故填sure。
46．He felt surprised.
47．Because there was dried plastic in it. / Because he had used the flask t hld liquid plastic and frgtten t wash it. / Because the dried plastic had kept the cracked glass frm falling apart.
48．It had an influence n tday's safety glass. / It was invented by Eduard Benedictus.
49．事故发生时，人们经常被飞溅的碎玻璃扎/砸伤。
50． wrte putting inventin
51．A great accidental inventin. / A careless accident can lead t an inventin.
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。介绍了1903年法国化学家Benedictus无意中制作出不会成碎片的玻璃，并介绍了汽车安全玻璃的发明过程。
46．
根据文中“Benedictus climbed dwn, expecting a mess, but he fund a surprise.”可知，当Benedictus看到破裂的玻璃瓶时，他感到惊讶。故填He felt surprised.
47．
根据文中“Then he'd put the flask aside and frgtten t wash it. The liquid plastic dried, s the flask lked empty. Benedictus realized the dried plastic had kept the cracked glass frm falling apart.”可知，玻璃瓶掉到石头地上时没有碎成百万块，是因为里面有干塑料；或因为他用烧瓶盛液体塑料，忘了洗；或因为干燥的塑料使破裂的玻璃不至于散开。故填Because there was dried plastic in it. /Because he had used the flask t hld liquid plastic and frgtten t wash it. /Because the dried plastic had kept the cracked glass frm falling apart.
48．
根据文中“I prduced my first piece f Triplex （the name fr his inventin）—full f prmise fr the future.”可知，关于Triplex，我们知道，它对今天的安全玻璃产生了影响；或它是Eduard Benedictus发明的。故填It had an influence n tday's safety glass. /It was invented by Eduard Benedictus.
49．
when当……时候；accidents事故；happened发生；peple人们；were ften hurt经常被伤害，一般过去时被动语态形式；by flying brken glass被飞溅的碎玻璃。故填：事故发生时，人们经常被飞溅的碎玻璃扎/砸伤。
50．
根据空后“in his diary,”可知，空一应是write，写；句子是一般过去时，动词应用过去式wrte。根据文中“Finally, Benedictus put sme liquid plastic between tw pieces f glass and pressed them tgether.”可知，空二的词应是put，放；因位于介词f之后，应用动名词形式putting。根据上文内容可知，是一次意外导致了一项发明，故空三应是inventin，发明。故填①wrte②putting③inventin。
51．
通读全文可知，文章主要是关于一个伟大的意外发明；或一次不小心的事故导致了一项发明。故填A great accidental inventin./A careless accident can lead t an inventin.
52．例文：
Hw t Get Wrking Spirit
A guideline n hardwrking spirit educatin came ut recently in rder t help mre students f different ages t get wrking spirit. As a middle schl student, I welcme it warmly.
Firstly, we shuld have hardwrking spirt classes t learn sme basic life skills at schl every week. Secndly, we can take part in ut-f-class activities such as planting trees r grwing vegetables t enrich ur real-wrld wrk experience. Als, we need try t d sme chres at hme, like tidying rms, washing clthes r cking sme dishes. Abve all, we culd frm gd wrking habits and value the imprtance f wrking hard thrugh ur experience.
In a wrd, the hardwrking spirit educatin is necessary and it helps t build us up.
【详解】
1.题干解读：该题目属于材料作文写作，要求按照所给的要点提示写一篇短文，介绍如何培养劳动精神。注意写作时要点要齐全，同时也可进行合理而又紧扣主题的发挥。
2.写作指导：本文应该用第一、三人称来叙述；时态采用一般现在时；文章开头已给出，写作时，注意承接上文，根据要点提示具体介绍培养劳动精神的方法：上劳动课、参加实践活动、学做家务以及养成良好的劳动习惯；文中一定要包含题干中列出的所有要点；可以运用一些短语和常用句型为文章增添色彩；注意单词书写的准确度，语法运用的准确度，上下文注意连接的流畅度，以及逻辑合理。
一、完型填空
There was nce a farmer. He had a very big rabbit and a smart dg. One day, he rganized a（n） 1 between his dg and his rabbit. He made a hle in ne f his biggest fields and 2 a carrt and a bne（骨头）in it. He wanted t see which animal wuld find them first.
The rabbit was very 3 , and he was busy lking fr the carrt, digging here and there. He was cmpletely sure that he wuld find the carrt and the bne. But the dg wasn’t ptimistic（乐观的）at all. After he lked fr the bne fr a shrt time, he 4 n the grund sadly. And then he 5 t cmplain. He thught it was difficult fr him t find ne bne in such a big 6 .
The rabbit 7 fr hurs. With every new hle, the dg cmplained abut hw difficult this was，even fr the rabbit. The rabbit, n the ther hand, kept n wrking hard. 8 there was n place in the whle field left t dig，the rabbit dug a tunnel（隧道）t right under where the dg was lying all that time. There he fund the carrt and the bne.
And this is hw the dg lst the cmpetitin. 9 , he fund the right place at the very beginning. But he failed t find the bne because he 10 cmplained and didn’t try at all. When we d smething difficult in ur life, we shuld learn frm the rabbit.
1．A．meetingB．partyC．cmpetitin
2．A．fundB．hidC．discvered
3．A．excitedB．angryC．shy
4．A．ran arundB．fell asleepC．lay dwn
5．A．learnedB．beganC．lived
6．A．fieldB．hleC．huse
7．A．ranB．dugC．slept
8．A．BefreB．UnlessC．When
9．A．At firstB．At lastC．In fact
10．A．nlyB．neverC．seldm
二、阅读单选
I wuld never frget what I learned frm the day when I left my junir high schl. On the last day ur teacher tld us smething educatinal that I wuld like t share with yu.
He began by drawing a man standing in the middle f a circle. T make it mre interesting, he drew things like a huse, a schl and a few friends inside the circle.
He asked, “Can anyne tell me what this is?” In a lng silence, ne student decided t express his idea, “The wrld?” The teacher said, “That's clse. This is yur Cmfrt Zne（舒适圈）. Inside yur circle yu have all the things that are imprtant t yu-yur hme, yur family, yur friends and yur jbs. Peple feel that inside this circle they are safe frm any danger.”
“Can anyne tell me what will happen when yu step ut f this circle?” A strng silence came ver the rm. The same student replied, “Yu are afraid.” Anther student said. “Yu may make mistakes.” The silence cntinued and ur teacher smiled and asked, “When yu make mistakes, what can the result be?” The first student said. “Yu learn smething.”
“Exactly, yu are learning.” Our teacher turned t the blackbard and drew an arrw（箭头）pinting frm the man t the utside f the circle. He went n saying, “When yu leave yur Cmfrt Zne, yu put yurself ut there. The result is that yu learn smething that yu d nt knw t becme a better persn.” He drew a bigger circle arund the riginal（原来的） circle, and added a few new things like mre friends, a big huse, etc.
A lessn frm this stry is that if yu stay inside yur Cmfrt Zne yu will never be able t pen yur eyes t the utside wrld. When yu step ut f yur Cmfrt Zne, yu will make yur circle bigger t challenge yur mind and grw t be strnger, and all in all t be a better persn.
11．The stry happened n ________.
A．the first day f junir high schlB．the last day f junir high schl
C．the first day f senir high schlD．the last day f senir high schl
12．Which f the fllwing is NOT included in the Cmfrt Zne that the teacher drew n the blackbard first?
A．Friends.B．Huse.C．Cars.D．Schl.
13．When peple step ut f the Cmfrt Zne, they will ________ at last.
A．learn smethingB．feel a little afraid
C．begin t make mistakesD．miss their family and friends
14．The passage mainly tells us that ________.
A．families always get in the way f peple's grwth
B．arrws help peple make mre friends
C．silence in the class means students can think mre
D．stepping ut f Cmfrt Zne can make peple better
15．Which activity requires the students t bring their schl ID cards?
A．Making artB．Playing sprts
C．Playing gamesD．Getting a backpack.
16．T vlunteer at the Back-t-schl Celebratin, ne has t ________.
A．get sme trainingB．start wrk in early February
C．g t the Schl Hall fr registratinD．be a student f Bruce Vent High Schl
17．Hw many ways f cntacting the schl are prvided?
A．One.B．Tw.C．Three.D．Fur.
If English means endless new wrds, difficult grammar and smetimes strange prnunciatin, yu are wrng. Haven’t yu nticed that yu have becme smarter since yu started t learn a language?
Accrding t a new study by a British university, learning a secnd language can lead t an increase in yur brain pwer. Researchers fund that learning ther languages changes grey matter（脑灰质）. This is the area f the brain which prcesses infrmatin. It is similar t the way that exercise builds muscles.
The study als fund the effect is greater, the yunger peple learn a secnd language. A team led by Dr Andrea Michelle, frm University Cllege Lndn, tk a grup f Britns wh nly spke English. They were cmpared with a grup f “early bilinguals” wh had learned a secnd language befre the age f five, as well as a number f later learners.
Scans shwed that grey matter density（密度）in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in peple withut a secnd language. But the lnger a persn waited befre mastering a new language, the smaller the difference is.
“Our findings suggest that the structure f the brain is changed by the experience f learning a secnd language,” said the scientists. It means that the change itself increases the ability t learn.
Prfessr Dylan Vaughan Jnes f the University f Wales has researched the link between bilingualism and math skills. “Having tw languages gives yu tw windws n the wrld and makes the brain mre flexible（灵活的）,” he said, “Yu are actually ging beynd（超出） language and have a better understanding f different ideas."
The findings were matched in a study f native Italian speakers wh had learned English as a secnd language between the ages f tw and thirty-fur. Reading, writing and cmprehensin were all tested. The results shwed that the yunger they started t learn, the better. “Studying a language means yu get an entrance t anther wrld,” explained the scientists.
18．If peple learn ther languages, what will be changed?
A．white matterB．grey matterC．exerciseD．muscles
19．What des the underlined wrd “bilingual” prbably mean in Chinese?
A．双语学习者B．词汇学C．口语交际D．实用语法
20．Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing is NOT true?
A．Leaning ther languages can make yu becme smarter.
B．A secnd language can lead t an increase in yur brain pwer.
C．Learning ther languages can change grey matter which prcesses infrmatin.
D．Grey matter density in the brain was wrse in bilinguals than that in peple withut a secnd language.
21．In the last tw paragraphs, the writer wants t tell us that ________.
A．Italian is the best chice fr yu t learn as a secnd language
B．learning a secnd language is the same as studying math
C．early learning f a secnd language helps yu a lt in studying ther subjects
D．yu’d better chse the ages between tw and thirty-fur t learn a secnd language
Dgs have an amazing talent fr understand human scial behavir, and they can take actins upn human rders, but what if they are given instructins nt by real humans but by humanid rbts that behave like humans? Will dgs bey the rbt's rders?
At the Internatinal Cnference n Human Rbt Interactin2020. Researchers at Yale University’s Scial Rbtics Lab tested hw dgs respnded t instructins frm rbts. A grup f 34 dgs participated in the experiment, and each dg was tested with either a speaker r a human-like rbt in a rm. After a brief intrductin t the testing envirnment, the rbt r speaker called the dg's name, using the same vice. Then the rbt r speaker wuld give a "sit" rder, which was the real test.
Results f the experiments shwed that the dgs paid mre attentin t the rbt than the speaker. Dgs beyed the "sit" rder ver 60% f the time when it came frm the rbt, but less than 20% f the time when it came frm the speaker, even if they did lk a bit cnfused abut the whle thing at times.
While these results are certainly interesting, it's imprtant t answer the questin f whether dgs culd respnd t a scial rbt at all. The researchers were giving the dgs a great pprtunity. Fr example, the dgs' wners were instructed t interact with the rbt, talking t it and making eye cntact, t help encurage the dgs t see the rbt as friendly and make the anxiety less while als drawing attentin t the rbt. Hwever, they haven' t discvered what factrs (因素) might increase r decrease that likelihd.
"Since dgs are very sensitive t human scial cues (暗示), the rbt being humanid r nt may make a difference, lead researcher Meiying Qin said. "Yet, if a nn-humanid rbt behaves like a dg r shws any scial behavirs, dgs may als respnd in a scial manner."
"Nw that we have evidence that dgs d respnd t scial rbts, the next step is t figure ut what we haven't discvered yet," added Meiying Qin. "Humanid rbt, which is ne f the greatest inventin in the 20th century, is the advanced representatin f rbt technique." Sme peple may questin the value f making scial rbts fr pets. Dgs aren't the nly animals that rbts interact with, f curse the larger idea is that by studying hw dgs behave tward scial rbts relative t humans, it can help us understand bw scial rbts affect ur wn behavir, t.
22．Paragraph 2 is mainly abut ________.
A．hw the test was perfrmedB．what was fund in the test
C．why the scientists did the testD．wh tk part in the test
23．The researcher later will prbably fcus n ________.
A．human rders given t dgsB．factr t affect dg’s respnse
C．rbt technique t develpD．scial rbts designed fr pets
24．We can learn frm the experiment that ________.
A．dgs seldm bey the rder frm a humanid rbt
B．dgs pay less attentin t a mechanical-lking rbt
C．dgs can pay mre attentin t wners’ vice in the speaker
D．dgs can understand the scial meanings frm machines
25．The lead researcher Meiying Qin prbably agrees that ________.
A．humanid rbts can influence humans’ behavirs
B．it is wrthless t design advanced rbts fr animals
C．rbts will take the place f humans t lk after pets
D．humans dn’t respnd scially t nn-humanid rbts
三、补全短文5选5
The Internet is a place where we can talk freely. 26．
Accrding t a recent survey by China Yuth Daily, mre than 76 percent f yung peple in China said they felt their Chinese language skills have declined（下降）. 27． It is believed that digital technlgy and Internet memes（表情包）have changed their cmmunicatin habits. Fr example, direct expressin is the preferred way t cmmunicate nline. When ne see smething funny, ne will simply type hahaha r use the cry-laugh emji.
Als, “cpy and paste（粘贴）” culture is getting ppular. 28．. Many begin t use a fixed set f sentence patterns, such as whenever yu disagree with each ther, yu…（一言不合就……）
Cai Xiaja（nt her real name）, a teacher frm Fuzhu, tld China Yuth Daily that wrds in general are being used less. Fr instance, peple can share phts nline with little need fr wrds t describe them.
If this trend cntinues, it culd influence ur way f thinking, Peple's Daily nted. 29． If teenagers adpt（采用）casual（非正式的）methds f expressin like emjis, they culd lse the ability t use wrds prperly.
T imprve ur language skills, experts suggest that we shuld try t think independently and develp ur wn language lgic（逻辑）. 30．. “Keep using varius wrds t shw yur unique feelings,” said Shen Xialng, a prfessr in the Chinese department at Fudan University.
A．They dn’t use cmplex rhetrical technique（修辞手法）as ften anymre.
B．Peple simply cpy and paste expressins frm the Internet withut much thught.
C．They als suggest that we shuld read mre wrks f literature.
D．When we use expressins withut thinking, it means we have becme t lazy t express ur real feelings.
E.But it is als a place where we pay little attentin t whether r nt ur language cmpetence（能力）is becming prer.
四、根据首字母填空
31．R________ a bike t schl is gd fr health.
32．This is the w_____ restaurant that I have ever been t. Its dishes and service aren't gd at all.
33．The natural envirnment must be p________ by all the peple s that we will live in a better place.
五、根据中/英文提示填空
34．Thugh Ma Xianglin met lts f ________ （困难）, he never gave up building the rad.
35．Jack did his hmewrk s ________（粗心）that he made many mistakes.
六、用单词的正确形式完成短文
根据短文内容，用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空，使文章通顺完整。（每词限用一次）
With her eyes feeling increasingly tired and her visin blurry（模糊的）, 16-year-ld Sun Run went t the hspital with her parents in January. She was shcked when she fund ut that her eyesight 36． frm 5.0 t 4.6 in nly a semester. “A few f my friends have had the 37． experience lately,” Sun said.
In fact, pr eyesight amng Chinese primary and high schl students 38． frm 59.2 percent t 70.6 percent in the first six mnths f 2020, accrding t the Ministry f Educatin. Nw, mre and mre students wear glasses. The main reasn fr this is that 39． lifestyles have changed. They spend less time utdrs and mre time lking at screens.
T prtect students’ eyesight, the Chinese gvernment has wrked ut new requirements fr schl supplies and equipment that will take effect n March 1,2022. Fr example, accrding t the requirements, the 40． f text in students’ textbks shuld be n smaller than nine-pint（小五号）. Teachers shuld als avid 41． prjectrs（投影仪）r ther multimedia equipment（多媒体设备）that are t bright, Beijing Daily reprted.
There are als requirements fr desk and classrm lights. Fr example, these lights shuld give ff as 42． blue light as pssible. Blue light is bad fr ur eyes, as it can kill the phtreceptr cells（感光细胞）we need fr visin, accrding t Harvard Medical Schl. Many f the electrnic devices（电子设备）we use every day, 43． ur phnes and cmputer screens, give ff blue light.
Chinese gvernment has als 44． ther steps t prtect students’ eyesight in China. In May 2020, the Natinal Health Cmmissin（委员会）urged（要求）schls t make 45． that students have at least tw hurs f utdr activity a day.
七、多任务混合问题
阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后的要求答题。（请注意问题后的词数要求）
[1] One day in 1903, French scientist Eduard Benedictus climbed high t get smething n a high shelf in his labratry. He carelessly hit an empty glass flask（烧瓶）, and it fell t the stne flr.
[2] Benedictus climbed dwn, expecting a mess, but he fund a surprise. The glass hadn't brken int a millin pieces! It had cracked（破裂）but it had held tgether. Benedictus wndered why.
[3] His helper explained he had used the flask t hld liguid plastic（液态塑料）. Then he'd put the flask aside and frgtten t wash it. The liquid plastic dried, s the flask lked empty. Benedictus realized the dried plastic had kept the cracked glass frm falling apart.
[4] The same week, Benedictus read a reprt abut a car accident in the newspaper. The car was a new and exciting inventin, and many peple were driving fast n the rads. When accidents happened, peple were ften hurt by flying brken glass. Suddenly Benedictus thught f the brken flask. Culd his accident be smething useful?
[5] Benedictus spent a lt f time in the lab, trying t find ut the best way t make safety glass fr cars. Finally, Benedictus put sme liquid plastic between tw pieces f glass and pressed them tgether. When he hit it, the “glass-and -plastic sandwich” cracked, but it didn't break int small pieces.
[6] Benedictus succeeded. He ①________ in his diary, “I prduced my first piece f Triplex （the name fr his inventin）—full f prmise fr the future.”
[7] Benedictus was right. His methd f ②________ plastic between pieces f glass is still used tday. And that's hw an accident led t a（n）③________ that made us all safer!
46．Hw did Benedictus feel when he saw the cracked glass flask? （N mre than 5 wrds）
________________
47．Why didn't the glass flask break int a millin pieces when it fell t the stne flr? （N mre than 15 wrds）
________________
48．What d we knw abut Triplex? （N mre than 15 wrds）
________________
49．Translate the underlined sentence in the furth paragraph int Chinese.
________________
50．Fill in each blank in the passage with a prper wrd. （N mre than ne wrd fr each blank）
①________ ②________ ③________
51．What is the passage mainly abut? （N mre than 10 wrds）
________________
八、材料作文
52． 近年来，在一些学生中出现了不珍惜劳动成果、不想劳动、不会劳动的现象。为此，国家最近印发了《关于全面加强新时代大中小学劳动教育的意见》。请你根据思维导图，结合实际，就如何培养劳动精神，以“Hw t Get Wrking Spirit”为题，给校报英语专栏写一篇短文。
要求：1. 内容应包含思维导图中的主要内容，语句通顺，意思连贯，可适当发挥；
2. 文中不得出现自己的真实姓名、学校及地名；
3. 词数80~100词，短文开头已经给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：指导方针guideline；劳动课a hardwrking spirit class
Hw t Get Wrking Spirit
A guideline n hardwrking spirit educatin came ut recently in rder t help mre students f different ages t get wrking spirit.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Bruce Vent High Schl
Back-t-schl Celebratin
February 28th, Friday 9:30 a. m.—11:30 a. m
BVHS is having a back-t-schl celebratin with sprts, games, art prgrams and mre. Yu dn’t want t miss it! Yu dn’t need t register（登记）fr the event. Yur schl ID card is required t receive a free backpack.
Vlunteers needed fr the Back-t-schl Celebratin!
Click（点击）here t register t vlunteer at ur Back-t-schl Celebratin. We will need yur help befre, during and after the event. Please feel free t register fr the area yu feel best fits yu. Bth parents and students are welcme.
Vlunteer Training
February 21st. 5:00 p. m.—8:00 p. m.
In the Schl Hall
If yu have any questins abut dates and times, feel free t cntact（联系）us during ur ffice hurs.
E-mail: inf@familyvaluesfrlife. rg
Phne: 651-774-6663
Office hurs: Mnday-Friday. 9:00 a. m.—5:00 p. m.
same, rise, use, sure, peple, drp, take, size, include, little
参考答案
1．C
2．B
3．A
4．C
5．B
6．A
7．B
8．C
9．C
10．A
【分析】
这篇短文主要讲述了一只狗和一只兔子比赛找骨头和胡萝卜的故事，最后勤劳的兔子得胜了。这个故事告诉我们，当我们在生活中遇到困难的事情时，要向勤劳的兔子学习。
1．
句意：一天，他组织了一场狗和兔子的比赛。
meeting见面；party聚会；cmpetitin比赛。根据“He made a hle in ne f his biggest fields. And…a carrt and a bne（骨头）in it. He wanted t see which animal wuld find them first.”可知，此处是他们想进行一场比赛。故选C。
2．
句意：他在最大的一块地上挖了个洞，藏了一根胡萝卜和一根骨头在里面。
fund找到；hid隐藏；discvered发现。根据下文“He wanted t see which animal wuld find them first.”可知，此处是藏了一根胡萝卜和一根骨头在里面。故选B。
3．
句意：兔子很兴奋，他忙着找胡萝卜，到处挖。
excited激动的；angry生气的；shy害羞的。根据下文“and he was busy lking fr the carrt, digging here and there. …But the dg wasn’t ptimistic（乐观的）at all.”可知，此处是说兔子很兴奋。故选A。
4．
句意：他找了一会儿骨头，伤心地躺在地上。
ran arund到处跑；fell asleep睡着；lay dwn躺下。根据文中“And then he…t cmplain. He thught it was difficult fr him t find ne bne in such a big …”可知，此处应该是伤心地躺在地上。故选C。
5．
句意：然后他开始抱怨。
learned学习；began开始；lived居住。根据“He thught it was difficult fr him t find ne bne in such a big …”可知，此处是他开始抱怨，短语begin t d sth.“开始做某事”。故选B。
6．
句意：他觉得在这么大的田地里找一根骨头对他来说很难。
field领域，田地；hle洞；huse房子。根据“He made a hle in ne f his biggest fields and…a carrt and a bne（骨头）in it.”可知，此处是这么大的田地里找一根骨头很难。故选A。
7．
句意：兔子挖了好几个小时。
ran跑；dug挖土；slept睡觉。根据“With every new hle, the dg cmplained abut hw difficult this was，even fr the rabbit. The rabbit, n the ther hand, kept n wrking hard.”可知，此处是兔子挖了好几个小时。故选B。
8．
句意：当整个田地都没有地方可挖时，兔子挖了一条隧道就在狗一直躺着的地方。
Befre在……之前；Unless除非；When当……时候；根据“the rabbit dug a tunnel（隧道）t right under where the dg was lying all that time.”可知，此处是when引导的时间状语从句，故选C。
9．
句意：事实上，他一开始就找到了正确的地方。
At first起初，首先；At last最后；In fact实际上。根据“There he fund the carrt and the bne.”可知，此处是实际上，狗一开始就找到了正确的地方。故选C。
10．
句意：但他没有找到骨头，因为他只是抱怨，根本没有尝试。
nly仅仅，只；never绝不，从不；seldm很少。根据下文“and didn't try at all.”可知，此处是狗只会抱怨，没有尝试。故选A。
11．B
12．C
13．A
14．D
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文，作者在中学毕业前一天，老师给作者上了一节难忘的课：如果你呆在你的舒适区，你将永远无法开拓你对外面的世界视野。当你走出你的舒适区，你会让你的圈子更大，挑战你的思想，变得更强大，总而言之，成为一个更好的人。
11．
细节理解题。根据文中第一段“I wuld never frget what I learned frm the day when I left my junir high schl. On the last day ur teacher tld us smething educatinal that I wuld like t share with yu.”可知当我要离开中学时，老师最后一天给我们讲了很有教育意义的课。可见，是初中的最后一天。故选B。
12．
细节理解题。根据文中第三段“This is yur Cmfrt Zne. Inside yur circle yu have all the things that are imprtant t yu—yur hme, yur family, yur friends and yur jbs. Peple feel that inside this circle they are safe frm any danger.”舒适圈里是你的房子，你的家，你的朋友和职业。人们在舒适圈里觉得很安全。可知，学校也是舒适圈里的，所以不包括车。故选C。
13．
细节理解题。根据文中第四段“The silence cntinued and ur teacher smiled and asked,“When yu make mistakes, what can the result be?” The first student said, “Yu learn smething.””可知在你犯错之后是学习。可见走出舒适圈是你在学习。故选A。
14．
主旨大意题。根据文中第六段“When yu step ut f yur Cmfrt Zne, yu will make yur circle bigger t challenge yur mind and grw t be strnger, and all in all t be a better persn.”可知当你走出舒适圈，你在调整自己变成更强大的人，总之是更好的人。可见文章的中心大意是走出舒适圈，成为更好的人。故选D。
15．D
16．A
17．B
【分析】
本文是布鲁斯文托高中要举行返校庆典活动，招聘志愿者的广告。
15．
细节理解题。根据“Back-t-schl Celebratin…Yur schl ID card is required t receive a free backpack.”可知，学生参加返校庆典活动需要带学生证，故选D。
16．
细节理解题。根据“Vlunteer Training”可知，要成为返校庆典的志愿者，你必须接受一些培训，故选A。
17．
推理判断题。根据“E-mail: inf@familyvaluesfrlife. Org，Phne: 651-774-6663，Office hurs: Mnday-Friday. 9:00 a. m.—5:00 p. m”可知，学校提供了电子邮件和电话这两种联系方式，故选B。
18．B
19．A
20．D
21．C
【分析】
短文大意：本文介绍了英国一所大学的一项新研究，发现学习第二语言时人的大脑灰质密度会发生更大的变化，对阅读、写作和理解都有很大帮助，所以，学习第二语言可以提高人的智力，早期学习第二语言也可以对你学习其他科目有帮助。
18．
细节理解题。根据“Researchers fund that learning ther languages changes grey matter”可知，学习其他语言会改变大脑灰质，故选B。
19．
词义猜测题。根据“They were cmpared with a grup f “early bilinguals” wh had learned a secnd language befre the age f five”可知，与一组很早就学会了第二语言的进行了比较，这些人不但会英语，还会其他语言，所以可推断出bilinguals表示“双语学习者”，故选A。
20．
推理判断题。根据“Scans shwed that grey matter density（密度）in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in peple withut a secnd language”可知，双语者的大脑灰质密度比不懂第二语言的人要高，D表述错误，故选D。
21．
主旨大意题。根据“The results shwed that the yunger they started t learn, the better”及全段的内容，可知，作者通过最后两段想告诉我们，早期学习第二语言对你学习其他科目有很大帮助，故选C。
22．A
23．B
24．D
25．A
【分析】
本文通过实验证明狗会听从类人机器人给予的指示，科学家认为通过研究狗对社会机器人的反应，可以帮助我们理解类人机器人可以影响人类的行为。
22．
主旨大意题。根据第二段“Researchers at Yale University’s Scial Rbtics Lab tested hw dgs respnded t instructins frm rbts. A grup f 34 dgs participated in the experiment, …Then the rbt r speaker wuld give a "sit" rder, which was the real test.” 可知为了测试狗是如何回应机器人的指示的，研究人员用34只狗进行了实验，机器人或真人用同样的声音叫狗的名字。然后机器人或真人会给狗一个指令“坐”；以此看狗对指令的反应。由此可知本段主要介绍这个测试是如何进行的。故选A。
23．
推理判断题。根据第三段“Hwever, they haven' t discvered what factrs (因素) might increase r decrease that likelihd.” 然而，他们还没有发现哪些因素可能增加或减少这种可能性。由此推断研究人员稍后可能会关注那些影响狗的反应的因素。故选B。
24．
推理判断题。根据第三段“Results f the experiments shwed that the dgs paid mre attentin t the rbt than the speaker.”可知实验结果表明，狗对机器人的专注程度高于真人。由此推断狗可以从机器人中理解社会意义。故选D。
25．
推理判断题。根据最后一段“the larger idea is that by studying hw dgs behave tward scial rbts relative t humans, it can help us understand bw scial rbts affect ur wn behavir, t.”可知更大的想法是，通过研究狗对社会机器人的反应，它可以帮助我们理解类人机器人可以影响人类的行为。故选A。
26．E
27．A
28．B
29．D
30．C
【分析】
互联网是一个我们可以自由交谈的地方，但随着人们更多地使用互联网，人们的汉语技能正在下降。为了提高我们的语言技巧，专家建议我们应该独立思考和发展自己的语言逻辑。
26．
根据“Accrding t a recent survey by China Yuth Daily, mre than 76 percent f yung peple in China said they felt their Chinese language skills have declined”可知，据《中国青年报》最近的一项调查显示，超过76%的中国年轻人表示他们的汉语水平有所下降，此处提及语言水平下降的现象，选项E“但我们也很少关注自己的语言能力是否在变差”符合语境，故选E。
27．
根据“It is believed that digital technlgy and Internet memes（表情包）have changed their cmmunicatin habits.”可知，人们认为数字技术和网络迷因已经改变了他们的交流习惯，此处提及人们的交流习惯，选项A“他们不再经常使用复杂的修辞技巧”符合语境，故选A。
28．
根据“‘cpy and paste（粘贴）’ culture is getting ppular.”可知，“复制粘贴”文化也越来越流行，选项B“人们只是简单地复制和粘贴互联网上的表达，而没有想太多”符合语境，故选B。
29．
根据“If teenagers adpt（采用）casual（非正式的）methds f expressin like emjis, they culd lse the ability t use wrds prperly.”可知，如果青少年采用像表情符号这样随意的表达方式，他们可能会失去正确使用文字的能力，选项D“当我们不加思考地使用表达时，就意味着我们已经懒得去表达我们的真实感受”符合语境，故选D。
30．
根据“T imprve ur language skills, experts suggest that we shuld try t think independently and develp ur wn language lgic（逻辑）.”可知，为了提高我们的语言技能，专家建议我们应该试着独立思考，发展我们自己的语言逻辑。此处提及专家建议，选项C“他们还建议我们应该读更多的文学作品”符合语境，故选C。
31．(R)iding
【详解】
句意：骑自行车上学对健康有好处。根据句中的“bike”及首字母提示可知，此处使用动词ride，表示“骑”；ride a bike骑自行车，固定搭配； be gd fr对……有益，固定短语；分析句子可知，此处表达的是骑自行车上学对健康有好处，动名词短语作主语；ride的动名词为riding，句首首字母大写。故填(R)iding。
32．wrst
【详解】
句意：这是我去过的最差的餐厅。它的菜式和服务一点都不好。根据空后I have ever been t“我去过的”可知这是表示范围，把作者去过的所有餐厅进行对比，再加上空前the，所以这里用形容词的最高级。根据下一句“Its dishes and service aren't gd at all.”可知这家餐厅的菜式和服务都很差；结合首字母w的提示可知，这里用“最差的”wrst。故填wrst。
33．(p)rtected
【详解】
句意：自然环境必须由所有人来保护，这样我们才能生活在一个更好的地方。根据句中的“The natural envirnment”及首字母提示可知，此处使用动词prtect，意为“保护”，即保护环境，符合语境；根 据句中的“by”及分析句子结构可知，句子使用了含情态动词 must的被动语态，其结构为：must be +动词的过去分词；prtect的过去分词为prtected。故填(p)rtected。
34．difficulties
【详解】
句意：尽管毛祥林遇到了许多困难，但他从未放弃修路。根据汉语提“困难”的英语表达是difficulty，是可数名词。因lts f接可数名词，需用名词复数形式。故填difficulties。
35．carelessly
【详解】
句意：杰克做作业做得如此粗心以至于他犯了很多错。careless粗心的，是形容词，修饰动宾短语did his hmewrk，用careless的副词，故填carelessly。
36．drpped
37．same
38．rse
39．peple’s
40．size
41．using
42．little
43．including
44．taken
45．sure
【分析】
本文主要介绍了中国有视力问题的学生越来越多以及政府采取了一些措施来保护学生们的眼睛。
36．
句意：当她发现自己的视力在一个学期内就从5.0降到了4.6时，她非常震惊。根据“frm 5.0 t 4.6”可知，从5.0到4.6，说明视力下降，此处使用drp，意为“下降”，符合语境；由“fund”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，谓语动词使用过去式；drp的过去式是drpped。故填drpped。
37．
句意：孙说：“最近，我有几个朋友也有同样的经历。” the same相同的，固定短语； the same experience表示“相同的经历”。故填same。
38．
句意：事实上，根据教育部的数据，2020年前六个月，中国中小学生视力不佳的比例从59.2%增加到了70.6%。根据“frm 59.2 percent t 70.6 percent”可知，从59.2%到了70.6%，说明数据增加了，此处使用rise，意为“增加”符合语境；根据时间状语“in the first six mnths f 2020”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，谓语动词使用过去式；rise的过去式为rse。故填rse。
39．
句意：主要原因是人们的生活方式发生了变化。根据“…lifestyles have changed”及分析备选词汇可知，此处使用peple表示人们的生活方式发生了变化，符合语境；lifestyles生活方式，可数名词复数；peple人们，可数名词复数，名词修饰名词，应使用名词所有格形式，peple的名词所有格为peple’s。故填peple’s。
40．
句意：例如，根据要求，学生教科书的文字大小不得小于小五号。根据句中“nine-pint”可知，此处使用size，表达文字的大小，符合语境。故填size。
41．
句意：据《北京日报》报道，教师还应避免使用过于明亮的投影仪或其他多媒体设备。根据句中“prjectrs（投影仪）r ther multimedia equipment”可知，此处使用use，表示使用投影仪或其他多媒体设备，符合语境。avid ding sth. 避免做某事，固定短语。故填using。
42．
句意：例如，这些灯应该发出尽可能少的蓝光。根据下文“Blue light is bad fr ur eyes…”可知，蓝光对我们的眼睛有害。由此说明此处使用little，意为“很少的”，表达的是这些灯应该发出尽可能少的蓝光。故填little。
43．
句意：我们每天使用的许多电子设备，包括我们的手机和电脑屏幕，都会发出蓝光。根据句中的“ur phnes and cmputer screens”可知，此处使用“包括”符合语境；include包括，动词，此处使用其现在分词including，用作介词，后面直接跟宾语，含有补充说明之意。故填including。
44．
句意：中国政府还采取了其他措施来保护中国学生的视力。take steps t d sth.采取措施做某事，固定短语；根据句子的“has”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，其构成为：have/has+动词的过去分词；take的过去分词为taken。故填taken。
45．
句意：2020年5月，国家卫生健康委员会敦促学校确保学生每天至少有两个小时的户外活动时间。make sure that确保，固定短语。故填sure。
46．He felt surprised.
47．Because there was dried plastic in it. / Because he had used the flask t hld liquid plastic and frgtten t wash it. / Because the dried plastic had kept the cracked glass frm falling apart.
48．It had an influence n tday's safety glass. / It was invented by Eduard Benedictus.
49．事故发生时，人们经常被飞溅的碎玻璃扎/砸伤。
50． wrte putting inventin
51．A great accidental inventin. / A careless accident can lead t an inventin.
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。介绍了1903年法国化学家Benedictus无意中制作出不会成碎片的玻璃，并介绍了汽车安全玻璃的发明过程。
46．
根据文中“Benedictus climbed dwn, expecting a mess, but he fund a surprise.”可知，当Benedictus看到破裂的玻璃瓶时，他感到惊讶。故填He felt surprised.
47．
根据文中“Then he'd put the flask aside and frgtten t wash it. The liquid plastic dried, s the flask lked empty. Benedictus realized the dried plastic had kept the cracked glass frm falling apart.”可知，玻璃瓶掉到石头地上时没有碎成百万块，是因为里面有干塑料；或因为他用烧瓶盛液体塑料，忘了洗；或因为干燥的塑料使破裂的玻璃不至于散开。故填Because there was dried plastic in it. /Because he had used the flask t hld liquid plastic and frgtten t wash it. /Because the dried plastic had kept the cracked glass frm falling apart.
48．
根据文中“I prduced my first piece f Triplex （the name fr his inventin）—full f prmise fr the future.”可知，关于Triplex，我们知道，它对今天的安全玻璃产生了影响；或它是Eduard Benedictus发明的。故填It had an influence n tday's safety glass. /It was invented by Eduard Benedictus.
49．
when当……时候；accidents事故；happened发生；peple人们；were ften hurt经常被伤害，一般过去时被动语态形式；by flying brken glass被飞溅的碎玻璃。故填：事故发生时，人们经常被飞溅的碎玻璃扎/砸伤。
50．
根据空后“in his diary,”可知，空一应是write，写；句子是一般过去时，动词应用过去式wrte。根据文中“Finally, Benedictus put sme liquid plastic between tw pieces f glass and pressed them tgether.”可知，空二的词应是put，放；因位于介词f之后，应用动名词形式putting。根据上文内容可知，是一次意外导致了一项发明，故空三应是inventin，发明。故填①wrte②putting③inventin。
51．
通读全文可知，文章主要是关于一个伟大的意外发明；或一次不小心的事故导致了一项发明。故填A great accidental inventin./A careless accident can lead t an inventin.
52．例文：
Hw t Get Wrking Spirit
A guideline n hardwrking spirit educatin came ut recently in rder t help mre students f different ages t get wrking spirit. As a middle schl student, I welcme it warmly.
Firstly, we shuld have hardwrking spirt classes t learn sme basic life skills at schl every week. Secndly, we can take part in ut-f-class activities such as planting trees r grwing vegetables t enrich ur real-wrld wrk experience. Als, we need try t d sme chres at hme, like tidying rms, washing clthes r cking sme dishes. Abve all, we culd frm gd wrking habits and value the imprtance f wrking hard thrugh ur experience.
In a wrd, the hardwrking spirit educatin is necessary and it helps t build us up.
【详解】
1.题干解读：该题目属于材料作文写作，要求按照所给的要点提示写一篇短文，介绍如何培养劳动精神。注意写作时要点要齐全，同时也可进行合理而又紧扣主题的发挥。
2.写作指导：本文应该用第一、三人称来叙述；时态采用一般现在时；文章开头已给出，写作时，注意承接上文，根据要点提示具体介绍培养劳动精神的方法：上劳动课、参加实践活动、学做家务以及养成良好的劳动习惯；文中一定要包含题干中列出的所有要点；可以运用一些短语和常用句型为文章增添色彩；注意单词书写的准确度，语法运用的准确度，上下文注意连接的流畅度，以及逻辑合理。
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