全国统考2022届高考英语一轮复习模块四五彩缤纷的从句三大从句和特殊句式第7讲定语从句讲义教案

这是一份全国统考2022届高考英语一轮复习模块四五彩缤纷的从句三大从句和特殊句式第7讲定语从句讲义教案，共9页。教案主要包含了小题快练，文章大意等内容，欢迎下载使用。

Ⅰ. 语法填空
1. (2020·全国Ⅰ卷)China first had t put a satellite in rbit abve the mn in a spt where it culd send signals t the spacecraft and t Earth.
2. (2020·全国Ⅲ卷)In ancient China lived an artist whse paintings were almst lifelike.
3. (2019·全国Ⅲ卷)They were well trained by their masters wh had great experience with caring fr these animals.
4. (2019·江苏高考)We have entered int an age when dreams have the best chance f cming true.
5. (2019·浙江高考)On the edge f the jacket, there is a piece f clth that/which gives ff light in the dark.
Ⅰ. 语法填空二谨记
1. 确定定语从句关系词的解题要领: 根据定语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词。
2. 关系词应遵循“缺什么, 补什么”的原则
(1)如果先行词指人, 定语从句中缺少主语, 限制性定语从句中用wh/that; 非限制性定语从句中用wh。
(2)如果先行词指人, 定语从句中缺少宾语, 限制性定语从句中用wh/that/whm; 非限制性定语从句中用whm。
(3)如果先行词指物, 定语从句中缺少主语或宾语, 限制性定语从句中用which/that; 非限制性定语从句用which。
(4)如果先行词指时间或地点, 定语从句中缺少时间状语或地点状语, 则用when或where; 如果缺少主语或宾语, 则用that或which。
(5)在“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句中如果先行词指人, 则关系词用whm; 如果先行词指物, 则用which。
Ⅱ. 短文改错
1. (2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Thank yu fr yur letter, what really made me happy. (what→which)
2. (2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Understanding her gd intentins, I eat all the fd what is prvided by Mm with appreciatin. (what→that)
3. (2019·全国卷Ⅰ) One afternn where I was in primary schl, I was walking by the schl playgrund. (where→when)
4. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)They als had a small pnd which they raised fish. (which→where或在which前加in)
Ⅱ. 短文改错二定法
1. 在短文改错中重点考查“介词+关系代词”, 关系副词和关系代词的混淆。
2. 慧眼识别短文改错中定语从句的4个易错点
(1)缺失关系词;
(2)定语从句中没有考虑关系词充当的成分;
(3)定语从句中谓语动词的单复数弄错;
(4)定语从句中介词漏用或错用, 介词后关系代词的错用。
定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中作定语, 修饰一个名词或代词, 有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词一览表
1. 限制性定语从句中, 只用that不用which的情况
(1)先行词是all, much, little, smething, everything, anything, nthing, nne等不定代词时。
※If I run int anything that might interest yu, I’ll send it yur way.
※We cannt say that nne that we saw n TV’s were true.
(2)先行词被the nly, any, few, n, very等修饰时。
※ After the fire in his huse, the ld car is the nly thing that he wned.
(3)先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。
※That is the best film that has ever been shwn s far in the city.
※When it cmes t Jinan, the first that cmes t mind is the spring water.
(4)先行词既有人也有物时。
※My mther and her ld friends talked f things and persns that they remembered in the schl.
(5)主句的主语是疑问词wh或which时。
※Wh is the persn that is standing at the gate?
2. 只用which不用that的情况
(1)关系代词前有介词时。
※This is the reference bk f which the teacher is speaking.
(2)引导非限制性定语从句时。
※Cruse’s dg, which was very ld nw, became ill and died.
3. 引导非限制性定语从句的as与which
※As is knwn t all, great changes have taken place in China.
※Jhn, as yu knw, is a famus writer.
※Tm was late fr schl again and again, which made his teacher very angry.
【小题快练】
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
①(2020·天津高考)Dr. Rwan, whse secretary resigned tw weeks ag, has had t d all his wn typing.
②(2018·北京高考)She and her family bicycle t wrk, which helps them keep fit.
③(2017·北京高考)The little prblems that we meet in ur daily lives may be inspiratins fr great inventins.
④As is knwn t all, China is a develping cuntry.
Ⅱ. 单句改错
①It was knwn t all, the Internet is playing an imprtant part in ur daily life. (It→As)
②Abve all, they hsted an American student last year, thrugh that they gained lts f experience. (that→which)
③There are many prblems when I am abrad alne, especially when I am in the Czech Republic, its fficial language is nt English. (its→whse)
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
在“介词+关系代词”结构中, 关系代词若是表示人, 就只能用whm; 关系代词若是表示事物, 就只能用which。 如:
※Where is the supermarket in which yu bught the laptp last week?
※D yu knw the lady with whm ur manager is talking in the ffice?
【点津】
在正式的文体中, “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句可紧缩成“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构。
※She had sme mney in the bank, with which she can help her mther.
※She had sme mney in the bank, with which t help her mther.
【小题快练】 单句语法填空
①(2020·江苏高考)Many lessns are nw available nline, frm which students can chse fr free.
②Many yung peple, mst f whm were well-educated, headed fr remte regins t chase their dreams.
③The by wants anther fifty cents with which t buy (buy)sme ice cream.
关系副词引导的定语从句
定语从句中关系副词有when, where, why, 代替前面的先行词, 在从句中作时间状语、地点状语、原因状语。
※She remembered clearly that day when she’d gne explring the rckpls.
※This is the twn where I was brn.
※I’m writing t explain t yu the reasn why I was absent frm yur lecture last time.
关系副词when, where, why根据情况有时可换成“介词+关系代词which”。
※There are ccasins when (=n which) ne must yield.
※Beijing is the place where (=in which) I was brn.
※Is this the reasn why (=fr which) he refused ur ffer?
【小题快练】 单句语法填空
①This is the reasn why I want her t cme t the meeting.
②(2019·浙江高考)We’ve gne t the ppsite extreme f a few decades ag when parents tended t be mre strict.
③(2019·天津高考)Their child is at the stage where she can say individual wrds but nt full sentences.
定语从句和分词短语作定语之间的相互转化
如果定语从句中先行词是从句的主语(即关系代词作从句的主语), 则这个定语从句可以转化为以过去分词或现在分词作定语的形式。同样的, 分词作定语也可以转化为一个定语从句。
谓语动词用主动语态的, 用现在分词作定语; 用被动语态的, 用过去分词作定语。 如:
※ We live in a huse which/that faces the suth.
→We live in a huse facing the suth.
※The first textbks that/which were written fr teaching as a freign language came ut in the 16th century.
→The first textbks written fr teaching as a freign language came ut in the 16th century.
Ⅰ. 语法填空
Fr 99 days, dctr never let up.
Zhu Huichang, a dctr wh has been in the fight against COVID-19 fr 99 days, said, “The experience is unfrgettable, and it’s 1. __________ hnr fr me t d my part as a dctr when the cuntry and its peple need me. ”
On Jan 27, he barded a plane t Wuhan, the epicenter f COVID-19 utbreak in China. “I didn’t hesitate fr a mment because I 2. __________ (think)abut it fr a lng time, ” Zhu said. Althugh his child bjected 3. __________ the decisin, his wife, wh is als a medical prfessinal, gave him strng supprt. “This is ur 4. __________(respnsible), ” she said. During his stay in Wuhan, all the COVID-19 patients they were respnsible fr recvered, he said 5. __________(prud).
One mre missin awaited. After Zhu returned t Fujian and cmpleted his 14-day quarantine(隔离期), he vlunteered n April 5 t serve with a medical team sent t the Philippines. “I had the experience 6. __________ I culd share with clleagues in the Philippines, ” Zhu said, 7. __________(add)that he wanted t make a cntributin t the wrld. In the Philippines, the medical experts spent entire days 8. __________(share)their experiences. “We wanted t cmmunicate 9. __________ we had learned abut treatment plans fr COVID-19 patients, ” he said. “I feel 10. __________(cnnect)t Wuhan and the Philippines nw, ” Zhu said.
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了卓慧昌医生令人难忘的经历, 他已经参与抗击新冠肺炎99天。他参与了武汉和菲律宾的医疗队, 为抗击新冠状病毒疫情作出了贡献。
1. 【解析】an。考查冠词。根据名词hnr 可知此处用冠词, 且由音标/ˈɒnə(r)/可知要用an修饰名词。
2. 【解析】had been thinking/had thught。考查时态。根据主句谓语didn’t hesitate可知从句谓语可用过去完成时或者过去完成进行时表示过去发生的动作, 且该动作还有可能继续。故填had been thinking/had thught。
3. 【解析】t。考查介词。固定短语bject t“反对”。故填t。
4. 【解析】respnsibility。考查名词。根据ur可知此处要用名词, 且respnsibility是不可数名词。故填respnsibility。
5. 【解析】prudly。考查副词。根据said 可知此处要用副词修饰动词。故填prudly。
6. 【解析】that/which。考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子成分可知, 此处是一个限制性定语从句, 先行词是experience, 指物, 且关系词在定语从句中作share with的宾语, 因此要用that/which。
7. 【解析】adding。考查非谓语动词。根据Zhu said可知此处要用非谓语动词, 且逻辑主语Zhu与add之间是主动关系, 因此要用现在分词。故填adding。
8. 【解析】sharing。考查固定搭配。固定短语spend time (in) ding sth. “花时间做某事”, 根据spent entire days可知此处用现在分词。故填sharing。
9. 【解析】what。考查宾语从句的引导词。句意: 他说: “我们希望交流我们对COVID-19患者治疗方案的了解。”根据wanted t cmmunicate可知后接宾语从句, 此处缺少宾语从句的引导词; 分析宾语从句成分可知, 主语是we, 谓语是had learned abut, 缺少宾语, 因此要用引导词what。
10. 【解析】cnnected。考查形容词。根据feel可知此处要用形容词作表语。故填cnnected。
Ⅱ. 短文改错
Recently we had a class meeting n the tpic f my dream. Sme mentin the Chinese Dream. And thers talked enthusiastically abut his understanding f the Chinese Dream. We are all believe that this dream will cme true in the future. I als talked abut my wn dream. I had always wanted t be a dctr. Nt nly can dctrs save peple’s life, but als they are ding a respectably jb. Dctrs can help peple t live a better life withut their prfessinal knwledge. T realize my dream, I shuld try t study hardly frm nw n. I must learn as much as I can get int a gd medical cllege, which I can prepare myself fully fr the jb f a dctr.
1. 【解析】第二句mentin→mentined。考查动词时态。根据时间状语Recently, 可知是发生在过去, 应用一般过去时, 故将mentin改为mentined。
2. 【解析】第三句his→their。考查代词。本句的主语是thers, 后面的形容词性物主代词应和其保持一致, 应用their, 故将his改为their。
3. 【解析】第四句去掉are。考查谓语动词。分析句子可知, 主语we和谓语相信之间为主动关系, 再根据句意, are是多余的, 故去掉are。
4. 【解析】第六句had→have。考查时态。根据句中always可知应该用现在完成时, 故将had改为have。
5. 【解析】第七句life→lives。考查名词。本句中peple是集体名词, 指人们, 后面的生命life也要变为复数形式, 故将life改为lives。
6. 【解析】第七句respectably→respectable。考查词性转换。分析句子可知, 本句的respectably修饰名词jb作定语, 应用其形容词形式, 故将respectably改为respectable。
7. 【解析】第八句withut→with。考查介词。根据句意, 可知本句应为用他们的专业知识帮助人们, 故将withut改为with。
8. 【解析】第九句hardly→hard。考查副词。分析句子可知, 努力学习为study hard, 而hardly意为“几乎不”, 根据句意, 故将hardly改为hard。
9. 【解析】第十句在第一个can后加t。考查不定式。分析句子可知, I must learn as much as I can后省略动词d, 和后面的动词之间应用不定式连接, 并且t get int a gd medical cllege在句中作目的状语, 故在can后加t。
10. 【解析】第十句which→where。考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。分析句子可知, which I can prepare myself fully fr the jb f a dctr为非限制性定语从句, 修饰先行词cllege, 定语从句的关系词在句中作地点状语, 应用where, 故将which改为where。
Ⅲ. 写作运用
补全下面写作, 注意定语从句的运用
1. As is universally knwn(众所周知), high schl life is an imprtant turning pint and 2. high schl campus is an imprtant place where students study and live(高中校园是学生学习和生活的重要场所). My classmates and I decided t d smething fr the cming graduatin. Having had a heated discussin, we agreed n making a vide t recrd 3. ur experiences at schl(我们在校经历).
Material cllecting tk us a whle week, 4. during which we interviewed ur teachers and tk pictures f every aspect f schl life(在此期间, 我们采访了我们的老师, 并拍摄了学校生活的各个方面). Sme cmprmises were unavidable, but the vide turned ut perfect. 5. That day when the vide was played(播放录像的那一天), it was well received. The students and teachers shared a great time, 6. which surely gave us a great sense f achievement(这当然给了我们很大的成就感). 关系代词
先行词
句法功能
wh
人
主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语
whm
人
宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
whse(=f
whm/f which)
人或物
定语
关系代词
先行词
句法功能
that
人或物
主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语
which
物
主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语
as
人或物
主语、宾语、表语
位置不同
表意不同
as
引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句前, 也可以放在主句后, 有时还可插入主句中
意为“正如……”, 后面的谓语动词多用see, knw, expect, say, mentin, reprt等
which
引导的非限制性定语从句通常放在主句之后
意为“这一点”或“这件事”等