全国统考2022届高考英语一轮复习模块四五彩缤纷的从句三大从句和特殊句式第9讲并列句和状语从句讲义教案

这是一份全国统考2022届高考英语一轮复习模块四五彩缤纷的从句三大从句和特殊句式第9讲并列句和状语从句讲义教案，共13页。教案主要包含了并列句，状语从句等内容，欢迎下载使用。

Ⅰ. 语法填空
1. (2020·全国Ⅰ卷)The far side f the mn is f particular interest t scientists because it has a lt f deep craters (环形山), mre s than the familiar near side.
2. (2020·全国Ⅲ卷)When/As he asked the villagers n the banks f the river where he culd find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pinted dwn the river.
3. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)On ur way t the huse, it was raining s hard that we culdn’t help wndering hw lng it wuld take t get there.
Ⅰ. 语法填空五谨记
1. 完整的句子中, 如果两个单词或短语并列, 要填并列连词;
2. 若两个句子(两个主谓结构)之间没有句号或分号, 也没有连词, 空格处必定填连词;
3. 牢记特殊句式中连词的运用;
4. 全面掌握九大状语从句的连接词, 熟悉它们的用法;
5. 准确判断主从句的逻辑关系, 同时要注意区分易混词。
Ⅱ. 短文改错
1. (2020·全国Ⅰ卷)I waited patiently unless the il was ht. (unless改为until/till)
2. (2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Actually, I started t learn kung fu when I was seven years ld, fr I have lng been ut f practice. (fr改为but/yet)
3. (2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Then I can spare sme time t learn it again, such that we can practice tgether every day. (such改为s)
Ⅱ. 短文改错二定法
1. 句间无连词, 增加连词;
凡是两个句子间没有句号、分号, 又没有连词时, 一定是漏掉了连词, 要根据两句之间的意义关系或逻辑关系, 增加一个适当的连词。
2. 句间多连词, 删除连词。
一、并列句
并列句
并列句由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。在并列句中, 这些简单句常由并列连词(短语)连在一起。
并列连词的用法
【点津】
(1)“祈使句+and/r+陈述句”句型是近年来高考的热点, 有时祈使句部分也可用名词短语。
※Hurry up, and yu will catch the early bus.
※One mre hur and we will get everything ready fr taking ff.
(2)下列句型中常用并列连词when:
①be ging t d sth. when. . . “正要做某事, 这时(突然)……”
②be abut t d sth. when. . . “正要做某事, 这时(突然)……”
③be n the pint f ding sth. when. . . “正要做某事, 这时(突然)……”
④be ding sth. when. . . “正在做某事, 这时(突然)……”
⑤had dne sth. when. . . “刚做了某事, 这时(突然)……”
【小题快练】 单句语法填空
①The manager was ill s I went in her place.
②She lks very yung, but she is already in her 30’s.
③He wants t be a writer, while I want t be a scientist.
④Will he still be there r will he have gne away?
⑤He nt nly gave us a lt f advice, but als helped us t study English.
⑥I was just leaving when the telephne rang.
二、状语从句
常见状语从句连词
1. 时间状语从句
(1)when, while与as引导的时间状语从句
※When I g t the cinema, the mvie had already started.
※While we were chatting she was reading cmics.
※Things are getting better and better as time ges n.
(2)befre与since引导的时间状语从句
※It wn’t be lng befre yu regret what yu have dne.
※It was sme time befre the dr pened in respnse t his ring.
※It has been tw years since he wrked here.
(3)表示“一……就……”含义的词(短语)引导的时间状语从句
①引导时间状语从句, 且表示“一……就……”含义的词或短语有as sn as, the mment, the minute, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, hardly/scarcely. . . when. . . , n sner. . . than. . . 等。
※He left the minute yu turned back t write n the blackbard.
※Directly the teacher came in everyne was quiet.
※The science f engineering began as sn as man learned t use tls.
②hardly/scarcely. . . when. . . , n sner. . . than. . . 中主句应用过去完成时, 从句应用一般过去时; 当n sner. . . 和hardly/scarcely. . . 位于句首时, 主句要用部分倒装。
※Hardly had the game begun when it started raining.
※N sner had the wrds been spken than he realized that he shuld have remained silent.
(4)until与till引导的时间状语从句
※Yu must keep n fighting until (till) the final victry belngs t yu.
※I wn’t g with yu until(till) I finished my hmewrk.
※Nt until we pinted ut their fault t them did they realize it.
(5)引导时间状语从句的其他常见连词(短语)
after, whenever, every time, each time, next time, the first/last time, any time, by the time, the day/year等。
※Every time I catch sight f myself in the mirrr, I feel s disappinted.
※By the time he gt there, his friends had already mved up nrth.
2. 条件状语从句
(1)条件状语从句的常见引导词
if, unless, as/s lng as, in case(万一), nce, n cnditin that, prvided/prviding(that), suppsing(that)等。
※ Yu will fail t arrive there in time unless yu start earlier.
※I can tell yu the truth n cnditin that yu prmise t keep a secret.
※He wn’t be against us in the meeting prvided that we ask fr his advice in advance.
(2)条件状语从句的时态
用一般现在时代替一般将来时, 用一般过去时代替过去将来时。
※If yu fail in the exam, yu will let him dwn.
3. 让步状语从句
※Althugh/Thugh he was exhausted, (still) he kept n wrking.
※Child as/thugh he was, he did quite well.
※We made a trip even thugh the weather was bad.
※ N matter what happened, he wuld nt mind.
(=Whatever happened, he wuld nt mind. )
4. 结果状语从句
(1)s. . . that中s后面跟形容词或副词。
※The by is s yung that he can’t d that by himself.
(2)such. . . that中such后面跟名词。
※It is such nice weather that we decide t g t the beach.
5. 原因状语从句
(1)because用来回答why的提问, 语气最强, 一般放在主句之后。
※—Why didn’t yu tell me, Archie?
—Because yu might have casually mentined it t smebdy else.
(2)since/nw that表示已知的理由、稍加分析即可表明的原因, 多放在句首。
※Since yu have started the jb, yu might as well finish it.
※Nw that we are all part f the glbal village, everyne becmes a neighbur.
(3)as引导的从句常放在句首, 说明次要的原因, 主句说明结果, 常用于口语中。
※The situatin remains cnfused as bth sides claim success.
【小题快练】 单句语法填空
①I didn’t give my name because if I did I thught yu might nt have cme.
②I was s tuched that I culdn’t sleep the whle night, and thught abut being a teacher in the future.
③—Hw lng d yu think it is since he arrived here?
—N mre than half a year, I believe.
④Unless these questins are slved, the regin will remain a pwder keg.
⑤It was nt until 1911 that the first f the vitamins was identified.
⑥Busy as/thugh she was, she spent sme time talking with me, helping me ut.
其他状语从句
1. 地点状语从句
(1)where与wherever意义基本相同, 但后者语气较强, 多用于书面语。
※The church was built where there had nce been a Rman temple.
※Wherever the film star ges, there are crwds f peple waiting t see her.
(2)地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。
※Where there is a will, there is a way.
2. 目的状语从句
(1)s that/in rder that引导的目的状语从句中需用情态动词can, culd等。
※Yu have t carry a bleeper s that they can call yu in at any time.
(2)fr fear that(唯恐, 以防)与in case引导的目的状语从句中, 谓语动词有时也用shuld/might/culd+动词原形。
※He was very cautius fr fear that he shuld be blamed fr anything wrng.
3. 方式状语从句
(1)as引导方式状语从句, 意为“按照”。
※She’s ld enugh t have the freedm t d as she likes.
(2)as if和as thugh的意义和用法基本一样; 从句中可以用陈述语气表示可能符合事实, 也可以用虚拟语气表示与事实相反。
※This time it lks as if we’re really ging t get smewhere.
※Lcal residents said it was as if there had been a nuclear explsin.
4. 比较状语从句
(1) as. . . as; nt s/as. . . as; the same. . . as表示相同程度的比较, 肯定句用as. . . as, 否定句可用nt as. . . as或nt s. . . as。
※The very first cann f nursing is t keep the air inside as fresh as the air utside.
※I have never seen s much rain as fell that February.
(2)than表示不同程度的比较, 主句中用形容词或副词的比较级。
※I cnsider nthing mre imprtant in my life than sngwriting.
【小题快练】 单句语法填空
①Huse prices vary frm place t place and are usually high where there are famus schls.
②Scientists have cllected mre data than expected.
③She desn’t play as well as her sister.
④Always d t the thers as yu wuld be dne by.
状语从句的时态呼应
1. 在when, as sn as, the mment, if, unless等引导的时间和条件状语从句中, 遵循“主将从现”的原则, 常常要用一般现在时表示将来的意义。
※I’ll telephne yu as sn as I get hme.
※We will nt attack unless we are attacked.
2. since引导的时间状语从句: 从句用一般过去时, 主句用完成时态或现在完成进行时态。
※Tw weeks has passed since the new term began.
※I have been missing her since she left.
3. n sner. . . than. . . , hardly/scarcely. . . when引导的时间状语从句: 从句中用一般过去时, 主句用过去完成时态。
※I had hardly cme int the rm when it began t rain.
※N sner had they finished a jb than the new task came.
4. 在by the time引导的时间状语从句中, 这个词组常用来指到某一时间为止, 主句常用完成时态。从句若用一般过去时, 主句则用过去完成时态。
※She had slipped int a cma by the time she reached hspital.
状语从句的省略和简化
1. 状语从句的“省略和简化”现象常存在于以下5种状语从句中:
①由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句;
②由althugh, thugh, even if/thugh等引导的让步状语从句;
③由when, while, as, befre, after, until/till等引导的时间状语从句;
④由as, as if等引导的方式状语从句;
⑤由as, than等引导的比较状语从句。
2. 状语从句省略必须同时具备下列两个条件:
①主句和从句的主语一致, 或从句主语为it;
②从句主要动词是be的某种形式。从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。
※When ( the museum is ) cmpleted, the museum will be pen t the public next year.
※If (it is) pssible, he will help yu ut f the difficulty.
3. 当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时, 从句可以将主语和be动词简化掉。常用于以下几种情形: 连词+形容词/名词/非谓语动词(ding/dne/t d)/介词短语。
※Wrk hard when (yu are) yung, r yu’ll regret.
※Althugh (he is) ding his best in maths these days, he has still gt n gd marks.
※Unless (yu are) invited t speak, yu shuld remain silent at the cnference.
※He std up as if (he were) t say smething.
【小题快练】
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
①Unless children believe they can succeed, they will never becme ttally cnfident.
②If yu miss this chance, it may be years befre yu get anther ne.
③Where he nce felt like giving up, he nw has the determinatin t push further and keep n ging.
④If yu dn’t understand smething, yu may research, study, and talk t ther peple until yu figure it ut.
⑤Fill in the applicatin as instructed.
⑥He mves mre slwly than his sister.
Ⅱ. 单句改错
①It wasn’t lng since I learned hw t develp respectful relatinships with my bsses and what tne f vice t use with kids. (since改为befre)
②I was s tired that I fell asleep at the mment my head tuched the pillw. (去掉at)
③While waited, I was reading sme magazines. (waited改为waiting)
④I’ll have my cmputer fixed immediately because f I need it badly fr my wrk. (去掉f)
⑤Yu shuldn’t cme t his party unless inviting. (inviting改为invited)
⑥There’ll be mre traffic jams and temperatures will cntinue t rise, s the prblems in ur envirnment will get even wrse, if we d smething nw. (if改为unless)
Ⅰ. 语法填空
Big Ben is the nickname fr the great bell f the clck at the nrth end f the Palace f Westminster in Lndn. Its sund is s well knwn 1. __________ it has ften been used in films. The Clck Twer was cmpleted in 1859 and the Great Clck started n 31 May, with the Great Bell’s strikes 2. __________ (hear) fr the first time n 11 July. It celebrated its 150th anniversary n 31 May 2009, during 3. __________ celebratry events tk place. The twer has becme ne f the mst utstanding 4. __________ (symbl) f bth Lndn and England.
The Clck Twer yu see tday is nt the first twer t be built in Parliament’s grund. The 5. __________ (rigin) twer was built in 1288—1290 during the reign f King Edward I. Unfrtunately 6. __________ big fire destryed mst f the Palace f Westminster. Architects 7. __________ (invite) t submit their designs and Sir Charles Barry’s was successful. Recnstructin f the Clck Twer began in September 1843. 8. __________ was designed in the Victrian Gthic style.
With time passing by, the tp f the Clck Twer is leaning ne-and-a-half fee ff a level psitin and 9. __________ (get) wrse each year nw, partly as a result 10. __________ decades f undergrund excavatin.
1. 【解析】that。考查结果状语从句。s. . . that. . . 为固定搭配, 意为“如此……以至于”, 故填that。
2. 【解析】heard。考查非谓语动词。在with的复合结构中, 介词宾语the Great Bell’s strikes与动词hear二者是被动关系, 即敲钟的声音被听到, 用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填heard。
3. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。本句是定语从句, 其中31 May 2009是先行词, 在定语从句中作介词during的宾语, 指物要用which, 定语从句中常把介词与关系词一起提到前面, 即介词+关系代词which, 表示在此期间。故填which。
4. 【解析】symbls。考查名词的复数形式。根据“ne f+名词复数”可知, 空格后要跟名词的复数形式。故填symbls。
5. 【解析】riginal。考查形容词。本空格修饰名词twer, 一般用形容词修饰名词, 故填riginal。
6. 【解析】a。考查不定冠词。此处是表示数量, 表示“一场”, 故填a。
7. 【解析】were invited。考查时态和语态。主语Architects与动词 invite二者是被动关系, 即设计师是被动, 表示设计师是“被邀请”要用被动语态; 本文叙述的过去的事, 要用一般过去时。综合可知, 空格处要用一般过去时的被动形式, 主语是复数, 故填were invited。
8. 【解析】It。考查代词。根据语境可知, 空格处指代上文中的the Clck Twer, 英语中常用it指代上文提到的事, 故填It。
9. 【解析】getting。考查时态。句末的时间状语nw和上文中is leaning的运用都表明应该填现在进行时, 强调动作现阶段正在进行。故填getting。
10. 【解析】f。考查介词。“as a result f. . . ”是固定搭配, 意思是“因为; 由于”, 故填f。
Ⅱ. 短文改错
Smile is a magic language that everyne can easily understand whenever he r she cmes frm. Smile is as the glden sunshine that brings warmth t peple and makes him happy. Smile is shrtest distance between peple and it is a gd way t shw ff friendliness t thers. Mre imprtant, smile cnveyed a kind f psitive energy t peple. When yu are happy, smile brightens yur face. When yu feel frustrating, yu shuld als smile t cheer yurself up. Smile can give yu cnfidences and make yu strng. Smiling at the wrld and the wrld will smile back!
1. 【解析】第一句whenever→wherever。考查连词。根据句意可知这里指无论来自哪里, 用wherever引导让步状语从句。故whenever改成wherever。
2. 【解析】第二句as→like。考查介词。当“像”讲时, as作连接词, 引导比较状语从句; like“像”作介词, 后面加名词等作宾语。故as改成like。
3. 【解析】第二句him→them。考查代词。这里指代前面的peple, 用复数。故 him改成 them。
4. 【解析】第三句shrtest前加the。考查冠词。形容词最高级前面用定冠词the。故shrtest前加the。
5. 【解析】第三句去掉 ff。考查动词辨析。shw用作及物动词是指“显示, 说明”, shw ff是“炫耀”的意思。故去掉 ff。
6. 【解析】第四句imprtant→imprtantly。考查副词比较级。在句子中作状语, 用副词形式。故 imprtant改成 imprtantly。
7. 【解析】第四句cnveyed→cnveys。考查时态。纵观全文使用一般现在时, 主语为smile, 所以此处应该用cnveys。故 cnveyed 改成cnveys。
8. 【解析】第六句frustrating→frustrated。考查过去分词。分词作定语时, -ed是用来形容人的感情, -ing是形容物体或事件的。本句的主语为yu, 所以形容词为frustrated。故frustrating改成 frustrated。
9. 【解析】第七句cnfidences→cnfidence。考查名词。cnfidence是抽象名词, 不可数。故cnfidences 改成cnfidence。
10. 【解析】第八句Smiling→Smile。考查固定句型。这里考查句型“祈使句+and+陈述句”, 所以用动词原形smile。故Smiling 改成Smile。
Ⅲ. 写作运用
补全下面写作, 注意连词使用。
Dear Peter,
Glad t hear frm yu 1. and yu’re welcme t China in July(欢迎你七月份来中国). I’m greatly willing t intrduce sme significant Chinese custms t yu.
Firstly, we greet each ther by saying “Hell” r asking such questins as “Where are yu ging? ” r “Are yu busy? ” t express ur care. Secndly, 2. when praised, we reply with “Oh, n! ” r “I’m ver-praised” t shw gd manners(当受到表扬时, 我们回答“哦, 不! ”或者“过奖了”来表现出礼貌). Additinally, 3. when receiving a gift, we usually say “It’s unnecessary” as well as “Thanks” t shw pliteness and then put it away(收到礼物时, 我们通常会说“没必要”, 也会说“谢谢”, 以示礼貌, 然后把它收起来). Finally, at dinner parties, we talk ludly and tuch glasses 4. when drinking t smene’s health r success(当我们为某人的健康或成功而喝酒时) t shw that we’re warm.
Anyhw, different cultures, different custms. 5. If yu d as the Rmans d when in Rme, yu’ll enjy mre f yur stay here(如果你入乡随俗, 你会在这里享受更多的时光).
I hpe what’s mentined abve might be helpful and wish yu a gd jurney.
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua用法
连词
例句
表并列、递进或顺承关系
and, bth. . . and. . . , neither. . . nr. . . , nt nly. . . but(als). . . , nt. . . but. . . 等
*He nt nly read the bk but als remembered what he had read.
表转折、对比关系
but, while等
*It ften rains in the suth, while it seldm rains in the nrth.
表选择关系
either. . . r. . . , r等
*Nw yu can have a rest r yu can g t the cinema.
表因果关系
fr, s等
*He fund it increasingly difficult t read, fr his eyesight was beginning t fail.
连词
从句谓语动词
用法指津
when
延续性动词
非延续性动词
从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生, 也可以先后发生; 当when引导的时间状语从句为系表结构, 而其主语和主句的主语一致, 其表语又是一个名词时, 就可以用由as引导的省略句来代替when引导的从句
while
延续性动词
从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生
as
延续性动词
强调主从句动作相伴发生, 可译为“一边……一边……; 随着”
连词
词义
常用句式
befre
在……之前; 还未……就……; ……才……; 趁……; 还没来得及……
①It will (nt) be+一段时间+befre. . . “(没有)过……(时间)才……”
②It was nt lng befre. . . “不久……就……”
③It was+时间段+befre. . . “过了……(时间)才……”
since
自从……以来
It is/has been+一段时间+since. . . (从句用一般过去时)
连词
位置
用法
注意事项
until
可以放
在句首
nt. . . until可用于强调句型
①until/till用于肯定句时主句的谓语动词是延续性动词, 用于否定句时主句的谓语动词是非延续性动词
②nt until位于句首时, 主句要用部分倒装
till
不可放
在句首
一般不用于强调句型
引导词
从句位置
语序
特别说明
althugh
灵活
正常
①althugh与thugh都可以与yet, still, nevertheless连用, 但不能和but连用
②thugh还可以作副词, 意为“可是, 然而”, 置于句末
③whever, whatever, whmever, whichever还可以引导名词性从句, 但“n matter+疑问词”不可以
thugh
灵活
正常或倒装
as
句首
倒装(即从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首, 若表语是单数名词, 前置时要省略冠词)
while
句首
正常
even if与
even thugh
灵活
正常
n matter
+疑问词/
疑问词+
ever
灵活
正常
whether. . .
r nt
句首
正常