2018高考英语语法填空类阅读练习及答案：侧重名词

这是一份2018高考英语语法填空类阅读练习及答案：侧重名词，共9页。试卷主要包含了用给出的词的适当形式填空，自己填写单词，with　考查介词，dates　考查主谓一致，It　考查代词，silently　考查副词，decisin　考查名词等内容，欢迎下载使用。
考点、热点回顾
题目要求
1.用给出的词的适当形式填空
2.自己填写单词
填写规则
要用适当形式填空，所给出单词必须有形式变化，因此一定是实词类。
要自己填写，就要保证答案的唯一性，因此一定是虚词类。
具体方法与考点
名词
名词的分类以及可数名词与不可数名词的区别
名词的分类
专有名词：独一无二，如：China，the Great Wall
个体名词：无法分割，如：desk，student
集体名词：个体组成，如：family，gvernment
物质名词：无固定的形状、大小、颜色，如：water，air
抽象名词：存在但看不见，摸不着，如：lve，experience
可数名词与不可数名词的区别
注意与汉语的区别，高考改错题常考点
如：knwledge，husewrk等
单复数形式意义不同的名词
experience经验 experiences经历
manner方式 manners礼貌
custm风俗 custms海关
wrk工作 wrks著作，工厂
wd木材 wds树林
sand沙子 sands沙滩
paper纸张 papers报纸，论文，试卷
glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼镜
名词的单复数
单数变复数的规则
注意以O和f/fe结尾的词变化
注意不规则变化
有些名词的复数属于不规则变化，需要考生在平时的学习中逐一记忆：child—children, ft—feet, tth—teeth, phenmenn—phenmena, x—xen, muse—mice, man—men, wman—wmen等。
总是表示复数意义的名词
1).集体名词peple, plice, cattle总是表示复数意义，不能说a peple, a plice, a cattle，但可以说a persn, a pliceman, a head f cattle。
The plice are searching fr the stlen by.
The cattle are feeding n the grassland.
2).有些名词只用复数形式：trusers, cngratulatins, thanks, gds, clthes, scks, shes, belngings, savings。
单复数同形的名词
有些名词的复数形式同原形。这些名词有：deer, sheep, fish, Chinese, Japanese, Swiss, li(里), jin(斤), yuan(元), mu(亩), means(方式，方法)等。
All pssible means have been tried.
Every pssible means has been tried.
对于单复数同形的名词，一定要从题中找出关键信息(如谓语动词的单复数形式)，来确定其到底是表示单数意义还是复数意义。
合成名词的复数
1）把主体名词变成复数，如：lkers－n, editrs－in－chief(总编辑), fathers－in－law(岳父)。
2）没有主体名词时，在词尾加－s，如：grwn－ups(成年人), g－betweens(中间人)。
E.改错中注意修饰名词的代词，如：
Many，much，few，little等
名词的所有格
所有格的构成
1．‘s所有格的构成
(1)通常在单数名词和不以－s结尾的复数名词的词尾加‘s，如：Jack’s bks, Children’s Day, the by’s bag, men’s rm, Tm’s dg, Jnes’s father, my brther’s bks, sheep’s skin。
(2)以－s结尾的复数名词，在词尾加‘，如：the students’ bks。
(3)作为一个整体的词组，一般在最后一个词的词尾加‘s，如：an hur and a half’s walk(步行一个半小时的路程)；a mnth r tw’s absence(一两个月的缺席)。
(4)以and连接的两个名词，表示共同所有时，在最后一个词的词尾加‘s，如：Kate and Mary’s father (Kate和Mary是姐妹俩)；表示分别所有时，在每个名词后分别加’s，如：Kate’s father and Mary’s father (Kate和Mary不是姐妹俩)。
【特别提醒】
不定代词后接else时，其所有格放在else之后。如：smebdy else's bag, smebdy else's bks。
2. Of所有格的构成
the＋所有物＋f＋(this, that，. the, my/their...)＋无生命之物。
所有格的用法
1.'s所有格的用法
1)常表示有生命的东西。如：Tm's birthday, the dg's wner。
(2)用于表示时间、距离、天体、度量衡与货币价值、国家、城市等。如：
①时间：a day's wrk(一天的工作)，tday's newspaper；
②距离：twenty minutes’ ride, five minutes’ walk, a mile’s distance；
③天体：the sun’s heat, the mn’s surface；
④度量衡与货币价值：ten dllars’ wrth, twenty punds’ weight；
⑤国家、城市等：China’s industry, the city’s develpment, the gvernment’s plan, China’s develpment。
(3)表示某人的家或店铺。如：at the dctr's在诊所，the tailr’s裁缝铺，the barber’s理发店，at my uncle’s在我叔叔家。
2.f所有格主要用于无生命的事物，也可以用于有生命的事物。如：the windw f the huse; a map f Japan; the name f the girl standing at the gate。
Des anyne knw the title f the nvel?
They have the supprt f peple f the develping cuntries.
注意一组词的区别
Five minutes’ walk
Five-minute’s walk
名词词性变化
其他词变名词的常见后缀
ment/in/ing/er/r/ist/ness/ce等
什么情况变名词
冠词+名词
物主代词+名词
数量词+名词
形容词+名词
名词的辨析
语法填空泛练
语法填空。 (2017·石家庄质检一)
Whenever Prince Gerge steps ut fr an engagement,like n the ryal tur f Canada,r pses fr 1. (ffice) phtgraphs,he nly ever wears shrts,2. has lng cnfused ryal watchers.
Accrding t William Hansn,3. expert in ceremny,there’s a very gd reasn fr this—and it has nthing t d 4. fashin,but rather a ryal traditin that 5. (date) back t the sixteenth century.A new brn baby wuld 6. (dress) in a gwn fr his first year r tw.Then he was “breeched(穿裤礼)” and wre articles f clthing like shrts.The usual custm is that a by graduates t trusers arund eight years ld.
With time 7. (change),middle class bys began t wear trusers but they are cnsidered suburban(土气的) by the upper.Hansn explains,“8. is a very English thing t dress a yung by in shrts.” The British upper are always keen t hld n t traditin,and this als 9.(silent) marks them ut frm “the rest”.Hwever,as fr William and Kate,the 10.(decide) t dress Gerge in shrts is mre likely dwn t traditin than a class issue.
【解题导语】本文为一篇说明文。每当乔治王子出去参加一个订婚仪式或为官方照片摆姿势时,他只穿短裤,这一直困扰着王室的观察家们。经礼仪专家研究发现,这种穿着打扮与时尚无关,而是一种可以追溯到16世纪的皇家传统。
1.fficial 考查形容词。应用形容词fficial修饰名词phtgraphs。
2.which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,本处应为非限制性定语从句,空处指代前面的“he nly ever wears shrts”这句话,应用关系代词which。
3.an 考查冠词。expert在文中第一次提到,应用不定冠词,且expert的读音以元音音素开头,故用an。
4.with 考查介词。此处为固定短语have nthing t d with sth.,意为“与……无关”,故用介词with。
5.dates 考查主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,此处为that引导的定语从句,先行词是a ryal traditin,是单数形式,故从句的谓语动词应用单数形式。
6.be dressed 考查动词的语态。A new brn baby和谓语dress之间构成动宾关系,故应用被动语态形式。
7.changing 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处考查with的复合结构,因time与change之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系,故此处应用change的现在分词形式changing。
8.It 考查代词。分析该句结构可知,动词不定式短语t dress a yung by in shrts做真正的主语,it做形式主语。
9.silently 考查副词。此处用副词silently修饰动词marks。
10.decisin 考查名词。由空前的the可知,此处应用decide的名词形式decisin。
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。
【2016高考训练】

One girl named Becky rde a big brwn hrse in the race events. She always wn the blue ribbns. Needless t say, she didn’t feel threatened when I cmpeted against her at the next shw. She didn’t need t. I came in next t last.
The stinging memry f Becky’s smirks made me determined t beat her. Fr the whle next mnth I wke up early every day and rde Cwby five miles t the arena (赛马场). We practiced running and jumping fr hurs in the ht sun and then I wuld walk Cwby hme ttally exhausted. All f ur hard wrk didn’t make me feel cnfident by the time the shw came. I sat at the gate and sweated it ut while I watched Becky and her hrse charge thrugh the curse and finish in first place.
My turn finally came. I put n my hat, rubbed Cwby’s neck and entered the arena. At the signal, we dashed tward the first fence, jumped it withut truble and raced n t the next ne. Cwby then flew ver the secnd, third and furth fences like a bird and I turned him tward the finish line. As we crssed the line the crwd was shcked int silence. Cwby and I had beaten Becky and her fancy hrse by tw secnds!
I gained much mre than a blue ribbn that day. At thirteen, I realized that n matter what the dds, I’d always cme ut a winner if I wanted smething badly enugh t wrk fr it.
1. The underlined expressin "shwn the gate" (paragraph 3) mst prbably means ______.
A. tld hw t enter the arena B. shwn hw t make the hrse beautiful
C. remved frm the cmpetitin early D. tld t enter the timed-speed events
2. When the final race finished, nbdy cheered because .
A. the audience didn’t like Cwby B. peple envied the writer
C. the win was unexpected D. the writer bad run ut f time
3. Why was the writer nt cnfident f victry?
A. He was an inexperienced rider. B. He had nt practiced enugh.
C. He believed he was unppular with the crwd.
D. He thught his hrse wasn’t as gd as the thers.
4. What did the writer learn frm his experience?
A. Life can smetimes be unfair. B. Anything is pssible if ne tries hard enugh.
C. A psitive attitude will bring success.
D. One shuld nt make judgments based n appearance.
参考答案1—4、CCDB
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。
【2016高考训练】
Last week, while visiting my dad with my daughter, we went t a restaurant fr dinner. When we were seated, my dad asked the waitress if there were any sldiers eating at the restaurant. Then waitress said there was a sldier having dinner with his friend. My dad tld the waitress t tell the sldier and his friend that their dinner was paid fr! He als said that he did nt want t be knwn as the benefactr(施主).
Then waitress later cmmented n my dad’s thughtful behavir saying that she had never seen anything like this befre. At a lcal cllege, she had studied pera and s she used this t thank my dad by perfrming a piece frm The Pearl Fisherman. Her vice brught me t tears because it sunded perfect!
After a while, the sldier appeared at ur table (I dn’t knw hw he knew my dad paid the bill fr him.) and said that he wuld be sent t the frnt the next mrning and that he culd nt leave this cuntry withut saying “thanks” t my dad. My dad replied that it was he wh wanted t say “thanks”. They shk hands as the sldier left.
Befre we left, the waitress came by again. She did a magic shw as anther way t shw her “thanks” t my dad. Her shw was really great. My dad left her a nte with email address asking fr her next perfrmance time in additin t a $ 50 tip.
Everyne witnessed smething exemplary(可作榜样的) in the human spirit that night. I can nly hpe t see mre f this in the future.
1. What did the sldier d in respnse t the authr’s father’s kindness?
A. He gave smething t authr’s dad. B. He gave a big tip t the waitress.
C. He said thanks t the authr’s dad in persn. D. He did a magic shw fr the authr and her father.
2. The authr cnsidered her father’s actin t be ____.
A. funny B. understandableC. wrthlessD. hnrable
3. Their passage mainly tells us that we shuld ____.
A. learn t be grateful t thers B. find ways t thank thers
C. try t learn frm each therD. respect sldiers and waitresses
参考答案1—3、CDA

构成方法
例词
一般情况在词尾加－s
cat—cats girl—girls page—pages
以s, x, sh, ch结尾的词在词尾加－es
bus—buses bx—bxes watch—watches
brush—brushes 但有例外：stmach—stmachs
以y结尾的专有名词或“元音字母＋y”结尾的名词变复数时，直接在词尾加－s
tw Marys three Henrys mnkey—mnkeys
hliday—hlidays by—bys
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，把y变成i加－es
baby—babies city—cities
factry—factries stry—stries
以O结尾有生命的词，在词尾加－es
tmat—tmates her—heres
ptat—ptates 但有例外：pht—phts
pian—pians
以结尾无生命的词在词尾加－s
radi—radis z—zs
以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f或fe为v加－es
knife—knives wife—wives half—halves leaf—leaves但仍有例外：belief—beliefs rf—rfs