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高中英语人教版 (新课标)选修7&8Unit 1 A land of diversity教案
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这是一份高中英语人教版 (新课标)选修7&8Unit 1 A land of diversity教案，共14页。
www.ks5u.com
单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）
词汇
部分
词语
辨析
1. means / way / method 2. percent / percentage
3. obvious / apparent/ evident / clear 4. hire / employ / rent
词形
变化
1. elect vt.选举，推举；选择vi. 进行选举，作出选择
election n.选举，推举，当选
elective adj.可任意选择的n.选修科目
2. immigrate vi. 移入
immigration n. 移民入境
immigrant n.移民，侨民
3. race n.赛跑；竞争；人种
v. 参赛
racial adj. 人种的，种族的
racism n. 种族歧视，种族偏见；种族主义
4. apparent adj. 显然的，明白的，表面上的
apparently adv. 显然，表面上地
5. punishment n. 罚，刑罚
punish vt. 惩罚，处罚
重点
单词
1. majority n. 大多数；大半
2. applicant n. 申请人
3. occur vi. 发生；出现；存在
4. indicate vt. 指出；标示；表明
5. slip vi. 滑动；滑行；滑跤 n. 滑倒；小过失；失误
6. insert vt.插入，嵌入
重点
词组
1. live on 继续生活或存在
2. make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等
3. keep up坚持；维持；沿袭古老的风俗﹑ 传统等；使某人不能去睡觉
4. team up with（与某人）一起工作（尤指为一共同目标）；合作
5. mark out 划线标出……界线
6. take in 包括；吸收；接纳；欺骗
7. a great/good many 相当多，很多
重点句子
1. California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population.
2. Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows.
重点语法
名词性从句（见语法部分）
语言要点（模块）
Ⅰ.词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料)
1. means / way / method
【解释】
means “方法、方式、工具”，着重于具体的手段。（单复数相同）
way “一般的方法、方式或个人的特殊方法方式”，与技巧或效果的好坏无关。
method “有系统的、有效率的精心拟定的方法”，也可以指抽象概念“条理”。
短语搭配：做……的方法：a way to do sth.／a way of doing sth. / a method of doing sth.；用这种／些方法：in this way / with the method / by this means；用……方法，借助……：by means of... 无论如何：by all means；一点也不，决不(用于句首句子需倒装) ：by no means；by the way顺便问一下；on one’ s way to…在去……的路上；in the way 挡住路
【练习】用means，way，method填空。
1). These vegetables can be cooked in different _______.
2). Only in this _______ can you find out the truth.
3). By this _______ I get in touch with him.
4). We express our thoughts by _______ of words.
5). ______ _______ _______ shall I lend him money!
6). The methods of _______ (teach) need _______ (improve).
Keys: 1). ways 2). way 3). means 4). means 5). By no means
6). teaching; improving / to be improved
2. percent / percentage
【解释】
percent 表示“百分之……”，相当于“％”，其前面往往是一个具体的数字。
percentage 表示“百分比；百分率”，前面不能是具体数字，只能被high，low等修饰。
【练习】用percent，percentage填空。
1). I am a hundred ________ in agreement with you.
2). This company only supply 30 ________ of what we need.
3). The numbers are small, in _________ terms, but significant.
4). There used to be a high _________ of babies that diet scarlet fever every year.
Keys: 1). percent 2). percent 3). percentage 4). percentage what percentage
3. obvious / apparent/ evident / clear
【解释】
obvious意为“某东西具有显著特点，不需费力就可觉察到，常用于一目了然的事物”。
apparent意为“表面看起来很明显，而实际情况未必如此”。
evident意为“有证据作出合理判断，考虑到各种事实、条件后而显得明显”。
clear意为“不存在使人迷惑或使问题复杂化的因素”。
【练习】用obvious，apparent，evident，clear填空。
1). It was an ________ mistake for him to have gone alone.
2). The situation is ________ to everyone.
3). It was becoming increasingly _________ that he disliked me.
4). The applause made it _________ that the play was a hit.
Keys: 1). obvious 2). clear 3). apparent 4). evident
4. hire / employ / rent
【解释】
hire是日常用语，指按工作量或时间雇用人或租借东西，有“花钱使用某物”和“把某物使用权出让给别人以收取费用”之意；多指临时租用某物。如：hire a boat，a car，a camera，a bicycle，an evening dress，a hall for a meeting等，指人时，有“雇用”、“受雇”两种含义。
employ较正式，多指商店或公司长期雇用人手；受雇人员较广，甚至包括社会地位较高
的职业人员，有“聘请”之义；也可以解释为“忙于，从事”常用于be employed in sth. / doing sth. 短语中。 注：要弄清 employ 几个名词的用法：employee (雇工，雇员)，employer (户主，东家)，employment (就业，雇用)。
rent一般指租借房屋、地产(租借出去)；也有“花钱使用某物”和“把某物使用权出让给别人以收取费用”之意；多指用于长时间的场合。如：rent a house，a flat，a TV等。rent还可作名词，意为“租金；租费”。
【练习】用hire，employ，rent填空。
1). Our house has been ________ by a newly-married couple.
2). It’ s important to ________ proper words in writing poem.
3). They _________ ________ in writing when I came.
4). They ________ out boats by the hour.
5). We ________ a driver to take us on a tour of the city.
Keys: 1). rented 2). employ 3). were employed 4). hire 5). hired
Ⅱ.词性变化（旨在提供语法填空所需材料）
1. elect vt.选举，推举；选择vi. 进行选举，作出选择
election n.选举，推举，当选
elective adj.可任意选择的n.选修科目
2. immigrate vi. 移入
immigration n. 移民入境
immigrant n.移民，侨民
3. race n.赛跑；竞争；人种
v. 参赛
racial adj. 人种的，种族的
racism n. 种族歧视，种族偏见；种族主义
4. apparent adj. 显然的，明白的，表面上的
apparently adv. 显然，表面上地
5. punishment n. 罚，刑罚
punish vt. 惩罚，处罚
【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。
1). In America, presidential ________ (elect) are held every four years.
2). They deserve to ________ (punish) for putting passengers at risk.
3). She had to tidy the classroom as ________ (punish) for being late.
4). She was the daughter of Chinese ________ (immigrate) to America.
5). There was a sudden increase ________ (immigrate) in from Eastern Europe.
6). He is a victim of ________ (race) discrimination.
7). She turned to face him, her anger ________ (apparent) gone.
8). Their motives, as will soon become _______ (apparently), are completely selfish.
Keys: 1). elections 2). be punished 3). punishment 4). immigrants
5). immigration 6). racial 7). apparently 8). apparent
Ⅲ.重点词汇（旨在提供词汇综合运用所需材料）
1. majority n. 大多数；大半 major adj.&n. 较大的，主要的；主修，专攻
(反义词minority少数；少数民族)
1). A / The majority of doctors agree that smoking is extremely harmful to health.
大多数医生认为吸烟对健康极为有害。
2). The majority was/were in favour of the proposal. 多数人赞成这个建议。
be in the/a majority 构成大部分/大多数 a majority over sb 超过对方的票数
按要求填空或翻译。
1). English speakers form the ________ (大多数) of the population.
2). Among the members of the committee those who favour the proposed changes are _______ (介词) the majority.
3). They had a large majority _______ (介词) the other party at the last election.
4). The majority of people _________ (prefer) peace to war.
5). The majority of the damage _________ (be) easy to repair.
Keys: 1). majority 2). in 3). over 4). prefer / prefers 5). is
2. applicant n. 申请人 application n. 申请(书)；应用；用途 apply v. 申请；运用，适用
1). We had 250 applicants for the job. 有250人申请这份工作。
2). As the wages were low, there were few applicants for the job. 因为工资低, 没有什麽人申请这份工作。
apply for... 申请…… apply to... 适用……
fill in the application form for sth. 填写……申请表
根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
1). Successful _________ (apply) will receive notification within the week.
2). This rule can’ t be applied ________ (介词) every case.
3). You should ________ ________(申请) the job immediately, in person or by letter.
4). The question in the second half of the form _________ ________ (适用) married men only.
Keys: 1). applicants 2). to 3). apply for 4). apply to
3. occur vi. 发生；出现；存在
1). The tragedy occurred only minutes after take-off. 这一悲剧在起飞后几分钟内就发生了。
2). Didn’ t it occur to you that he might be late? 你当时没有想到他可能会迟到吗?
occur to... (主意) 浮现于脑海中；被想到；被想起；（某人）想到……
根据句子的意思填空或翻译。
1). The possibility that she might be wrong never even ________ ________ her.
2). A good idea _______ _______ him.
3). ___________________________________ (他从没想到) he might be falling in love with her.
Keys: 1). occurred to 2). occurred to 3). It had never occurred to him that
4. indicate vt. 指出；标示；表明indication n. 指出；表明indicative adj.指示的；暗示的
1). I asked him where my sister was and he indicated the shop opposite. 我问他握姐姐在哪，他指指对面的商店。
2). Research indicates that men find it easier to give up smoking than women. 研究表明男人感到比女人更容易戒烟。
indicate sth (to sb) 指示；指出；标示 indicate that/wh-表示……；示意……
根据句子的意思，在括号里填入适当的词。
1). The government has ________ (表明) that it intends to cut taxes.
2). A flashing red light ________ (标示) that a stretch of road was undergoing repairs.
3). There is every ________ (indicate) of a change in the weather.
Keys: 1). indicated 2). indicated 3). indication
5. slip vi. 滑动；滑行；滑跤 n. 滑倒；小过失；失误 slippery adj. 滑溜的
1). My foot slipped and I nearly fell. 我的脚一滑，差点跌到。
2). She slipped into the room when no one was looking. 她趁无人注意的时候溜进了房间。
let slip... 错过……；无意中说出 let sth. slip through your fingers错过(机会)，失去(机会)
a slip of the tongue 口误
根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
1). She ________ ________ (无意中说出) that she was intending to leave the company.
2). As the years _________ by, I thought more and more about him.
3). Drive very carefully; the roads are wet and ________ (slip).
Keys: 1). let slip 2). slipped 3). slippery
6. insert vt.插入，嵌入
He inserted a key into a lock. 他把钥匙插进锁中。
insert sth (in/into/between sth) 插入、放入、置入或嵌於某物或某两物间
根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词。
1). She inserted an additional paragraph ________ an essay.
2). Insert your fingers ________ the layers and press them apart.
Keys: 1). in 2). between
Ⅳ.重点词组（旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1. live on 继续生活或存在
She lived on for many years after her husband died. 丈夫死後她继续活了多年。
live短语：
live on sth 以某物为食；靠某种经济来源生活 live by doing sth 靠做某事物为生
live for sth 以某事物为生活目标 live through sth 经历某事物而幸存
live together 在一起生活；同居 live up to sth 依照某事物行事；表现出符合某事物的标准
live with sth 接受或容忍某现象 live to be... = live to the age of... 活到……岁
live a... life 过着……的生活
根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的live短语。
1). The lonely old man _______ _______ charity.
2). Mozart is dead but his music _______ _______.
3). My grandfather _______ _______ both world wars.
4). We should work hard and try to _______ _______ _______ our parents’ expectations.
5). The brave girl is learning to _______ _______ her disability.
Keys: 1). live on 2). lives on 3). lived through 4). live up to 5). live with
2. make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等
They settled down in Canada and made a life for themselves. 他们在加拿大定居下来，习惯新的生活方式。
life短语：
bring sb/sth (back) to life 给某人/事物的活力；使复活 lay down one’ s life (for sb/sth) 为……献身；牺牲生命
lead a dog’ s life 过狗一般的生活（长期忧虑、痛苦或悲伤）make one’ s way in life 在生活中有所成就
take one’ s (own) life: commit suicide 自杀 put an end to one’ s life: kill oneself 自杀
take sb’ s life: kill sb 取某人性命 a/sb’ s way of life（某人的或某些人的）生活方式
a walk of life 行业；职业；阶层 to the life 逼真
end one’ s days/life (in sth)（处於某状况下或在某处）度过余生
根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的介词或翻译。
1). He laid down his life _______ the cause of freedom.
2). They interview people from _______ _______ _______ _______ (各行各业的人).
3). She adapted easily to the French _______ _______ _______ (生活方式).
Keys: 1). for 2). all walks of life 3). way of life
3. keep up坚持；维持；沿袭古老的风俗、传统等；使某人不能去睡觉
1). You’ re all doing a splendid job; keep up the good work! 你们干得都很出色, 要坚持下去!
2). I do hope we’ re not keeping you up. 我希望我们没有耽误你睡觉。
keep短语：
keep up with sb/sth. 跟上（某人/某事物）；（与某人/某事物）同步前进或保持联系；跟上（形势）
keep (on) doing sth. 继续做某事物；重复做某事物 keep away from（使某人/事物）不靠近某人/事物
keep sb back from sb/sth（使某人）与某人/事物保持距离 keep sth. back 阻止某事物
keep oneself/sb from sth/doing sth 使自己/某人不能做某事物keep sth from sb 不将某事告诉某人
keep off (sb/sth) 不接近或不接触某人/事物 keep sb/sth out (of sth) 不让某人/物进入（某处）
keep in touch with保持与某人的联系 keep fit 保持健康
根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。
1). The high cost of raw materials is keeping prices _______ (副词).
2). She likes to keep up _______ (介词) the latest fashions.
3). The house is becoming too expensive for them to ________ ________ (维修).
4). We should try to ________ ________(沿袭) our old customs.
5). Police warned bystanders to ________ ________(不靠近) the blazing building.
6). I think we ought to ________ ________ ________ ________ (不把实情告诉他) until he’ s better.
Keys: 1). up 2). with 3). keep up 4). keep up 5). keep away from 6). keep the truth from him
4.team up with（与某人）一起工作（尤指为一共同目标）；合作
The two companies have teamed up to develop a new racing car. 那两个公司已合作研制新型赛车。
根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。
He _______ _______ _______ (与某人一起工作) his brother in the doubles.
Keys: teamed up with
5. mark out 划线标出……界线
Please mark out the sentences that you don’ t understand with a red pen. 请用红笔标出你不懂的句子。
be marked with... 标记着……
根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。
1). I’ ve lost a case _______ _______ (标记着) “IX” on its back.
2). She carefully _______ _______ (划线标出) the important phrases and sentence patterns.
Keys: 1). marked with 2). marked out
6. take in 包括；吸收；接纳；欺骗
1). The students find it easy to take in what you teach. 学生发现你的课很好懂。
2). He had nowhere to sleep so we offered to take him in. 他没地方可以睡，我们于是就提出让他留宿。
take 短语：
take apart拆开；剖析，抨击(论点等) take down拿下，取下；拆卸；记下
take back取回，带回；收回说过的话；使…回忆起昔日 take care of 照料，保管
take up开始从事；占用(时间或空间)；着手处理 take medicine服药
take it easy别紧张，慢慢来 take over继承，接收，接管
take off脱下(衣服等)；起飞 take on承担，从事；呈现
take one’ s place入座；代替某人的位置 take one’ s time不急，慢慢干
用与take相关的短语填空。
1). Don’ t be _______ _______ by his promises.
2). Who do you think will ________ ________ now that the governor has been dismissed?
3). These boxes of yours are ________ ________ too much space.
4). 1 was really _______ _______ when seeing old photos.
5). Dear ladies and gentlemen，please now _______ _______ _______.The opera is soon to begin.
6). Tom carefully ________ ________what the teacher said
Keys: 1). taken in 2). take over 3). taking up 4). taken back
5). take your place 6). took down
7. a great/good many 相当多，很多
It all happened a good many years ago. 这发生在很多年前。
a great/good many
a large number of
scores of
dozens of
many/few
修饰可数名词复数
many a
修饰可数名词单数
a good/great deal of
a large/great amount of
large amounts of
much / little / a little
修饰不可数名词
a lot of = lots of
plenty of
a large/great quantity of = quantities of
a supply of = supplies of
可数名词复数/不可数名词
根据句子的要求翻译。
1). I’ ve known her for _______ _______ _______ (很多) years.
2). I imagine if one day I had _______ _______ _______ _______ (很多) money, I would go traveling round the world.
Keys: 1). a great/good many 2). a good/great deal of 或a large/great amount of
Ⅴ.重点句子 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）
1. California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. 加利福尼亚是美国第三大洲，但有着最多的人口。
形容词的最高级前面可以被序数词以及by far，much，almost，nearly，not quite等词修饰。
翻译句子。
1). 黄河是中国第二长河。
____________________________________________________________________________________
2). 亚洲是世界上最大的洲。
____________________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1). The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
2). Asia is by far the largest continent in the world.
2. Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. 没有人知道确切在什么时候第一批移民者到达我们今天所称为加利福尼亚的地方。
what we now know as California是一个由what引导的名词性从句，做arrive in的宾语, what是复合关系代词，相当于the thing(s)that，因此，在名词性从句中可以用the thing(s)that取代的，应该用what。
注意1：名词性从句中what与that的区别：that在名词性从句中不起句子成分的作用，what必须起句子成分的作用。
注意2：名词性从句中what与which的区别：指代前文已经提到过的对象或范围时，用which，否则用what。
What he said sounds reasonable. (what作said的宾语)
That our team has won the game has been proved. (That在主语从句中不起句子成分的作用)
There are many books available. I don’ t know which to read. (which指的是前文提到的books的其中一本)
What book do you want to buy ? (前文没有提及买什么书或哪一类书)
根据句子的意思填词。
1). This is ________ he wanted.
2). This is the thing ________ he wanted.
3). She is no longer ________ she used to be.
4). She is no longer the person ________ she used to be.
Keys: 1). what 2). that 3). what 4). that
课文要点（模块）
Ⅰ.课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）
根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：
California is the _____1_____(three)largest state in the USA but has the largest population. It has _____2______ (attraction) people from all over the world. No one really knows when the first people arrived in ______3____ we now know as California. Now there are more Native Americans _____4_______ in California than in any other state. California _____5________(统治) by Spain and there is still a strong Spanish ______6_____（影响） in the state. People began _____7______（settle） in California when gold _____8_______(发现)there. But people from Africa have been living there. It is believed that before long the mix of _____9______（国籍） will be so great that there will be no major racial of cultural groups, but simply a ____10______（mix） of many culture
答案： 1.third 2.attracted 3.what 4.living 5.was ruled 6.influence 7.settling 8.was discovered 9. nationalities 10. mixture
Ⅱ.课文大意概括 （旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力）
阅读课文，试着用30来个单词概括课文大意或翻译下面短文。
整篇文章分别介绍了美洲土著人，西班牙人，俄罗斯人，金矿工人，后来移民与未来移民及解释为什么加州是一个多民族，多文化的地方。
The whole passage introduced __________________________________________________________
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答案：The whole passage introduced the native Americans, the Spanish, Russians, gold miners, later arrivals and future immigrants and explain why California is a multi-ethnic, and multi-cultural place.
Ⅲ.课文佳句背诵与仿写 （旨在培养对难句的理解和写作能力）
1.【原句】Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. 最早一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在了解的加利福尼来地区的，谁也说不清楚。
句子结构：状语从句 + what从句，+ 主句
【模仿1】当我们把它和我们称之为 “大哥大”相比，我们发现新的移动电话携带轻便，小巧，价格便宜。
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答案： When we compared it to what we called “Da Ge Da”, we found new mobile phones are light and small to carry with a low price.
【模仿2】当我们到达人们称之为小鸟天堂的地方时，我们兴奋地发现数千种鸟类定居在那。
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答案： When we arrived at what people call Bird Paradise, we were excited to find thousands of kinds of birds are settling there.
2．【原句】Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in 1860s. 虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始来到（美国），但是更大批量的中国移民却是在19世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。
句子结构：让步状语从句+强调句
【模仿1】虽然他妹妹和他没有血缘关系，但是洪战辉他自己坚持背她上大学，这件事感动了整个中国。
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答案：Although his young sister has no blood relationship with him, it is Hong Zhan Hui himself that insists on carrying her on his back to college, which moves the whole China.
【模仿2】虽然我的日常生活十分单调，但是我的努力使我适应新的校园生活。
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答案：Although my daily life is extremely monotonous, it is my hard work that makes me adapt myself to the new life on campus.
3. 【原句】It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures. 人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以至于不可能存在一种主要的种族或文化群体，而只是多种族，多文化的混合体。
句子结构：It is +V-ed +that从句；so…that…
【模仿1】据报道2008奥运福娃的英文名已经从 Friendlies 改为 Fuwa , 它易发音，易记忆， 很受人们的欢迎。
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答案：It is reported that the English name of the five mascots of the 2008 Olympics has changed from “Friendlies” to “Fuwa”, which is so easy to pronounce and remember that it is popular with all the people.
【模仿2】人们普遍认为书的影响是如此之大以至我们的父母总是鼓励我们养成良好的阅读习惯，阅读更多的书籍，但是我们必须非常注意书的选择。
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答案：It is commonly believed that the influence of books is so important that our parents always encourage us to form good habits of reading and to read more books, but we must pay great attention to the choice of books.
单元自测 （模块）
1完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1—10各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
词数：186
完成时间：14分钟
难度：***
The mobile phone has created a new way of life. It gives us the opportunity to 1 people when and where we like. But when mobile phones become as commonplace as wristwatches, it seems they are creating 2 situations.
People let their phones ring in restaurants, theatres or business meetings. People 3 discuss very personal issues over their phones while strangers are around them. People spend all their time in the 4 of friends paying more attention to those at the other end of their mobile phones. By now, everyone knows that mobile phone etiquette is a 5 problem.
These are tips for being a good 6 citizen. Firstly, remember to 7 your phone is off at activities. Secondly, 8 the people around you when you make or take calls in public. Thirdly, don't answer your cell phone while talking with another person unless that phone is more 9 than the person you are with. Follow these rules and you'll be a 10 mobile phones user by being considerate to others.
1. A. approach B. reach C. arrive D. extend
2. A. embarrassing B. strange C. extraordinary D. complex
3. A. further B. loudly C. openly D. briefly
4. A. presence B. existence C. absence D. appearance
5. A. basic B. technical C. real D. behavioral
6. A. mobile B. telephone C. medium D. average
7. A. check B. control C. stop D. test
8. A. appreciate B. respect C. observe D. watch
9. A. valuable B. excellent C. important D. worth
10. A. large B. responsible C. regular D. current
答案：
1．B．手机让我们在任何时候，任何地点，只要愿意郎能找到你要找的人。
2．A. 然而手机也会让人处境尴尬。
3．B．很大声地用手机谈论个人问题。
4．A. 当着朋友们的面。
5．C. 手机礼节真是一个问题了。
6．A. 作为一个讲礼貌的手机使用者。
7．A. 检查你的手机是否已经关机。
8．B．公共场所打电话、接电话时尊重你周围的人。
9．C. 除非你要接的电话比你身旁的人更
10．B．是一个负责的手机使用者。
2语法填空
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为1—10的相应位置上。
词数：168
完成时间：8分钟
难度：***
The Whites live in a big city. They have a son 1 (name) Tom. His hobby is reading. When he comes home from school, he always goes to his room and just reads books. He 2 plays outdoors.
One day, Mrs. White said to her husband," 3 is not good for Tom's health to live in the city all the time." They found a small house in the country. They took him there 4 a vacation. They left home at 8 5 got there at 11 in the morning. 6 they reached the house, his mother said," 7 clean the air isl "she said to Tom, " We are going to stay here for a week." Tom ran into the house. A few minutes 8 , he ran back to his mother and said, "I can't find 9 desk." His mother answered, "We came here 10 (spend) our vacation in the country. You must play outdoors and not read books here. Enjoy your vacation! "Tom cried, "Oh, how terrible!"
答案：
1．named 过去分词短语作定语，a son named Tom 意为“一位名叫汤姆的儿子”。
2．never／hardly 完全否定，意为“从来不”。
3．It 考查It is十adj．十to do sth．的句型结构，It作形式主语。
4．for 此处表目的，for a vacation表度假。
5．and 表并列关系，连接left home 和got there两个动词短语。
6．When 考查由When引导的时间状语从句：
7．How How 引导的感叹句。
8．later a few minutes later意为“一会儿后”。
9．a 不定冠词，泛指一张桌子。
0．to spend 动词不定式短语作目的状语。
3阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
词数：254
完成时间：6分钟
难度：**
Science Daily (Apr. 27, 2008)-- Dutch ecologist Roxina Soler and her colleagues have discovered that subterranean (地下的) and aboveground herbivorous (食草的) insects can communicate with each other by using plants as telephones. Subterranean insects issue chemical warning signals through the leaves of the plant. This way, aboveground insects are warned that the plant is already "occupied".
Aboveground, leaf-eating insects prefer plants that have not yet been occupied by subterranean root-eating insects. Subterranean insects send out chemical signals through the leaves of the plant, which warn the aboveground insects about their presence. This messaging makes it possible for spatially-separated insects to avoid each other, so that they do not compete for, the same plant.
In recent years it has been discovered that different types of aboveground insects develop slowly if they feed on plants that also have subterranean insects and 'vice versa (反之亦然). It seems that a mechanism (机制) has developed through natural selection, which helps the subterranean and aboveground insects to communicate with each other. This avoids unnecessary competition.
Through the "green telephone lines", subterranean insects can also communicate with a third party, namely the natural enemy of caterpillars (毛虫). Parasitic wasps (寄生蜂) lay their eggs inside aboveground insects. The wasps also benefit from the signals sent by the leaves, as these help them find more insects for their eggs.
The communication between subterranean and above- ground insects has only been studied in a few systems. It is still not clear how widespread this phenomenon is, say the researchers.
1. How do subterranean and aboveground insects communicate with each other?
A. By sending signals through the leaves.
B. By giving off particular smells.
C. By making soft and beautiful sounds.
D. By the signals sent by parasitic wasps.
2. After finding a plant occupied by root-eating insects, aboveground insects will usually ________.
A. send out warning signals
B. compete for the same plant
C. choose to leave the plant
D. fight with the root-eating insects
3. Aboveground insects will develop more quickly if their food plants ________.
A. are often visited by parasitic wasps
B. are not occupied by mot-eating insects
C. have more green leaves
D. have more subterranean insects
4. What does the underlined part "a third party' in Paragraph 4 include?
A. Aboveground insects. B. Root-eating insects.
C. Caterpillars. D. Parasitic wasps.
5. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. Communication between different insects
B. How do animals avoid competition?
C. Insects use plants as telephones
D. When plants have subterranean residents
答案：
荷兰科学家研究发现：地下昆虫可以通过植物的叶子释放化学物质，作为信号对地上昆虫进行警告，从而避免对同一植物的竞争。
1. A 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句Subterranean insects issue chemical warning signals through the leaves of the plant可知，地下昆虫能通过植物的叶子发出一种化学物质，作为信号对地上昆虫进行警告。故选A。
2. C 细节推理题。第二段第一句Aboveground, leaf-eating insects ．．． root-eating insects提到，地上的昆虫更喜欢没有被地下昆虫占领的植物。联系本段最后一句This messaging makes ．．． for the same plant可知，当地上昆虫发现植物已经被地下昆虫占领时，它们通常会选择离开。
3. B 细节推断题。根据第三段第一句In recent years it ．．． and vice versa可推知，如果植物没有被地下的食草昆虫占领，地上昆虫就会繁殖得快些。本句的意思是：近些年来的研究发现：如果地上昆虫赖以生存的植物被地下的食草昆虫占领，地上昆虫的繁殖速度就会减慢，反之亦然。
4. D 词义推断题。第四段第一句的namely the natural enemy of caterpillars意为：也就是毛虫的天敌。a third party这里包含寄生蜂。
5. C 标题归纳题。C项标题形象地表现出了昆虫间交流的独特方式，其根据在第一段第一句 ... insects can communicate with each other by using plants as telephones。
4写作训练
请根据以下资料说明，使用5个规范句子描述所给信息内容。
世界上不同的地方社会习俗不同。比如，在美国两人第一次见面就彼此直呼其名。年轻人对老年人也都是这样。这在中国被认为是很不礼貌的。
另外一个不同是交谈时可以谈些什么。询问别人大衣的价格，中国人觉得没什么，而美国人则认为很不礼貌。
(写作要求)
1．标题；Social Customs between Americans and Chinese
2．必须使用5个句子介绍全部所给内容。
3．将5个句子组织成连贯的短文。
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答案:
Social Customs between Americans and Chinese
Social customs differ in different parts of the world. For example, the Americans call each other by their names when two people first met, and so does the young to the old. In china, it will be regarded as quite impolite to do so.
Another difference is about what can be talked about in conversation. A Chinese thinks nothing of being asked how much his coat costs while Americans think it impolite to ask such a question.
www.ks5u.com
单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）
词汇
部分
词语
辨析
1. means / way / method 2. percent / percentage
3. obvious / apparent/ evident / clear 4. hire / employ / rent
词形
变化
1. elect vt.选举，推举；选择vi. 进行选举，作出选择
election n.选举，推举，当选
elective adj.可任意选择的n.选修科目
2. immigrate vi. 移入
immigration n. 移民入境
immigrant n.移民，侨民
3. race n.赛跑；竞争；人种
v. 参赛
racial adj. 人种的，种族的
racism n. 种族歧视，种族偏见；种族主义
4. apparent adj. 显然的，明白的，表面上的
apparently adv. 显然，表面上地
5. punishment n. 罚，刑罚
punish vt. 惩罚，处罚
重点
单词
1. majority n. 大多数；大半
2. applicant n. 申请人
3. occur vi. 发生；出现；存在
4. indicate vt. 指出；标示；表明
5. slip vi. 滑动；滑行；滑跤 n. 滑倒；小过失；失误
6. insert vt.插入，嵌入
重点
词组
1. live on 继续生活或存在
2. make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等
3. keep up坚持；维持；沿袭古老的风俗﹑ 传统等；使某人不能去睡觉
4. team up with（与某人）一起工作（尤指为一共同目标）；合作
5. mark out 划线标出……界线
6. take in 包括；吸收；接纳；欺骗
7. a great/good many 相当多，很多
重点句子
1. California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population.
2. Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows.
重点语法
名词性从句（见语法部分）
语言要点（模块）
Ⅰ.词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料)
1. means / way / method
【解释】
means “方法、方式、工具”，着重于具体的手段。（单复数相同）
way “一般的方法、方式或个人的特殊方法方式”，与技巧或效果的好坏无关。
method “有系统的、有效率的精心拟定的方法”，也可以指抽象概念“条理”。
短语搭配：做……的方法：a way to do sth.／a way of doing sth. / a method of doing sth.；用这种／些方法：in this way / with the method / by this means；用……方法，借助……：by means of... 无论如何：by all means；一点也不，决不(用于句首句子需倒装) ：by no means；by the way顺便问一下；on one’ s way to…在去……的路上；in the way 挡住路
【练习】用means，way，method填空。
1). These vegetables can be cooked in different _______.
2). Only in this _______ can you find out the truth.
3). By this _______ I get in touch with him.
4). We express our thoughts by _______ of words.
5). ______ _______ _______ shall I lend him money!
6). The methods of _______ (teach) need _______ (improve).
Keys: 1). ways 2). way 3). means 4). means 5). By no means
6). teaching; improving / to be improved
2. percent / percentage
【解释】
percent 表示“百分之……”，相当于“％”，其前面往往是一个具体的数字。
percentage 表示“百分比；百分率”，前面不能是具体数字，只能被high，low等修饰。
【练习】用percent，percentage填空。
1). I am a hundred ________ in agreement with you.
2). This company only supply 30 ________ of what we need.
3). The numbers are small, in _________ terms, but significant.
4). There used to be a high _________ of babies that diet scarlet fever every year.
Keys: 1). percent 2). percent 3). percentage 4). percentage what percentage
3. obvious / apparent/ evident / clear
【解释】
obvious意为“某东西具有显著特点，不需费力就可觉察到，常用于一目了然的事物”。
apparent意为“表面看起来很明显，而实际情况未必如此”。
evident意为“有证据作出合理判断，考虑到各种事实、条件后而显得明显”。
clear意为“不存在使人迷惑或使问题复杂化的因素”。
【练习】用obvious，apparent，evident，clear填空。
1). It was an ________ mistake for him to have gone alone.
2). The situation is ________ to everyone.
3). It was becoming increasingly _________ that he disliked me.
4). The applause made it _________ that the play was a hit.
Keys: 1). obvious 2). clear 3). apparent 4). evident
4. hire / employ / rent
【解释】
hire是日常用语，指按工作量或时间雇用人或租借东西，有“花钱使用某物”和“把某物使用权出让给别人以收取费用”之意；多指临时租用某物。如：hire a boat，a car，a camera，a bicycle，an evening dress，a hall for a meeting等，指人时，有“雇用”、“受雇”两种含义。
employ较正式，多指商店或公司长期雇用人手；受雇人员较广，甚至包括社会地位较高
的职业人员，有“聘请”之义；也可以解释为“忙于，从事”常用于be employed in sth. / doing sth. 短语中。 注：要弄清 employ 几个名词的用法：employee (雇工，雇员)，employer (户主，东家)，employment (就业，雇用)。
rent一般指租借房屋、地产(租借出去)；也有“花钱使用某物”和“把某物使用权出让给别人以收取费用”之意；多指用于长时间的场合。如：rent a house，a flat，a TV等。rent还可作名词，意为“租金；租费”。
【练习】用hire，employ，rent填空。
1). Our house has been ________ by a newly-married couple.
2). It’ s important to ________ proper words in writing poem.
3). They _________ ________ in writing when I came.
4). They ________ out boats by the hour.
5). We ________ a driver to take us on a tour of the city.
Keys: 1). rented 2). employ 3). were employed 4). hire 5). hired
Ⅱ.词性变化（旨在提供语法填空所需材料）
1. elect vt.选举，推举；选择vi. 进行选举，作出选择
election n.选举，推举，当选
elective adj.可任意选择的n.选修科目
2. immigrate vi. 移入
immigration n. 移民入境
immigrant n.移民，侨民
3. race n.赛跑；竞争；人种
v. 参赛
racial adj. 人种的，种族的
racism n. 种族歧视，种族偏见；种族主义
4. apparent adj. 显然的，明白的，表面上的
apparently adv. 显然，表面上地
5. punishment n. 罚，刑罚
punish vt. 惩罚，处罚
【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。
1). In America, presidential ________ (elect) are held every four years.
2). They deserve to ________ (punish) for putting passengers at risk.
3). She had to tidy the classroom as ________ (punish) for being late.
4). She was the daughter of Chinese ________ (immigrate) to America.
5). There was a sudden increase ________ (immigrate) in from Eastern Europe.
6). He is a victim of ________ (race) discrimination.
7). She turned to face him, her anger ________ (apparent) gone.
8). Their motives, as will soon become _______ (apparently), are completely selfish.
Keys: 1). elections 2). be punished 3). punishment 4). immigrants
5). immigration 6). racial 7). apparently 8). apparent
Ⅲ.重点词汇（旨在提供词汇综合运用所需材料）
1. majority n. 大多数；大半 major adj.&n. 较大的，主要的；主修，专攻
(反义词minority少数；少数民族)
1). A / The majority of doctors agree that smoking is extremely harmful to health.
大多数医生认为吸烟对健康极为有害。
2). The majority was/were in favour of the proposal. 多数人赞成这个建议。
be in the/a majority 构成大部分/大多数 a majority over sb 超过对方的票数
按要求填空或翻译。
1). English speakers form the ________ (大多数) of the population.
2). Among the members of the committee those who favour the proposed changes are _______ (介词) the majority.
3). They had a large majority _______ (介词) the other party at the last election.
4). The majority of people _________ (prefer) peace to war.
5). The majority of the damage _________ (be) easy to repair.
Keys: 1). majority 2). in 3). over 4). prefer / prefers 5). is
2. applicant n. 申请人 application n. 申请(书)；应用；用途 apply v. 申请；运用，适用
1). We had 250 applicants for the job. 有250人申请这份工作。
2). As the wages were low, there were few applicants for the job. 因为工资低, 没有什麽人申请这份工作。
apply for... 申请…… apply to... 适用……
fill in the application form for sth. 填写……申请表
根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
1). Successful _________ (apply) will receive notification within the week.
2). This rule can’ t be applied ________ (介词) every case.
3). You should ________ ________(申请) the job immediately, in person or by letter.
4). The question in the second half of the form _________ ________ (适用) married men only.
Keys: 1). applicants 2). to 3). apply for 4). apply to
3. occur vi. 发生；出现；存在
1). The tragedy occurred only minutes after take-off. 这一悲剧在起飞后几分钟内就发生了。
2). Didn’ t it occur to you that he might be late? 你当时没有想到他可能会迟到吗?
occur to... (主意) 浮现于脑海中；被想到；被想起；（某人）想到……
根据句子的意思填空或翻译。
1). The possibility that she might be wrong never even ________ ________ her.
2). A good idea _______ _______ him.
3). ___________________________________ (他从没想到) he might be falling in love with her.
Keys: 1). occurred to 2). occurred to 3). It had never occurred to him that
4. indicate vt. 指出；标示；表明indication n. 指出；表明indicative adj.指示的；暗示的
1). I asked him where my sister was and he indicated the shop opposite. 我问他握姐姐在哪，他指指对面的商店。
2). Research indicates that men find it easier to give up smoking than women. 研究表明男人感到比女人更容易戒烟。
indicate sth (to sb) 指示；指出；标示 indicate that/wh-表示……；示意……
根据句子的意思，在括号里填入适当的词。
1). The government has ________ (表明) that it intends to cut taxes.
2). A flashing red light ________ (标示) that a stretch of road was undergoing repairs.
3). There is every ________ (indicate) of a change in the weather.
Keys: 1). indicated 2). indicated 3). indication
5. slip vi. 滑动；滑行；滑跤 n. 滑倒；小过失；失误 slippery adj. 滑溜的
1). My foot slipped and I nearly fell. 我的脚一滑，差点跌到。
2). She slipped into the room when no one was looking. 她趁无人注意的时候溜进了房间。
let slip... 错过……；无意中说出 let sth. slip through your fingers错过(机会)，失去(机会)
a slip of the tongue 口误
根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
1). She ________ ________ (无意中说出) that she was intending to leave the company.
2). As the years _________ by, I thought more and more about him.
3). Drive very carefully; the roads are wet and ________ (slip).
Keys: 1). let slip 2). slipped 3). slippery
6. insert vt.插入，嵌入
He inserted a key into a lock. 他把钥匙插进锁中。
insert sth (in/into/between sth) 插入、放入、置入或嵌於某物或某两物间
根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词。
1). She inserted an additional paragraph ________ an essay.
2). Insert your fingers ________ the layers and press them apart.
Keys: 1). in 2). between
Ⅳ.重点词组（旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1. live on 继续生活或存在
She lived on for many years after her husband died. 丈夫死後她继续活了多年。
live短语：
live on sth 以某物为食；靠某种经济来源生活 live by doing sth 靠做某事物为生
live for sth 以某事物为生活目标 live through sth 经历某事物而幸存
live together 在一起生活；同居 live up to sth 依照某事物行事；表现出符合某事物的标准
live with sth 接受或容忍某现象 live to be... = live to the age of... 活到……岁
live a... life 过着……的生活
根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的live短语。
1). The lonely old man _______ _______ charity.
2). Mozart is dead but his music _______ _______.
3). My grandfather _______ _______ both world wars.
4). We should work hard and try to _______ _______ _______ our parents’ expectations.
5). The brave girl is learning to _______ _______ her disability.
Keys: 1). live on 2). lives on 3). lived through 4). live up to 5). live with
2. make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等
They settled down in Canada and made a life for themselves. 他们在加拿大定居下来，习惯新的生活方式。
life短语：
bring sb/sth (back) to life 给某人/事物的活力；使复活 lay down one’ s life (for sb/sth) 为……献身；牺牲生命
lead a dog’ s life 过狗一般的生活（长期忧虑、痛苦或悲伤）make one’ s way in life 在生活中有所成就
take one’ s (own) life: commit suicide 自杀 put an end to one’ s life: kill oneself 自杀
take sb’ s life: kill sb 取某人性命 a/sb’ s way of life（某人的或某些人的）生活方式
a walk of life 行业；职业；阶层 to the life 逼真
end one’ s days/life (in sth)（处於某状况下或在某处）度过余生
根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的介词或翻译。
1). He laid down his life _______ the cause of freedom.
2). They interview people from _______ _______ _______ _______ (各行各业的人).
3). She adapted easily to the French _______ _______ _______ (生活方式).
Keys: 1). for 2). all walks of life 3). way of life
3. keep up坚持；维持；沿袭古老的风俗、传统等；使某人不能去睡觉
1). You’ re all doing a splendid job; keep up the good work! 你们干得都很出色, 要坚持下去!
2). I do hope we’ re not keeping you up. 我希望我们没有耽误你睡觉。
keep短语：
keep up with sb/sth. 跟上（某人/某事物）；（与某人/某事物）同步前进或保持联系；跟上（形势）
keep (on) doing sth. 继续做某事物；重复做某事物 keep away from（使某人/事物）不靠近某人/事物
keep sb back from sb/sth（使某人）与某人/事物保持距离 keep sth. back 阻止某事物
keep oneself/sb from sth/doing sth 使自己/某人不能做某事物keep sth from sb 不将某事告诉某人
keep off (sb/sth) 不接近或不接触某人/事物 keep sb/sth out (of sth) 不让某人/物进入（某处）
keep in touch with保持与某人的联系 keep fit 保持健康
根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。
1). The high cost of raw materials is keeping prices _______ (副词).
2). She likes to keep up _______ (介词) the latest fashions.
3). The house is becoming too expensive for them to ________ ________ (维修).
4). We should try to ________ ________(沿袭) our old customs.
5). Police warned bystanders to ________ ________(不靠近) the blazing building.
6). I think we ought to ________ ________ ________ ________ (不把实情告诉他) until he’ s better.
Keys: 1). up 2). with 3). keep up 4). keep up 5). keep away from 6). keep the truth from him
4.team up with（与某人）一起工作（尤指为一共同目标）；合作
The two companies have teamed up to develop a new racing car. 那两个公司已合作研制新型赛车。
根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。
He _______ _______ _______ (与某人一起工作) his brother in the doubles.
Keys: teamed up with
5. mark out 划线标出……界线
Please mark out the sentences that you don’ t understand with a red pen. 请用红笔标出你不懂的句子。
be marked with... 标记着……
根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。
1). I’ ve lost a case _______ _______ (标记着) “IX” on its back.
2). She carefully _______ _______ (划线标出) the important phrases and sentence patterns.
Keys: 1). marked with 2). marked out
6. take in 包括；吸收；接纳；欺骗
1). The students find it easy to take in what you teach. 学生发现你的课很好懂。
2). He had nowhere to sleep so we offered to take him in. 他没地方可以睡，我们于是就提出让他留宿。
take 短语：
take apart拆开；剖析，抨击(论点等) take down拿下，取下；拆卸；记下
take back取回，带回；收回说过的话；使…回忆起昔日 take care of 照料，保管
take up开始从事；占用(时间或空间)；着手处理 take medicine服药
take it easy别紧张，慢慢来 take over继承，接收，接管
take off脱下(衣服等)；起飞 take on承担，从事；呈现
take one’ s place入座；代替某人的位置 take one’ s time不急，慢慢干
用与take相关的短语填空。
1). Don’ t be _______ _______ by his promises.
2). Who do you think will ________ ________ now that the governor has been dismissed?
3). These boxes of yours are ________ ________ too much space.
4). 1 was really _______ _______ when seeing old photos.
5). Dear ladies and gentlemen，please now _______ _______ _______.The opera is soon to begin.
6). Tom carefully ________ ________what the teacher said
Keys: 1). taken in 2). take over 3). taking up 4). taken back
5). take your place 6). took down
7. a great/good many 相当多，很多
It all happened a good many years ago. 这发生在很多年前。
a great/good many
a large number of
scores of
dozens of
many/few
修饰可数名词复数
many a
修饰可数名词单数
a good/great deal of
a large/great amount of
large amounts of
much / little / a little
修饰不可数名词
a lot of = lots of
plenty of
a large/great quantity of = quantities of
a supply of = supplies of
可数名词复数/不可数名词
根据句子的要求翻译。
1). I’ ve known her for _______ _______ _______ (很多) years.
2). I imagine if one day I had _______ _______ _______ _______ (很多) money, I would go traveling round the world.
Keys: 1). a great/good many 2). a good/great deal of 或a large/great amount of
Ⅴ.重点句子 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）
1. California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. 加利福尼亚是美国第三大洲，但有着最多的人口。
形容词的最高级前面可以被序数词以及by far，much，almost，nearly，not quite等词修饰。
翻译句子。
1). 黄河是中国第二长河。
____________________________________________________________________________________
2). 亚洲是世界上最大的洲。
____________________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1). The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
2). Asia is by far the largest continent in the world.
2. Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. 没有人知道确切在什么时候第一批移民者到达我们今天所称为加利福尼亚的地方。
what we now know as California是一个由what引导的名词性从句，做arrive in的宾语, what是复合关系代词，相当于the thing(s)that，因此，在名词性从句中可以用the thing(s)that取代的，应该用what。
注意1：名词性从句中what与that的区别：that在名词性从句中不起句子成分的作用，what必须起句子成分的作用。
注意2：名词性从句中what与which的区别：指代前文已经提到过的对象或范围时，用which，否则用what。
What he said sounds reasonable. (what作said的宾语)
That our team has won the game has been proved. (That在主语从句中不起句子成分的作用)
There are many books available. I don’ t know which to read. (which指的是前文提到的books的其中一本)
What book do you want to buy ? (前文没有提及买什么书或哪一类书)
根据句子的意思填词。
1). This is ________ he wanted.
2). This is the thing ________ he wanted.
3). She is no longer ________ she used to be.
4). She is no longer the person ________ she used to be.
Keys: 1). what 2). that 3). what 4). that
课文要点（模块）
Ⅰ.课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）
根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：
California is the _____1_____(three)largest state in the USA but has the largest population. It has _____2______ (attraction) people from all over the world. No one really knows when the first people arrived in ______3____ we now know as California. Now there are more Native Americans _____4_______ in California than in any other state. California _____5________(统治) by Spain and there is still a strong Spanish ______6_____（影响） in the state. People began _____7______（settle） in California when gold _____8_______(发现)there. But people from Africa have been living there. It is believed that before long the mix of _____9______（国籍） will be so great that there will be no major racial of cultural groups, but simply a ____10______（mix） of many culture
答案： 1.third 2.attracted 3.what 4.living 5.was ruled 6.influence 7.settling 8.was discovered 9. nationalities 10. mixture
Ⅱ.课文大意概括 （旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力）
阅读课文，试着用30来个单词概括课文大意或翻译下面短文。
整篇文章分别介绍了美洲土著人，西班牙人，俄罗斯人，金矿工人，后来移民与未来移民及解释为什么加州是一个多民族，多文化的地方。
The whole passage introduced __________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：The whole passage introduced the native Americans, the Spanish, Russians, gold miners, later arrivals and future immigrants and explain why California is a multi-ethnic, and multi-cultural place.
Ⅲ.课文佳句背诵与仿写 （旨在培养对难句的理解和写作能力）
1.【原句】Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. 最早一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在了解的加利福尼来地区的，谁也说不清楚。
句子结构：状语从句 + what从句，+ 主句
【模仿1】当我们把它和我们称之为 “大哥大”相比，我们发现新的移动电话携带轻便，小巧，价格便宜。
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案： When we compared it to what we called “Da Ge Da”, we found new mobile phones are light and small to carry with a low price.
【模仿2】当我们到达人们称之为小鸟天堂的地方时，我们兴奋地发现数千种鸟类定居在那。
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案： When we arrived at what people call Bird Paradise, we were excited to find thousands of kinds of birds are settling there.
2．【原句】Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in 1860s. 虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始来到（美国），但是更大批量的中国移民却是在19世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。
句子结构：让步状语从句+强调句
【模仿1】虽然他妹妹和他没有血缘关系，但是洪战辉他自己坚持背她上大学，这件事感动了整个中国。
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案：Although his young sister has no blood relationship with him, it is Hong Zhan Hui himself that insists on carrying her on his back to college, which moves the whole China.
【模仿2】虽然我的日常生活十分单调，但是我的努力使我适应新的校园生活。
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案：Although my daily life is extremely monotonous, it is my hard work that makes me adapt myself to the new life on campus.
3. 【原句】It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures. 人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以至于不可能存在一种主要的种族或文化群体，而只是多种族，多文化的混合体。
句子结构：It is +V-ed +that从句；so…that…
【模仿1】据报道2008奥运福娃的英文名已经从 Friendlies 改为 Fuwa , 它易发音，易记忆， 很受人们的欢迎。
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案：It is reported that the English name of the five mascots of the 2008 Olympics has changed from “Friendlies” to “Fuwa”, which is so easy to pronounce and remember that it is popular with all the people.
【模仿2】人们普遍认为书的影响是如此之大以至我们的父母总是鼓励我们养成良好的阅读习惯，阅读更多的书籍，但是我们必须非常注意书的选择。
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案：It is commonly believed that the influence of books is so important that our parents always encourage us to form good habits of reading and to read more books, but we must pay great attention to the choice of books.
单元自测 （模块）
1完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1—10各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
词数：186
完成时间：14分钟
难度：***
The mobile phone has created a new way of life. It gives us the opportunity to 1 people when and where we like. But when mobile phones become as commonplace as wristwatches, it seems they are creating 2 situations.
People let their phones ring in restaurants, theatres or business meetings. People 3 discuss very personal issues over their phones while strangers are around them. People spend all their time in the 4 of friends paying more attention to those at the other end of their mobile phones. By now, everyone knows that mobile phone etiquette is a 5 problem.
These are tips for being a good 6 citizen. Firstly, remember to 7 your phone is off at activities. Secondly, 8 the people around you when you make or take calls in public. Thirdly, don't answer your cell phone while talking with another person unless that phone is more 9 than the person you are with. Follow these rules and you'll be a 10 mobile phones user by being considerate to others.
1. A. approach B. reach C. arrive D. extend
2. A. embarrassing B. strange C. extraordinary D. complex
3. A. further B. loudly C. openly D. briefly
4. A. presence B. existence C. absence D. appearance
5. A. basic B. technical C. real D. behavioral
6. A. mobile B. telephone C. medium D. average
7. A. check B. control C. stop D. test
8. A. appreciate B. respect C. observe D. watch
9. A. valuable B. excellent C. important D. worth
10. A. large B. responsible C. regular D. current
答案：
1．B．手机让我们在任何时候，任何地点，只要愿意郎能找到你要找的人。
2．A. 然而手机也会让人处境尴尬。
3．B．很大声地用手机谈论个人问题。
4．A. 当着朋友们的面。
5．C. 手机礼节真是一个问题了。
6．A. 作为一个讲礼貌的手机使用者。
7．A. 检查你的手机是否已经关机。
8．B．公共场所打电话、接电话时尊重你周围的人。
9．C. 除非你要接的电话比你身旁的人更
10．B．是一个负责的手机使用者。
2语法填空
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为1—10的相应位置上。
词数：168
完成时间：8分钟
难度：***
The Whites live in a big city. They have a son 1 (name) Tom. His hobby is reading. When he comes home from school, he always goes to his room and just reads books. He 2 plays outdoors.
One day, Mrs. White said to her husband," 3 is not good for Tom's health to live in the city all the time." They found a small house in the country. They took him there 4 a vacation. They left home at 8 5 got there at 11 in the morning. 6 they reached the house, his mother said," 7 clean the air isl "she said to Tom, " We are going to stay here for a week." Tom ran into the house. A few minutes 8 , he ran back to his mother and said, "I can't find 9 desk." His mother answered, "We came here 10 (spend) our vacation in the country. You must play outdoors and not read books here. Enjoy your vacation! "Tom cried, "Oh, how terrible!"
答案：
1．named 过去分词短语作定语，a son named Tom 意为“一位名叫汤姆的儿子”。
2．never／hardly 完全否定，意为“从来不”。
3．It 考查It is十adj．十to do sth．的句型结构，It作形式主语。
4．for 此处表目的，for a vacation表度假。
5．and 表并列关系，连接left home 和got there两个动词短语。
6．When 考查由When引导的时间状语从句：
7．How How 引导的感叹句。
8．later a few minutes later意为“一会儿后”。
9．a 不定冠词，泛指一张桌子。
0．to spend 动词不定式短语作目的状语。
3阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
词数：254
完成时间：6分钟
难度：**
Science Daily (Apr. 27, 2008)-- Dutch ecologist Roxina Soler and her colleagues have discovered that subterranean (地下的) and aboveground herbivorous (食草的) insects can communicate with each other by using plants as telephones. Subterranean insects issue chemical warning signals through the leaves of the plant. This way, aboveground insects are warned that the plant is already "occupied".
Aboveground, leaf-eating insects prefer plants that have not yet been occupied by subterranean root-eating insects. Subterranean insects send out chemical signals through the leaves of the plant, which warn the aboveground insects about their presence. This messaging makes it possible for spatially-separated insects to avoid each other, so that they do not compete for, the same plant.
In recent years it has been discovered that different types of aboveground insects develop slowly if they feed on plants that also have subterranean insects and 'vice versa (反之亦然). It seems that a mechanism (机制) has developed through natural selection, which helps the subterranean and aboveground insects to communicate with each other. This avoids unnecessary competition.
Through the "green telephone lines", subterranean insects can also communicate with a third party, namely the natural enemy of caterpillars (毛虫). Parasitic wasps (寄生蜂) lay their eggs inside aboveground insects. The wasps also benefit from the signals sent by the leaves, as these help them find more insects for their eggs.
The communication between subterranean and above- ground insects has only been studied in a few systems. It is still not clear how widespread this phenomenon is, say the researchers.
1. How do subterranean and aboveground insects communicate with each other?
A. By sending signals through the leaves.
B. By giving off particular smells.
C. By making soft and beautiful sounds.
D. By the signals sent by parasitic wasps.
2. After finding a plant occupied by root-eating insects, aboveground insects will usually ________.
A. send out warning signals
B. compete for the same plant
C. choose to leave the plant
D. fight with the root-eating insects
3. Aboveground insects will develop more quickly if their food plants ________.
A. are often visited by parasitic wasps
B. are not occupied by mot-eating insects
C. have more green leaves
D. have more subterranean insects
4. What does the underlined part "a third party' in Paragraph 4 include?
A. Aboveground insects. B. Root-eating insects.
C. Caterpillars. D. Parasitic wasps.
5. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. Communication between different insects
B. How do animals avoid competition?
C. Insects use plants as telephones
D. When plants have subterranean residents
答案：
荷兰科学家研究发现：地下昆虫可以通过植物的叶子释放化学物质，作为信号对地上昆虫进行警告，从而避免对同一植物的竞争。
1. A 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句Subterranean insects issue chemical warning signals through the leaves of the plant可知，地下昆虫能通过植物的叶子发出一种化学物质，作为信号对地上昆虫进行警告。故选A。
2. C 细节推理题。第二段第一句Aboveground, leaf-eating insects ．．． root-eating insects提到，地上的昆虫更喜欢没有被地下昆虫占领的植物。联系本段最后一句This messaging makes ．．． for the same plant可知，当地上昆虫发现植物已经被地下昆虫占领时，它们通常会选择离开。
3. B 细节推断题。根据第三段第一句In recent years it ．．． and vice versa可推知，如果植物没有被地下的食草昆虫占领，地上昆虫就会繁殖得快些。本句的意思是：近些年来的研究发现：如果地上昆虫赖以生存的植物被地下的食草昆虫占领，地上昆虫的繁殖速度就会减慢，反之亦然。
4. D 词义推断题。第四段第一句的namely the natural enemy of caterpillars意为：也就是毛虫的天敌。a third party这里包含寄生蜂。
5. C 标题归纳题。C项标题形象地表现出了昆虫间交流的独特方式，其根据在第一段第一句 ... insects can communicate with each other by using plants as telephones。
4写作训练
请根据以下资料说明，使用5个规范句子描述所给信息内容。
世界上不同的地方社会习俗不同。比如，在美国两人第一次见面就彼此直呼其名。年轻人对老年人也都是这样。这在中国被认为是很不礼貌的。
另外一个不同是交谈时可以谈些什么。询问别人大衣的价格，中国人觉得没什么，而美国人则认为很不礼貌。
(写作要求)
1．标题；Social Customs between Americans and Chinese
2．必须使用5个句子介绍全部所给内容。
3．将5个句子组织成连贯的短文。
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答案:
Social Customs between Americans and Chinese
Social customs differ in different parts of the world. For example, the Americans call each other by their names when two people first met, and so does the young to the old. In china, it will be regarded as quite impolite to do so.
Another difference is about what can be talked about in conversation. A Chinese thinks nothing of being asked how much his coat costs while Americans think it impolite to ask such a question.
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