人教版 (新课标)选修7&8Unit 1 A land of diversity课时练习

这是一份人教版 (新课标)选修7&8Unit 1 A land of diversity课时练习，共17页。试卷主要包含了重点词汇，重点短语等内容，欢迎下载使用。

高一英语同步精品
选修8　
Unit 1　 A land of diversity
一、重点词汇
考点1．means　n.手段；方法(单数和复数形式相同)
【教材原句】Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.
科学家们认为，这些迁居者通过一条史前时期曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。
【例句研读】
(1) The car is a convenient______ of transport, but we have made it our way of life.
汽车是一种便利的交通方式，然而我们却把它当成了我们的生活方式。
(2) Every possible means has been tried ， and we find only by this means is it possible to persuade him.
_________都试过了，结果我们发现只有用这种方法才可能劝得动他。

【归纳拓展】
by means of 用……办法；借助……
by all means 一定，务必；好的，当然可以
by no means 决不，一点儿也不
by every means 用尽一切可能的办法

【温馨提示】
(1)means 表示“方式，方法”时，单复数同形。当means 作主语且有every，each等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数；由some，several，few，many等词修饰时，谓语动词用复数。
(2)当短语by no means置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装结构。
【易混辨析】
method, way, means, approach与manner
(1)method指有系统、有条理地办事或解决问题的方法。尤指有次序的、有计划的方法，较正式，常和介词of搭配。
(2)way是常用词，可指一般的方法，有时也指个人的方法或方式，也可指特殊的方式或方法，常和介词in搭配。
(3) means指为达到某种目的或目标而采用的方法、手段或途径，常和介词by搭配。
(4)approach指从事某事的特别方法、途径，常与介词to搭配使用。
(5)manner指为人处世的方式、待人接物的方式。







考点2．majority　n.大多数；大半
【教材原句】Of the first Spanish to go to California，the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.
在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他们的职责是向原居住人民传授天主教。
【例句研读】
1).So, let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to___ ____ of people.
因此我们认为历史性建筑既吸引人又对大多数人来说很重要。
2)What are we to do next under the assumption that the majority is/are against
the plan? 假设______反对这个计划，我们下一步该怎么办？
【答案】1. the majority 2. 大多数人
【归纳拓展】
(1)be in the/a majority　构成大部分/大多数
a majority over sb 超过对方的票数
(2)major adj. 较大的；主要的
　n. 主修课程；专业课
　v. 主修，专攻
major in 主修，专攻
(3)minority n. 少数；少数民族；未成年

【温馨提示】
(1)the majority of sb/sth，其后的谓语动词取决于of之后的名词；the majority 作主语时，谓语动词用单数或复数皆可。
(2)majority的反义词是minority，意为“少数；少数派；少数人；少数民族”，复数形式是minorities。
考点3．elect　v.选择；决定；选举
【教材原句】By the time California elected to become the thirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society. 到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国第31个州的时候， 它已经是一个有着多种文化的社会了。
【例句研读】
(1) After only a year in the sports club, the youngest player ____________the committee.
参加运动俱乐部仅一年，那位最年轻的运动员就被选进了委员会。
(2) Purchasers can ___ ___ ___in monthly installment.
购买者可选择逐月分期付款。

【归纳拓展】
elect sb (as/to be)选举某人(为)……
elect sb to… 选举某人进入……
elect to do sth 选择或决定做某事

考点4．occur　vi. (occurred, occurred; occurring)(to happen)发生；存在；出现
【教材原句】Yes. It didn't occur to me that...是的，我没想到……
【例句研读】
(1) As they went down, the weather got worse. Then another trouble _______.
当他们继续往下走的时候，天气变得越来越糟糕。接 着另一个麻烦又出现了。
(2) His name just did not occur __________my memory.
我就是想不起他的名字来。
(3) I was going along the street looking for a place to park ____________________________．
我正在街道上找地方停车的时候，事故发生了。
【答案】（1）occurred（2）to (3) when the accident occurred
【归纳拓展】
(1)…occur/come to sb 某人突然想起……
(2)…strike/hit sb 某人突然想起……
(3)It occurs to sb that… 某人突然想起……
It strikes/hits sb that… 某人突然想起
【温馨提示】
　 occur是英语中很重要的动词，其用法灵活，常作为命题点来考查。经常考查句型“sth occurs to sb”或“It occurs to sb that…”以及occur，happen, take place等动词或动词短语的意义和用法辨析。
考点5．indicate vt.指出；标示；表明；暗示
【教材原句】Try to use the expressions above to indicate that you are listening carefully to your partner. 请用上面的表达来表明你正在认真听同伴的讲述。
【例句研读】
(1) The arrow _____the way to the park.
那个箭头指示到公园的路。
(2) Snow indicates the coming of winter.
雪____着冬天的到来。

【归纳拓展】
indicate sth. to sb.向某人指出/暗示某物
indicate that...示意；表明；暗示；说明
indication of doing sth.做某事的迹象
indication that...……迹象

考点6．react vi. 作出反应；回应
【教材原句】Noticing how the listener reacts and, if necessary, changing your way of speaking to suit the listener.注意他对方怎样反应的，而且如果必要的话， 改变你的说话方式以适应对方。
【例句研读】
(1) People can ____ ____to certain food additives.
有的人对某些食物添加剂产生严重反应。
(2) Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust.
铁与水和空气起化学____而生成锈。
【答案】(1) react badly (2) 反应
【归纳拓展】
react to对……作出反应
react on 对……有影响
react against 反对；反抗
react with 与……发生化学反应
reaction to 对……作出反应
考点7．apparent adj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的
【教材原句】Apparently he’d been shocked when he saw a terrible accident .......很显然当他看到一个可怕的意外事故时他很震惊。
【例句研读】
(1) Certain problems were ___from the beginning.
某些问题从一开始就是显而易见的。
(2) It was apparent that he knew nothing about how to repair cars.
_______他对怎样修车一无所知。
【答案】(1) apparent (2) 很显然
【归纳拓展】
It is apparent that...……是很显然的
apparently adv. 显然地

考点8．distinction n. 区别，区分，卓越
【教材原句】It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA，having attracted people from all over the world.
它的与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化特征的一个州，已经吸引了来自世界各地的人们。
【例句研读】
（1）He is a writer of real______.
他是一位真正才智超群的作家。
（2）I can't see any distinction between these two cases.
我看不出这两个案例有什么______。

【归纳拓展】
make/draw a distinction between A and B　区别A和B
a writer of distinction 一位卓越的作家
gain/attain/win distinction 出名
distinct adj. 不同的，明显的
a distinct improvement in...在……方面的显著进步
a distinct smell 不同的/清晰易辨的气味
be distinct from 与……不同
distinctly adv. 不同地，明显地

考点9．declare vt. 宣布
【教材原句】In 1846 the United States declared war on Mexico,…在1846年美国对墨西哥宣战。
【例句研读】
（1）Ministers of the two countries ____ their support for the Vienna talks.
两国总理宣布他们支持维也纳会谈。
（2）He declared that the meeting has been postponed.
他_____会议已延期了。
【答案】（1）declared（2）宣布
【归纳拓展】
declare the result of election 公布选举结果
declare for sb./sth.对某人/事表示赞成
declare against sb./sth.对某人/事表示不赞成
declare war on/against...对……宣战
declare sb.(to be)．..宣布某人(是)……
declare that 从句　宣布……
declaration n. 宣布，宣言：a declaration of war 宣战

考点10．slip　vi. (slipped，slipped；slipping)滑动，滑行；滑跤 n. 滑倒；小过失；滑动
【教材原句】… and the tram slipped down the hill dragging the horses with it. 轨道车从山上滑落，随之把马也拽落下来。
【例句研读】
（1）Gradually, the tension____ from our bodies.
渐渐地，我们的身体摆脱了紧张。
（2）2)The car turned on the wet road and ___________the fence.
汽车在那条泥泞的道路上打滑，接着撞上了栅栏。

【归纳拓展】
slip into 悄悄进入，溜进去；悄悄塞进
slip away 悄悄溜走
slip out of 意外地从……滑出，掉出；溜出去
slip down 滑倒
let…slip 错过……；失去……

【温馨提示】
slide和slip都有“滑”之意，但slide意为“有意地滑，平稳而顺畅地滑行”，slip则指的是不由自主地“滑，滑倒”。
二、重点短语
考点1．keep up　(使)不倒下(不下沉)；保持，不减弱；跟上，赶上；保养，维修；使熬夜
【教材原句】In 1911 immigrants from Denmark established a town of their own, which today still keeps up their Danish culture.
1911年，丹麦移民建立了自己的城镇，至今仍然保留着丹麦文化。
【例句研读】
(1) In fact, progress has allowed tradition to__ ____.
事实上，进步让传统得以延续。
(2) I can't __ ___ ____all the changes because I'm too old.因为我太老了而跟不上变化了。
【答案】（1）keep up（2）keep up with
【归纳拓展】
keep up with不落后；跟得上
keep away (from)(使)远离开
keep back退后；阻止；保留
keep down控制，抑制(某事物)
keep off避开；不接近
keep on (doing) 继续(干)
keep out (of) 阻止进入；不卷入；避开

考点2．take in接受；理解；包括；欺骗；收进；吸收
【教材原句】It's a 79 km roundtrip that takes in all the famous tourist spots.
这是一次往返79公里的旅行，它包括了所有著名的旅游景点。
【例句研读】
(1) To ___ ___enough fresh air, we opened the windows.
为了吸入足够的新鲜空气，我们打开了窗户。
(2) Please take in the washing if it rains.
如果下雨，请把洗的衣服_____。

【归纳拓展】
take away拿走；使离开；消除(病痛等)
take down记下来；拆掉
take for (错)当做；(误)以为
take off起飞；匆匆离去；脱下
take on呈现；雇用
take over接收；接管；取代
take up占去，占据；开始；从事

take in 的一词多义
①This is the total cost of the holiday, taking (包括) everything in.
②Don't be taken in (欺骗) by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.
③I found it easy to take in (理解) what the professor had said.
④I managed to rent a big enough house to take in (收留) a handful of people.
考点3．team up with 与……合作
【教材原句】I teamed up with him to do the work.
我和他合作做这项工作。
【例句研读】
(1) He didn't want to ___ ___ ___anybody.
他不想与任何人合作。
(2) It's very happy to team up with you. bye!
和你_____很愉快，再见！
【答案】（1）team up with（2）合作
【归纳拓展】
team up 结成一队；合作
a team of 一队……
on a team 属于一队
play for a team 为一队效力

考点4．mark out 画线标出……的界限;  制定；指出；规划
【教材原句】There's a fascinating drive marked out for tourists.
有一种专为旅游者选定的迷人的驾车旅游活动。
【例句研读】
(1) When planting seedlings, I prefer to ___ ___the rows in advance.
种树苗的时候，我更喜欢事先标出行来。
(2) You must mark out the destination you want to reach.
你必须_____你想到达的目的地。

【归纳拓展】
mark down 记下；减价；给低分
mark up 涨价；提高分数
mark off 用界限隔开
mark...with 用……在某物上做标记
be marked with 标有……的标志

考点5. make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等
【教材原句】They went to the West and decided to make a life there.
他们去了西部地区，决心去那里适应新生活。
【例句研读】
(1) Her sister struggles to make ____life for himself elsewhere
(2) You can make a life and find a community in almost any neighbourhood.
在任何一个街区你都可以______找到一个社区。
【答案】(1) a (2) 适应新的生活
【归纳拓展】
come to life 变得更有趣；变得活跃
live/lead a．..life 过着……生活
come back to life 苏醒过来，恢复生气
bring...back to life 使……苏醒过来
start a new life 开始新生活

考点6. a great/good many　许多，大量
【教材原句】…, a number of markets and a great many restaurants.许多超市和许多餐馆。
【例句研读】
(1) ____ ___ ____ houses were knocked down by the earthquake.
许多房子在地震中坍塌了。
(2) He has met with a great many unexpected difficulties.
他遇到了_____意想不到的困难。

【归纳拓展】
修饰可数名词
修饰不可数名词
二者皆可
many
much
a lot of/lots of
a good/great many (of)
a large amount of
a large quantity of
many a(n)
a great deal of　
quantities of
a large/great
number of
large amounts of
masses of
quite a few

plenty of
【易错警示】
a good/great many后接复数名词，但a good/great many后接of时， of后的名词前必须加限定词these/those/the/one's等，然后再加复数名词。
【温馨提示】
(1)a large amount of修饰不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式，而large amounts of修饰不可数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
A large amount of money was spent on the bridge.
Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.
修建这座桥花费了大量的金钱。
(2)quantities of无论修饰可数名词复数还是修饰不可数名词，谓语动词都用复数形式。如：
Quantities of paper are wasted because of the use of copy machines.
由于复印机的使用，大量的纸张被浪费了。
Quantities of nuts were on the table.
桌子上有大量的坚果。
三 经典句型
考点1 It's likely that...很可能……
【教材原句】However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.
然而，很可能至少在15,000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。
【句法分析】It's likely that...很可能……。在该句型中，it为句子的形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。
【例句研读】
（1）If you're reading this article, it's likely that you spend a fair amount of time online.
＝If you're reading this article, you are likely to spend a fair amount of time online.
如果你正在读这篇文章，那么很可能你花费了很多时间在网上。
（2）It's very likely that she will ring me tonight.
很可能今晚她会给我打电话。
【拓展归纳】
(1)likely: ①it is likely＋that从句
②sb is likely to do sth
但一般不用于“it is likely for sb to do sth”中
(2)possible : ①it is possible (for sb) to do sth
②it is possible＋that从句
但不用于“sb is possible to do sth”中
(3)probable: 常用于“it is probable＋that从句”
【考点聚焦】likely 的固定句型
考点2. What引导的名词性从句
【教材原句】Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows.
没有人真正知道，第一批开拓者到达我们现在称之为加利福尼亚州的确切时间。
【句法分析】 这是一个多重复合句， what在本句中引导宾语从句，作介词in的宾语，意为“所……之事”。
【例句研读】
1)We are proud of what we've achieved in the past ten years.
我们为过去十年来所取得的成就感到骄傲。
2）He used to do a lot of drinking but has given up now.
他过去常常喝酒，但现在戒掉了。
【拓展归纳】
what用作代词，在译法上非常灵活，它可以指“……的东西；……的人；……的时间；……的地点”等；what在句法中可以作主语、宾语、表语，相当于定语从句中的“先行词＋关系代词”。what的具体用法如下：
(1)指代“……的东西”，意为“什么；多少；怎么；……的；所……的”，相当于something that。如：
It matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think.
重要的不仅仅是你怎么想的，而是别人认为你怎么想的以及你认为他们认为你怎么想的。
(2)指代“……的人”，意为 “……的样子；面貌；状况”，相当于the person that/who。如：
—In my opinion, you should owe your success mostly to your parents.
—You are right. They have brought me up and made me what I am.
“我认为你的成功主要归功于你的父母。”
“对，是他们把我培养成我现在的样子。”
(3)指代 “……的地方”，相当于the place that。如：
A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago.
一座现代化城市已在十年前还是一片荒地的地方建起来了。
(4)指代“……的时间”，相当于the time that。如：
After what seemed to be a long time, the soldier came back to life.
似乎过了很长时间之后，这名士兵才苏醒了过来。
【考点聚焦】what引导名词性从句
考点3. That's why...那就是……的原因。
【教材原句】That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.
那就是今天超过40%的加利福尼亚人仍然把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。
【句法分析】That's why...那就是……的原因。在该句型中，why引导表语从句。
【例句研读】
(1) It was raining hard then. That was why I was late.
那时正下着大雨。那就是我迟到的原因。
(2) That’s why I didn’t agree with you.
那就是我不同意你的观点的原因。
【拓展归纳】
That's why...那就是为什么……(why从句表示结果)
That's because...那是因为……(because从句表示原因)
The reason why...is/was that...……的原因是……(表语从句常用that引导，而不用because)
That's where...那就是……的地方
【考点聚焦】That’s why …的表语从句
考点4. It's believed that...人们认为……。
【教材原句】It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.
人们认为，过不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会如此之大，以至于不可能存在明显的主要的种族和文化群体，而是一个多种族、多文化的混合体。
【句法分析】It's believed that...人们认为……。在该句型中，it是形式主语，that引导主语从句。
【例句研读】
①It's believed that he should be punished because he drove too fast.
大家认为他应该受到惩罚，因为他开车太快了。
②It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake.
据报道，在这场地震中，有16人遇难。
【拓展归纳】
It's said that...据说……
It's reported that...据报道……
It's hoped that...大家希望……
It's wellknown that...众所周知……
It's thought that...大家认为……
It's suggested that...据建议……
【即时巩固】
①________ is said that he died in the war.
②It is reported ________ this explosion caused a heavy loss.
【答案】①It　②that
考点5. the +序数词+ 最高级
【教材原句】California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population.
加利福尼亚是美国第三大洲，但有最多的人口。
【句法分析】句中的the third 修饰 largest，意为“第三大的”
【例句研读】
①The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.,黄河是中国第二长河。
②Asia is by far the largest continent in the world.,亚洲是世界上最大的洲。
【拓展归纳】
形容词的最高级前面可以被序数词以及 by far，much，almost，nearly，not quite 等词修饰。
【考点聚焦】考查序数词+ 最高级
语法
名词性从句（作主语，宾语和表语）
一、基本知识
在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，可分别作主句的主语、宾语、表语和同位语。名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：
连接词：that, whether, if （在从句中不充当成分）
连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which, whichever.(在从句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语)
连接副词：when, where, how, why（在从句中作状语，有时亦可作表语）
二、重点解析
一、宾语从句 在句中充当宾语的句子叫做宾语从句。
1. 由连接词that, if, whether引导的宾语从句
① I think (that) women can reach very high achievements in many fields of science.
② So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.
③ He suggested that we (should) set off as early as possible.
④ I think it necessary that we drink enough water every day.
2. 由连接代词引导的宾语从句
① As his best friend, I can make accurate guesses about what he will do or think.
② A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago.
③ I’ll just say whatever comes into my mind.
④ Eat whichever cake you like and leave the others for whoever comes in late.
⑤ There are so many good magazines that I don’t know which I should choose.
⑥ We don’t know who will take his place.
⑦ Sarah hopes to become a friend of whoever shares her interests.
3. 由连接副词引导的宾语从句
① No one knows how the earth began, as it happened so long ago.
② Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning?
③ I hate it when people talk with their mouth full of food.
二、主语从句 在句中作主语的从句叫主语从句。
1、that, whether 引导
① That he is still alive is a wonder.
② The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.
③ It’s uncertain whether the experiment is worth doing.
④ It’s no longer a question now that man can land on the moon.
⑤ It was said that only three people in the world could understand Einstein’s theory at that time.
⑥ Now it is generally accepted that Einstein was the leading scientist of the 20th century.
⑦ It suddenly occurred to him that he had left his key in the office.
2、连接代词引导
① Who broke the glass yesterday is not clear.
② Whoever comes is welcome.
③ Whichever of you comes in first will receive a prize.
④ What you need is a good-sized bag.
⑤ What is called Shenzhen now used to be a small town lying on the east coast of China.
⑥ What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.
3、连接副词引导
① When we arrive doesn’t matter.
② Why the dinosaurs disappeared suddenly still remains a puzzle.
三、表语从句 在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。
1、that, whether, because, as if/though引导
① It seems that there are people from all over the world living here.
② The question is whether it is worth doing.
③ It looked as if it was going to snow.
④ This is probably because they are often very confident.
⑤ The reason why he came late was that he got up late.
2、连接代词引导
① The problem is who will take charge of this shop.
② He is not what he used to be a few years ago.
③ My suggestion is that you (should) read as much English as possible.


3、连接副词引导
① That is when I realized the importance of English.
② Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That’s where the best jobs are.