统考版2021高考英语二轮专题复习专题能力提升练十八主旨大意题_段落大意类含解析新人教版20201209289

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这是一份统考版2021高考英语二轮专题复习专题能力提升练十八主旨大意题_段落大意类含解析新人教版20201209289，共5页。
[2020·烟台市高考诊断测试]Every year, the brightest yung scientists frm arund the glbe cme tgether t participate in the wrld's largest precllege science cmpetitin, the Intel Internatinal Science and Engineering Fair (ISEF). They demnstrate their knwledge f science and engineering t imprve the way we wrk and live.
One f 2019's winners, Katie Lu, fund a methd fr remving il frm water. This cncept can als be applied t the remval f micrplastics frm ur ceans as well.
Here is what Katie tld reprters：
My experience at the Intel ISEF was amazing! I remember n judging day, walking the exhibit hall and lking at the peple gathered utside waiting t get in. My teacher turned t me and said, “That's the future right there.” It was s amazing t spend time with all f these participants wh are ging t d amazing things in the future.
My scientific career has taught me nt t fear failure and nt t be afraid t ask fr help. It's really easy t be verwhelmed (击败) and wnder if what yu're ding is ging t wrk ut, but even if it desn't wrk ut, it's OK! Always lk n the psitive side ! A failure nw desn't mean yu're a failure frever. Failure makes success feel earned when it cmes. Als, asking fr help is gd when yu're struggling. Yu learn hw t d things a lt faster and mre efficiently.
I'm shcked that sme peple are still skeptical abut climate change. It is real, it is dangerus and it is ne f the mst imprtant issues f ur generatin. Reducing carbn emissins isn't a “shuld”； it is a “must” t cntinue living n the planet. Additinally, peple aren't really wrried abut their persnal impact n the earth in terms f littering, verusing plastic r wasting resurces. If we dn't curb harmful human activity befre it's t late, it will be a prblem that affects all humans, nt just thse that cntribute.
1．What seems t cncern Katie mst?
A．Ocean explratin.
B．The verppulatin n the earth.
C．Envirnmental prblems.
D．The shrtage f natural energy.
2．What can we learn frm what Katie's teacher said?
A．N Intel ISEF, n future.
B．All the talents are at the Intel ISEF.
C．The participants will make the future.
D．Katie shuld try t d better than the ther participants.
3．What des Paragraph 5 mainly tell us?
A．The setbacks Katie experienced in her science.
B．The relatinship between failure and success.
C．Seeking help is a shrtcut t ding things well.
D．What Katie has gained frm her scientific career.
4．What des the underlined wrd “curb” in the last paragraph mst prbably mean?
A．Punish. B．Cntrl.
C．Deny. D．Measure.
B
[2020·沈阳市教学质量监测三]While the human wrld is suffering frm the nvel crnavirus utbreak, ur planet is actually shwing certain signs f “recvery” frm the damage caused by human activity. Accrding t the BBC, new satellite images released by the Eurpean Space Agency shwed that levels f air pllutants and greenhuse gases have “fallen sharply” in majr cities in Eurpe and the United States ever since the lckdwn started.
This is what happened after recent discveries in Antarctica. An internatinal team f 89 scientists fund that the ice in Greenland and Antarctica melted six times faster in the 2010s than it was in the 1990s. And in February, Argentina's Marambi Base in Antarctica recrded a recrd high temperature f 20.75 ℃ n the cntinent.
S what exactly will happen if the temperature keeps rising and the ice keeps melting? A third study might give yu an idea. A team f scientists drilled a hle int the seaflr in West Antarctica and extracted (提取) material frm undergrund, in which they fund traces f rts, spres and pllen—typical prducts f a rainfrest—that dated back 90 millin years. In ther wrds, Antarctica was very likely a rainfrest back when the dinsaurs walked n Earth. But given the fact that the Suth Ple has fur mnths f darkness during winter—even millins f years ag—scientists believe that the rainfrest culd nly exist if the greenhuse gas cncentratins were extremely high back then t keep the cntinent warm when there was little r n sunlight.
“We didn't knw that this Cretaceus (白垩纪的) greenhuse climate was that extreme，” Jhann Klages f the Alfred Wegener Institute in Germany and a cauthr f the research tld the Guardian. “It shws us what carbn dixide is able t d.”
With ice r n ice, Antarctica will be—and has always been—fine with extreme changes. The human wrld, hwever, may nt be.
Nw, during the crnavirus lckdwn, we've seen the changes resulting frm less human activity. Hpefully, we'll hld n t thse changes—nt fr Antarctica r the planet, but fr urselves.
5．What des Paragraph 1 mainly tell us?
A．Our planet is returning t its riginal state due t the nvel crnavirus utbreak.
B．The lckdwn f majr cities cntributed t the decrease f greenhuse gases.
C．The nvel crnavirus has n effect n the human beings.
D．The nvel crnavirus utbreak resulted frm human activity.
6．What d we learn frm the third study?
A．Typical prducts f a rainfrest were dug ut in Antarctica.
B．Traces f dinsaurs living in rainfrests were sptted in Antarctica.
C．There was a gd pssibility f high greenhuse gas cncentratins in Antarctica.
D．There used t be enugh sunlight fr the rainfrest in the Cretaceus Antarctica.
7．Which f the fllwing statements is true accrding t the passage ?
A．Human activity desn't threaten life in Antarctica.
B．The ice in Antarctica melted faster in the 2010s than nw.
C．We shuld reduce carbn dixide emissins fr ur wn sake.
D．The lckdwn can be carried n t slw dwn glbal warming.
8．What is the main purpse f the passage?
A．T encurage us t defeat the nvel crnavirus.
B．T explain the effects f greenhuse gases.
C．T draw ur attentin t the ecsystem in Antarctica.
D．T call n us t reduce human impact n the envirnment.
C
[2020·济南市高三年级学习质量评估]They're incnsiderate. They anny yu. And smetimes, they infect yu. Wuldn't it be nice if we culd ban passengers like that frm the plane?
If yu've been wndering whether the airlines shuld expand their wn nfly lists, yu're nt alne. Jseph Flanagan, an engineer frm Glden, Clrad, thinks the kind f passenger he sat next t n a recent flight shuld be blacklisted. “We were barely 10 minutes int the flight when he pulled ff his shes and then put his damp feet n the chair in frnt f him，” he recalls.
Incnsiderate passengers cme in all shapes and sizes. They're the nes wh ccupy the bathrm fr half an hur. They're the nes wh place their carryns abve yur seat and then walk 10 rws back. One f the mst annying passengers, f curse, is the ne wh talks nnstp. As a result，yu can't sleep，can't listen t music，r even can't get any wrk dne. Wuldn't it be great if we culd require passengers t make a prmise f silence during the flight?
Anther categry f passengers that canand shuldbe banned are peple wh are ill. Sharn Lawrence, a mental health therapist frm Larg, Maryland, says peple wh knw they are sick shuld stay grunded. “I have had t sit next t individuals wh are sick, cughing, barely cvering their muths，” she says. “As a result f a few f these flights，I have becme ill after flying.”
Hwever, expanding the airline blacklists is easier said than dne. Federal Aviatin Administratin regulatins permit airlines t remve passengers if the safety and health f ther travelers are affected. “But such prcedures d nt allw fr the remval f a passenger withut prper legal justificatin，” says David Reischer, CEO f Legal Advice. cm, a legal advice website.
9．What may Jseph Flanagan think f the behavir f the passenger next t him?
A．It is against the law.
B．It causes discmfrt.
C．It is nne f his business.
D．It affects the flight safety.
10．What is Paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A．Requirements fr inflight behavir.
B．Annying experiences f the authr.
C．Examples f thughtless passengers.
D．Pssible measures against misbehavir.
11．Why shuld sick peple be added t nfly lists accrding t Sharn Lawrence?
A．They are likely t cugh cnstantly.
B．They can nt attend t themselves.
C．They may infect ther passengers.
D．They will miss timely treatment.
12．What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A．Stricter restrictins fr air travel must be set at nce.
B．Misbehavir f sme passengers shuld be tlerated.
C．The gvernment prhibits the remval f passengers.
D．It may be illegal t blacklist misbehaving passengers.
专题能力提升练十八主旨大意题
——段落大意类A
语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与自然——环境保护——人类的活动行为对地球造成了不好的影响
[文章大意] 该文讲述了英特尔国际科学与工程大奖赛2019年的获奖者Katie Lu对于这次参赛经历的回忆及体会。
1．答案与解析：C 考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“This well”以及最后一段中的“I'm shcked that sme peple are still skeptical abut climate change”可推知，Katie最关注的是环境问题。
2．答案与解析：C 考查细节理解。根据第四段中老师的话“That's the future right there”可知，老师认为这些优秀的参赛者都是未来的希望，能创造未来。故选C。
3．答案与解析：D 考查段落大意。第五段首句“My scientific career has taught me ”是该段的主题句。这一段表明了Katie在科学生涯中获得的积极向上、迎难而上的态度。
4．答案与解析：B 考查词义猜测。根据“peple aren't ”可知，人类的行为活动对地球造成了不好的影响。由此可推知，画线词应是“控制，抑制”的意思。故选B。
B
语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自然——环境保护——减少人类活动以保护环境
[文章大意] 文章主要介绍了人类活动的减少给环境带来了好处，为了人类的生存，我们应该继续保持住由于人类活动减少而带来的变化。
5．答案与解析：B 考查段落大意。根据第一段的内容可知，该段主要介绍了自对人的活动限制开始以来，欧美主要城市的空气污染物和温室气体水平急剧下降。故选B。
6．答案与解析：C 考查推理判断。根据第三段最后一句可知，考虑到数百万年前在冬天南极也有四个月的黑暗时间，科学家们认为，只有当时温室气体浓度极高以便在很少或没有阳光的情况下保持大陆温暖，热带雨林才可能存在。由此可推知，该研究表明，南极洲曾经的温室气体的浓度很可能非常高。故选C。
7．答案与解析：C 考查细节理解。根据第四段最后一句“It shws us what carbn dixide is able t d”以及第五段和第六段的内容可知，二氧化碳能造成巨大的变化，而对南极洲来说，这些巨大的变化一直都是也将会是可以接受的，然而对人类世界来说可能不是；我们应该为了自己而保持住由于人类活动减少而带来的变化。由此可知，为了我们自己，我们必须减少二氧化碳的排放。故选C。
8．答案与解析：D 考查写作意图。根据文章内容尤其是最后一段可知，人类活动的减少给环境带来了变化，因此为了人类自身的生存，我们应该继续保持住由于人类活动减少而带来的变化。由此可知，本文的主要目的在于呼吁人们减少人类对环境的影响。故选D。
C
语篇类型：议论文主题语境：人与社会——社会行为——对于一些有不文明行为的旅客，应该列入黑名单
[文章大意] 文章主要讨论了我们是否应该将那些不文明的或对他人有潜在危险的人列入坐飞机的黑名单中。
9．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据第二段第二句中的“shuld be blacklisted”以及关键句“‘We were barely 10 minutes int the flight when he pulled ff his shes and then put his damp feet n the chair in frnt f him，’ he recalls.”(第二段第三句)可推知，Jseph Flanagan会认为旁边那位旅客的举动让他很不舒服。故选B。
10．答案与解析：C 段落大意题。根据关键句“Incnsiderate passengers cme in all shapes and sizes.”(第三段第一句)以及该段下文所列举的行为可知，本段主要讲述的是那些不顾及他人的旅客的种种行为表现。故选C。
11．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据关键句“As a result f a few f these flights, I have becme ill after flying.”(第四段最后一句)可知，Sharn Lawrence在与一些生病的人同乘飞机之后，自己也生病了。由此可推知，Sharn Lawrence之所以认为应该将生病的人列入禁飞名单之中，是因为他们可能会将疾病传染给其他乘客。故选C。
12．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据第五段第一句中的“expanding the airline blacklists is easier said than dne”以及关键句“‘But such prcedures d nt allw fr the remval f a passenger withut prper legal justificatin，’says David Reischer, CEO f Legal Advice. cm, a legal advice website.”(第五段最后一句)可知，将一些行为上不顾及他人的旅客列入黑名单需要法律依据，单凭对一些行为的简单判断是不能将其列入黑名单的。因此，将行为不端的乘客列入黑名单有可能违法。故选D。