统考版2021高考英语二轮专题复习专题能力提升练十九词义猜测题_猜测词义类含解析新人教版20201209291

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这是一份统考版2021高考英语二轮专题复习专题能力提升练十九词义猜测题_猜测词义类含解析新人教版20201209291，共4页。
[2020·昆明市“三诊一模”高考模拟考试] Maitreyi Ramakrishnan, 17, remembers the questin that tk her frm the life f a regular high schl student t the center f Hllywd. “Why nt me？” she asked herself when she saw an pen casting call fr Mindy Kaling's cmingfage cmedy series Never Have I Ever. It was a gd questin, and cincidentally, als the name f Kaling's 2015 bigraphy.
Despite having n prfessinal acting experience, Ramakrishnan gt the jb. The yung actress plays a character named Devi whse life stry is inspired by Kaling's wn. Ramakrishnan credits her best friend fr helping her stay cnfident thrughut the auditin (试演) prcess. She filmed an auditin vide and submitted it. Abut ne mnth later, she gt a phne call frm Kaling and screenwriter Lang Fisher. “They tld me that I gt the rle，” Ramakrishnan said. “I was in cmplete shck. I just kept saying, ‘My life is cmpletely ging t change.’”
As a wman f clr starring in a Netflix series, Ramakrishnan was hnred as a Grundbreaker fr Internatinal Day f the Girl in 2019. Her persnal rle mdels, including her high schl drama teacher as well as varius wmen in Hllywd, have played a big rle in creating her wrld view. “My high schl drama teacher is always pushing me t try new things，” the teen said. “She encuraged me t try ut fr plays and take risks, which nw I'm knwn fr.”
The surreal experience taught her a life lessn that she thinks applies t anyne. When asked hw she hpes her rle will influence thers, she replied, “I hpe it passes this n— the ‘why nt me？’ Why can't I just g ut and d what makes me happy? D what makes me feel great and cnfident？”
Clearly, it's wrking.
1．What made Ramakrishnan successfully get the jb?
A．Her acting experience. B．Influence f her friend.
C．Her lasting cnfidence. D．Inspiratin frm Kaling.
2．Hw des Ramakrishnan sund twards her drama teacher?
A．Faithful. B．Grateful.
C．Annyed. D．Cncerned.
3．What des the underlined wrd “surreal” in Paragraph 4 mean ?
A．Ordinary. B．Fantastic.
C．Disturbing. D．Entertaining.
4．What des the text mainly talk abut?
A．A cmedy named Never Have Ⅰ Ever.
B．A girl starring in a new Netflix shw.
C．A phne call that makes a superstar.
D．A questin that changes a girl's life.
B
[2020·枣庄市高三模拟]Rainbwclured rubbish is the clurful waste created by a Swedish city with a unique recycling system. Like many cities in Sweden, Eskilstuna has an impressive recycling recrd. It met the EU's 2020 target f recycling 50% f waste many years ag. But almst everyne wh lives here fllws a strict recycling plicy at hme. Peple are expected t srt their husehld waste int seven separate categries, including fd, textiles, cartns and metal. But what really makes the system stand ut is the bright clur cde.
The reasn fr this becmes clear at the city's recycling plant. The bags arrive all jumbled up because they're cllected altgether, nce a frtnight frm utside peple's huses. But thanks t thse bright clurs, scanners can select the bags and separate them efficiently. The fd waste in green bags is prcessed n site int slurry(浆) t make bigas, which pwers the city's buses. One f the benefits f this methd f recycling is that there is less crsspllutin , s mre f the recycled waste can actually be used t make new things.
Like the rest f Sweden, Eskilstuna is cmmitted t sending zer waste frm its citizens t landfill (垃圾填埋场). Waste that cannt be recycled is incinerated at a lcal plant t generate electricity. This reduces reliance n fssil fuels, but des create greenhuse gases. As cuntries arund the wrld try t imprve their recycling rates, sme may lk t Eskilstuna as an example t fllw—as lng as they think they can persuade their citizens t get busy srting waste at hme.
5．Hw d peple deal with their husehld waste in Eskilstuna?
A．Srting and putting it in clurful bags.
B．Dyeing it with different clurs.
C．Prcessing and recycling it at hme.
D．Srting and taking it ut every week.
6．What is the advantage f the bright clur cde?
A．It avids crsspllutin entirely.
B．The waste can be stred in a fixed site.
C．It's easier t classify the bags f rubbish.
D．The city takes n a clurful lk.
7．What des the underlined wrd “incinerated” mean in the last paragraph?
A．burnt B．brken
C．reused D．washed
8. Which f the fllwing is the best title f the text?
A．Tips n Srting f Husehld Waste.
B．A Swedish City's Recycling Effrts.
C．A Unique Waste Recycling Plan.
D．A New Plicy n Cnservatin.
C
[2020·烟台市高考诊断性测试] If yu've ever been n a fishing bat, yu've prbably seen crwds f birds fllwing it, hping t catch a snack. Nw scientists use thse birds' behavir t track illegal fishing bats.
Researchers attached data lggers t the backs f 169 albatrsses (信天翁) in Indian ceans. Weighing nly 42 grams, the devices included a GPS, which enabled them t detect the presence and intensity f radar signals emitted by bats. That infrmatin was then sent by satellite, s the researchers culd track the lcatin f the birds—and thus the radaremitting bats—in real time.
The scientists then crsschecked that data against the knwn lcatins f bats, cllected frm a system bats use t declare themselves, called the Autmatic Identificatin System (AIS). And nticeable differences appeared frequently.
Mre than a third f the times the bird “lggers” detected radar signals, and therefre a bat, but n such bat appeared in the fficial lg—meaning that the vehicles had likely switched ff their AIS—smething that prbably happens in illegal fishing peratins.
The wrk suggests birds culd be an effective batmnitring tl as lng as illegal fishing peratins dn't target the birds.
Frtunately, such_a_task wuld be difficult. Arund fishing bats, yu can find hundreds f birds at any ne time that are flying arund. And the birds with lggers are nt marked in any way. S it's nt really pssible fr fishermen t pick ut a specific bird.
But what cncerns researchers is that albatrsses ften get caught by sme fishing bats. Thugh regulatins have been established t prtect against that happening—with success—illegal bats dn't necessarily bey. S scientists might be underestimating the risk psed t albatrss ppulatins.
9．What characteristic f albatrsses d scientists take advantage f in their research?
A．Their feeding patterns.
B．Their sense f directin.
C．Their greedy behavirs.
D．Their habit f fllwing fishing bats.
10. Fr what purpse des a bat shut ff its AIS?
A．T seek mre fishes.
B．T have it mistaken fr anther.
C．T avid being detected.
D．T save the truble f declaring itself.
11．What des “such a task” in Paragraph 6 refer t?
A．Identifying birds with lggers.
B．Mnitring illegal bats.
C．Tracking radar signals autmatically.
D．Fishing illegally.
12．What culd be the best title fr the text?
A．AIS: an Effective System t Lcate Bats
B．Humans Are Gd at Discvering Birds' Nature
C．Data Lggers Help Fishermen Get a Gd Harvest
D．Scientists Use Birds t Track Illegal Fishing Operatins
专题能力提升练十九词义猜测题
——猜测词义类A
语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与社会——人物故事——普通高中生麦特里伊·拉玛克里斯南被好莱坞录用
[文章大意] 普通的高中生麦特里伊·拉玛克里斯南尽管没有专业的表演经验，但因为“为什么不是我？”这个巧合的问题而被敏迪·卡灵(Mindy Kaling)的成长喜剧系列招为演员。
1．答案与解析：C 考查细节理解。根据第二段的内容，尤其是第三句“Ramakrishnan credits her best friend fr helping her stay cnfident thrughut the auditin(试演)prcess”及第六句“‘They tld me that I gt the rle，’ Ramakrishnan said”可知，麦特里伊·拉玛克里斯南在试演时的自信使她被录用。故选C。
2．答案与解析：B 考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Her persnal rle mdels，including her high schl drama teacher...‘She encurged me t try ut fr plays and take risks，which nw I'm knwn fr.’”可知，她的高中戏剧老师是她的个人榜样，总是督促她去尝试新事物并且鼓励她尝试戏剧和冒险，而且现在她以这一点而闻名，进而可推断出她对她的高中戏剧老师怀有感激之情。所以选B。
3．答案与解析：B 考查词义猜测。分析句子结构可知，这种经历是上文提到的经历。根据第一段的内容可知麦特里伊·拉玛克里斯南被录用有巧合的因素，所以，她的这种经历是“不可思议的、奇异的”，故画线词与B项词义相近。
4．答案与解析：D 考查主旨大意。本文主要介绍了普通的高中生麦特里伊·拉玛克里斯南尽管没有专业的表演经验，但因为“为什么不是我？”这个巧合的问题而被敏迪·卡灵(Mindy Kaling)的成长喜剧系列招为演员的故事。故选D。
B
语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自然——环境保护——垃圾的分类及焚烧
[文章大意] 在瑞典，环保是生活的一部分，在Eskilstuna也不例外。该市推出“彩虹色”的垃圾回收体系，在回收利用方面取得了令人赞叹的成绩。
5．答案与解析：A 考查细节理解。根据第一段的“Peple are expected t srt their husehld waste int seven separate categries，including fd, textiles, cartns and metal. But what really makes the system stand ut is the bright clur cde”和第二段的“scanners can select the bags”“in green bags”可知，在Eskilstuna，人们会把生活垃圾分类，装在不同颜色的袋子里。
6．答案与解析：C 考查细节理解。根据第二段的“But thanks t thse bright clurs，scanners can select the bags and separate them efficiently”可知，由于垃圾袋鲜艳的颜色，扫描仪可以高效地把它们挑拣并分离开来。
7．答案与解析：A 考查词义猜测。结合语境可推断，此处陈述一种垃圾处理方式。根据画线词后的“at a lcal plant t generate electricity. This reduces reliance n fssil fuels, but des create greenhuse gases”可知，不能回收的垃圾会在当地的一家工厂被处理并用于发电，这减少了对化石燃料的依赖，但也产生了温室气体，故这一处理方式应为焚烧。incinerate“将……烧成灰烬，烧毁”，与A项词义接近。
8．答案与解析：B 考查标题判断。文章主要介绍了瑞典城市Eskilstuna在废物回收方面的种种努力：执行严格的回收政策、焚烧不能回收的垃圾来发电等，故B项最能概括本文主要内容，可作标题。
C
语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自然——科学技术——鸟类追踪器的利用
[文章大意] 本文讲述科学家利用鸟类追逐渔船的天性，在一些鸟身上装上追踪器，追踪那些仪器测不出的进行非法捕捞作业的渔船。
9．答案与解析：D 考查细节理解。根据文章首段可知，科学家利用信天翁追逐渔船的特点去定位渔船。故D选项正确。
10．答案与解析：C 考查推理判断。根据文章第四段中的“the vehicles had likely switched ff their AIS—smething that prbably happens in illegal fishing peratins”可知，有些渔船为了从事非法捕捞作业时不被检测到而关闭了AIS系统。故C选项正确。
11．答案与解析：A 考查名词指代。根据第五段中的“as lng as illegal fishing peratins dn't target the birds”及第六段内容可知这一任务是指渔民识别并攻击信天翁，因为后文中提到跟着渔船的鸟太多，要从中找出某一只鸟并不容易。故选A。
12．答案与解析：D 考查标题判断。本文主要讲述科学家通过鸟类追逐渔船的天性，在一些鸟身上装上轻便的设备，以追踪非法捕捞的渔船。