初中英语8个动词时态时间轴、时态结构搭配图、时态简表、时态复习讲义
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这是一份初中英语8个动词时态时间轴、时态结构搭配图、时态简表、时态复习讲义,共15页。
初中英语8个动词时态时间轴、时态结构搭配图、时态简表、时态复习讲义
初中英语8个动词时态时间轴
would do(动原)
⑧过将
be:was/were going to do(动原)
did(过去式) do(动原) will/shall do(动原)
⑤一过 ①一现 does(三单) ④一将
be:was/were be:am/is/are be:am/is/are going to do(动原)
⑦ ③
past now future
⑥过进be:was/were doing(现在分词) ②现进be:am/is/are doing(现在分词)
⑦过完had done(过去分词) ③现完have/has done(过去分词)
⑨现完进have/has been doing(过去分词)
初中英语8个动词时态结构搭配图
② am/is/are ④+going to
1. be ⑥ was/were ⑧+going to ① do
⑨been be:am/are
① does(三单)
2. ③ have/has be:is
⑦ had
助动词 3. (1) do/does ⑤ did(过去式) 实意动词
(5个) (5) did be:was/were (5种形式)
4. ④ will done(过去分词)
⑧ would
5. ④ shall (只用于第一人称) doing(现在分词)
⑧ should
do /does/did的用法:
1.They like to study English.
变否定句: They do not (=don’t) like to study English.
变一般疑问句:Do they like to study English? 肯定回答:Yes, they do. 否定回答:No, they don’t.
划线提问: What do they like to do?
2. He likes to study English.
变一般疑问句:Does he like to study English? 肯定回答:Yes, he does. 否定回答:No, he doesn’t.
3.He liked to study English.
变否定句: They did not (=didn’t) like to study English.
初中英语8个动词时态简表(表格+图表)
时态
用法
结构
谓语动词构成
标志词
例句
一 般 现 在 时
现在的状态或经常性,习惯性的动作,
也表示主语具备的性格和能力
肯定句中用动词原形及三单
否定句中用助动词don’t和doesn’t
疑问句中用do及三单does
1:一般情况加s. 例:looks, puts
2: 以s, x. ch, sh , 及o 结尾加es. 例:does, goes, watches, washes, guesses, fixes.
3:以辅音字母加y结尾的动词先变y为i再加es.
例:fly----flies. study----studies
1、often. usually. always. sometimes.
2、every + 时间类:eg: every day, every week
3、On Sundays类结构.
1.We go to school on foot every day.
2.They often play basketball after school.
3、I always stay at home on Sunday.
一 般 过 去 时
过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态
肯定句中用动词过去式
否定句中用助动词didn’t
疑问句中用did
规则变化:
1,+ed.
2, e结尾+d.
3, 辅音字母+y结尾 改y为i + ed.
4, 双写最后一字母+ed.
不规则变化:参考不规则变化表。
1, yesterday类。
2, last + 时间类。
3, … ago类。
4, in/on + 过去时间。
Eg ; in 2001/on May 1st 2001
5.when引导的时间状语从句
I went to Beijing yesterday.
It happened many years ago.
When he went into the room,he saw a stranger talking with his father.
一 般 将 来 时
将来某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态
will/shall + 动词原形
(shall用于第一人称,will
用于所有人称)
(否定句中will not =won’t)
am/is/are +going to+动原
1, tomorrow类。
2, next + 时间类。
3,… later类。eg; three days later.
4, in/on + 将来时间。
Eg ; in 2008/on May 1st 2006
5,soon, right away.
I will graduate from this school soon.
(我很快就要从这所中学毕业了)/
You will stay alone after I leave.
(我走了之后你就要一个人过了)
It’s going to rain soon.(天快要下雨了)
时态
用法
结构
谓语动词构成
标志词
例句
现 在 进 行 时
现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。
当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作
be(am, is, are ) +doing
(doing叫做动词的现在分词)
1. 一般情况加ing, go-going ,ask-asking
2. 不发音字母e结尾,去e加ing
例:write--writing close--closing
3.以重读闭音节,如果末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写再加ing.例:get--getting . sit, cut, hit, put, forget, run, begin, swim, shop, stop, prefer
1. now
2. look 、listen
3.these days
4.上下文提示
What are you doing up in the tree?
(你在树上干什么?)
I am writing a long novel these days.
(我最近在写一本长篇小说)
过 去 进 行 时
过去某一时间正在进行或发生的动作
was/were +doing
同上
then, at that time,
this time yesterday,
at (eight) yesterday (morning),
(a year) ago,
由when引出的时间状语从句
(时间状语与一般过去时时间状语相同,但更具体, 更精确 )
He was cooking supper this time yesterday. (昨天这个时候他正在做晚饭)
The little girl was playing with her toy when I saw her.
(我看到小女孩的时候她正在玩玩具)
时态
用法
结构
谓语动词构成
标志词
例句
现 在 完 成 时
已完成:
动作在说话之前已经完成,而且对现在有影响,句中无具体的过去时间
未完成:
动作开始于过去,持续到现在,也许还会持续下去,常和段时间连用
1. 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果
have/has + done
同一般过去时态
already, yet, ever, never, before等
Have you decided yet?
I have never seen such fine pictures before.
recently, just , over these years,
in the past few days /weeks,
I have just phoned him.
注意:just(刚刚)用于现在完成时态,
Just now (刚才)用于一般过去时
2. 刚刚和最近发生的动作和状态
since + 段时间+ago
since + 点时间
since + 句子(一般过去时)
for + 段时间
I have lived here since 20 years ago.
I have lived here since 1993.
I have lived here since I came to this city.
I have lived here for 20 years .
注意:肯定句中,非延动词改成延续
3.从过去一直延续到现在的动作和状态
4.从过去到现在一段时间的动作和状态
so far, this morning/ week/ year,
in my life
We have learned so many things from you so far.
I haven’t seen any bird like this in my life.
5.过去的体验和经历
before, ever, once, twice,
many times等
Have you ever been to Canada?
注意:have /has been to 到过某地
have /has gone to 已去某地
时态
用法
结构
谓语动词构成
标志词
例句
过 去 完 成 时
在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”
had + done(过去分词)
同一般过去时态
1.by ,before 等构成的短语,2.when ,before ,until等引导的从句
3.通过上下文表示
We had reached the station before ten o’clock.
When I got there ,you had already started playing .
By the end of last year we had built five new houses.
过去将来时
从过去的某一时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态
would+动词原形
was( were ) going to +动词原形
常用在宾语从句中。
I didn’t know if she would come .
I wasn’t sure whether he would do it .
Wang Lei said that she was going to visit her uncle next Saturday
现在完成进行时(了解)
一个从过去就开始一直延续到现在并由可能继续下去的动作,它具有现在完成时和现在进行时双重特征
have/has been doing
(现在分词)
同现在进行时
同现在完成时
I have been swimming in the cold water for about two hours.(我已经在冰冷的水里游了将近两个小时)
How long have you been waiting here?(你在这里一直等了多久?)
初中英语8个动词时态复习讲义
一般现在时
一、动词的第三人称词尾变化:
当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词需加-s或-es:
规则
动词原形
第三人称单数形式
一般在词尾加-s,(清辅音后读∕s∕,在浊辅音后读∕z∕;在t后读∕ts∕,在d后读∕dz∕。)
play
leave
swim
plays
leaves
swims
以字母s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的词加-es,读∕iz∕,如果动词原形词尾已有e,则只加-s。
pass
fix
teach
wish
do
passes
fixes
teaches
wishes
does
以辅音字母加y结尾的词,先变y为i, 再加-es,读∕z∕。
study
carry
fly
studies
carries
flies
注意:动词have的第三人称单数是has.
写出下列动词的单数第三人称形式。
1. cook _______2.watch________3.build_________4.have________5.wash________
6. enjoy ______7. go _________ 8 receive ______9 cry______10. close ________
11. drive _______ 12. choose ______13. play ________14. reach ________
二. 一般现在时的用法
1)表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的副词连用。常用的频度副词有: always、usually、often、 hardly ever、never。频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前,系动词、助动词之后。
e.g. He often goes swimming in summer.他夏天经常游泳。
I usually leave home for school at 7:00 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。
2)表示现在的状态。
e.g.My father is at work.He is very busy. 我父亲在工作,他很忙。
The boy is twelve. 这男孩十二岁。
3)表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。
e.g.All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。
My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。
4)表示客观真理,客观存在,自然现象。
e.g.The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。
5)表示按计划或安排好的,或将要发生的动作,可用一般现在时表将来。但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。
e.g.The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
He comes back tonight. 他今晚回来。
6)在复合句中,当主句是一般将来时,时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作(可以总结为“主将从现”四个字)。
e.g. I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时,我将告诉他这个消息。
If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details.
如果你接受这份工作,他们将和你谈谈细节。
巩固练习:
1、Lucy likes going skating with her friends. (改写成否定句)
________________________________________________________
2、Aunt Li’s son has ten toy bears. (对划线部分提问)
________________________________________________________
3、His watch costs 300 yuan. (变成一般疑问句并否定回答)
________________________________________________________
4、I like being a nurse for the old. (变成一般疑问句)
________________________________________________________
5.John told his little daughter the earth________ from the west to the east.
A.Moved B.moving C.moves D.move
6.Betty will call me up when she _______ in Beijing.
A.has arrived B.arrives C.arrived D.will arrive
7. (2020山东青岛)Happiness __________ in the doctor’s eyes every time she sees a patient get well. (shine)
8.(2019山东青岛)Jack is a good learner because he always ___________ what he needs to learn with something interesting.(connect)
一般过去时
一、动词过去式的规则变化:
构成规则
动词原形
动词过去式
一般在动词原形末尾加-ed,(在清辅音后读∕t∕;在浊辅音和元音后读∕d∕;在
∕t∕,∕d∕后读∕id∕。
look
play
work
looked
played
worked
结尾是e的动词在末尾加-d
like
live
hope
liked
lived
hoped
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed
plan
stop
drop
planned
stopped
dropped
结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词,先变“y”为“I”再加-ed
study
worry
cry
studies
worries
cries
注:不规则动词过去式参见八年级下册书P142和九年级书P184-185
写出下列动词的过去式形式。
1. put ________2. drink _______3. cry _______4. pull ________5. ride ________
6.begin ________7. sit ________8. run _________9. take _________ 10.sweep _______
11. stop _______ 12. solve _______13. rob ________14. wait _________15. lie _________
16. turn _______17. explore _______18. drop _______19. clean ______20. produce _____
21.get __________22.laugh________23.pay________24.die_________25.prefer ______
二. 一般过去时的用法
1)表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语yesterday, last week, an hour ago,just now, the other day, in 1982等连用。在一般过去式中,要表达“过多少时间之后”,一般用after,几年后。
e.g.Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了?
After a few years,she started to play the piano.几年后,她开始弹钢琴。
2)表示在过去,经常或反复发生的动作。常与often,always等表示频度的副词连用。
e.g.When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
我是个孩子的时候,常在马路上踢足球。
3)一般过去式也可与today,this week,this month,this year等表现在的时间壮语连用,但这些时间壮语须指过去的时间,决不包含“现在”“此时此刻”的意思。
e.g.Did you see him today?今天你看见他了吗?
巩固练习:
1、 Yesterday I went swimming.(改写成否定句。)
________________________________________________________
2、 He was born in Shanghai.(对划线部分提问)
________________________________________________________
3.----Oh, my God! I _______ you were in Beijing, too! When did you come?
----I have lived in Beijing since 2015.
A. don't know B. didn't know C. haven't known D. wasn't known
4.----Did you do anything interesting last Sunday?
----Not really. I just ______ at home.
A.stay B.stayed C.will stay D.am staying
5.(2020山东青岛)The boy __________ high praise for his efforts to help his classmates last term.(win)
6. (2019山东青岛)He ___________ to hand in his science report last week.(require)
一般将来时
一、一般将来时的构成:助动词will+动词原形
在口语中,will在名词或代词后常缩为’ll,will not常简缩为won’t。在疑问句中,主语为第一人称时(I和we)时,常用助动词shall。
e.g.She’ll go to play basketball. 她要去打篮球。
Shall we go to the zoo? 我们要去动物园吗?
二、一般将来时的用法
1.表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与tomorrow, next year等连用
e.g.I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.
2.表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。
e.g.I’ll come and see you every Saturday next year.明年我将每个星期六来看你。
3.表示说话人对于将来的看法、假设和推测,通常用be afraid,be/feel sure,hope,know,think等后面的从句或与副词perhaps,possibly,maybe等连用。
e.g.I think she’ll go back home for supper. 我想她会回家吃饭。
Maybe she’ll go to the gym.也许她会去体育馆。
三、be going to +do,表示将来。
1.表示主语进行某一行动的打算意图。这种打算常经过预先考虑并含有自己做好某些准备的意思。即计划,安排要发生的事。
e.g.What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢?
The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。
2.表示说话人确信如此或有某种迹象表明某事即将发生。
e.g.Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云,快要下雨了。
3.注意:be going to 和will之间的区别。
两者都用于预测时,be going to意指有迹象表明某件事将要发生,属客观的推测;will则意指说话人认为/相信某件事将要发生,属主观的推测。
两者在时间的发生上,be going to通常表示马上要发生或相当快就要发生的事情;而will不指明任何具体时间,可以指遥远的未来。
e.g.He is gong in to be better. 他的病就要好起来了。
He will be better. 他的病会好起来了。
两者都表示意图时,be going to含有预先计划、准备的意思;will则指未经过预先思考或计划,是临时的一种决定。
在条件壮语从句中,be going to表将来,will表意愿。
e.g.If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.
如果你将要去旅行,最好尽快做好准备。
Miss Gao will tell you the answer if you ask her. 如果你去问高老师,她会告诉你答案。
注:以下四和五两个用法一般性了解即可。
四.be +不定式表将来,表示客观安排或受人指示而将要做某事。
e.g.We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。
五.be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
e.g.He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。
巩固练习:
1. Mrs. Brown is going to buy a digital camera. (对划线部分提问)
________________________________________________________
2.My boss is going to fly to London on business the day after tomorrow. (用often改写句子)____________________________________________________
3.Sam will visit Brazil next week. (变成一般疑问句并否定回答)
________________________________________________________
4.With the development of science and technology,robot cooks _____ in our families in the future.
A.appear B.appeared C.will appear D.is appearing
5.I don't know if I him this evening. If I him, I will give the novel to him.
A. will meet; will meet B. will meet; meet C. meet; will meet D. meet; meet
6.(2020山东青岛)A classical concert ___________ online next month. (hold)
7.(2019山东青岛)English Day is coming, and we ___________ an English party soon.(organize)
过去将来时
一、过去将来时的构成:1、would/should+动词原形
2、was/were going to+动词原形
二、过去将来时的用法:
1、表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中。
e.g.He said that he would finish his work before 9 o’clock.
他说他会在九点之前完成工作。
2、 表示过去的某种习惯,只要would。
e.g.Whenever he has been in trouble,we would give him a hand.
每当他遇到困难时,我们总会伸出援助之手。
巩固练习:
1.He said that he (come)back tonight.
2.I thought it (rain)soon.
现在进行时
一、 现在进行时的构成:am/is/are+doing(动词的现在分词)
二、动词V-ing(动词的现在分词)的构成形式
规则
原形
-ing形式
一般在动词原形末尾加-ing
listen
spend
stay
listening
spending
staying
以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing
have
prepare
close
having
preparing
closing
以重读闭音节结尾的动词,如果末尾只有一个辅音字母,应先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ing
sit
begin
run
put
sitting
beginning
running
putting
以ie为重读音节结尾的动词,先去掉e,把i改为y,再加-ing
lie
die
lying
dying
以er结尾的动词,如是重读音节结尾,先双写r,再加-ing;如不是重读音节结尾,就直接加-ing
prefer
water
swim
run
preferring
watering
swimming
running
写出下列动词的现在分词形式。
1、win 2、relax 3、jump 4、make
5、have 6、talk 7、tie 8、cheer
9、enjoy 10、cry 11、come 12、fit
三、现在进行时的用法:
1.表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生或进行的动作。常与now,right now,at this moment等时间壮语连用。
e.g. We are waiting for you now. 我们正在等你。
2.表示现阶段(说话前后一段时间内),一直在进行的活动。说话时动作未必正在进行。
e.g.Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)
He is thinking about this problem.这些天来他一直在考虑这个问题。
3.表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,常与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
e.g.You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。
4.表示渐变,这样的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
e.g.The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。
5.表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。
表移动的终止性动词(come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等)用于现在进行时,表示即将要发生动作。
e.g.I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
The train is arriving soon. 火车要到了。
一些持续性动词用于进行时,表将来,表示说话者对对方将要做的事情的一种关心。
e.g.Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗?
巩固练习:
1.Bruce often writes letters in English. (用now改写句子)
________________________________________________________
2.They are surfing. (对划线部分提问)
________________________________________________________
3.(2019山东青岛)— Where is Grace?
— She is at the gate of the theatre. She ___________ in line to buy tickets.(wait)
4.(2018黄石)More and more foreign students begin to learn Chinese, and many of them _____Chinese better and better now.
A. are spoken B. spoke C. has spoken D. are speaking
过去进行时
一、过去进行时的构成:was/were+doing(动词的现在分词)
二、过去进行时的用法:
1.表示在过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作,通常与表过去的时间壮语连用。
e.g.At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.
昨天这个时候,我正在收拾东西去露营。
2.表移动的动词,如come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等词的过去进行时,可以表示过去将要发生的动作。
e.g.She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 她告诉我她将去海南度假。
3.在含有时间壮语从句的复合句中,表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后,另一个动作正在进行。
e.g.It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时,正下着雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到达山顶时,阳光灿烂。
4.在叙述或描写过去的事情时,过去进行时经常与其它过去时态,特别时是一般过去时连用。但是过去进行时往往是表示背景。
e.g.One night, he was typing in his study . Suddenly , a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity … .
一天晚上,他正在书房里打字。突然,一个人闯进屋来,切断了电源……
巩固练习:
1.Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
2.As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
A. read;was falling B. was reading;fell C. was reading; was falling D. read;fell
3.(2020山东青岛) Lucy ___________ the new books when I entered the classroom. (give out)
4.(2017上海)Some exchange students with their host families this time yesterday.
A.are chatting B.will chat C.were chatting D.have chatted
5.(2016天津)My mother_____ dinner when I got home yesterday.
A.has cooked B.was cooking C.will cook D.cooks
现在完成时
一、现在完成时的构成:助动词have/has+done动词的过去分词
二、过去分词的构成:
过去分词的规则变化与动词过去式的变化相同,在动词词尾加-ed;不规则变化的过去分词见九年级教科书P184-185《不规则动词表》。
写出下列动词的过去分词形式。
1、bring 2、catch 3、do 4、find
5、eat 6、get 7、forget 8、cut
9、pay 10、know 11、buy 12、see
13、come 14、sleep 15、spend 16、tell
三、现在完成时的用法
1、表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与already, yet, ever, never, just,before 等词连用。
e.g.Have you ever cooked at home? 你吃晚饭了吗?
You have already grown much taller.你已经长高了许多。
2、表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,并可能还要延续。往往和表示一段时间的时间壮语连用,常用的有:for+一段时间;since+过去时间点或从句。(Since 用来说明动作起始时间,for用来说明动作延续时间长度),提问用How long.
e.g.It has been five years since he joined the army .他参军五年了。
They have learned English for eight years .他们已学了八年的英语了。
3、现在完成时需注意的问题:
表示短暂性的动词不能与表示一段时间的壮语连用
appear,begin,borrow,lend,buy,close,come,die,fall,find,finish,join,kill,leave,sell,stop等。
e.g.He has joined the army for five years. (错误)
He has been in the army for five years.(正确)
注意:非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
(错)I have received his letter for a month.
(对)I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
不能和明确的过去时间壮语连用,如:yesterday,last week,in 1998,two days ago等。
have/has been to 和have/has gone to 的区别:
have/has been to
have/has gone to
试举例 :
比较一般过去时与现在完成时
一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,强调动作,不和现在发生联系,常与具体的过去时间状语连用,如yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now等,;现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调的是现在的情况,不能与表过去的时间壮语连用。
I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了)
I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了)
Why did you get up so early? (强调起床的动作已发生过了)
He has been a League member for three years. (强调他是团员)
巩固练习:
1、----Do you know our town at all?
----No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
2、----Have you ____ been to our town before?
----No, it's the first time I ___ here.
A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
3、Do you know ________?
A. how long has he lived here B. how long he has lived here
C. he has lived here how long D. he has lived how long here
4. (2020山东青岛)Some climbers _________ of getting to the top of Mount Qomolangma for a long time. (dream)
5. (2019山东青岛)The writer is so popular that he ___________ more than 200,000 books so far. (sell)
6.(2018山东青岛)---- It’s time to work now.
---- OK. I’ll wake Carl up. He _____ for an hour.
A. has fallen asleep B. fell asleep C. has been asleep D.falls asleep
7.—Are you a basketball player in you school?
—Yes, I______the team 3 years ago.I______in it for 3 years.
A. joined, was B. was joined, am C. have joined,have been D. joined, have been
过去完成时
一、过去完成时的构成:助动词had+动词过去分词
二、过去完成时的用法:
1、表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已完成的行为或存在的状态。即发生的时间是过去的过去。常与“by/before+过去时间”构成的短语连用。
e.g.The train had already left before we arrived. 在我到达之前,火车已经开走了。
He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。
2、表示在过去某一时间点之前已经持续了一段时间的动作或状态,常与for/since引导的表示过去的时间壮语连用。
e.g.I had lived in America for two years before I came here .
我来这儿之前在美国住过两年。
3、表示过去未曾实现的计划、愿望等。这种用法中常用的动词为hope, want,plan,wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等。
e.g.We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
那时我们希望你能来,但是你没有来。
I had thought that all knew about it.我以为他们都知道这件事呢。
巩固练习:
1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
3、The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B,were writing, has left
C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
4、My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find
C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
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