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    2021届高考英语一轮复习考点05形容词和副词考点归纳 试卷

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    2021届高考英语一轮复习考点05形容词和副词考点归纳 试卷

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    考点05 形容词和副词
    高考频度:★★★★★
    【命题解读】
    考查在语篇型填空和短文改错中的形容词和副词的句法功能;对形容词和副词的词性转换也是近几年高考考查的重点之一;形容词和副词的比较级也是考查重点。
    【命题预测】
    预计2021年高考将会更加注重形容词和副词的句法功能, 也会侧重于对形容词和副词的词性转换的考查,另外形容词和副词的比较级也是重点。
    【复习建议】
    1. 掌握形容词和副词的句法功能;
    2. 掌握形容词和副词的词性转换基本规律;
    3. 掌握在形容词和副词的比较级及其固定句型。
    考向一 形容词、副词的基本用法
    1. 形容词的基本用法
    在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、状语等。
    一般情况下,单个的形容词作定语放在被修饰的词之后,形容词短语放在被修饰的词之前。
    He is the only man alive in the village after the earthquake.地震后他是那个村子里唯一活着的人。
    It is a problem difficult to solve.这是个难以解决的问题。
    ■名师点津
    (1)形容词作状语主要表示原因、结果或伴随等,其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。
    Light­hearted and optimistic, she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile. 她无忧无虑、积极乐观,是那种用微笑给别人带来快乐的人。
    (2)有些以­ly结尾的词是形容词,而不是副词。常见的有:friendly, lovely, lively, lonely, elderly, deadly 等。
    2.副词的基本用法
    (1)副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。
    (2019·天津卷)A dog’s eating habit requires regular training before it is properly established.
    狗的饮食习惯在正确建立之前需要定期的训练。
    ■名师点津
    有些副词,如fortunately, luckily, surprisingly, honestly, actually, personally等作评注性状语,往往修饰整个句子,而且它们常位于句首,且有逗号与后面的句子分开。
    (安徽卷)Thankfully, I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end. 谢天谢地,我终于打完比赛了,所有的辛苦最终都是值得的。
    (2)有些副词置于句首可修饰全句,作评注性状语。如:obviously,naturally,surprisingly等
    Fortunately,he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA.
    幸运的是,他没被淹死,被解放军给救了。
    Happily for her,her stepmother was kind to her.
    高兴的是,她的继母对她很好。

    1. ________,she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.
    A. Shy and cautious B. Sensitive and thoughtful
    C. Honest and confident D. Lighthearted and optimistic
    【解析】句意:她无忧无虑、积极乐观,是那种用微笑给别人带来快乐的人。本题考查形容词作伴随状语。shy and cautious 害羞的、小心的;sensitive and thoughtful 敏感的、多思的;honest and confident 诚实的、自信的。
    【答案】 D
    2.Jim went to answer the phone.________,Harry started to prepare lunch.
    A. However B. Nevertheless
    C. Besides D. Meanwhile
    【解析】句意:Jim 去接电话了。与此同时,Harry 开始做午饭。本题考查副词用法。A.然而;B.虽然如此;C.除此之外;D.与此同时。根据前后句逻辑关系,应选择表示并列关系的D。
    【答案】 D
    3.We only had $100 and that was________to buy a new computer.
    A. nowhere near enough B. near enough nowhere
    C. enough near nowhere D. near nowhere enough
    【解析】 句意:我们只有100美元,离买台新电脑的钱还差得远呢。本题考查修饰词顺序。not anywhere near
    或nowhere near:far from,not at all远非,绝不是,为固定短语。
    【答案】 A
    4.When it was his turn to deliver his speech,________,he walked towards the microphone.
    A. nervously and embarrassingly B. nervous and embarrassedly
    C. nervously and embarrassing D. nervous and embarrassed
    【解析】该题考查形容词作状语。形容词一般作定语,但也可作状语。如:He lay in bed,awake.再如:Her husband came back,drunk.
    【答案】D
    考向二 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
    (一)比较级和最高级的构成
    (1)规则变化
    词形分类及变化构成
    原级
    比较级
    最高级
    单音节词和少数双音节词
     
    一般加­er或­est
    tall
    taller
    tallest
    long
    longer
    longest
    以­e结尾的,只加­r或­st
    nice
    nicer
    nicest
    fine
    finer
    finest
    以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的,先双写该辅音字母再加­er或­est
    big
    bigger
    biggest
    hot
    hotter
    hottest
    fat
    fatter
    fattest
    以“辅音字母加­y”结尾的,先变y为i再加­er或­est
    happy
    happier
    happiest
    easy
    easier
    easiest
    其他双音节词和多音节词
    在前面加more或most
    difficult
    more difficult
    most difficult
    beautiful
    more beautiful
    most beautiful
    ■名师点津
    (1)有少数几个双音节以及­ow,­er,­le结尾的词,既可以加­er和­est, 又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。常考的词有:common, clever, simple, quiet, stupid等。
    (2)表示“最高程度”的形容词,如excellent, extreme, perfect, favorite, wonderful等,没有最高级,也不能用比较级。有些词不与than连用可用于比较,如be senior to等。
    (2)不规则变化
    原级
    比较级
    最高级
    good/well
    better
    best
    bad/ill
    worse
    worst
    many/much
    more
    most
    old
    older/elder
    oldest/eldest
    little
    less
    least
    far
    farther(具体)
    farthest(具体)
    further(抽象)
    furthest(抽象)
    (二)形容词、副词比较等级的用法
    1.原级的用法
    (1)“as+形容词/副词原级+as”与“not+as/so+形容词/副词原级+as”表示同级比较,即两个或两部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同/不同。
    He doesn't run so/as fast as his younger brother.他没有他弟弟跑得快。
    (2)当as ...as结构中有名词时,可用以下结构:

    Henry does not have so/as many books as I have.亨利的书没有我的书多。
    2.比较级的用法
    (1)“形容词/副词比较级+than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更……”。“less+多音节形容词/副词原级+than”结构表示“一方不及另一方……”。
    The book is less interesting than that one.这本书不如那本书有趣。
    (2)“the+形容词/副词比较级,the+形容词/副词比较级”表示“越……,就越……”。
    The more interaction the robot has with humans, the more it learns.机器人与人类交流得越多,它学会的就越多。
    (3)“形容词/副词比较级+and+形容词/副词比较级”表示“越来越……”。
    It becomes colder and colder when winter comes. 冬天来了,天气越来越冷。
    (4)“the+形容词/副词比较级+of the two+名词”表示“某人或某物是两者中较……的”。
    Mike is the taller of the two boys. 迈克是两个男孩中个子比较高的那个。
    (5)形容词/副词比较级可以用much, even, still, far, a little, a lot, rather等来修饰。
    It was also much more than we could afford, but far less than the original asking price.
    这个价格仍然远远超出我们能够负担得起的价位,但是它已经远远低于最初的要价了。
    3.最高级的用法
    (1)表示三者或三者以上的比较,常见的结构为“the+最高级+表示比较范围的短语或从句”,表示“……是……中最……的”。
    The dog has a funny, short tail and certainly the funniest face of the dogs in the world.这只狗有一条逗人而短的尾巴,它的脸肯定是世上最逗人的狗脸了。
    (2)“one of the+最高级+可数名词复数”表示“最……的……之一”。
    This is one of the most important events in modern history. 这是现代历史上最重要的事件之一。
    (3)用比较级或原级表示最高级含义。
    ①“否定词语+比较级”表示最高级含义。
    ②比较级形式表示最高级含义。

    (4)最高级可以用序数词及by far, nearly, almost, much, by no means等修饰。

    1. (2020·新课标II卷短文改错)See you sooner.
    【答案】将sooner改为soon
    【解析】考查固定短语。句意:希望尽快见到你。See you soon 译为“希望尽快见到你”,是固定短语。此处不需用比较级。故将sooner改为soon。
    2.(2020·新课标III卷语法填空)One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their 62. (fine) work, so that he could choose the best.
    【答案】finest
    【解析】考查最高级。句意:一天,皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像,于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来,展示他们最好的作品,以便他挑选最好的。结合句意,皇帝想要画家最好的作品,表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。
    3. (2019·新课标I卷·语法填空)Scientists have responded by __noting__ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are ___68___ (high) than they actually are.
    【答案】higher
    【解析】考查形容词的比较级。根据其后than they actually are可知,此处为形容词的比较级,故填higher。
    4. (2017·新课标III卷·语法填空)He screams the___63___(loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.
    【答案】loudest
    【解析】考查最高级。根据后面的of all可知,他声音最大,所以用最高级loudest。
    5. Believe it or not,swimming is________as any to lose unwanted weight.
    A. a way as good B.as a good way
    C. as a way good D.as good a way
    【解析】 考查固定短语。as...as表示"和……一样",固定表达方式有"as+adj./adv.+as""as+adj.+a/an+n.+as"等。
    【答案】 D
    6. —Do you think that the 11th Chinese National Games were a success?
    —Yes,________!It couldn’t be ________.
    A. relatively;better B. approximately;worse
    C. absolutely;better D. fortunately;worse
    【解析】本题考查副词和形容词在语境中的运用。relatively 相对地,比较地;approximately 大约;absolutely 当然是,绝对正确;fortunately 幸运地。根据语境知,第十一届全运会绝对是一个成功的盛会,没有比它更好的了,故C项正确。
    【答案】 C
    【巧学妙记】
    形容词和副词比较等级用法口诀
    1. 比较级与最高级:两者比较than相连,三者比较the在前。
    2. 同级比较:同级比较用原形,as... as永不离;
    as... as加not,只言两者是同一,
    若是not so... as,后强前弱不看齐。
    【妙语诠释】 ①比较级通常和than连用,而最高级前通常有定冠词the;
    ②同级比较一般用as... as表示"与……一样",这时谁强谁弱不能比较出来,而not so... as则表示后者比前者强,翻译为"不如……"。
    【难点释疑】
    比较级表示最高级含义
    1. 比较级+than any other+可数名词单数
    The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China. 在中国,长江比其他任何一条河流都长。
    2. 比较级+than all(the) other+可数名词复数
    China is larger than all the other Asian countries. 中国比亚洲的其他国家都大。
    3. no/never/nothing...+比较级
    Nothing is more valuable than time. 时间比任何东西都珍贵。
    4. "否定词+不定冠词+形容词的比较级+名词"或"否定词+副词的比较级"表示"从未……;未曾……"
    This film is very moving. I have never seen a better one. 这部电影很感人,我从没有看过一部比它更好的。
    考向三 倍数表达法
    倍数表达法
    倍数表达法
    例句
    A+谓语+倍数+形容词/副词比较级(+名词)+than+B
    The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.
    总的来说,泛滥成灾的电子废弃物正以比传统垃圾快三倍的速度增加。
    A+谓语+倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as+B
    This restaurant wasn't half as good as that other restaurant we went to.
    这家饭店还不如我们以前去过的那家饭店的一半好。
    A+谓语+倍数+the+名词(size, length, height, wei­ght等)+of+B
    When you study the local map, you'll find this town is twice the size of that one.当你研究当地的地图时,你会发现这座城镇是那座(城镇)的两倍大。
    A+谓语+倍数+that+of+B=A+谓语+倍数+what从句
    The output of this year is three times that of 2020.=The output of this year is three times what it was in 2020.
    今年的产量是2020年的三倍。

    1. When you study the local map,you’ll find this town is________.
    A. twice the size of that one
    B. twice as a large town as that
    C. twice as larger as that one
    D. twice as larger a town as that
    【解析】句意:当你研究当地的地图时,你会发现这座城镇是那个的两倍大。倍数的表达方式:A is +倍数+the+名词(如size/length)+of B;B项中不定冠词位置错误;C、D项中as后应用形容词原级。
    【答案】A
    2. Peter’s jacket looked just the same as Jack’s,but it cost________his.
    A.as much twice as
    B. twice as much as
    C. much as twice as
    D.as twice much as
    【解析】倍数表达法是形容词比较等级中一种很常用的比较级结构。不管用哪种比较级结构来表示比较,表示倍数的词总是放在比较级结构的最前面。
    【答案】B
    3.My uncle’s house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours,but it is twice________expensive.
    A.as B. so
    C. too D. very
    【解析】 考查倍数表达法。这里的倍数是"twice",由expensive这一原级可知,这里使用了"as...as..."这一比较结构,在具体的语境中,后面的一个as以及后面的成分可以承前省略,即这里expensive后面省略了as ours。
    【答案】A
    考向四 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序
    多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:
    限定词→数词→描绘词→(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色) →出处→材料性质→类别→名词
    a small round table
    a tall gray building
    a dirty old brown shirt
    a famous German medical school
    an expensive Japanese sports car

    Tony is going camping with ___________ boys.
    A. little two other B. two little other
    C. two other little D. little other two
    【解析】由"限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色) --性质--名词"的公式可知数词,描绘词,性质依次顺序,只有C符合答案。
    【答案】C
    【巧学妙记】
    多个形容词修饰一个名词的先后位置的口诀 :
    限定描绘大长高, 形状年龄和新老; 颜色国籍跟材料, 作用类别往后靠。
    其中,"限定词"包括:冠词、物主代词、指示代词、或数词,它位于各类形容词前。它本身分为三位,即:前、中、后。前位限定词有all、half、both、分数和倍数;中位限定词有冠词、指示代词、物主代词等;后位限定词有基数词和序数词,但序数词位于基数词前。如:both my hands、all half his income等。"描绘"性形容词如:beautiful、bad、cold、great等。"大长高"表示大小、长短、高低等一些词。表示"形状"的词如:round square等。"国籍"指一个国家或地区的词。"材料"的词如:wooden, woolen, stone,silk等。"作用类别"的词如:medical, college,writing desk,police car等。 

    考向五 形容词、副词辨析
    形容词副词的区别及用法
    1. late 和later
    He is late. He is half an hour late. 他迟到了,迟到了半小时。
    Three minutes later, he arrived. 三分钟后,他来了。
    2. pleased, pleasing与pleasant
    (1)pleased的含义是“感到满意,高兴”,后常跟介词at, with。例如:
    I'm pleased to see you here. 在这儿见到你很高兴。
    She's pleased with our programme. 她对我们的节目很满意。
    (2)pleasing表示“令人欣喜的”,相当于“giving pleasure”。例如:
    My sister's progress in dancing is pleasing. 我姐姐在舞蹈方面的进步令人高兴。
    The baby has a pleasing voice. 这个婴儿的声音很悦耳。
    (3)pleasant表示“快乐的,愉快的”。例如:
    The girl has a pleasant childhood. 这个女孩有一个快乐的童年。
    To have a pleasant holiday is my favorite. 过一个愉快的假期是我最喜欢的。
    3. living, alive与live
    (1)living作定语时,既可置于所修饰的名词之前,也可置于所修饰的名词之后,译为"活着的,当代的"。在句中充当定语及表语。例如:
    Not all living things live on sunlight. 并非所有的生物都依赖阳光生存。
    My grandparents are still living. 我的祖父母仍然健在。
    (2)alive译为“活着的”,可以在句中作表语及定语。作定语时,位于它所修饰的名词之后。例如:
    He may be the busiest person alive. 他可能是世上最忙的人了。
    Is that sheep dead or alive? 那头羊是死了还是活着?
    (3)alive还有“活泼的,活动的,有生机的”之意。例如:
    You seem very much alive today. 你今天看起来很活跃。
    (4)live表示“活着的”,做“现场直播”讲时可以用作形容词、副词,在句子中可以作定语,表语。
    The programme is live./The programme is broadcast live. 这个节目是现场直播的。
    4. worth,worthy与worthwhile
    (1)worth意为“值得的”,后接v-ing形式,构成“be worth doing”结构,也可接表示价格的名词及钱数;
    (2)worthy意为“值得的”,后接“of+名词(或being+过去分词)”,构成“be worthy of+名词(或being done)”结构或“be worthy to be done”结构。
    (3)be worthwhile to do sth/doing sth例如:
    This coat is worth one hundred yuan. 这件上衣价值一百元。
    This problem is worthy of being discussed. 这个问题值得讨论。
    5. too、also、either
    too和also用于肯定句、疑问句,too多用于口语,also多用于书面语,either用于否定句。Too常用在句末,also常用在句中。
    Are they coming too ? 他们也来吗?
    She is young and beautiful, and also rich. 她年轻漂亮,而且有钱。
    He hasn’t finished it, either. 他也还没有做完。
    6. likely与possible, probable
    likely 的主语可以是it也可以是名词或其它代词,而possible和probable只能用it作主语。
    7. most 与mostly
    most做形容词或代词,如:most students, most of us;mostly为副词,表示大部分情况下,或成分中大部分。如:

    (2020·新课标II卷短文改错)I’m surely you’ll have a good time.
    【答案】将surely改为sure
    【解析】考查形容词。句意:我相信你会玩得很开心的。分析句子,此处be动词am后面需用形容词作表语。故将surely改为sure。
    考向六 几组难点句型详解
    句型1:A is 倍数+the size/length/weight/height…of B.如:
    The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one.
    新扩建的广场是前一个的四倍大。
    句型2:A is to B what C is to D. 意为“A对于B就如C对于D。”如:
    Engines are to machines what hearts are to animals. 发动机对于机器就如心脏对于动物。
    句型3:can't be too+adj. = can't be+adj.+enough无论……都不为过,越……越…… 如:
    You can never be careful enough.= You can never be too careful.你无论怎么小心都不为过。
    句型4:too…to句型的两个意义
    (1) 表示否定意义,意为“太……而不能”。如:
    This question is too hard for me to understand. 这个问题对我来说太难理解了。
    (2) 表示肯定意义,意为“非常,很,极”。当too后面接easy,ready, eager, inclined, willing, thankful, delighted等形容词时,too表示“很,非常”之意,与very表达“很”的意思相同。当too前有all, but, only等词时,形成only /but/all too…to do结构,仍旧表达“非常,很,极”之意。如:
    I’m too glad to hear that. 我对此感到非常高兴。


    题组一 基础过关
    形容词和副词专项综合训练(一)
    Some people think that they will get ill if they use their brains too much.It is not__1________(complete) true.Through many studies, scientists show us that the _2________ (much) you use your brain, the better it will be and the____3_______ (clever) you will become.
    Of course, if you want to keep your mind clear and active , you must take a proper rest and study ___4_____(proper).To the teenagers, using their brains in the morning is good for their health.
    There are many ways to rest.One is a _____5_____ (peace) rest.Sleep is a peaceful rest.Another is an ___6___ (act) rest. For example, take a walk outdoors and do more exercise every day.To change the way of brains' activities is also an ____7________(effect) way to rest.
    In everyday life, ____8______(regular) eating some eggs, meat, fresh vegetables and fruit is also _____9____(benefit) to the brains.
    Wish you to live_____10________ (happy) and stay healthy and young for ever.
    形容词和副词专项综合训练(二)
    I'm more than__1__________(please) to receive your letter for my advice on how to read books ___2_____(correct).To read ____3______(successful) requires right ways of reading, here is my advice.
    First of all,choose a book which is neither too difficult nor too easy for you.If you find it too hard to go on with the book,just put it aside for a moment and change it for an_4_______(easy) one._____5_________(consequent),choose books that you are not only ___6_______(interest) in, but are ___7________(benefit) to you,since reading is not always for fun only.___8________(final ),do make the most of dictionaries,as dictionaries are your ___9_______(good) teachers.
    I hope my advice will be greatly __10_______(help) to you.
    题组二 能力提升
    单句语法填空
    1.(山东省安丘市、诸城市、五莲县、兰山区2020届高三4月模拟) Despite failing in mathematics, Qian ______ (success) entered the Department of Foreign Languages under Tsinghua University in 1929 because of his excellent performance in Chinese and English languages.
    2.(【全国百强校】东北三省三校2020届高三第一次模拟)In the memoir, Michelle speaks ______ (honest) of difficulties she met with in her life.
    3.(【全国百强校】东北三省三校(辽宁省实验、东北师大附中、哈师大附中)2020届高三第二模拟)Though in fear, everyone screamed ______ (delight).
    4. (【省级联考】吉林省名校2020届高三下学期第一次联合模拟考试)When whisky is first made, it is __________ (actual) clear, not brown in colour.
    5. (东北三省四市2019届高三第一次模拟)The stations are ______ (main) built outside the town center, but local transport has been lengthened to connect the high-speed network.
    6.(河南省开封市2019届高三上学期第一次模拟)Coherent perfect absorbers have been _____(experimental)realized in several setups. with the notable exception of a CPA in a disordered medium.
    7.(吉林省辽源市普通高中2019届高三第二次模拟)Chamber of Commerce and Confucius Education Foundation Inc, the festival features recitation of the“Di Zi Gui,”literally translated as "Standards for being a Good Pupil and Child," a book written based on Confucius' teachings that emphasize the _____ (base) necessities for being a good person and guidelines for living in harmony with others, as well as Chinese traditional dances, Shan-dong folk music and photo exhibitions.
    8.(辽宁省葫芦岛市2019届高三下学期第一次模拟)They are faster and ______ (accurate) than human workers and never ask for a pay rise or take breaks!
    9.(辽宁省葫芦岛市2019届高三下学期第一次模拟)The entire process of changing forms in this manner is called the rapid printing technology which is _____ (fair) common in the car industry to produce complex 3D structures quickly.
    10.(山东省淄博市高三第一次模拟考试)The palace complex,home to Chinese emperors for five centuries, ______ (usual)closes by 5 p.m.though some distinguished guests have been taken in after dark on occasion.
    11.(泰安市2019届高三第一次模拟考试)People on social media pointed out that GPS systems would be confused by the five different layers of road,but officials claims that the directions and exits on the interchange are ______ (clear)marked and that even if you make mistakes,it's always easy to turn around.
    12.(2019年03月山东省济南市高三第一次模拟考试)In the movie Coco,for instance,the 12-year-old Miguel and his family dance and sing to celebrate the Day of the Dead,a ______ (tradition)festival in Mexico,when colorful paper-cuts are hung on the street.
    13.(广东省2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟)“Knowing that colder places have more drink related problems could be_______(help)to the efforts in these areas to determine better policies," he said.
    14.(湖南省岳阳市2019届高三第二次模拟考试)The T-Watch Tactical Watch is ready for the “combat” of ______ (day) life.
    15.(山东省日照市2019届高三第一次模拟考试)The Forbidden City draws visitors because of its rich history and ______(culture) significance,but perhaps it should add one more thing to its list of attractions: earthquake shelter.
    题组三 体验真题
    1.(2020·新课标I卷语法填空)Landing on the moon’s far side is 62 (extreme) challenging.
    2.(2020·新课标II卷语法填空)Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and office. 66 (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must.
    3.(2020·新课标II卷语法填空)The 69 (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.
    4.(2020·新课标II卷短文改错)I’m surely you’ll have a good time.
    5.(2020·新课标II卷短文改错)Then I can spare some time to learn it again, such that we can practice together on every day.
    6.(2020·新课标II卷短文改错)See you sooner.
    7.(2020·新课标III卷语法填空)One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their 62. (fine) work, so that he could choose the best.
    8(2020·新课标III卷语法填空)As the small boat moved, 68. (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.
    9. (2020·江苏卷单项填空)The outbreak of Covid-19 has meant an _____ change in our life and work.
    A. absurd B. abrupt C. allergic D. authentic
    10.(2020·天津卷单项填空)According to Professor Johnson, we don’t have to read the book if we don’t want to, as it is ______.
    A.worthwhile B.necessary C.optional D.serious
    11.(2020·山东卷语法填空)In the 18th and 19th centuries, 36. (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art.
    12.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】28.Unlike traditional gyms, app-backed gyms offer people ___________ options to exercise.
    A. casual B. regular C. flexible D. tight
    13.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ___62___ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
    14.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】Her years of hard work have ___63___(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
    15.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】On our way to the house,it was raining ___61___ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get (get)there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
    16. (2019·新课标I卷·语法填空)Scientists have responded by __noting__ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are ___68___ (high) than they actually are.
    17.【2019·新课标I卷·短文改错】I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident.
    18.【2019·新课标II卷·短文改错】One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor.

    题组一 基础过关
    形容词和副词专项综合训练(一)
    1.【答案】completely
    【解析】此题考查词性转化。句意:这并不完全属实。此处语境是副词修饰形容词true, 表达“完全正确”。故填completely.
    2.【答案】more
    【解析】此题考查形容词比较级的用法。句意:你用脑越多,你的大脑就会变得越好。分析句子结构和具体语境, the more...,the better..., “越多。。。。越好”。故填more.
    3.【答案】cleverer
    【解析】此题考查形容词比较级。句意:你用脑越多,你的大脑就会变得越好,你就会变得越聪明。固定结构“the +比较级,the +比较级”,表达“越。。。。。。就越会。。。。。。”。故填cleverer.
    4.【答案】properly
    【解析】此题考查词性转化。句意:如果你想保持头脑清醒和活跃,你必须适当休息和适度学习。 此处语境是副词修饰动词study, 故填properly.
    5.【答案】peaceful
    【解析】此题考查词性转化。句意:休息有很多方法。一是好好休息。此处语境是形容词修饰名词rest作定语, 表达“好好的休息”。故填peaceful.
    6.【答案】active
    【解析】此题考查词性转化。句意:另一种是积极休息。此处语境是形容词修饰名词rest作定语,表达“积极的休息”。故填active.
    7.【答案】effective
    【解析】此题考查形容词的用法。句意:改变大脑的活动方式也是有效的的休息方式。此处语境是形容词修饰名词way作定语, 表达“有效的方式”。故填effective.
    8.【答案】regularly
    【解析】此题考查词性转化。句意:在日常生活中,有规律地吃一些鸡蛋、肉、新鲜蔬菜和水果也有益于大脑。此处语境是副词修饰动词短语eating some eggs, meat, fresh vegetables and fruit, 故填regularly.
    9.【答案】beneficial
    【解析】此题考查形容词的用法。句意:同上。固定短语be beneficial to“对。。。。。。有好处”。故填beneficial.
    10.【答案】happily
    【解析】此题考查词性转化。句意:祝你生活愉快,永远保持健康和年轻。此处语境是副词修饰动词live, 故填happily.
    形容词和副词专项综合训练(二)
    1.【答案】pleased
    【解析】此题考查词性转化。句意:我很高兴收到您的来信。be pleased to do sth是一个系表结构短语,表语需要用形容词形式,故填pleased.
    2.【答案】correctly
    【解析】此题考查词性转化。句意:收到你的来信向我征求关于如何正确地读书我感到万分荣幸。副词修饰动词短语read books,需要把形容词改成副词。故填correctly.
    3.【答案】successfully
    【解析】此题考查副词的用法。句意:成功地读书需要正确的阅读方式,以下是我的建议。副词修饰动词read,需要把形容词改成副词。故填successfully.
    4.【答案】easier
    【解析】此题考查形容词比较级。句意: 如果你觉得很难继续读这本书,就把它放在一边一会儿,然后把它换成一本比较容易的。根据句意和语境,需要用形容词的比较级,故填easier.
    5.【答案】consequently
    【解析】此题考查词性转化。句意:因此,选择你感兴趣的书籍阅读。句首状语“因此”,把形容词consequent改成副词consequently。故填consequently.
    6.【答案】interested
    【解析】此题考查词性转化。句意: 选择那些不仅你感兴趣的书,而且对你有好处的书籍,因为阅读并不总是为了乐趣。 固定短语be interested in...“对。。。。。。感兴趣”,故填interested.
    7.【答案】beneficial
    【解析】此题考查词性转化。句意:同上。固定短语be beneficial to...“对。。。。。。有好处”,故填beneficial.
    8.【答案】finally
    【解析】此题考查形容词的用法。句意:最后,一定要充分利用字典,因为字典是你最好的老师。句首状语“最后”,把形容词final改成副词finally,故填finally.
    9.【答案】best
    【解析】此题考查形容词的最高级。句意:同上。根据上下文语境和句意,需要用形容词的最高级。故填best.
    10.【答案】helpful
    【解析】此题考查词性转化。句意:我希望我的建议能很大程度地帮助你。固定短语be helpful to...“对。。。。。。有帮助”,故填helpful.
    题组二 能力提升
    单句语法填空
    1.【答案】successfully
    【解析】考查副词。此处enter“进入”是动词,副词修饰动词,故答案为successfully。句意:尽管在数学上不及格,但钱钟书因为他在中、英文方面表现优异而于1929年成功进入清华大学外语系。
    2. 【答案】honestly
    【解析】考查副词。句意:在回忆录中,米歇尔诚实地讲述了在生活中遇到的困难。修饰动词speaks用副词,故填honestly。
    3.【答案】delightedly
    【解析】考查副词。该空修饰动词screamed,用副词,所以填delightedly。
    4. 【答案】actually
    【解析】考查副词。句意:当威士忌酒初次酿造时,它的颜色实际上是清澈的,而不是棕色的。此处用副词作状语修饰谓语动词,故填actually。
    5.【答案】mainly
    【解析】考查副词。句意:高铁站主要修在市郊,因此当地的交通延伸到高铁站来连接全国高铁网络。修饰动词build用副词,故用mainly。
    6. 【答案】experimentally
    【解析】考查副词。修饰动词realize需要副词形式,故填experimentally。
    7.【答案】basic
    【解析】 考查形容词。此处修饰名词necessities用形容词,指基本的需要。故填basic.
    8.【答案】more accurate
    【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意:他们比人类工人更快、更精确,并且从不要求加薪或休息。根据上文faster和下文的than可知此次应使用比较级,accurate为多音节词,故填more accurate。
    9. 【答案】fairly
    【解析】考查副词。common为形容词,需要副词修饰,故填fairly。
    10.【答案】usually
    【解析】考查副词。句意:故宫是中国五百年帝王的居所,通常在下午5点前关闭,尽管有些尊贵的客人在天黑以后才被接待。修饰动词closes用副词,故填usually。
    11.【答案】clearly
    【解析】考查副词。句意:但官员们声称,交汇处的方向和出口都被做了明显的标记,即使你犯了错误,也很容易调头。mark为动词,需要副词修饰,故填clearly。
    12.【答案】traditional
    【解析】考查形容词。句意:比如在电影《追梦环游记》里面,12岁男孩Miguel与家人唱歌跳舞来庆祝亡灵节,一个传统的墨西哥节日。修饰名词festival用形容词,故用traditional。
    13.【答案】helpful
    【解析】考查形容词。句意:知道寒冷地区有更多与饮酒有关的问题,可能有助于这些地区制定更好的政策。固定搭配:be helpful to“对---有用”,be动词后面用形容词做表语,故答案为helpful。
    14.【答案】daily
    【解析】考查形容词。句意:如今T-Watch Tactical Watch手表准备接受日常生活中的损耗。修饰名词life用形容词,故用daily。
    15. 【答案】cultural
    【解析】考查形容词。此处修饰significance,做定语,应使用形容词。故填cultural。
    16.【答案】actively
    【解析】考查副词。句意:但更多年轻、有工作的城市居民推迟甚至不积极主动寻找伴侣。分析句子可知,本空在句中修饰动词seek,修饰动词要用副词形式,故填actively。
    17.【答案】fairly
    【解析】考查副词。句意:这个想法非常简单:找到一片垃圾,拍一张照片,把照片上传到网上,然后把垃圾扔进垃圾桶里。句中应该使用副词充当状语修饰形容词simple。所以要填fairly。
    题组三 体验真题
    1.【答案】extremely
    【解析】考查副词。句意:登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging,应使用extreme的副词形式,故填extremely。
    2.【答案】Certainly
    【解析】考查副词。句意:当然在假期期间,这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语做时间状语,因此只有改变成副词才能复合句子结构,用副词形式做状语。故填Certainly。
    3.【答案】beautiful
    【解析】考查形容词。句意:美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾,做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词branches,用形容词形式。故填beautiful。
    4.【答案】将surely改为sure
    【解析】考查形容词。句意:我相信你会玩得很开心的。分析句子,此处be动词am后面需用形容词作表语。故将surely改为sure。
    5.【答案】将such改为so
    【解析】考查副词。句意:然后我就可以抽出时间重新学习它,这样我们就可以每天一起练习。分析句子,此处应表示“以便;所以”。故将such改为so。
    6.【答案】将sooner改为soon
    【解析】考查固定短语。句意:希望尽快见到你。See you soon 译为“希望尽快见到你”,是固定短语。此处不需用比较级。故将sooner改为soon。
    7.【答案】finest
    【解析】考查最高级。句意:一天,皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像,于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来,展示他们最好的作品,以便他挑选最好的。结合句意,皇帝想要画家最好的作品,表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。
    8.【答案】gently
    【解析】考查副词。句意:当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时,山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语,表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。
    9. 【答案】B
    【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:新冠肺炎疫情的爆发,给我们的生活和工作带来了一个突然的变化。A. absurd荒谬的;B. abrupt突然的;C. allergic过敏的;D. authentic真实的。根据常识可知,新冠肺炎疫情给我们的生活和工作带来了一个突然的变化。故选B。
    10.【答案】C
    【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:根据约翰逊教授的说法,如果我们不想读这本书,就不必读,因为它是可选择的。A. worthwhile值得的;B. necessary必要的;C. optional 可选择的,选修的;D. serious严肃的,认真的。根据“we don’t have to read the book if we don’t want to”可知,这本书读不读都可以,由此可知,它是“可选择的”。故选C。
    11.【答案】wealthy
    【解析】考查形容词。句意:在18和19世纪,富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此处修饰名词people,应使用形容词,做定语。故填wealthy。
    12.【答案】C
    【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意:不像传统的体育锻炼,有app软件的体育锻炼提供了灵活的锻炼选项。A. casual偶然的,随便的;B. regular定期的,有规律的;C. flexible灵活的;D. tight紧的,密封的。故选C。
    13.【答案】poorly
    【解析】考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知,此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied,意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。
    14.【答案】finally
    【解析】考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知,此处应用副词形式作状语,修饰谓语动词have been acknowledged,意为“最终得以认可”,故填finally。
    15.【答案】so
    【解析】考查副词。句意:在我们去那座房子的路上,雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到达那里。“so…that…”意为“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句。故填so。
    16. 【答案】higher
    【解析】考查形容词的比较级。根据其后than they actually are可知,此处为形容词的比较级,故填higher。
    17.【答案】interesting改为interested
    【解析】考查形容词用法。“interest(使感兴趣;使关注)”的形容词有interesting(使人感兴趣的)常修饰物;与interested(表现出兴趣的)常修饰人。本句的意思为:多亏一个偶然的事件,我对踢足球产生了兴趣。主语是I,故将interesting改为interested。
    18.【答案】amazing改为amazed
    【解析】考查形容词用法。“amaze(使惊奇;使惊愕)”形容词形式有amazed(大为惊奇)与amazing(令人大为惊奇的)。本句话中主语为I,句意:病人看完医生就会感觉好很多,对此我感到惊奇,而不是我令别人惊奇。故将amazing改为amazed。

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