2020版高考英语新设计大一轮译林版讲义：第一部分模块三Unit3

Unit 3　Back to the past



Ⅰ.单词语境记忆
1.deliver a lecture 　发表演讲
2.a restaurant nearby 附近的宾馆
3.ahead of time 提前
4.The rain poured down. 大雨倾盆而下。
5.flee from his hometown 逃离他自己的家乡
6.ruin your future 毁掉将来
7.an opening ceremony 开幕式
8.historical documents 历史文献
9.the Statue of Liberty 自由女神像
10.a memorial to the soldiers 士兵纪念碑
Ⅱ.词性转换与派生记忆
1.found vt.创建；建立，创办→foundation n.建筑物；基金会
2.judge v.判断；审判n.法官→judgement n.判断；判决
3.decorate vt.装饰，装潢→decoration n.装饰，装饰品
4.destroy vt.毁坏，摧毁→destruction n.破坏，毁灭→destructive adj.破坏性的，毁灭性的
5.wealthy adj.富有的，富裕的→wealth n.财富，财产
6.gradually adv.渐渐地，逐渐地→gradual adj.逐渐的，逐步的
7.wooden adj.木制的→wood n.木料，树林
8.explode vi.爆炸→explosion n.爆炸，爆发
9.complain vi.抱怨→complaint n.抱怨
10.expression n.表达；表情，神色→express vt.表达，表示
11.declare vt.宣布，宣称→declaration n.宣布，宣告；声明
12.educate vt.教育→education n.教育，培养→educator n.教育者，教育家→educated adj.受到教育的
13.aware adj.意识到的，知道的→awareness n.认识，意识
14.remains n.遗物，遗迹，遗骸→remain v.遗留，剩余；继续存在→remaining adj.剩余的
15.unfortunate adj.不幸的，遗憾的→unfortunately adv.不幸地→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地
16.poison n.毒药(物)vt.毒害，下毒→poisonous adj.有毒的
17.memorial n.纪念馆，纪念碑 adj.纪念的→memory n.记忆(力)；回忆→memorize vt.记忆；背诵
18.basis n.基础；基准；根据→basic adj.基础的→base n.基地；根基；基础 v.以……为基础

『联想记忆』
1.后缀“-ous”形容词一览
①humourous　幽默的
②dangerous 危险的
③mountainous 多山的
④continuous 连续的
⑤poisonous 有毒的
⑥numerous 大量的
2.一起听“报告，演讲”
①speech n. 报告，演讲
②report n. 报告
③lecture n. 演讲，讲座
④address n.& v. 演讲，致辞
3.词根“-rupt”“破”法多
①erupt v. 火山“爆发”向外破
②interrupt v. “打搅”是在中间破
③corrupt v. “腐败”是共同破
④abrupt adj. “唐突”把气氛打破
⑤bankrupt n. 银行打破是“破产”
4.“n.＋n.”合成名词一览
①steamboat 汽船
②armchair 扶手椅
③sandstorm 沙尘暴
④teamwork 协作
⑤airfield 飞机场
5.“纪念；记忆”相关的词
①memory n. 记忆；记忆力
②memorize v. 记忆，记住
③memorial n. 纪念碑
④monument n. 纪念碑
6.press家族
①press v.& n. 按；压
②pressure n. 压力
③impress v. 留下印象
④impression n. 印象
⑤express v. 表达
⑥expression n. 表达；表情

1.The soldiers marched through the forest in March.这些士兵在三月份穿越森林。
2.They found that the organization was founded in 1996.他们发现这个组织成立于1996年。
3.Judging from what the judge said，the candidate performed very well.
从这个评委说的话判断，候选人表现得很好。

1.take over　　夺取；接管
2.turn out 结果是
3.break down 分解；失败；崩溃；抛锚
4.together with 与……一起
5.go through 穿过；通过；浏览；经受
6.carry out 执行，贯彻，完成，履行
7.in memory of 纪念
8.rise up against 起义，反抗
9.stand in one’s path 阻碍(某人)
10.come down with 患(病)
11.have enough of 对……感到厌烦
12.take part in 参加
13.ahead of 在……前面
14.declare war against/on 向……宣战
『词块记忆』
1.attend a lecture听讲座
2.the surrounding countryside周围的村庄
3.under government protection在政府保护下
4.a stopping point停靠点
5.cultural heritage site文化遗产/遗址
6.throughout the world全世界
7.from all over the country来自全国各地的
8.in good condition情况良好
9.be of great cultural value具有极大的文化价值
10.ancient civilizations古代文明
11.the major navy bases主要海军基地
12.have a deep influence on对……有深的影响
13.under protection受保护
14.no doubt无疑，确实

1.Many people were buried alive，and so was the city.很多人都被活埋了，整座城市也被掩埋了。
2.It turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city，their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared，leaving empty spaces in the ash.
原来，火山灰覆盖了没能逃离城市的人，他们的身体几乎全部烧化消失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空当。
3.The desert was once a green land with huge trees，but they were cut down and that resulted in the city being buried by sand—what a pity!
这片沙漠曾是一块长着参天大树的绿洲，但是大树被砍倒了，这导致了这座城市被风沙覆盖——多么遗憾啊！
4.In less than 9 minutes，the ship sank with 1，177 men on board.
在不到9分钟的时间里，船连同船上的1 177人都沉了下去。
5.Now that we’re finished，does anyone have any questions？既然我们结束了，还有人有问题吗？
6.When asked how a statue from distant Greece could have appeared in China...
当被问及来自遥远希腊的塑像怎么会出现在中国时……

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The economic impact of the arts is often overlooked and badly judged (判断).(2018·江苏高考任务型阅读)
2.This wall is a war memorial (纪念碑) and it has the name of everyone who died in the war.
3.The little boy，buried under the ruins (废墟) for nearly two days，was found by the rescue team.
4.The flood last year in the south was a real disaster (灾难)，leaving some people missing.
5.As we all know，France is the first country to declare (宣布) war on Libya.
6.Without saying a word，Anna took hold of my arm and marched (前进) me off to the headmaster’s office.
7.The man got poisoned (中毒) after drinking the water in the bottle.
8.Women are now aware (意识到的) of their rights and are prepared to stand up to their employer.
9.I wanted to show the audience (观众) a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized life.
10.The new university held its opening ceremony (典礼) on Sep.3 to welcome its first freshmen.
Ⅱ.词性变化练习
1.If so，he could gradually raise public moral awareness(aware).
2.She took up the red flag and rushed out without any hesitation (hesitate) on hearing order.
3.Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy，wealthy (wealth)and wise.
4.Thanks to the good care of the nurses，the boy is gradually (gradual) recovering from his lung operation.
5.After he came to power，everyone said he was a powerful leader，but now he feels so powerless that he even can’t save his daughter.(power)
6.An employment contract is not only an exchange of labour and wages，but also a union between an employer and an employee.(employ)
7.Though the trip to the memorial was over，it left a permanent memory on me.I will memorize the deeds done by heroes.(memory)
Ⅲ.选词填空
together with，turn out，break down，take over，carry out，in memory of，no doubt，have enough of
1.Miss Smith is leaving to get married and Miss Jones will be taking__over the class.
2.The rumor that Tom washed his socks once a month turned__out to be untrue.
3.When the car broke__down on the highway for a third time，John’s patience completely ran out.
4.It is more difficult to carry__out a plan than to think one out.Just as you know，saying is one thing and doing another.
5.There’s no__doubt that the 3D technology can print a variety of items that traditional manufacturing can’t make.
6.Adult readers，together__with young adults and children，have expressed interest and appreciation for the book’s subject matter.
7.The congress opened with a minute’s silence in__memory__of those who died in the struggle.
8.I was surprised that you haven’t had__enough__of him，yet I found him very boring.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.I want to be a doctor，and so__does__Mary.
我想当一名医生，玛丽也想。
2.He has never heard of a__woman__being__a__pilot.
他从来没有听说过女人当飞行员。
3.If__(it__is)__properly__treated，waste will do no harm to the environment.
如果废物妥善处理，就不会对环境造成危害。
4.The children looked light-hearted now__that__the__final__exam__was__over.
由于期末考试结束了，孩子们看上去都很轻松愉快。
5.More highways have been built in China，making__it__much__easier for people to travel from one place to another.
中国建成了越来越多的公路，这使得人们从一个地方到另一个地方旅游变得更容易。

核心要点突破
1.pour vi.涌流，倾泻；(雨)倾盆而下 vt.倒出(液体)；涌出
pour in　涌进
pour into 涌进……
pour out (of...) (从……)涌出；倾诉
pour down (雨)倾盆而下
单句语法填空
①The boiling water is so hot that I ought to pour the water into a cup to make it cold.
②Hardly had I got home when the rain poured down.
[佳句背诵] They poured in and I showed them how to make tea.(2018·北京高考书面表达)
他们蜂拥而入，然后我给他们展示如何沏茶。
2.ruin n.[C](pl.)废墟，遗迹；[U]毁坏，毁灭，崩溃 vt.破坏；毁灭；使破产
be/lie in ruins　成为废墟
ruin one’s health/fame/future/pleasure
毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途/好心情
单句语法填空/完成句子
①When they returned to Rockaway the next day，they found their neighborhood in ruins.(2016·北京高考阅读B)
②If you go on doing like this，you will ruin__your__bright future.
如果你继续这样做，将会毁了你美好的前程。
[佳句背诵] In order not to be ruined by online shopping，I suggest that each online shopper learn self-control and make every minute and every penny count.
为了从网购中受益而不是被它给毁了，我建议每一位网购者学会自控并让自己的每一分钟和每一分钱都有意义。
3.remains n.遗物，遗迹，遗骸；剩余物
(1)remain＋
(2)remaining adj.　　　　　　　剩余的
句型转换
①She used the remaining (remain) 50 dollars to buy her mother a gift.
→She used the 50 dollars left (leave)to buy her mother a gift.
②The guests came in，but she remained seated (seat) at the desk reading.
→The guests came in，but she remained sitting (sit) at the desk reading.
[佳句背诵] When it came to an end，they remained to be interested in Chinese culture.(2018·北京高考书面表达)
当快结束的时候，他们仍然对中国文化感兴趣。
[名师指津] 当表示“剩余的，剩下的”意思时，常把remaining放在被修饰词之前作前置定语，而left常放在被修饰词之后作后置定语。
4.complain vi.抱怨
(1)complain that...　　抱怨……
complain about/of sth 抱怨/投诉某事
(2)complaint n. 抱怨，投诉
make a complaint about/of... 投诉/抱怨……
句型转换
They complained of injustice in the way they had been treated.
→They made__a__complaint__of injustice in the way they had been treated.
[佳句背诵] I am now writing to complaint of/about the service of your hotel.
现在，我写此信意在投诉贵宾馆的服务。
5.declare vt.宣布，宣称；宣告；声明
declare for/against　　　　　公开支持/反对
declare war on/against... 对……宣战
declare that... 宣布……
完成句子/句型转换
①In September 1939，Britain declared__war__on Germany after Germany invaded Poland.
1939年9月，在德国入侵波兰后，英国向德国宣战。
②He declared that the girl was head of our department.
→He__declared__the__girl__to__be__head__of__our__department.
[佳句背诵] They declare that they found the dangerous situation，where three men circled the wolf.
他们宣布他们发现了危险的情况，三个人围住了这头狼。
6.aware adj.意识到的，知道的；察觉到的
(1)be aware that...　　　知道……；意识到……
be/become aware of 知道/意识到
make sb aware of 使某人意识到
(2)awareness n. 认识，意识
develop an awareness of 逐渐意识到……
raise awareness of 提高……的意识
完成句子/句型转换
①The campaign aims to raise__awareness__of__the__dangers__of__passive__smoking.
这项运动旨在使人们意识到被动吸烟的危害。
②As a member of the society，I realize that being responsible is what it takes to make a better society.
→As a member of the society，I am__aware__that being responsible is what it takes to make a better society.
[佳句背诵] You’d better be aware of the importance of being punctual.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)
你最好认识到准时的重要性。
7.judge n.法官，审判员；裁判员 v.判断；审判；裁判
[一词多义] 写出下列句中judge的含义
①He stood emotionless as he heard the judge pass sentence.法官
②A judge decides who will be the winner of a competition.裁判员
③Judging from what he has just said，the company will reduce the staff.判断
(1)judge...from/by...　从……来判断
judge between right and wrong
判断是非
(2)judging by/from 从……上看；根据……判断
单句语法填空
④It is not right to judge a person only by/from the clothes he wears.
⑤Judging (judge) things from as many sides as possible is a skill that needs improving all the way.
8.take over 夺取，占据；接替；接管
take up　　　拿起；占用；开始(从事)
take off 起飞；脱掉(衣服等)；开始获得成功
take in 吸收；欺骗；理解
take down 写下，记录下；拆除
take on 承担；呈现；雇用
单句语法填空
①Our manager told me that I would take over the job as branch manager next month.
②With economy recovering，more and more workers are taken on.
③I know how busy you must be and naturally I won’t want to take up too much of your time.
[佳句背诵] Next time you take a walk，no matter where it is，take in all the sights.(2018·天津高考阅读D)
下一次你散步的时候，无论你在哪里，要细心观看所有风景。
9.in memory of 纪念
in honour of　　　为了向……表示敬意，纪念……
in view of 鉴于，考虑到，由于
in search of 寻找
in terms of 就……而言
in need of 需要
in favour of 赞同，支持
完成句子
①They will build a monument in__memory/honour__of the national hero.
他们将建造一座纪念碑来纪念这位民族英雄。
②Only one third of the people present at the meeting voted in__favour__of the new law.
参加会议的仅三分之一投票赞成新法律。
[佳句背诵] In terms of tea-drinking，China has a long history.(2018·北京高考书面表达)
就饮茶而言，中国有很长的历史。
10.no doubt 无疑，确实
(1)There is no doubt that...　毫无疑问……
There is some doubt whether...
怀疑是否……
without doubt 毫无疑问
(2)don’t doubt that... 不怀疑……
doubt whether/if... 怀疑/不相信是否……
单句语法填空
①I don’t doubt that my father will come to watch my performance，but I doubt whether/if he can come on time.
②There is still some doubt whether the autumn sports meeting will be held in our school.
[佳句背诵] There is no doubt that it can enhance people’s consciousness of health，but it is more likely to result in over-anxiety.(广东高考写作)
毫无疑问，它可以增强人们的健康意识，但是更有可能导致过度焦虑。
[名师指津] (1)doubt作动词讲时，在肯定句中接if/whether引导的宾语从句；在疑问句和否定句中接that引导的宾语从句。
(2)当doubt用作名词时，在肯定句中接whether引导的同位语从句；在否定句中后跟that引导的同位语从句。
11.动名词的复合结构
The desert was once a green land with huge trees，but they were cut down and that resulted in the city being buried by sand—what a pity！(教材原句)
这片沙漠曾经是绿树成荫的绿洲，但这些树被砍倒了，结果这座城市被沙尘埋了起来——多么遗憾啊！
本句是but连接的并列句，resulted in后面的宾语the city being buried by sand是动名词的复合结构。city与bury之间存在被动关系，故用being buried。
(1)动名词的复合结构作宾语或表语时，如果动名词的逻辑主语指人，那么该逻辑主语可以用普通格或名词所有格；若指无“生命”的事物，则用普通格。
①The accident led to five people(’s) being killed，including a child.
那起事故导致五人丧生，包括一个孩子。
②What worried the child most was his__not__being__allowed to visit his mother in the hospital.
最让那个孩子担心的是不允许他到医院看妈妈。
(2)动名词复合结构作主语时，动名词的逻辑主语用名词的所有格或物主代词。
③Haiguo__Tuzhi’s__introducing modern technologies and ideas to China opened our eyes to the world.(2016·北京高考满分作文)
《海国图志》把现代技术和理念引到中国，让我们开阔眼界，了解世界。
④His__being__late for the meeting made the schoolmaster very angry.
他开会迟到让校长很生气。
12.with复合结构
In less than 9 minutes，the ship sank with 1，177 men on board.(教材原句)
在不到9分钟的时间里，船连同船上的1 177人都沉了下去。
with 1，177 men on board为with复合结构，即“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”，此结构在句中常作状语，可位于句首或句尾，常作时间、原因、方式、伴随状语，亦可作后置定语。现将with复合结构归纳如下：
with＋宾语＋宾补
①With so many teams to take part in the competition，we should make full preparations in advance.(2018·天津高考书面表达)
由于许多队伍要参加比赛，我们应当提前做好充分准备。
②With several problems remaining (remain) to be solved，we still needed to hold another meeting as soon as possible.
有一些问题尚待解决，因此我们还需尽快再召开一次会议。
③With a guide to__show (show) us around the scenic spots，we’re sure to have a good time tomorrow.
有一个向导要领着我们游览景点，我们明天一定能玩得很开心。
④With more and more forests damaged (damage)，some animals and plants are facing the danger of dying out.
越来越多的森林被破坏了，一些动植物正面临灭绝的危险。
考纲词汇专练
Ⅰ.多义词专练——选择语境中词汇的含义
1.troop
A.n.部队，军人　B.n.一群，一队　C.v.成群结队地移动
①The door opened and in came a troop of children in all sorts of fancy dresses.B
②They all trooped back to the house for a rest after five hours’ training.C
③He says the released documents do not include any top-secret reports or information like troop movements.A
2.march
A.vi.进发，快速齐步行进；行走　B.vi.游行抗议/示威　C.n.行进，前进　D.n.抗议游行，示威游行
①He said that he went on a lot of peace marches when he was a student.D
②He gathered his troops and prepared to march to the capital.A
③The soldiers did a march around the parade ground.C
④An estimated 5，000 people marched through the city to demonstrate against the factory closures.B
Ⅱ.微阅读——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义
1.The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.
(2018·浙江高考阅读C)灾难
2.Yes，there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring.(2017·浙江高考完形)在下面
3.Natalie declares，“My neighborhood will be back，even stronger than before.”(2016·北京高考阅读B)宣布
Ⅲ.微完形——根据语境选出正确选项
1.Tom is thirteen years old and he is wise but his family is not __①__.They have to make a living by raising a few goats.Their small old house is not far from a volcano which used to __②__ many years ago.
①A.unfortunate B.wealthy
C.cultural D.powerful
②A.poison B.march C.erupt D.pour
答案　①B　②C
2.Li Ping studied hard，and __①__，he managed to pass the College Entrance Examination.He was admitted into Xiamen University，which made his parents __②__ happy and excited.
①A.gradually B.fortunately
C.unfortunately D.sadly
②A.hopelessly B.unwillingly
C.powerfully D.extremely
答案　①B　②D

Ⅰ.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式——热考常考
1.So heavy was the earthquake that most of buildings were in ruins.
2.It’s certain that their only child will take over the big business when the couple get old.
3.There is no doubt that keeping an English diary helps you a lot with written English.
4.The sky was darkened by the heavy smoke pouring (pour) from the factory.
5.Judging (judge) from the number of cars，he thought there were not many people at the club yet.
6.His confidence built up gradually (gradual) as he gained more and more experience in teaching.
7.I think you’re coming down with flu and you had better see a doctor.
8.Her book Silent Spring raised awareness (aware) of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals.
9.As a world cultural (culture) relic，the Great Wall needs protection from every one.
10.Tsinghua University，founded (found) in 1911，is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
Ⅱ.用所给词的正确形式填空——不规则变化
1.It was bad luck that my car broke (break)down on the way to Beijing.
2.Years of school life has taught (teach)me a lot of things，of which teamwork is the most important for me.
3.I rose (rise)from my seat and gave them away without hesitation to her and the baby.
4.Word came that the 2024 Olympic Games will be held (hold)in Paris，France.
5.They sat (sit)in the garden，talking about the days they spent (spend)together last year.
Ⅲ.改正下列句子中的唯一错误——易错易混
1.Everyone should be aware with the real situation of water shortage.with→of
2.Judged from his expression，we know that he is pleased with it.Judged→Judging
3.I think there is one problem remains to be solved.remains→remaining
4.Mary together with her friends often go shopping on Sundays.go→goes
5.Unfortunate，it rained heavily on Saturday，and I had to stay at home.Unfortunate→Unfortunately
6.My cousin will take on as director after my uncle retired from the company.on→over
Ⅳ.根据语境判断加黑词的正确含义——熟词生义
A.广阔的　　B.巨大的　　C.法官　　D.法庭
1.There existed an obvious conflict between the accounts of the witnesses，so a judgment was not announced in court.D
2.The judge directed the defendant to remain silent.C
3.Soon after she began classes and private lessons，her family saw a vast improvement in her ability to move.B


Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
I dropped out of college after my freshman year.Three years later，I quit a dead-end job and returned to college.I saw school as my way out.
But I quickly found myself facing the same roadblocks that had caused me to quit before：I was confused about college-level algebra and a heavy workload of reading and writing assignments.Moreover，I was unsure of my career direction.I was ready to drop out again.Then a smartly-dressed woman walked confidently to the front of my English composition class.“Look at you！Look at each and every one of you，”she said.“You’re here to change your lives for the better.And you’re going to make it！”I can’t remember the rest of the speech，but it changed the course of my college career，and my life.
Mrs.Smith didn’t know me from any of the other 40 faces in her classroom，but I felt she was speaking directly to me.Having trouble keeping up with the workload？Break it down into small pieces，and set up a schedule that suits you.If college algebra is too difficult，drop back to introductory college math.As for English composition，she gave us writing assignments we could relate to.“Go for the best，kids.You’re worth it，”she’d say.
I graduated from that college and went on to get my bachelor’s degree.Today，as a college instructor，each fall when I stand in front of a new class，I think of Mrs.Smith and how much teachers can affect their students.She couldn’t have known it when she gave that pep talk，but she made a huge difference to my life.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。“我”回忆起对“我”影响深远的一位老师：Mrs.Smith。
1.Why did the author want to quit school again?
A.He wanted to return to his former job.
B.He decided on his future career.
C.The academic pressure seemed unbearable.
D.Many changes took place in his life.
答案　C　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“I was confused about college-level algebra...I was ready to drop out again”可知，因为学不会大学代数和繁重的读写任务，“我”想再次退学，因此学业上难以忍受的压力是“我”想退学的原因，故选C。]
2.How did Mrs.Smith help the author?
A.She made him feel relaxed.
B.She helped him with algebra.
C.She talked to him directly.
D.She brought him courage and faith.
答案　D　[推理判断题。根据第二至四段的内容尤其是第三段中的“Go for the best，kids.You’re worth it”和第四段最后一句可知，Smith老师鼓励的话语对“我”的生活产生了巨大影响，她给“我”带来了勇气和信心。]
3.What can we infer about the author?
A.He learnt to be a better teacher.
B.He didn’t finish his college education.
C.He became Mrs.Smith’s favorite student.
D.He didn’t understand the writing assignments.
答案　A　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Today，as a college instructor...made a huge difference to my life”可知，受到Smith老师的影响，“我”学着去做一个更好的老师。]
4.What can be the best title for the text?
A.Always believe in yourself
B.Never quit before trying
C.Experience is worth valuing
D.A lady changed my life in time
答案　D　[主旨大意题。根据全文内容尤其是最后一段中的“I think of Mrs.Smith...made a huge difference to my life”可知，这篇文章主要讲述Smith老师对“我”的影响，她改变了“我”的生活。故D项符合文意。]
B
My favorite book，The Secret by Rhonda Byrne，talks about a formula called“SFF”，which stands for “stopping finding faults”.I used to be a critical person and tried to find faults.I guess I somehow inherited this character from my father.Actually many good qualities of my father are worth admiring except this.

My father is the person who constantly looks for mistakes in other people and he thinks no one is perfect in the world.His character created a negative atmosphere in my family.I was the same as my father，so I often felt angry，disappointed，depressed，and lonely in school.
After I had read my favorite book I began to seek“good things” in other people.It has completely altered my life.Now I feel happier，I have more friends，I have more trust in people，and I realize everyone has their own strength! Another important lesson I got from this book is that I should always behave myself in a positive man-ner.Let’s admit that we sometimes complain about our situation.That’s not good.“Believe it or not，people don’t like to listen to negative opinions.”
One more valuable lesson I got from the book is that I should be a good listener.When I was younger，I only wanted people to pay whole attention to my words so that I could show them how important I was.I was very proud and would show off my achievements in school without considering others’ feelings.I had very few friends and most people considered me as an “arrogant” person.Now，I find it much easier to make friends after making some changes!
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文中讲述了Rhonda Byrne的书《秘密》对作者人生态度的影响。
5.Why does the author like the book The Secret?
A.Because he’s found the secret of success from it.
B.Because the book uncovers the secrets of happiness.
C.Because he’s learnt his father’s character from it.
D.Because it helps him change his attitude towards life.
答案　D　[推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“After I had read...in other people”和“Another important lesson I got...in a positive manner”和第四段中的“One more valuable lesson...be a good listener”可知，《秘密》这本书改变了作者的人生态度，故选D项。]
6.What do you know about the author’s father?
A.He makes his son feel angry and disappointed.
B.He likes finding faults with people around him.
C.He seems a critical person but in fact is easy-going.
D.He can create a negative atmosphere when necessary.
答案　B　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“My father is the person...in the world”可知，作者的父亲是一个不停地寻找别人错误的人，他认为世界上没有人是完美的，故B项正确。]
7.The underlined word “arrogant” probably means“________”.
A.self-important B.admirable
C.troublesome D.cold-blooded
答案　A　[词义猜测题。根据该画线词前的“When I was younger...without considering others’ feelings”可知，作者以前为了能够表明自己是多么重要，只希望人们全神贯注于自己说的话。作者在学校非常骄傲，总是不顾及别人的感受而炫耀自己的成绩，因此别人不愿意和他交朋友，大部分的人认为他是一个妄自尊大的(arrogant)人，self-important和arrogant同义，故选A项。]
8.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A.To persuade readers to be good listeners.
B.To share his painful changing experience.
C.To tell readers the influence of a book on him.
D.To show the result of his father’s negative character.
答案　C　[写作意图题。根据全文内容可知，本文重点讲述了Rhonda Byrne的书《秘密》对作者人生态度的影响，使其以更积极和谦恭的态度对待别人。因此作者写本篇文章的目的是告诉读者这本书对作者的影响，故选C项。]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Benefits of Reading
Recently I’ve been on a huge reading kick，checking out anything I can get my hands on in the library.__1__ Here are a few of my favourite ways that reading has improved my quality of life，and will certainly improve yours.
·Reducing stress.
Where I might have had a stressful day，a book can easily refresh me.Fiction is fantastic for this.Reading an awesome fiction book is perfect right before bed time，though sometimes it’s hard to put the book down if it’s really good.__2__
·Improved memory.
I have an awful memory.I usually can’t remember what I’ve eaten for breakfast，let alone things like names and addresses.Yet I’ve been finding that I can remember things much easier when I’ve been reading consistently.__3__ Not really.But I’d say it’s a pretty safe bet that reading has somehow improved my memory.
· Increased vocabulary.
__4__ It’s no secret.But did you know that reading increases your vocabulary more than talking or direct teaching? In fact，language in children’s books is likely to be more fantastic than average conversation.Increased vocabulary is especially important for bloggers or writers.
·__5__
This isn’t much of a surprise，considering that reading improves vocabulary and critical thinking.I feel like a better writer，as I’m constantly surrounding myself with works from people who are better than me.That’s why English classes in high school make you read “the classics”.The more you read the better of a writer you’ll become.
A.Still，you’ll be relaxed.
B.Improved writing skills.
C.Helping broaden horizon.
D.Isn’t it surprising that reading reduces stress?
E.Do I have any scientific data to match this up?
F.Reading increases your vocabulary and improves your spelling.
G.The act of reading every day has helped me in nearly every aspect of my life.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了阅读的好处。
1.G　[空前说明了作者最近在进行大量的阅读，空后说了阅读给自己的生活带来了几点好处，所以，空处内容应与“读书带给我的益处”有关。结合选项可知选G“每天的阅读对我生活的方方面面都有帮助”。]
2.A　[此处应对上文做出总结，这一部分主要介绍阅读可以减少压力，再结合选项可知A“还有，你会很放松的”符合上下文语境。]
3.E　[根据空后“Not really...improved my memory.”可知，空处应是对后面内容的提问，再结合备选项可知E项“我有一些科学资料与之相匹配吗？”符合语境。]
4.F　[根据本段小标题Increased vocabulary可知，这段内容主要介绍阅读的好处——增加词汇量，结合选项可知选F“阅读增加你的词汇量，提高拼写能力”。]
5.B　[本题考查段落小标题。根据“I feel like a better writer”及本段内容可知，这段主要在介绍阅读可以提高写作技能，故选B。]

Ⅰ.完形填空
On a recent trip to California, I was introduced to Smile Cards.I promised myself to __1__ an act of kindness before I left California.I __2__ thinking about it but I didn’t know what to do.
I reached the airport and the __3__ was about to begin when I saw an ice-cream store.I went in and told the guy at the store that I __4__ to do an act of kindness.The guy, named Jose, looked confused.__5__ I explained I had just attended a conference, where I was told Smile Cards and __6__ to do an act of kindness.Jose showed __7__.I told Jose, “Whoever is your next __8__， treat them to some ice-cream and then give them this Smile Card.” Jose __9__ read the card and agreed with a smile that was both grateful and __10__ at the same time.
Since this was my first time, I wanted to know the __11__ of the receiver.“Jose, I have to catch a __12__， but here is my cell number.Would you be __13__ enough to call me and tell me the person’s reaction？”He __14__.
I went to my gate, and as I was about to board, Jose __15__.“I did the act of kindness.The person was very __16__， and asked me to express thanks to the person who paid for them！” I again thanked Jose and boarded the flight feeling __17__.
I really want to __18__ this practice of kindness.I am a professor and I love my work __19__ it makes a difference in the lives of others.And now, I realize that I can do that everywhere.The whole world is my __20__.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文，作者主要叙述了最近在去加利福尼亚的一次旅行中，我得到了微笑卡片。通过接下来的善举，作者深切感受到了生活的意义，觉着拥有了整个世界。
1.A.start B.find
C.prove D.explain
答案　A　[句意：在我离开加利福尼亚之前，我答应自己要开始做善事。start“开始”。这里表示一件事情的开端。]
2.A.practised B.enjoyed
C.tried D.kept
答案　D　[句意：我一直在想，但我不知道该怎么办。keep doing...一直在做……，符合句意。practise练习，实践；enjoy喜欢；try尝试。故选D项。]
3.A.checking B.boarding
C.shopping D.booking
答案　B　[句意：我到达了机场，登机即将开始这时我看到了一家冰淇淋店。board上(飞机、车、船等)。check检查，检验；shop购物；book预订；登记。故选B项。]
4.A.managed B.chose
C.wanted D.forgot
答案　C　[句意：我走进去告诉商店里的那个人，我想做一件善事。want to do sth想要做某事。manage设法；choose选择；forget忘记。故选C项。]
5.A.Then B.Again
C.Yet D.Anyhow
答案　A　[句意：然后，我解释说我刚刚参加了一个会议，……承接上文，作者说明了来由。按照逻辑判断应该用then表示。]
6.A.forced B.ordered
C.allowed D.inspired
答案　D　[句意：……在会上，我被告知微笑卡并被激励做一个善意的行为。force迫使；order命令；allow准许；inspire鼓舞，激励。根据句意选D项。]
7.A.relief B.interest
C.satisfaction D.delight
答案　B　[根据下文Jose的表现可以推知Jose对此表现出了兴趣。relief减轻，安慰；interest兴趣；satisfaction满意，满足；delight高兴。根据语境可知选B项。]
8.A.visitor B.assistant
C.customer D.friend
答案　C　[句意：无论下一个顾客是谁，请给他们一些冰淇淋，然后给他们这张微笑卡。到商店来买东西的应该是顾客(customer)。故选C项。]
9.A.curiously B.calmly
C.politely D.nervously
答案　A　[句意：Jose好奇地读了这张卡片，以一个既感激又困惑的微笑同意了。curiously好奇地；calmly平静地；politely有礼貌地；nervously紧张地。A项符合语境。]
10.A.annoyed B.tired
C.frightened D.confused
答案　D　[句意(同上)，由于店员对此并非很了解，知道了作者的真正意图之后，表现出来又感激又不解的神情。]
11.A.reply B.reaction
C.expression D.decision
答案　B　[根据下文提示，可以得知作者想要了解下一位接受者对此举的反应。reply答复；reaction反作用，反应；expression表达；decision决定。故选B项。]
12.A.bus B.train
C.flight D.taxi
答案　C　[根据上文提到“登机，机场”，可以推知此空应该填flight(航班)。]
13.A.kind B.brave
C.wise D.reliable
答案　A　[句意：请你给我打电话，告诉我这个人的反应好吗？be kind enough to常用搭配结构“劳驾；恳请”。]
14.A.refused B.agreed
C.sighed D.failed
答案　B　[Jose同意了作者的要求，在下文一段话中也体现出来了。agree同意；sigh叹气，叹息。B项符合句意。]
15.A.arrived B.shouted
C.appeared D.called
答案　D　[根据上文可知，如果作者离开后有人接下来去做善举，请打电话告诉作者，所以这里用“call”表示“打电话”符合语境。]
16.A.happy B.active
C.special D.clever
答案　A　[根据下文“请我向为他们付钱的人表示感谢。”这句话可以理解出这位受到帮助的人非常高兴。故选A项，happy高兴的，快乐的。]
17.A.safe B.lucky
C.proud D.energetic
答案　C　[作者因为一次善举给别人带来了快乐，他此时登机的心情应该是自豪的。proud骄傲的，自豪的。故选C项。]
18.A.introduce B.describe
C.explore D.continue
答案　D　[句意：我真的想继续这种善举。introduce介绍；describe描写；explore勘探，探测；continue连续，继续。D项符合语境。]
19.A.once B.because
C.if D.though
答案　B　[句意：我是一位教授，我热爱我的工作，因为它能改变别人的生活。作者通过自己的工作继续这种善举。前后为因果关系，故用连词because“因为”。]
20.A.homeland B.battlefield
C.playground D.mainroad
答案　C　[句意：整个世界都是我的游乐场。homeland本国，故国；battlefield战场；沙场；playground操场，游乐场；mainroad大路；主干道。故选C项。]
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2019·福州质检)The Year of the Dog began on Feb.16，2018 according to the Chinese lunar calendar.Though dogs 1.________(see)as companions and part of the family today，China and Western countries do not have the same cultural 2.________(belief) about dogs.
In Chinese，some words 3.________(concern) dogs don’t have very good meanings，such as “No ivory(象牙) can come out of a dog’s mouth”.But in English，the situation is 4.________(differ).“Every dog has his day” describes a person with a period of good fortune and “work like a dog” is used 5.________(describe) a hard worker.
The dog-human relationship goes right 6.________ to the beginnings of Western civilization，and the friendship between humans and dogs was a common subject for artists.
7.________ fact，people were close to dogs in a way they weren’t close to cows，pigs or even horses.Farmers worked 8.________(close) with dogs.But even after science came to agriculture and dogs lost 9.________(they) traditional roles，the relationship between humans and dogs remained.
Nowadays millions of people keep dogs as pets.People feed them，take them on holidays 10.________ look after them.In return，dogs are loyal(忠诚的) in a way that friends sometimes aren’t.This loyalty is the origin of the English saying，“A dog is man’s best friend.”
【语篇解读】　本文为说明文。本文从狗年谈起，介绍了与狗有关的一些事实。
1.are seen　[根据上下文可知，这里是对常识性知识的介绍，故用一般现在时，see...as...表示“把……看作是……”，这里动词see与主语dogs构成被动关系，故用are seen。]
2.beliefs　[关于狗，中国和西方国家并没有相同的观点。此处belief为可数名词，表示复数概念，故填beliefs。]
3.concerning　[此处应用介词concerning，表示“关于，涉及”。]
4.different　[空处充当表语，说明主语的性质，故用所给词的形容词形式，故填different。]
5.to describe　[use sth to do sth “用某物做某事”是固定搭配，此处是其被动语态，故填to describe。]
6.back　[根据空后的the beginnings可知，空处应填back “追溯至”。]
7.In　[in fact表示“事实上”，为固定短语，故填In。]
8.closely　[空处修饰动词worked，故用副词形式。close作副词时表示“不远，接近地”；closely为副词，表示“密切地，在很大程度上”。根据语境可知，空处应填closely。]
9.their　[根据语境及空后的traditional roles可知，空处应填形容词性物主代词。]
10.and　[本句中feed，take和look after是并列谓语，如果三个或三个以上的谓语动词并列，在最后两个动作之间用and连接，其他的用逗号分开，因此这里用连词and。]