2020版新一线高考英语（人教版）一轮复习教学案：第1部分必修1Unit4Earthquakes



Unit 4　Earthquakes

[单词　拼写应用]
核心单词
1.burst vi.爆裂；爆发
n．突然破裂；爆发
2．disaster n．灾难；灾祸
3．rescue n．& vt.援救；营救
4．bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏
5．destroy vt.破坏；毁坏；消灭
6．damage n．& vt.损失；损害
7．ruin n．废墟；毁灭
vt.毁灭；使破产
8．trap vt.使陷入困境
n．陷阱；困境
9．electricity n．电；电流；电学
10．sincerely adv.真诚地；真挚地
[语境运用]　用所给词的适当形式填空。
1．The earthquake was so big that most of the houses in the small village were completely destroyed (destroy)．
2．With so many miners buried (bury) under the mine，none of the rescue workers would stop to have a rest.
3．A water pipe burst (burst) and the entire apartment was flooded.
4．If it hadn't been for your timely help，we would_be_trapped (trap) in a dilemma now.
5．A large number of soldiers were sent there to_rescue (rescue) those trapped in the building.
6．Disasters(disaster) such as earthquakes and floods are not caused by human beings.
拓展单词
1.extreme adj.极度的→extremely adv.极度地
2．judge n．裁判员；法官 vt.断定；判断；判决→judgement n．意见；判断力；审判
3．injure vt.损害；伤害→injury n．伤害；损害→injured adj.受伤的
4．nation n．民族；国家；国民→national adj.国家的；民族的
5．frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬→frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的→frightening adj.令人恐惧的
6．congratulate vt.祝贺→congratulation n．祝贺；(复数) 贺词
7．dirt n．污垢；泥土→dirty adj.脏的；肮脏的
8．suffer vt.& vi.遭受；忍受→suffering n．苦难；痛苦→sufferer n．患者；受害者
9．shock vt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动 n．休克；打击；震惊→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked adj.震惊的
10．survive vt.& vi.幸存；幸免于→survivor n．幸存者；生还者；残存物→survival n．幸存
[语境运用]　用所给词的适当形式填空。
1．The girl was almost frightened to death when she saw the frightening scene.(frighten)
2．The headmaster wrote a letter to_congratulate her on her good performance and the exciting congratulations encouraged her greatly.(congratulate)
3．Judging from his looks，he must be an honest man.On the contrary，he often robs and steals，so the judge pointed out that a man should not be judged by his appearance.(judge)
4．We were shocked at the shocking news that he died suddenly yesterday.(shock)
5．Rescuers said the injured was taken to a hospital nearby，and fortunately the injury was not serious，not life threatening.(injure)
6．Britain is a developed nation and its national flower is rose.Many people dream of having British nationality．(nation)
阅读词汇
1．canal n．运河；水道
2．shelter n．掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处
3．farmyard n．农场；农家
4．outline n．要点；大纲；轮廓
5．headline n．报刊的大字标题
6．earthquake n．地震
7．track n．轨道；足迹；痕迹
8．event n．事件；大事
9．well n．井
10．pipe n．管；导管
11．steam n．蒸汽；水汽
12．reporter n．记者
拓展联想
1．“A→A→A”式不规则动词变化
①burst→burst→burst爆裂；爆发
②cost→cost→cost 花费
③put→put→put 放下
④hurt→hurt→hurt 伤害
⑤shut→shut→shut 关闭
⑥hit→hit→hit 打
2．“­ing/­ed”结尾的形容词聚焦
①
②
③
熟词生义
你知道下面句子中黑体词的汉语意思吗？
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)We were respectful of craft and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. 刻苦钻研；研究
2．(2014·重庆卷)He had a real gift for handling chores, sheltering me from unpleasant repair jobs. 保护；庇护
3．Mrs. Long, who suffered a stroke after the accident, claimed $27，000 damages from the other driver's car insurance firm. 赔偿金
[短语　多维应用]
高
频
短
语
1.right_away立刻；马上
2．in_ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
3．a_(great)_number_of 许多；大量的
4．judging_from 从……判断
5．be_trapped_in 陷入
[语境运用]　选用左边短语的适当形式填空。
①A_great_number_of firefighters were sent to the scene ②right_away．The fire spread so quickly that the building lay ③in_ruins in no time.④Judging_from the situation，many people ⑤were_trapped_in the fire.The firefighters did all they could to put out the fire and tried to carry the trapped people out.
高
频
短
语
6.think_little/nothing_of认为……没什么了不起
7．at_an_end 结束；终结
8．dig_out 掘出；发现
9．be_proud_of 以……而自豪
10．be_buried_in 埋头于
[语境运用]　选用左边短语的适当形式填空。
My holiday was nearly ⑥at_an_end and I paid a visit to my cousin.When I came in，he ⑦was_buried_in reviewing his lessons in his study.He got top marks in the final exam and his parents ⑧were_proud_of him.However，he ⑨thought_nothing_of what he had achieved.

拓
展
联
想
1.表示“立刻；马上”的词语荟萃
①right away
②right now
③at once
④in no time
⑤immediately
⑥instantly
2．“think＋副词＋of”短语荟萃
①think little of认为……没什么了不起
②think highly of 重视；看得起
③think well of 重视
④think poorly of 轻视
⑤think badly of 认为……不好
[句式　结构仿写]
教材原句背诵
句式仿写应用
1.too...to...太……而不能……。
In the farmyards，the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.
(2016·上海卷)我当时太年幼，不理解这部电影的含义。
I was then too_young_to_understand the meaning of the film.
2.It seemed as if ……似乎/好像……。
It seemed as if the world was at an end！
保罗仿佛像一位超人一样勇敢地与狼作斗争。
Paul fought the wolf bravely as if he_were_a_superman.
3.everywhere引导让步状语从句。
Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.
无论他走到哪里，他都受到热烈欢迎。
Everywhere_he_went，he received a warm welcome.
4.all...not...并非所有的……都……。
All hope was not lost.
最近的一项调查表明，在我们学校并非所有的学生都在课余时间进行体育锻炼。
A recent survey shows that all_the_students_in_our_school_don't_take_physical_exercise in their spare time.

精讲5个考纲单词
1．burst vi.爆裂；爆发 n．突然破裂；爆发
(1)单句语法填空
①The police burst in and arrested the gang.
②He burst into the room without knocking at the door，which made me very angry.
③At the news that my dad would be back from London this week，I felt as if my heart would burst with joy.
(2)[链接写作]——句式升级
①(普通表达)When they heard the bad news that their son died in the earthquake，the couple burst_into_tears(突然哭起来)．
②(高级表达)Hearing_the_bad_news that their son died in the earthquake，the couple burst_out_crying．(分词短语作状语)
先理解再牢记
(1)burst in/into闯入，突然破门而入
突然哭起来/笑起来
burst with anger/joy 勃然大怒/乐不可支
(2)a burst of 一阵……
[名师点津]　短语burst in中的in是副词，后面不接宾语；而burst into中的into是介词，后面应接宾语。
2.ruin n．[U]毁灭；毁坏；[常用复数]废墟 vt.(使)毁坏；成为废墟
(1)单句语法填空
When they rushed to Rockaway the next day，they found their neighbourhood in ruins (ruin)．
(2)[链接写作]——一句多译
他犯了个错误，这让他失去了出国的机会。
①He made a mistake，which_ruined_his_chance of going abroad.(定语从句)
②He made a mistake，ruining_his_chance of going abroad.(分词作状语)
先理解再牢记
(1)lie/be in ruins成为废墟
be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟
(2)ruin oneself 毁掉自己；自取灭亡
ruin one's health/fame/future 毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途
[佳句背诵]　The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake，which made us awake all night.
3.injure vt.损害；伤害
(1)单句语法填空
①A terrible accident happened at the crossing and an ambulance rushed the injured (injure) to the hospital.
②Dogs' owners should be responsible if their pets do an injury (injure) to other people or cause damage to their property.
(2)[链接写作]——句式升级
(普通表达)My left foot was seriously injured，so I can't go with you as planned.
(高级表达)With_my_left_foot_seriously_injured，I can't go with you as planned.(with 复合结构)
先理解再牢记
(1)injured adj.受伤的
get seriously injured 受重伤
the injured 伤员
(2)injury n．伤；伤口；伤害
do sb.an injury/do an injury to sb.
伤害某人
[佳句背诵]　She injured herself while skating，which made her parents very worried.
4.bury vt.掩埋；埋葬；使专心，使沉浸；隐藏
(1)单句语法填空
①I wandered into the dining room and found you buried(bury) in piles of books.
②He sank into a chair，burying(bury) his face in his hands.
(2)[链接写作]——一句多译
专心于读书，他不知道外面下雨了。(bury)
①Because he buried_himself_in/was_buried_in his books，he didn't know it was raining outside.(状语从句)
②Burying_himself_in his books，he was not aware it was raining outside.(现在分词短语作状语)
③Buried_in his books，he was not aware it was raining outside.(过去分词短语作状语)
先理解再牢记
(1)埋头于；专心于
(2)bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面
[佳句背诵]　The girl was sitting on the bench in the park，burying herself in a book.
[名师点津]　表示 “专心于；致力于” 的短语还有：be devoted to；be lost in；be engaged in；be absorbed in；focus/concentrate on等。
5.judge vt.断定；判断；判决 n．裁判员；法官
(1)单句语法填空
①I'm writing to invite you to be a judge at our English speech contest to be held in our school on June 15.
②Schools tend to be_judged (judge) by the performance of their students in exams.
③Judging (judge) from the number of cars，he thought there were not many people at the club yet.
(2)[链接写作]——完成句子
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)依我看来，注意餐桌礼仪是非常重要的。
As_far_as_I_can_judge/As_far_as_I'm_concerned，it's very important to mind your table manners.
先理解再牢记
(1)judge...from/by...从……来判断
judge sb.to be 判断某人为……
as far as I can judge 据我判断；我认为
(2)judging by/from 从……上看；根据……判断
[名师点津]　judging from/by 表示“从……上看，根据……判断”，用在句首时为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态的影响。
诠释2个核心短语
1．at an end 结束；终结
(1)单句语法填空
①The meeting came to an end and he set down a number of key words.
②At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up apologizing (apologize)．
(2)[链接写作]——词汇升级
(普通表达)The speech contest finished.Thankfully，I ended up winning the first prize and my hard work paid off finally.
(高级表达)The speech contest was_at_an_end．Thankfully，I ended up winning the first prize and my hard work paid off in_the_end．
先理解再牢记
(1)at the end of...在……尽头，在……末端
by the end of 到……结束时，到……时候为止(常与完成时态连用)
in the end 最后；终于
(2)come to an end 结束
put an end to sth.结束；终结
make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵，量入为出
(3)end up with 以……结束
end up doing sth.以做……结束
2.a (great) number of许多；大量的
(1)单句语法填空
①Now a great number of college graduates are_seeking(seek) to get a high­paid job.But the number of posts available for them is(be)often not enough.
②Large quantities of information，as well as some timely help，have_been_offered(offer) since the organization was built.
③A great deal of money was_donated (donate) to a university by an ordinary worker，which aroused public attention.
④Large amounts of money are_spent (spend) on advertisements every year.
(2)[链接写作]——完成句子
我们使用新的循环利用方法，节省了大量的原材料。
After we use the new recycling method，a_large_number_of_materials _have_been_saved．
先理解再牢记
(1)
(2)the number of＋可数名词复数＋单数谓语
(3)＋
(4)
(5)plenty of
[名师点津]　(1)a large quantity/ amount of ＋不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数。(2)a large quantity/amount of＋可数名词复数作主语时谓语动词用复数。
突破2个高考句型
1．(教材P26)It_seemed_as_if the world was at an end！仿佛到了世界末日！
[要点提炼]　It seemed/seems (to sb.) that/as if...“(对某人来说)似乎……”。
(1)单句语法填空
①(2016·上海卷)The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were(be) their own mother.
②It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I had_done(do)it?
③The old man was lying on the ground as if hurt(hurt) badly.
(2)[链接写作]——句式升级
They walked here and there on the playground as if they were looking for something.
→They walked here and there on the playground as if looking_for_something．(省略)
先理解再牢记
(1)as if从句用陈述语气：
从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的
(2)as if从句用虚拟语气：
①从句用一般过去时(与现在的事实相反)
②从句用过去完成时(与过去的事实相反)
③从句用would/could/might do形式(与将来的事实相反)
[佳句背诵]　Look at the clouds in the sky！It looks as if it is going to rain.Let's hurry up.
2.(教材P26)All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。
[要点提炼]　部分否定。该句是表示部分否定的句型，all...not...＝not all...，意为“并非所有的……都……”。
(1)单句语法填空
①He told me all pieces of the news，but none of them was exciting.
②Our English teacher is excellent，but she can't help everyone/all in the class in 50 minutes.
(2)[链接写作]——句型转换
Both of the maths problems are not very difficult.
→Not_both_of_the_maths_problems are very difficult.
先理解再牢记
(1)部分否定用法：
含 “全部/所有/任何” 等意义的词与not连用，如：all，both，everything，always等。
(2)全部否定用法：
英语中的no，none，never，nobody，nothing，neither，no one，nowhere，no more，no longer，no way等表否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成 “全部否定”。


Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It was at midnight that Ken was_dug (dig) out from the ruins.
2．Trapped (trap) in the ruins，the girl still held a positive attitude.
3．When the game finally ended，both of us were lying flat on our backs，too tired to move.
4．On seeing the former champion of the Olympics appears on the stage，the audience burst out cheering(cheer)．
5．Two­fifths of the students in our class are(be) fond of pop music.
6．On arriving there，we expressed our congratulations (congratulation) to him on his success.
7．It shocked(shock) me to see how my neighbors treated their children.
8．Although it was an extremely(extreme) difficult and dangerous task，he was determined to finish it.
9．The terrible shaking of the ground woke (wake) up all the people who were asleep.
10．The factory，as is reported in the local newspapers，will insist on reforming the present system which has slowed its development.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．While online shopping has changed our life，not all of its effect have been positive.effect→effects
2．The man was sleeping downstairs while the earthquake happened.
while→when
3．It was both exciting and frightened to be up there.
frightened→frightening
4．In the earthquake，about two millions people lost their homes and thousands of houses fell into ruins.millions→million
5．The earthquake did damage for the area where many houses fell down and many people were trapped in ruins.for→to
6．Before you write an article for a newspaper，it is necessary to write a outline first.第二个a→an

Ⅰ.课文语法填空
根据P26课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A terrible earthquake hit the city of Tangshan on July 28，1976，in which thousands of people died and many were injured.Many houses fell down and sand filled the wells 1.instead of water.People were greatly 2.shocked (shock)．All the electricity in the city was cut off and people began to wonder how long the disaster would last.The whole city 3.was_destroyed(destroy) completely and the world seemed 4.at its end.
The people of Tangshan didn't lose hope, because 150，000 soldiers were sent 5.to_help(help) the rescue workers.The soldiers tried their best to dig out those 6.who were trapped.They also built 7.shelters(shelter) for the survivors.Fresh water was taken to the city by every means.8.Slowly(slow)，the city began to come back to life.
It was said that before the quake，strange things had happened in the countryside.The water in the village wells 9.rose(rise) and fell.Fish jumped out of the ponds.Strange noises were heard in the sky，but people thought little of 10.them(they)．
Ⅱ.写作改错双练
根据提示利用本单元所学知识完成下面的小作文，并改正学生习作。
1．一天夜里，一切都开始摇晃起来。(shake)
2．水管爆裂，电力中断。(burst；cut off)
3．仿佛到了世界末日。(It seemed as if...；be at an end)
4．有些人受伤，有些人被埋在废墟下，还有些人失踪了。(injure；bury)
5．从那时的情况判断，还有些被困群众等待着救援。(judge from；trapped；rescue)
6．并不是没有了希望。(all...not...)
7．很快士兵被派遣到那里营救他们，运来了食品和饮用水；全城又恢复了生机。(rescue；breathe again)
第一步：练写作
用适当的连接词将上述句子连成一篇短文。
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第二步：练改错
下面是李明针对本文的习作，其中有5处语法错误，请你帮他纠正过来。
One night，everything began to shake，with the pipes bursting and the electricity cut off.It seemed as if the world was in an end.Some people were injured，some buried in the ruins and some missing.Judged from the situation，there was a number of trapped people waiting for the rescue.But all hope was not lost，because soldiers were sent to rescue them right away.
Food and fresh water were taken to the city.Slow，the city began to breathe again.
【答案】　
One night，everything began to shake，with the pipes and the electricity cut off.It seemed as if the world was an end.Some people were injured，some buried in the ruins and some missing. from the situation，there a number of trapped people waiting for the rescue.But all hope was not lost，because soldiers were sent to rescue them right away.
Food and fresh water were taken to the city.，the city began to breathe again.