2020新课标高考牛津版英语第一轮总复习讲义：第2部分第九讲　并列句和状语从句

第九讲　并列句和状语从句并列句常以连词为切入口进行考查，同时并列句中的时态呼应也是考查方式之一。状语从句的考查重点在时间、条件、让步、原因状语从句。命题趋势：1.高考命题的重点仍然是连词and, but, or；2．状语从句的考查集中在时间状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句的引导词上。考点一　并列连词①I was glad to meet Jenny again，but I didn't want to spend all day with her.很高兴又见到珍妮了，但是我不想花一整天时间和她在一起。②Don't turn off the computer before closing all programs，or you could have problems.在关掉所有的程序之前不要关电脑，要不然你会遇到问题的。③At school，some students are active while some are shy，yet they can be good friends with one another.在学校，有的学生很活跃而有的很腼腆，但他们能成为好朋友。④He found it increasingly difficult to read for his eyesight was beginning to fail.由于他的视力开始下降，他发现读书越来越困难了。[规律总结]1．表示并列、顺承关系的并列连词有and。2．表示转折关系常用的并列连词有but，yet(然而)，whereas(然而，但是)，while(然而)等。3．表示因果关系的并列连词有for，so等。4．表示选择关系常用的并列连词有or，either…or…，not…but，neither…nor…等。考点二　祈使句＋and/or/otherwise句式①Find ways to praise your children often，and you'll find they will open their hearts to you.＝If you find ways to praise your children often，you'll find they will open their hearts to you.经常想方设法表扬你的孩子，你就会发现他们会向你敞开心扉。②Hurry up or we will be late.＝If you don't hurry up，we will be late.快点儿，否则我们就迟到了。③A few more efforts and you will succeed.＝If you make a few more efforts，you will succeed.再努力些，你会成功的。[规律总结]1．祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝If…，＋主句。2．祈使句＋or/otherwise＋陈述句＝If…not…，＋主句。考点三　时间状语从句1．when，while，as①When he knocked at the door，I was working at the table.他敲门时我正在桌子旁边工作。②I want the girls to experience that while they are young.我希望那些女孩们趁着年轻去体验一下那样的生活。③As speech develops，the child starts to string more words together.随着语言能力不断发展，孩子开始把更多的词连起来说。[规律总结]1．when既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂动作，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。2．从属连词while引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。3．从属连词as可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时完成，可译为“一边……，(一边……)”或“随着……”。4．如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作，此时when，while与as可互换使用。2．when的特殊用法①One Friday，we were packing to leave for a weekend away when my daughter heard cries for help.一个星期五，我们正在收拾周末外出的行李，这时我的女儿听到求救声。②He had just finished his homework when his mother asked him to play the piano.他刚完成作业母亲就让他弹钢琴。③How can I help them to understand when they won't listen to me?既然他们不听我说，我怎么帮他们理解？[规律总结]1．when意为“正在这时”，表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生时，突然发生另一动作。常见句型有：2．when还可表原因，意为“既然”。3．表示“刚……就……，一……就……”的常用句式①I had hardly got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.我刚到办公室，我妻子就打电话让我立刻回家。②He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.＝No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.他刚完成演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。③The moment I heard the voice，I knew Father was coming.我一听到那个声音就知道父亲来了。[规律总结]1．as soon as，immediately，directly，instantly，the moment，the minute，the instant，no sooner…than…，hardly/scarcely…when…和once(一……就……)上述从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一……就……”。2．no sooner…than…，hardly/scarcely…when…的时态搭配：no sooner与hardly/scarcely后的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。4．before与since①It will be three years before I graduate from college.三年后我才大学毕业。②It was several years before I realized that David had lied to me.几年之后我才意识到大卫对我撒谎了。③It will not be long before you regret for what you've done.不久你就会为你的所作所为后悔的。④As is reported，it is 100 years since Tsinghua University was founded.据报道，清华大学成立已经有100年了。[规律总结]1．before表示“还未……就……；不到……就……；趁……；……才……；还没来得及……就……，在……之前”。2．It will be＋一段时间＋before…“多久之后才……”。3．It won't be long before…“不久之后就……”。4．It was＋一段时间＋before…“过了多久才……”。5．It is＋一段时间＋since…“自从……多久了”。5．表示“每次；下一次……”的常用表达①You don't have to go running upstairs every time she rings.用不着她一来电话你就往楼上跑。②Next time you go shopping，buy a few extra fruits and vegetables.下次你去买东西时，多买点水果和蔬菜。③The last time we moved house there were very few breakages.我们上次搬家时几乎没有什么物品破损。[规律总结]every time，each time，next time，the last time，any time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当……；每次……；下次……”等。考点四　地点状语从句①A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.很多高楼在以前只有废墟的地方拔地而起。②Where(ver) there's plenty of sun and rain，the fields are green.哪里阳光和雨水充足，哪里的田野就绿油油的。[规律总结]1．地点状语从句通常由连词where和wherever引导，从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。2．地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。考点五　条件状语从句①She says that she'll have to close the shop unless business improves.她说如果生意还没有起色的话，她就不得不把店关掉。②You can borrow my car as long as you promise not to drive too fast.只要你答应不开得太快，我可以把车借给你。③He has been granted his freedom on condition that he leaves the country.他已获准恢复自由，条件是他离开这个国家。④Suppose/Supposing(that) they refuse us，who else can we turn to for help?假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还可以求助谁？[规律总结]引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if，unless(＝if…not除非)，so/as long as(只要)，in case(万一)，on condition that(条件是)，suppose/supposing(假设，如果)，provided that(如果)等。 考点六　让步状语从句①While I always felt I would pass the exam，I never thought I would get an A.尽管我一直觉得自己能通过考试，但是我从未想到会得A。②Although regular exercise is very important，it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.尽管有规律的锻炼是很重要的，但是在临近就寝的时候进行锻炼绝不是一个好主意。③Hot as the night air was，we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.尽管晚间的空气很热，我们还是睡得很沉，因为走了那么长的路程后我们累坏了。④He was so busy.He cannot afford enough time with his son even if he wants to.他很忙。即使他想陪他的儿子也没有足够的时间。⑤However hard you try，it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.无论你多么努力，如果不减少饮食，那么减肥是很难做到的。[规律总结]引导让步状语从句的连词1．although/though(尽管，虽然)，even though/even if(即使)。2．whether…or…(不管……还是……)；疑问词＋­ever(不管……；无论)，如whatever，whoever，whichever，however，whenever，wherever等；no matter＋疑问词(不管……；无论……)。3．as引导让步状语从句时要用倒装语序，though引导时则可用倒装语序或自然语序。4．从属连词while，when也可以引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”。考点七　原因状语从句①Since she was indoors，she had not been wearing a coat.由于她在室内，所以就没有穿外套。②Now that you have grown up，you must do it by yourself.既然你已经长大了，就必须自己做这件事。③Considering that they are fresh from universities，they've done a pretty impressive job.鉴于他们刚刚大学毕业，他们的工作已经相当出色了。[规律总结]引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because，as，since(既然)，now that，seeing that，considering that(考虑到)。考点八　方式状语从句①The house was greatly damaged by the truck.We'd better leave things as they are until the police arrive.卡车对这座房子造成了严重的损坏。我们最好保持原样直到警察到来。②The construction industry is no longer as depressed as it was.建筑业不再像以往那样萧条了。③The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.这位老太太对待这个男孩就像他是她自己的儿子似的。[规律总结]引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as，as if，as though等。方式状语从句应放在主句之后。其中as if或as though引导的从句常用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。考点九　结果状语从句①He is such a learned person that we admire him very much.＝He is so learned a person that we admire him very much.他如此有学问，以至于我们非常钦佩他。②It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.天气如此晴朗，以至于我们都想去公园。③He earned so little money that he couldn't support his family.他挣这么少的钱，以至于养不起家。④He was so clever a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.＝He was so clever a student as to be able to work out all the difficult problems.他是一名如此聪明的学生，以至于他能够解决所有难题。[规律总结]1．引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so…that…，such…that…。在非正式语体中，由so…that…，such…that…引导的句子中的that可以省略，注意其结构形式：2．当so或such所在的主句主语与结果状语从句中的主语一致时，还可简化为：so/such…as to…考点十　目的状语从句①When he goes out，he often wears sunglasses so that/in order that nobody/no one can recognize him.他出门的时候常戴着墨镜，以便没人能认出他。②The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him.那个男孩藏在树后面，以防他父亲看到他。③Take your raincoat in case/lest it should rain.带上雨衣以防下雨。[规律总结]引导目的状语从句的从属连词有：so that，in order that，for fear that，in case (that)/lest等。1．in order that，so that两个连词都意为“以便……；为了……”，它们引导的状语从句中常用情态动词。2．for fear that，in case (that)引导目的状语从句时，for fear that表示“害怕，担心某事会发生”；in case (that)/lest表示“以防出现某种情况”。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2017·高考北京卷) If you don't understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people ______ you figure it out.2．(2017·高考北京卷) ________ birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes.3．(2017·高考江苏卷) Located ________ the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.4．(2017·高考北京卷改编)—Peter, please send us postcards ________ we'll know where you have visited.—No problem.5．(2016·高考全国新课标卷Ⅲ) In much of Asia, especially the so­called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, ________Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.6．(2016·高考全国新课标卷Ⅲ) Over time, ________ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.7．(2016·高考浙江卷) ________ online shopping has changed our life, not all of its effects have been positive.8．(2016·高考北京卷改编)I am not afraid of tomorrow, ________ I have seen yesterday and I love today.9．If you miss the chance, it may be years ________ you get another one.10．________ the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover.【答案】1.until　2.Although/Though/While　3.where4．so　5.and　6.as/when　7.Although/Though/While　8.for　9.before　10.OnceⅡ.单句改错1．(2018·高考全国新课标卷Ⅰ) At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed._____________________________________________________________2．(2017·高考全国新课标卷Ⅰ) Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor's orders, so once I started the car, my mind went blank._____________________________________________________________3．(2017·高考全国新课标卷Ⅰ)  I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years._____________________________________________________________4．There is only one more day to go until your favorite music group play live._____________________________________________________________5．Send an e­mail to your boss as well as your parents, they will get worried about you._____________________________________________________________【答案】1.but→and　2.so→but/yet　3.and→but　4.until→before　5.在they前加or/otherwiseⅢ.语法填空AMy classmate Michael studied very hard after he went to senior school.Every day he worked 1.________ everyone left the classroom.He said he wouldn't stop trying 2.________ he got satisfying scores in his studies.Hard 3.________ he tried，he made little progress，but he didn't lose heart at all 4.________ he believed as long as he persisted he would succeed one day.5.________ time went by，he made improvements in his studies and he was admitted to a university in Guangzhou at last.We had a get­together party 6.________ we started our new life in university.7.________ everyone had got offers from universities，we had a very good time.When we stood 8.________ we used to play and study，we couldn't help thinking of our happy old days.We believed we would never forget each other，9.________ we would go or whatever we would do.Before we departed，10.________ we seemed a little sadder than before，we still fought back the tears.【答案】1.until　2.unless　3.as　4.because　5.As6．before　7.Since　8.where　9.wherever10．although/thoughBIt was already late when we started for the next town，1.________，according to the map，was about fifteen miles away on the other side of the hill.There we felt sure 2.________ we would find a bed for the night.Soon darkness fell after we left the village，but luckily we met no one 3.________ we drove fast along the narrow road which led to the hill.As our car climbed 4.________ (high)，it became colder and the rain began to fall，making 5.________ difficult to see the road.After we had traveled for about twenty miles，there was still no sign of the town 6.________ was poorly marked on the map.We were beginning to get anxious 7.________ the car suddenly stopped.A quick examination showed that we had used up the gas.8.________ we had little food left，we decided to spend the night in the car.With our meals finished，I tried to go to sleep at once，but John，9.________ was a poor sleeper，got out of the car after a few minutes and went for a walk up the hill.Soon he found，in the valley below，the lights of the town 10.________ we were looking for.We at once pushed the car to the top of the hill.In less than a quarter of an hour，we were in the town.【答案】1.which　2.that　3.when　4.higher　5.it6．which　7.when　8.Although　9.who　10.which/that