2020新课标高考牛津版英语第一轮总复习讲义：第2部分第三讲　形容词和副词

第三讲　形容词和副词形容词与副词是语法填空的必考项目，其主要考查形式是用括号里所给词的正确形式填空；短文改错中也常出现形容词误用作副词或副词误用作形容词的情况；另外，书面表达中如果能融入高级的形容词、副词用法(如比较级、最高级等)，也不失为书面表达的亮点。命题趋势：1.对形容词和副词有关的构词法的考查仍然是语法填空和短文改错的重点之一；2．形容词、副词的题目侧重考查考生在具体语境中的灵活运用能力；3．形容词和副词的比较级；形容词和副词之间的转换；名词转化为形容词等。考点一　形容词、副词的比较级①Already，she looked like she was much braver than Larry had been then.她看上去已经比那个时候的拉里勇敢很多了。②—Goods imported from abroad are not always better than those made in China.—Yes.Some of the goods made in our country are of high quality.“国外进口的货物并不一定比中国的做得好。”“没错。我们国家生产的一些商品质量很好。”③The earlier the treatment is given，the better the patient's chances.病人越早接受治疗，康复的可能性就越大。④Of the two cameras，I would prefer the smaller one，which is very easy for me to carry.这两个照相机，我喜欢较小的一个，它容易携带。[规律总结]1．比较级的修饰语常见的有：rather，much，still，even，far，any(用于否定句或疑问句)，a lot，a little，a great deal，by far，a bit等。2．比较级＋than…“比……更”；less…than“不如……”。3．the＋比较级，the＋比较级 “越……，越……”。4．the＋比较级＋of(the)＋名词/代词 “(两者中)较……的”。考点二　形容词、副词的最高级①The happiest are not those who own all the best things，but those who can appreciate the beauty of life.最幸福的人不是那些拥有的都是最好的人，而是那些懂得欣赏生活的美好的人。②This is the best song by far that I've ever heard.这是我目前听过的最好听的歌。③—Are you pleased with what he has done?—Not a bit.It couldn't be any worse.“你对他做的事满意吗？”“一点也不满意。他做的事情糟糕透顶。”④The last thing they want is to work in the red areas where life is hard.他们最不乐意的是在生活艰难的红色区域里工作。[规律总结]1．三者或三者以上的比较用最高级。2．最高级的修饰语常见的有：序数词，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not really，not quite，nothing like等。3．“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级意义。4．the last表示“最不可能的”“最不适合的”“最不希望的”等。考点三　倍数表达法①The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times as big as the present one.为迎接下一届亚运会而正在修建的体育场将是现在的三倍大。②Smoking is harmful to people's health，killing seven times more people each year than traffic accidents.吸烟有害健康，每年因抽烟而丧命的人是死于交通事故的7倍多。③The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one.新扩建的广场是未扩建时的4倍大。④The price is ten times what it normally is and totally beyond the reach of ordinary people.这个价格是平时的10倍，一般人根本买不起。⑤The output of cars in 2015 was four times greater than that of 2014.2015年的汽车产量是2014年的4倍多。[规律总结]表示倍数的几个句型1．倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as…2．倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than…3．倍数＋the＋性质名词(size/length/height等)＋of…4．The＋名词＋be＋倍数＋what从句5．The＋名词＋be＋倍数＋that/those of…考点四　形容词作状语①Having been praised by the teacher，the little girl ran back home，happy and satisfied.被老师表扬之后，这个小女孩心满意足地跑回家了。②Helpless，we watched our home destroyed before our eyes.我们束手无策，只能眼睁睁地看着自己的家园被毁掉。③Scared and alone，Joshua one day makes friends with a little mouse he calls Bethlehem who becomes his closest friend.由于害怕和孤独，一天Joshua和一只被他叫作Bethlehem的小老鼠成为朋友，之后那只小老鼠成为他最亲密的朋友。[规律总结](1)形容词作状语，常用逗号将其与句子的其他成分隔开。(2)形容词作状语表示伴随或结果，并不表示动作的方式。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2018·高考全国新课标卷Ⅰ) According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ________ (long) than non­runners.2．(2018·高考全国新课标卷Ⅱ) A taste for meat is ______ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.3．(2018·高考全国新课标卷Ⅱ) Corn uses less water ________ rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff.4．(2018·高考全国新课标卷Ⅱ) According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ________ (globe) fertilizer consumption.5．(2018·高考全国新课标卷Ⅲ)He screamed the________(loud) of all.The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.6．(2018·高考浙江卷)There could be an even ________ (high) cost on your health.7．(2017·高考江苏卷)Only five years after Steve Job's death, smart­phones defeated ________(convention) PCs in sales.8．(2017·高考天津卷)—I want to see Mr. White. We have an appointment.—I am sorry, but he is not ________(availability) at the moment, for the meeting hasn't ended.9．(2016·高考全国新课标卷Ⅲ)Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which ________ (gradual) turned into chopsticks.10．(2015·高考安徽卷)I'm so ________ (gratefully) to all those volunteers because they help my terrible day end happily.【答案】1.longer　2.actually　3.than　4.global　5.loudest6．higher　7.conventional　8.available　9.gradually　10.gratefulⅡ.单句改错1．(2018·高考全国新课标卷Ⅰ)Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chickens._____________________________________________________________2．(2018·高考全国新课标卷Ⅰ) My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by selling the fish.I felt happily that their life had improved._____________________________________________________________3．(2018·高考全国新课标卷Ⅲ) I was afraid to speak in front of a larger group of people._____________________________________________________________4．(2017·高考全国新课标卷Ⅰ)A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car._____________________________________________________________5．(2017·高考全国新课标卷Ⅰ) It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road._____________________________________________________________6．(2017·高考全国新课标卷Ⅱ) In their spare time，they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden，which is on the rooftop of their house._____________________________________________________________7．(2017·高考全国新课标卷Ⅱ) They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together._____________________________________________________________8．(2017·高考全国新课标卷Ⅱ) Beside，they often get some useful information from the Internet._____________________________________________________________9．(2017·高考全国新课标卷Ⅲ) I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes，playing pop music，and collecting the latest music albums._____________________________________________________________10．I don't think what he said is relevantly to the topic we are disccusing._____________________________________________________________【答案】1.here→there　2.happily→happy　3.larger→large4．late→later　5.suddenly→sudden　6.interesting→interested　7.earlier→early　8.Beside→Besides9．difference→different　10.relevantly→relevantⅢ.语法填空ASome time ago，a friend of mine，who worked in a part of the city I didn't know very 1.________ (good)，invited me to call on him.It took me hours to get there and I took 2.________ (greatly) trouble to find a proper spot to park my car.As I was already three­quarters of an hour late，I parked my car 3.________ (quick)．At noon，just as I was leaving my friend's office，it 4.________ (sudden) struck me that I had no idea where I had parked my car.I could hardly go up to a policeman and tell him that I had lost a small green car somewhere! Walking down street 5.________ street，I examined each car 6.________ (close) and was very happy to see a small green car just behind an old car.But how 7.________ (disappoint) I was to discover that though the car was 8.________ (exact) like my own，it belonged to someone else! Feeling quite 9.________ (tire) now，I went off for lunch.Some time 10.________ (late)，I left the restaurant and walked down the street.Turning the corner，I nearly jumped for joy：my car was right in front of me，and there was no problem this time.【答案】1.well　2.great　3.quickly　4.suddenly　5.after6．closely　7.disappointed　8.exactly　9.tired　10.laterBRainforests are the lungs of the planet storing vast quantities of carbon dioxide and producing a significant amount of the world oxygen.Rainforests have their own perfect system for 1.________(guarantee) their own survival.The tall trees make a cover of branches and leaves 2.________ protect themselves，smaller plants and forest animals from heavy rain，dry heat and strong winds.3.________ (amaze)，the trees grow in such a way that 4.________ leaves and branches are all close together；never actually touch those of another tree.Scientists think this is 5.________ deliberate method to prevent the spread of any tree diseases 6.________ make life more difficult for leaf­eating insects.To survive in the forest，animals must climb from tree to tree.The ground floor of the forest is not all covered 7.________ leaves and bushes，but is 8.________ leaves turn into food for the trees and other forest lives.They are not called rainforests for nothing.Rainforests can produce 75 percent of their own rain，at least 80 inches of rain a year is normal.And in some areas，there may be as much as 430 inches of rain 9.________(annual)．This is real rain.In just two hours，the 10.________ (deep) can rise 10 to 20 feet.【答案】1.guaranteeing　2.that/which　3.Amazingly4．their　5.a　6.and　7.with　8.where　9.annually　10.depth