2020新课标高考牛津版英语第一轮总复习讲义：第1部分Book5　Unit3　Scienceandnature

Book 5　Unit 3　Science and nature
晨读暮诵　单元话题——科学与自然

1．provide v．提供
2．justice n．公平；公正
3．overprotect v．过度保护
4．violence n．暴力
5．emergency n．紧急情况
6．admit v．承认；准许进入
7．relate v．把……联系起来
8．threaten v．威胁
9．protect v．保护
10．prevent v．阻止
11．produce v．生产
12．promote v．促进；增进
13．lead to/result in导致
14．care about担心；在乎
15．in danger处于危险中
16．end up with以……结束
17．be responsible for对……负责
18．come to one's help来帮助某人
19．call on/appeal to sb.to do sth.号召某人做某事
20．take action/steps/measures to do sth.采取措施做某事

1．Compared with/to ten years ago，people's life has got greatly improved.
与十年前相比，人们的生活水平得到了很大的提高。
2．Wonderful as it is，however，it also has its own disadvantages.
然而，尽管很好，它也有其不足。
3．There is no doubt that it is an extremely serious problem：the government should take strong measures to deal with it.
毫无疑问，这是一个极其严重的问题，政府应该采取有力措施来解决它。
4．It is glorious to take care of the environment while it is shameful to pollute it.
爱护环境光荣，污染环境可耻。

(2018·河北唐山模拟)近来，中国游客在海外的不文明行为备受热议。假设你是李华，是一名国际旅行社的导游，就此写一篇短文在一份英文报纸上发表自己的观点。请根据下面的提示完成短文。
1．列举不文明行为；
2．指出其影响；
3．提出建议。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．首句已给出，不计入总词数。
[参考范文]
As_a_tour_guide_of_an_international_travel_agency，I_find_it_so_embarrassing_to_see_many_Chinese_tourists_behave_badly_abroad.They speak loudly in public places，carve characters on tourist attractions，throw rubbish, spit everywhere，and even cross the road when the traffic lights are still red.Such bad behavior overseas has caused damage to the country's reputation.
Measures should be taken to stop this.First，before going abroad，tourists should be trained to obey social and public order，and respect local religions and customs.Besides，kindergartens and primary schools should do more to teach the kids to be responsible citizens.Last，laws should be made to punish those who behave badly in public places.I hope soon tourists overseas will change their behavior and win respect for themselves and our country.


[高频词汇]
1．________(n.) 意图，目的；企图
2．________(vt.) 收养，领养；采纳，采用
3．________(n.) 医师；内科医生
4．________(vt.& vi.) 收割(庄稼)
(n.) 收获；收成
5．________(vt.) 使改变外观或性质(尤指向好的方向)；使改变形态
6．________(n.) 概念；观念
7．________(n.) 职业，行业
8．________(n.) 突破
9．________(adj.) 原来的，起初的；首创的；非复制的
10．________(vt.)实施；指挥乐队
11．________(n.) 多数，大多数
12．________(adj.) 普通的，一般的
13．________(adj.) 可信赖的，可依靠的
14．________(adj.)短时间的，短暂的；简洁的，简单的
15．________(adj.) 真实的，实际的
16．________(vt.& vi.) 证实，证明；确认；使确信
17．________(n.) 农业
18．________(n.)赞同，支持；恩惠，帮助；偏爱，偏袒
19．________(n.)收益，收入
20．________(vt.) 使惊吓，使惊恐
21．________(n.) 利润，收益；(vt.& vi.) 获益；对……有用
22．________(n.) 准许，许可，批准
【答案】1.intention　2.adopt　3.physician　4.harvest　5．transform　6.concept　7.profession　8.breakthrough　9.original　10.conduct　11.majority　12.ordinary　13．reliable　14.brief　15.actual　16.confirm　17．agriculture　18.favour　19.income　20.frighten　21．profit　22.permission
[派生词汇]
1．________(n.)判断力；看法，评价；(法律)判决→________(v.)判断
2．________(n.) 结果，后果→________(adj.) 作为结果的；随之发生的→________(adv.) 因此；所以
3．________(n.) 罪，罪行→________(n.) 罪犯(adj.) 犯罪的→________(adv.) 刑法上；刑事上
4．________(n.) 总结；概括，概要→________(v.) 概述；总结
5．________(adj.) 准确的，精确的→________(adv.) 准确地；精确地→________(n.)准确(性)；精确度
[词缀归纳]
transform是由“前缀trans－＋form”构成的动词。常见含前缀trans­的单词有：transplant (n.& vt.) 移植；transport(vt.& n．) 运输；translate(v.)翻译；transparent(adj.)透明的； transmit (v.)传播，传染；传送；transformation(n.) 变化，改观。
【答案】1.judgement；judge　2.consequence；consequent；consequently　3.crime；criminal；criminally　4.summary；summarize　5.accurate；accurately；accuracy
[语境活用]
1．The company has been ________(改变)from family business to a multi­million­pound operation.
2．Some industries, such as ship building, clearly________(获利)from the war.
3．We are studying to prove this point and it has initially been ________(进一步证实)．
4．Do me a ________(帮忙) and turn the radio down while I'm on the phone, will you?
5．Dennis had recently begun a successful career ________(指挥)opera.
6．When experiments are to be made, one can't rely too much on the human senses to make ________(精确的) observation.
7.We can't trust him because he has no________(概念)of right and wrong.
8.Now please be ________(简洁的)—my time is valuable.
9.I know Germany won, but I can't tell you the________(实际的)score.
10．Many families on low________(收入) will be unable to afford to buy their own house.
【答案】1.transformed　2.profit　3.confirmed　4.favour
5．conducting　6.accurate　7.concept　8.brief　9.actual　10.income

1．________ the one hand…________ the other hand…
　　　　　　　　　　　　　一方面……另一方面……
2．push ahead ________ 义无反顾地进行，努力推进
3．________ summary 概括地说
4．turn ________ 结果是，证明是；生产
5．put …________ place 准备就绪，布置妥当
6．be/get burnt ________ 耗尽体力，累垮
7．follow ________ one's footsteps 效仿某人
8．________ favour of 赞同，支持
9．take…________ consideration 认真考虑
10．point ________ 指出
11．rather ________ 而不是
12．deal ________ 处理，对付
13．compared ________ 与……相比较
14．________ sale 出售
15．toy ________ 戏弄；摆弄
16．in agreement ________同意；与……一致
【答案】1.on　on　2.with　3.in　4.out　 5.in　6.out
7．in　8.in　9.into　10.out　11.than　12.with　13.with
14．for　15.with　16.with
[语境活用]
1.I got the information about the second­hand house______ sale from yesterday's newspaper.
2．________ the one hand，parents should be concerned about children's study；on the ________hand，children's safety should not be ignored.
3．Amanda's success may inspire other Indonesian children to follow ________ her footsteps.
4．Before you leave the office, everything should be put ________ place.
5．We should have good communication skills and the skills to deal ________the matter.
6．I think all the people at the meeting will be ________ favour of your opinion.
7．People seem to fail to take ________consideration the fact that education does not end with graduation.
8．No matter who points ________our shortcomings, we will correct them.
9．Compared ________small neighborhood stores, supermarkets sell various goods we need in our daily life.
10．Independence is the ability to make decisions and choices and to act in agreement ________them.
【答案】1.for　2.On；other　3.in　4.in　5.with　6.in
7．into　8.out　9.with　10.with

1. [原句]　The first mammal to be cloned successfully from an adult cell was Dolly the sheep.
[点拨]　the first(＋n./pron.)后常接不定式作定语。
[仿写]　中国在任何时候决不首先使用核武器。
At no time will China be ________________ nuclear weapons.
2. [原句]　The boy was more frightened than hurt.
[点拨]　more…than…与其说……倒不如说……
[仿写]　与其说他是一位教师，不如说他是一名学者。
He is ________________ than a teacher.
3. [原句]　Therefore，we cannot confirm that food from cloned animals is really safe for humans to eat.
[点拨]　本句使用了“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”句型。
[仿写]　我的班主任老师很好相处。
My headteacher ________________.
4. [原句]　Nowhere is this truer than with genetically modified(GM)food.
[点拨]　本句中的nowhere与形容词比较级连用表示最高级含义。否定词与形容词或副词比较级连用可表示最高级含义。
[仿写]　我以前从没听过比这更好的故事。
I have ________ heard a ________ story before.
【答案】1.the first to use　2.more a scholar　3.is easy to get along with　4.never；better

第一板块　核心词汇
[基础知识要牢记]
1．intention n．意图，目的；企图
(1)have no intention to do sth./of doing sth.　无意做某事
with the intention of　　 抱有……目的，打算
(2)intend　vt.　　　　　　 打算；计划；想要
intended　adj. 故意的，有意的；打算中的
(3)intend doing/to do sth.　 打算做某事
intend sb.to do sth.　　 打算让某人做某事
had intended to do…＝intended to have done…
本打算做…
(4)be intended for/to do…　 预定……用途；为……打算(或设计)的
①He wrote the letter________ asking for some advice.
他写信的目的是征求建议。
②I ________________________ make a cake，but I ran out of time.
＝I intended to________________________ a cake，but I ran out of time.
我原想做个蛋糕，但没有时间。
【答案】①with the intention of　②had intended to; have made
2．consequence n．[C]结果，后果
as a consequence＝in consequence因此，结果
in consequence of＝ as a consequence of
由于……的缘故，因而
take/accept/face the consequences of
承担……的后果
of no/little consequence 无足轻重的，不重要的
①He broke the law，and now he must face the consequences of his actions.
他触犯了法律，现在必须承担自己的行为带来的后果。
②Many Gulf States have enjoyed great wealth ________ a consequence of/in consequence of oil.
许多海湾国家因为石油的缘故而享有了巨大的财富。
③As a consequence of smoking，my father coughs frequently.
因为吸烟的缘故，我的父亲经常咳嗽。
【答案】②as
3．transform vi.& vt.使改变外观或性质；使改变形态；转化；转换；改造
(1)transform…into…　把……变成……/转化成……
transform into 转化成；改造为
be transformed from…into… 由……变成……；由……迁到……
(2)transformation n. (外观或性质的)改变，变革
①In the last 30 years Korea has been transformed into an advanced industrial power.
在过去的三十年里，韩国已变成一个先进的工业强国。
②The economic framework of the 21st century is going through new ________________.
21世纪经济格局正在发生着新的改变。
【答案】②transformation
4．majority n．多数，大多数
(1)be in a/the majority　　　　　占大多数
a/the majority of 大多数……
by/with a majority of　　　　　以大多数……
(2)minority n. 少数
in the/a minority 占少数
①The majority of people interviewed prefer TV to radio.
大多数接受采访的人都喜欢看电视而不喜欢听收音机。②Our country is a traditional agricultural society，with ____________ farming population.
中国是一个传统的农业社会，农村人口占绝大多数。
【答案】②a majority of
[温馨提示]　(1)the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数形式均可。
(2)The majority of＋

(2015·高考浙江卷，书面表达)When I have a different opinion，I may choose to give it up and respect the opinion of the majority.
[翻译]　当我有不同观点时，我会选择放弃自己的观点而尊重大多数人的观点。
5．confirm vt.& vi.证实，证明；确认；使确信
confirm sth.　　　　　　　　证实，确认……
confirm that/wh­clause 确定，证实
confirm sb.in sth. 使某人确信某事
be confirmed by sb. 被某人认可
It has been confirmed that… 已确定……
①My brother will confirm what I have told you.
我弟弟将证实我跟你说过的话。
②This latest information confirms me ________ the belief that he is to blame.
最近这一则消息使我坚信他该受到责备。
【答案】②in
6．take…into consideration 认真考虑
(1)consider　 vt. 　　　　考虑；认为
considerate　 adj.　 考虑周到的；体贴的
considering　 prep.　 考虑到；就……而言；鉴于
(2)show consideration for 对……表示关心
under consideration 在讨论/考虑中
out of consideration for 出于对……的考虑/体谅
①Considering this，you might expect the book to be a dry recitation of facts.
鉴于此，你也许会料定这本书就是干巴巴地描述事实。
②She is always polite and________towards her employees.
她对待雇员总是客客气气，关心体谅。
【答案】②considerate
7．on the one hand… on the other hand…一方面……另一方面……
①On the one hand they'd love to have kids，but on the other (hand) they don't want to give up their freedom.
一方面他们想要孩子；另一方面他们又不想放弃自由自在的生活。
②On one hand, loss implies gain；on the other hand, gain implies loss.
塞翁失马，焉知非福；塞翁得马，焉知非祸。
[词义辨析]
on the one hand…on the other (hand)…
意为“一方面……另一方面……”，常用来表述一个事物的两个方面，通常用于引出不同的，尤指对立的观点、思想等
for one thing…for another (thing)…
意为“首先……，再者……”，陈述的两个方面的情况常常一致
③Through the exchanged program，I got to know Mary.____________，Mary taught English；________________ she learned Chinese.Yesterday she found an article for studying. But I think the article is unsuitable.__________ it's too long; ____________ it's too dull.
【答案】③On the one hand；on the other (hand)；For one thing；for another (thing)
8．follow in one's footsteps效仿某人
follow one's example　以某人为榜样
follow one's advice/directions 听从/遵循某人的建议/指示
follow the crowd 随大流，从众，按照大众的意思做事
as follows　 如下，如下所述
follow traffic rules 遵守交通规则
①She works in television，following in her father's footsteps.
她继承了父亲的事业，在电视行业工作。
②There are good reasons not ________ those bad examples.
有很好的理由不以那些不好的例子为榜样。
【答案】②to follow
9．in favour of赞同，支持；有利于
(1) favour sb./sth.　　喜欢，偏袒，支持
(2)in sb.'s favour 对某人有利
do sb.a favour ＝ do a favour for sb.
给某人以恩惠；帮助某人
ask a favour of sb.＝ask sb. a favour 请某人帮个忙
①Will you do me a favor by lending me the English dictionary?
你能不能帮个忙把英语词典借给我？
②I'm all ________ favour of people doing whatever they want as long as they don't bother anyone else.
我完全支持人们做他们想做的事情，只要他们不妨碍别人。
【答案】②in
[句式训练全通关]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Despite the fact that all three teams ________(adopt) different approaches to the problem，they were all immediate successes.
2．He felt rather ________(frighten) that she should drive the car at such a ________(frighten) speed.
3．—Mr.Priestly has just accepted our offer over the phone.
—Good，but you must ask him to confirm it in ________(write)．
4．Don't worry about the present situation in the world；________majority of people prefer peace to war.
5．—What do you think of the poems?
—They are beautiful to read but ________ the other hand，they are hard to understand.
6．Don't look down upon the ugly little worm.In a few weeks，it ________(transform) into a beautiful big butterfly.
7．I am all ________ favour of trying to find ways to save money，but we have to maintain certain standards of quality.
8．The father doesn't want his children ________ (follow) his example.
9．Since the new rules began to work，we students ________ (permit) to have one hour for exercise every day.
10．It is reported that one­third of the food Americans eat depends upon foreign raw materials and the great majority of the people ________ (get)used to it.
【答案】1.adopted　2.frightened；frightening　3.writing
4．the　5.on　6.will transform　7.in　8.to follow　9.have been permitted　10.get
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．The frightening child held his mother's hand tightly.
_____________________________________________________________
2．I need to call my dad and ask for permit before we go out.
_____________________________________________________________
3．You are the second teacher ask me the question today.
_____________________________________________________________
4．For me，music is much a way of life than an interest.
_____________________________________________________________
5．Whatever happens，we must push ahead forward our plans to increase production.
_____________________________________________________________
【答案】1.frightening→frightened　2.permit→permission
3．在ask前加to　4.much→more　5.forward→with　
第二板块　经典句式
[基础知识要牢记]
1．The_first_mammal_to_be_cloned successfully from an adult cell was Dolly the sheep.
第一只成功地用成年动物细胞克隆出的哺乳动物是多利羊。
句中不定式短语to be cloned…作后置定语修饰the first mammal。
用不定式作后置定语的几种情况：
(1)用来修饰被序数词、形容词最高级或the only，no，all，any等限定的中心词
(2)用来修饰某些抽象名词，常见的有：ability，chance，promise，way，opportunity，need，attempt，time等
(3)表示将来要发生的动作
①Amy was the only person to arrive at the top of the mountain.
艾米是唯一一个到达山顶的人。
②Practice is the only way ____________ a language well.
学好一门语言的唯一途径就是实践。
③The power station ________________ next year will be a big one.
明年要建的发电站将会很大。
【答案】②to learn　③to be built
2．The boy was more frightened than hurt.
这个男孩与其说受伤不如说是害怕。
句中的more…than…结构意为“与其说……倒不如说……”，此结构强调more后面的内容，表示同一个人或事物的两种特征对比，more和than后接不定式、形容词、副词的原级、名词或介词短语等两个并列成分。
(1)no more than　　　　　　仅仅；只不过
no more…than… 和……一样不……
not more than 不超过
not more…than… 没有……那样……
more than 多于，超过；不仅仅；非常，很；超出
(2)the more…the more… 越……越……
more and more＋adj./adv. 越来越……
①Don't be too hard on him.He's more cheated than stupid.
别对他太苛刻了，与其说他愚蠢倒不如说他被欺骗了。
②He was so poor that he had no more than ten dollars left.
他穷得只剩下10美元了。
③It took ________ building supplies to construct these energy­saving houses.It took brains，too.
建造这些节能的房屋，不仅仅要花费建筑材料，还要付出智力。
【答案】③more than

(2016·高考新课标全国卷Ⅱ，书面表达)Environmental protection is more a responsibility for our students than interest.
[翻译]　对于我们学生而言，环保与其说是兴趣，倒不如说是一种责任。

[句式训练全通关]
Ⅰ.句型转换
1．Neither this story nor that one is interesting.
→This story is ________ more interesting ________ that one.
2．This picture is not so/as beautiful as that one.
→This picture is ________ more beautiful ________ that one.
3．I am not the only person that has won the prize.
→I am not the only person ________________ the prize.
4．It is reported that over 200 countries participated in the 2014 Nanjing Youth Olympic Games.
→It is reported that ________________ 200 countries participated in the 2014 Nanjing Youth Olympic Games.
【答案】1.no；than　2.not；than　3.to have won
4．more than
Ⅱ.话题写作
根据提示，利用本单元所学知识，完成下面小作文。
1．随着时间的过去，网络对我们越来越重要。(more and more)
2．一方面，我们从中受益颇多；另一方面，我们也要把它的负面影响考虑在内。(on the one hand，on the other hand；benefit；take…into consideration)
3．许多人正在失去面对面交流的机会。(communicate)
4．有的人甚至沉湎于网络，这严重影响了他们的健康。(addict)
5．所以，我们一定要采用恰当的方式运用网络。(as a consequence，adopt)
【参考范文】
With time going by，the Internet is more and more important to us.On the one hand，we benefit a lot from it；on the other hand，we should take its negative effects into consideration.Many people are losing the chance to communicate with each other face to face.Some are even addicted to it，which does great harm to their health.As a consequence，we must adopt a proper way to use it.


[阅读理解组块练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(山西省太原市2018届高三第二次模拟考试)Located in Los Angeles, University of Southern California is in the heart of a leading city.Although LA ranks highly in The Economist's Safe Cities Index, navigating and city calls for certain safety precautions (预防措施) along with practicing common sense.
♦ Mobile Safety App Powered by LiveSafe
The Mobile Safety App powered by LiveSafe, manage by the USC Department of Public Safety and the USC Department of Emergency Planning, is a free downloadable app that mobile users can use to initiate contact with emergency responders around the campus.Features include: immediate “push button” calls to DPS, easy reporting for suspicious activity or crimes in progress, and location services to notify friends of your route through campus.
♦ Blue Light Phone Locations
The University Park has multiple blue light phones that are strategically placed throughout campus.Take note of where the closest ones are on your route.They come in handy in case you lose your phone or in an emergency.These phones are directly connected to USC's Department of Public Safety's 24­hour communications center.Besides emergency needs, it can also be used to report suspicious activity, request for an escort (护送) if you feel unsafe and to report a crime.
♦ Trojans Alert
Trojans Alert is an emergency notification system that allows university officials to contact you during an emergency by sending messages via text message or e­mail.When an emergency occurs, authorized USC senders will instantly notify you with real­time updates, instructions on where to go, what to do (or what not to do), whom to contact and other important information.All members of the USC community, as well as parents and regular visitors to campus, are strongly encouraged to sign up for Trojans Alert.
1．What do blue light phones do for students?
A．Guide students through campus.
B．Alert students to crime activities.
C．Light up the way if students feel unsafe.
D．Connect them with the safety department.
2．How does USC send out instructions during an emergency?
A．With blue light phones.
B．Via text message or e­mail.
C．Through mobile safe app.
D．By calling all USC members.
3．What is the purpose of the text?
A．To encourage students to fight crimes.
B．To introduce USC's safety department.
C．To provide safety services for USC students.
D．To inform parents of safety risks on campus.
【答案与解析】
1．D　细节推理题。根据Blue Light Phone Locations中第四句可知，这些手机直接连接到南加州大学公共安全部门的24小时通讯中心，故选D。
2．B　细节推理题。根据Trojans Alert中第一句可知，Trojans Alert是一个紧急通知系统，在紧急情况下通过短信或电子邮件发出指令，故选B。
3．C　推理判断题。根据第一段和下文的安全服务措施的具体介绍可知，本文的目的是介绍大学为学生们提供的安全服务，故选C。
B
(2018云南质检)In a science fiction future, we'll arrive at the hotel in our driverless taxi，check in at the reception desk staffed by androids, and then follow the robot porter(行李员) as it carries our bags to our room.

However, this is already a science fact.
Robots are already working in some hotels—the Henn­na Hotel in Sasebo，Japan is manned entirely by machines.
In a Marriott hotel in Ghent, Belgium, a humanoid robot named Mario has been working since June 2015.He welcomes guests in 19 languages.
Another robot has just taken up a concierge(接待员) position at a Hilton McLean hotel in Virginia.
So the rise of the hotel machines seems unstoppable, but will guests really want to stay in robot­run hotels? And will it come at the cost of human interaction and human jobs?
U．S.online booking company Travelzoo gathered some statistics.Of the 6,000 travelers surveyed globally, nearly two thirds said they'd be comfortable with the idea of being looked after by machines.
Richard Singer, Travelzoo's European president, says he welcomes the day when apps and machines will get us from lobbies(大堂) to rooms.
But how to stop a robot stealing your job?
“A lot of jobs considered non­automatable in the past are now automatable，” said Carl Benedikt Frey from University of Oxford, an expert on technology and employment.
But Frey says it's still too early to say what effect robots will have on employment levels.
In other words, even though robots may soon be checking us in, that's no excuse for us to be out.
4．Three hotels are mentioned in the text to show that ________.
A．robots are already working in hotels in reality
B．many common jobs can be done by robots
C．robots can really help people check into hotels
D．there are now some restaurants run by robots
5．The company Travelzoo found out that ________.
A．robots will put hotel employees out of work
B．robots still have a long way to go to replace humans
C．the hotel robots are mostly well­received
D．some hotel jobs can be automatable
6．What is Richard Singer's attitude towards using robots in hotels?
A．Doubtful.　　　　　　 B．Positive.
C．Negative.　 D．Cautious.
7．Which of the following can be the best title of the text?
A．Japan Opens World's First Robot Hotel
B．Our Next Hotel Will Be Staffed by Robots
C．How to Compete with Robots for a Job
D．How Guests React to Robot Service
【答案与解析】
4．A　写作意图题。根据第三段并结合文中介绍的三个由机器人提供服务的宾馆可以判断，文中提及这三个宾馆是为了说明在现实中，机器人已经在宾馆工作了，故A项正确。
5．C　推理判断题。根据第七段可知，有近三分之二的客户认为由机器人照顾他们是舒适的；据此可知，Travelzoo公司的调查结果是在宾馆工作的机器人得到了大部分顾客的好评，故C项正确。
6．B　推理判断题。根据第八段可知，Richard Singer欢迎机器人取代人的工作；据此可以判断，Richard Singer对宾馆机器人持积极的态度，故B项正确。
7．B　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文首段通过介绍科幻小说中提及的在宾馆服务的机器人来引出本文的话题；接着介绍在现实生活中已经有三个宾馆使用了机器人；最后介绍对宾馆机器人服务的评价及其优点；据此可以判断，B项最适合作本文标题。
C
A family watching a dolphin from their boat were shocked when it dropped them off a cod(鳕鱼) supper for dinner.
The group were enjoying watching the mammal playing in the water when it suddenly dived down and caught the cod before placing it near to Lucy Watkins,14.
The dolphin then appeared and began pulling the fish towards the stunned teenager.Lucy and her grandparents wondered whether they should pick up the fish in case the dolphin wanted it for tea.
But the dolphin then appeared seconds later with his own fish，this time a seabass(石斑鱼)，and began eating.The family gratefully accepted the cod，which weighed about 101bs，before taking it home to cook for their dinner.
Lucy said，“He definitely wanted me to have his fish.He first dropped it 20 feet away but then pushed it to within 5 feet of my boat.Everyone was watching on the beach and we caused quite a stir(震动) when we came back with the cod.”
Grandmother Nina added，“It was as if he was saying to Lucy ‘Don't worry，now I've got a fish to play with and so have you.This is mine for my tea; you have that one for yours.’”
“He was just so playful and content to be around us.Lucy was swinging her fingers in the water and he seemed to be attracted by that.”
“If I hadn't seen it myself I'd never have believed it.My theory is that he was lonely and wanted human company.He was with us for about two hours.”
“It seemed rude to refuse him so we took the fish and had cod and chips for supper.It was massive.I've still got half in the freezer.”
A spokesman said，“This is a very interesting account.There are many examples worldwide of dolphins interacting with humans.We would appeal to people to leave living space for them.”
8．Why did Lucy and her grandparents wonder whether to pick up the fish?
A．Because they were afraid to accept the fish.
B．Because they were not sure whether the fish was the gift to them.
C．Because the fish was too big.
D．Because they were very grateful.
9．In Paragraph 3，the underlined word “stunned”can be replaced by “________”．
A．astonished B．upset
C．disappointed D．worried
10．From what can Lucy Watkins believe the fish was the gift to her?
A. There are many examples worldwide of dolphins interacting with humans.
B．Everyone was watching on the beach.
C．The dolphin first dropped but then pushed it near their boat.
D．The dolphin likes to play with her.
11．According to the passage，we can infer that________.
A．Lucy's swinging her fingers in the water frightened the dolphin away
B．Grandmother Nina had never believed this
C．the fish is not delicious so they got half in the freezer
D．a spokesman suggested that dolphins should have their living space
【答案与解析】
8．B　推理判断题。由第三段in case the dolphin wanted it for tea可知，他们不确定这是不是海豚专门送给他们的礼物，故选B。
9．A　词义猜测题。由语境可知海豚把鱼推给露西，这应使她感到非常的惊讶。
10．C　根据第五段He first dropped it 20 feet away but then pushed it…可知C为正确选项。
11．D　推理判断题。根据最后一段leave living space for them可知，人们应该让海豚有自己的生活空间。
D
(安徽省江淮十校2018届高三4月第三次联考)China became the first country to clone a monkey using non­reproductive cells, scientists said on Thursday.By December 2017 , the Chinese Academy of Sciences had created two clone macaques(猕猴) named“Zhong Zhong” and “Hua Hua”by nuclear transferring of body cells—any cell in the organism other than reproductive cells.This was the similar technology used to create the famous clone sheep Dolly in 1996.
Telra, a monkey born in 1999, is the world's first ever­cloned monkey, but it was done using a simpler method called embryo splitting(胚胎分裂)，and cannot be genetically modified to suit experimental needs, said Pu Muming, a leading researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences.“Cloning a monkey using body cells has been a world­class challenge because it is a primate(灵长类)that shares its genetic makeup, therefore all of its complexity, with humans，” he said.
“For drug and other lab tests, scientists have to purchase monkeys from all over the world, which is costly, bad for the environment and produces inaccurate results because each monkey might have different genes，” Pu said.
“By cloning monkey using body cells, we can mass reproduce a large number of genetically identical monkeys in a short amount of time, and we can even change their genes to suit our needs，” he added.“This can save time, cut down experiment costs, and produce more accurate results, leading to more effective medicine.”
Sun Qiang, director of the non­human primate research facility at the institute, said most of the drug trials are currently done on lab mice.However, drugs that work on mice might not work or even have severe side effects on humans because the two species are so different.
Monkeys and humans are both primates, so they are much closely related and testing on monkeys is supposed to be as effective as testing on humans.This achievement will help China lead the world research in an international science project related to study of primate brains.
12．Which description of the two clone macaques is true?
A．They were the first monkeys ever­cloned in the world.
B．They were created using reproductive cells.
C．They would be fed to suit experimental needs.
D．The technology used to create them was similar to that of creating Dolly.
13．The underlined word in the fourth paragraph is closest to “________” in meaning.
A．same B．similar
C．relevant D．close
14．What can be learned from the passage?
A．Pu Muming and Sun Qiang were doing most work in cloning the two macaques.
B．Genetic research on monkeys can be seen as effective as that on humans.
C．Most drug trials have been done on mice because mice share the same genetic makeup and complexity with humans.
D．Scientists can mass reproduce cloned monkeys to cut down experiment costs.
15．This passage above can be most probably read in ________.
A．a science magazine B．a guidebook
C．a science fiction D．a brochure
【答案与解析】
12．D　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，克隆猕猴使用的技术与著名的克隆羊多利使用的技术是相似的。故选D。
13．A　词义猜测题。根据画线句中提到的reproduce以及下文中的we can even change their genes to suit our needs可推断，通过用身体细胞克隆猴子，我们可以在很短的时间里克隆大量基因相同的猴子，甚至改变他们的基因满足我们的要求。因此推断画线词词义与A项“same”相同。
14．B　推理判断题。根据倒数第一段第一句可知，猴子和人都是灵长类，他们关系密切，因此对于猴子的基因研究与对人类的研究一样有效。故选B。
15．A　推理判断题。纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述克隆技术方面的研究成果，中国成功用非生殖细胞克隆出猕猴。因此推断文章很可能在科技杂志上读到。故选A。
Ⅱ.七选五
Evaluating Sources(来源)of Health Information
Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation.A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of health information.Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information，how to separate fact from opinion，how to recognize poor reasoning，and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources.　1　
Go to the original source.Media reports often simplify the results of medical research.Find out for yourself what a study really reported，and determine whether it was based on good science.Think about the type of study.　2　
Watch for misleading language.Some studies will find that a behavior “contributes to” or is “associated with” an outcome；this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result.　3　 Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it.
Use your common sense.If a report seems too good to be true，probably it is.Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements.　4　 Evaluate “scientific” statements carefully，and be aware of quackery(江湖骗术)．
　5　 Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration，but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.
Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about health problems will serve you well throughout your life.
A．Make choices that are right for you.
B．The goal of an ad is to sell you something.
C．Be sure to work through the critical questions.
D．And examine the findings of the original research.
E．Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.
F．Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an author's point of view.
G．The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.
【答案】　1～5　GDFBA
[语言知识运用组块练]
Ⅰ.完形填空
Things have been kind of tough lately for Shannon Baker and her little family.They have each other's parents and their young daughter and for that they are__1__.But she and her husband are both __2__ currently.And their car is in great need of__3__.And then there is the matter of their second child，who is__4__soon.So things are a little tense for the Baker family these days.
When Shannon and her daughter were walking through a store__5__lot recently，Shannon picked up an envelope from the ground that__6__$4,000 in cash.There were a__7__of different explanations that could be considered.Was this a kind of good__8__？ Could it be an attempt by the universe to balance everything? Could it be simply a gift from God? Shannon didn't know.The only thing she knew was that the cash in that envelope__9__to someone else.Oh，and one other thing she knew: Her young daughter was__10__.“My kid was standing right there__11__I found it，”Shannon told WLS­TV in Chicago.“So basically I wanted to teach my daughter how to be__12__.And for me that was enough.”
Never mind the bills that were__13__，or the car that needed to be fixed，or the baby that would come soon.And forget that when she__14__the money over to the police she was told that there was actually nothing illegal if she__15__it.
The police were able to return the money to the person who__16__it: an old woman.And one can imagine the__17__and relief she felt when the police handed the lost envelope back to her.“She came to my house and she was almost in tears，__18__me，” Shannon said.“She gave me a hug and an envelope with a small__19__of money in it.But the amount，large or small，wasn't__20__.What was important was the opportunity to teach my daughter honesty.”
1．A.restricted B．grateful
C．sensitive D．upset
2．A.disappointed B．appreciated
C．unemployed D．removed
3．A.cash B．protection
C．repair D．sale
4．A.sick B．due
C．desperate D．dull
5．A.parking B．gathering
C．cleaning D．begging
6．A.participated B．contained
C．charged D．paid
7．A.number B．deal
C．handful D．flood
8．A.expense B．prize
C．hope D．luck
9．A.pointed B．reacted
C．responded D．belonged
10．A.watching B．urging
C．laughing D．affecting
11．A.before B．though
C．because D．when
12．A.honest B．loyal
C．ripe D．humorous
13．A.passing by B．giving away
C．showing off D．piling up
14．A.watched B．turned
C．got D．collected
15．A.checked B．made
C．kept D．promoted
16．A.sent B．disliked
C．lost D．generated
17．A.respect B．anxiety
C．tension D．joy
18．A.comforting B．congratulating
C．offending D．thanking
19．A.amount B．present
C．envelope D．option
20．A.important B．necessary
C．evident D．essential
【答案与解析】
1．B　由上文可知他们各自有自己父母和女儿，为此他们心存感激。grateful“感激的”；restricted“限制的”；sensitive“敏感的”；upset“心烦意乱的”。
2．C　由下文知道他们需要钱，生活艰难，可知他们都失业了。unemployed“失业的”。
3．C　由第三段or the car that needed to be fixed，可知车需要修理。
4．B　由下文可知他们的第二个孩子就要降生。due“应到的；预期的”。
5．A　a store parking lot意为“一个商店的停车场”。
6．B　Shannon从地上捡到了一个装有4 000美元现金的信封。contain“包含；装有”。
7．A　由下文different explanations可知此处用a number of表示许多。
8．D　由上文可知，Shannon捡到了钱，所以这里指“好运气”。
9．D　belong to为固定搭配，意为“属于”。
10．A　由语境可知，她的女儿正站在这里看着。
11．D　句意为：当我发现它时，我的孩子就站在那。when意为 “当……时候”。
12．A　由上下文可知，她想教育孩子如何做一个诚实的人。
13．D　由前文the bills可知，此处指“不要担心债台高筑”。pile up“堆积”。
14．B　由上下文可知，她把钱交给了警察，turn over意为“上交”。
15．C　句意：如果她将这些钱据为己有，也不违法。keep“保留”。
16．C　此处指“丢钱的人”。
17．D　找到了丢失的钱，失主非常高兴。joy意为“高兴”。
18．D　失主找到了丢失的钱，当然要感谢Shannon。
19．A　失主拥抱了Shannon并且给了她一个信封，里面有少量的钱。a small amount of意为“少量的”。
20．A　钱多少并不重要，重要的是对女儿的教育。
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2018·银川检测)World Read Aloud Day is celebrated each year on the first Wednesday of March.It 1.________ (start) by the LitWorld.org in 2010 and has now reached 65 countries.The aim is to encourage people worldwide who cannot read to enjoy the benefits of a book.Its website asks everyone 2.________ (celebrate) the day by taking a book, finding an audience, and reading out aloud.It is about taking action to show the world that the right to read and write 3.________(belong) to all people.
The website asks 4.________(visit) to join in the movement to reduce 5.________number of illiterate (不识字的) people in the world.It is 6.________(absolute) necessary to help those who cannot read.The website says, “It's time to start by reading aloud to 7.________ might like it.Share a book with a child who might need it, share a story with someone who would treasure it, listen patiently 8.________someone else's story as they share with you.”The United Nations says，“Literacy involves a variety of learning in enabling individuals to achieve their goals, to develop their knowledge, 9.________to participate fully in society.”In that way, World Read Aloud Day does help make a 10.________(different)．
【答案】1.was started　2.to celebrate　3.belongs
4．visitors　5.the　6.absolutely　7.whoever　8.to　9.and
10．difference
[书面表达组块练]
Ⅰ.短文改错
I'm writing in response to your advertisement for a secretary what you have advertised on China Daily of May 19,2019.
My name is Li Hua.I'm twenty­two years old now，but will soon graduate from Tsinghua University.My major is business management.Had learned English for 10 years，I can use it fairly free now.Beside，I've got a good knowledge of computer.I have been one of the editor for the student newspaper in our school for the past 3 years.My grades remained outstanding in my class.The most important thing are that I like office work very much.I'm sure I'm qualifying for the position.
【答案】
I'm writing in response to your advertisement for a secretary 或　 you have advertised China Daily of May 19,2019.
My name is Li Hua.I'm twenty­two years old now， will soon graduate from Tsinghua University.My major is business management. learned English for 10 years，I can use it fairly now.，I've got a good knowledge of computer.I have been one of the for the student newspaper in our school for the past 3 years.My grades outstanding in my class.The most important thing that I like office work very much.I'm sure I'm for the position.
Ⅱ.书面表达
现在很多学生有智能手机。智能手机在方便人们了解更多信息、缓解压力的同时，也产生了浪费时间、金钱，面对面交流减少，影响学习和休息等问题。请据此写一篇100词左右的英语短文，介绍一下智能手机的利与弊，并说明你的看法。
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Now more and more students own smartphones which become part of their daily life.They use smartphones not only to get information around the world more quickly and easily, but also escape the pressure of life.
However, every coin has two sides.Some students spend too much time and money on smartphones so that they don't have time to communicate face to face with their friends or family.As a result, their life and studies have been badly affected.
In my opinion, we should avoid using smartphones too much.Meanwhile, it's necessary for us to take part in more outdoor activities.
[单元基础回顾练]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Anyone can't enter the hall without my________(permit)．
2．Paul's mother had him ________ (adopt) because she couldn't look after him herself.
3．I'm sorry I offended you, but it wasn't my________ (intend)．
4．Experiments on animals________(conduct) long before the medicine was applied to patients.
5．One third of the country is covered with trees and the majority of the citizens ________(be) black people.
6．All 11 miners buried in a rainstorm­triggered landslide were________(confirm) dead in southwest China.
7．In a year he collected________ (rely) information on 1,600 shoes.
8．The loss has not yet been calculated________(accurate)，but it is believed to be well beyond a hundred million dollars.
9．No human being could have passed________ happier childhood than myself.
10．Do you have any information about the new books ________sale?
【答案】1.permission　2.adopted　3.intention　4.have been conducted　5.are　6.confirmed　 7.reliable　8.accurately
9．a　10.for
Ⅱ.句型转换
1．Could you help me (to) take these bags in?
→Could you _____________________________take these bags in? (favor)
→Could you _____________________________these bags in? (assist)
→Could you _____________________________these bags in? (aid)
2．It rained yesterday.As a result the match was canceled.
→It rained yesterday and __________________________the match was canceled.
→It rained yesterday and __________________________the match was canceled.
3．Most of the guests invited to the party were from South Africa.
→____________________________the guests invited to the party were from South Africa.
4．This restaurant is the best in service.
→__________________in service ____________________________ this one.
【答案】1.do me a favor to; assist me in taking; aid me in taking　2.in consequence; as a consequence　3.The majority of　4.No restaurant; is better than