2020新课标高考牛津版英语第一轮总复习讲义：第1部分Book5　Unit2　Theenvironment


Book 5　Unit 2　The environment
晨读暮诵　单元话题——环境

1．haze n．雾霾
2．smog n．烟雾
3．reusable adj.可再使用的
4．existence n．生存
5．energy n．能量；精力
6．pour v．倾倒
7．harm n．对……有害
8．pollute v．污染
9．threaten v．威胁
10．totally adv.完全地
11．effective adj.有效的
12．greenhouse effect 温室效应
13．result in导致
14．pay attention to注意
15．take measures采取措施
16．to make matters worse使事情更糟糕的是
17．prevent…from…阻止……免于……
18．form a habit of…养成……的习惯
19．live a lower­carbon life过低碳生活
20．raise one's environmental awareness提高某人的环保意识

1．As we all know，environmental protection has become one of the current hot topics.
众所周知，环境保护已成为当下的一个热点话题。
2．It is high time for us to take measures to prevent the earth from getting warm.
该是我们采取措施来阻止全球变暖的时候了。
3．There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.
不可否认，空气污染是一个极其严重的问题：城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。
4．Accordingly/Consequently, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that people are more and more aware of the importance of the protection of the environment.
因此，不难得出结论：人们越来越意识到环境保护的重要性了。
5．Only in this way can we enjoy fresh air and live a healthy life.
只有用这种方法我们才能享受到新鲜的空气并过上健康的生活。

结合漫画Three Generations，写一篇100词左右的英语短文，用微信发给某环保部门。

1．简要描述漫画反映的现象；
2．分析这种现象产生的主要原因及危害；
3．提出解决这种问题的方法(至少两点)。
[参考范文]
As is vividly shown in the cartoon，when standing beside the river in their hometown, the grandpa said to himself，“It was clear.” The river was brown in the dad's memory，while the child screamed，“It is black now！”
What the story mirrors is clearly about water pollution.Many factors account for the pollution，yet nothing but human behavior is the main reason.With no effective measures taken by the government，many factories pour amounts of waste water into rivers without treating it.
Obviously, drinking heavily polluted water will do great harm to human health，in which case many people are faced with potential risks of sickness or even death.
To avoid the tragedy, something practical should be done from now on.First of all，the government should take measures to deal with water pollution seriously.What's more，we suggest some popular programmes be produced to teach people，especially the owners of factories，how to avoid pollution.Only by raising people's awareness of the environmental protection can we enjoy clean water and a healthy life.


[高频词汇]
1．________(n.) 顾问
2．________(n.& vi.) 辩论；争论，讨论
3．________(adj.) 贪婪的，贪心的
4．________(n.) 看法；信念
5．________(vt.& vi.) 经营；动手术
6．________(n.) 数量
7．________(n.)商品，货品
8．________(n.) 到来，抵达；到达者
9．________(n.) 海关；关税
10．________(vi.) 冲突，抵触(n.) 冲突；矛盾
11．________(vt.&vi.&n.)减少
12．________(n.) 措施，方法；尺度；(vt.) 测量；估量，判定
13．________(n.) 洪水；大量，大批；(vt.& vi.) 泛滥；大量涌入；淹没
14．________(n.) 范围；一系列；山脉；(vi.)(在一定范围内)变化；包括；排序，排列
15．________(vt.) 欣赏，赞赏；感谢；领会
16．________(n.) 气候
17．________(adj.) 电的，用电的
18．________(vt.) 消耗，耗费；消费
19．________(adj.)专指的，特指的；特别的；讲究的，挑剔的
20．________(vt.) 吸收；理解；使全神贯注
21．________(n.) 十年
【答案】1.consultant　2.debate　3.greedy　4.belief
5．operate　6.quantity　7.goods　8.arrival　9.customs　10.conflict　11.decrease　12.measure　13.flood
14．range　15.appreciate　16.climate　17.electrical
18．consume　19.particular　20.absorb　21.decade
[派生词汇]
1．________(adj.) 经济的→________(n.) 经济→________(adj.) 节俭的；经济的→________(adv.) 节俭地；经济地
2．________(n.) 产量；生产→________(n.) 产品；产物→________(v.) 生产(n.) 产品；农产品
3．________(n.) 责任，职责→________(adj.) 负责的→________(adv.) 负责地；可靠地
4．________(vt.)使印象深刻→________(n.)印象→______(adj.)给人深刻印象的
5．________(adv.) 非法地→________(adj.) 非法的→________(adj.)合法的
6．________(vt.)保护，保存；节省，节约→ ________(n.)(对自然环境的)保护
[聚焦goods类似词]
①customs海关；关税②remains残留物；遗迹③works作品④surroundings周围环境⑤belongings动产；财物⑥arms武器
【答案】1.economic；economy；economical；economically
2．production；product；produce　3.responsibility；responsible；responsibly　4.impress；impression；impressive　5.illegally；illegal；legal　6.conserve；conservation
[语境活用]
1．Cheap goods are available, but not in sufficient________(数量) to satisfy demand.
2．Social progress is normally a matter of struggles and________(冲突)．
3．Bank base rates have fallen from 10 percent to 6 percent—a ________(减少)of 40 percent.
4．We must take preventive________(措施)to reduce crime in the area.
5.The temperature________(在一定范围内变化) between 30 and 40 degrees centigrade on average.
6.Many streams have________(淹没)their banks, making some roads impassable.
7．The police haven't really done anything for the black community in________(特别的)．
8.In order to________(欣赏)the novel one must be able to enter the spirit of the work.
9.There has been widespread public ________(讨论)over the introduction of genetically modified food.
10．There will be tax increases on a range of________(商品) and services.
【答案】1.quantities　2.conflicts　3.decrease　4.measures
5．ranges　6.flooded　7.particular　8.appreciate
9．debate　10.goods

1．________ the floor　　　　　　自由发言
2．result ________ 导致
3．cut back ________ 减少，削减，缩减
4．use ________ 用尽
5．run ________(of) 用完，耗尽
6．cause/do damage ________ 对……造成危害
7．clean ________ 打扫(或清除)干净
8．queue ________ 排队等候
9．pick ________ 找出；挑选
10．________ regard to 关于，至于
11．let ________ 排放
12．________ particular 尤其，特别
13．________ one's part 尽自己的职责
14．set ________ 创建，建立，开办
15．put …________danger 把……置于危险之地
16．________use 在使用中
17．________way 进行中
【答案】1.open　2.in　3.on　4.up　5.out　6.to　7.up
8．up　9.out　10.in/with　11.off　12.in　13.do　14.up
15．in　16.in　17.under
[语境活用]
1．As you cut back________ the amount of caffeine you consume, you may find yourself feeling tired.
2．I went along thinking of nothing ________particular only looking at things around me.
3．After the mid­term exam, the students decided to go on an excursion to let ________ stress.
4．Once the non­renewable resources are used ________， nothing can replace them.
5.I'm going to pick ________ a few books to send to several friends in South China.
6.What are your future plans________ regard to both higher education and employment?
7.The yearly campaign to raise funds for the Red Cross is already________ way.
8.Please queue________ for a ticket. Do not jump the queue.
9.The fuel had almost run ________ and was forced to break into a filling station.
10．An increase in cars has resulted________ the decline of public transport.
【答案】1.on　2.in　3.off　4.up　5.out　6.in/with
7．under　8.up　9.out　10.in

1. [原句]　First I am talking to you today about the way vast areas of the world are damaged by chemical waste.
[点拨]　句中vast areas of the world are damaged by chemical waste是定语从句，修饰先行词the way，way后省略了that/in which。
[仿写]　计算机已经改变了我们的工作和娱乐方式。
Computers have changed __________________________.
2. [原句]　The world's population has grown by six times what it was in 1800.
[点拨]　本句使用了倍数表达法：倍数＋what从句。
[仿写]　这家汽车厂现在的产量是五年前的三倍。
The car factory can produce ________________________ five years ago.
3. [原句]　I liked it when you told that joke.
[点拨]　句中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面when引导的从句。
[仿写]　我不喜欢你口是心非。
I don't ________________ you don't say what you mean.
4. [原句]　Therefore，the more petrol and electricity we consume，the more carbon we are letting off.
[点拨]　“the＋比较级…，the＋比较级…”句型，表示“越……，越……”。
[仿写]　你越努力，你的进步就越大。
________ you work，________ you will get.
【答案】1.the way (that/in which) we work and play
2．three times what it did　3.like it when　4.The harder；the more progress

第一板块　核心词汇
[基础知识要牢记]
1．belief n．看法；信念
beyond belief　　　　　　难以置信
have a belief in 相信
hold the belief that… 持有……信心
①It's beyond belief that a 14­year­old girl could break the provincial high jump record.
难以置信的是，一个14岁的女孩可以打破省级跳高纪录。
②Poor as he was in math, he didn't give up, because he held the belief ________diligence makes up for the deficiency.
虽然他数学不好，但他没有放弃，因为他坚信勤奋弥补不足。
【答案】②that
2．operate vt.经营，管理；操作vi.动手术；运转；见效，起作用
(1)operate on sb.(for…)　　(因某病)给某人动手术
(2)operation n. 运转，运行；操作
come/go into operation 生效，实行
be in operation 运转中，实施中
(3)operator n. 操作员；接线员
①Doctors decided to operate on the patient at once.
医生们决定立刻对病人实施手术。
②The new rules come ________ operation from next week.
新规定从下周起开始实施。
[一词多义]
写出下列句中operate的含义。
③ORBIS is an international non­profit organization which operates the world's only flying teaching eye hospital.________
④This machine is very easy to operate.Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.________
⑤I'm afraid that your leg will have to be operated on；there's no other way to stop the pain.________
⑥Although the machine operates well at low temperatures，at high temperatures there are some problems.________
⑦The doctor said the medicine would operate in ten minutes.________
【答案】②into　③经营　④操作　⑤动手术　⑥运转
⑦见效，起作用
3．impress vt.使印象深刻；使铭记，使牢记vi.给人留下印象，使人注意
(1)be impressed by/with　　对……有深刻印象
impress sth.on/upon one's mind/memory
使某人对某事有印象/使某人铭记某事
impress sth.on/upon sb./impress on/upon sb. sth.
使某人铭记某事
impress sb.with sth. 某事给某人留下深刻印象
(2)impression n. 印象
make/leave a deep impression on sb./one's memory
给某人留下深刻的印象
(3)impressive adj. 令人赞叹的；令人难忘的
①We are very impressed with the standard of the children's works.
这些儿童作品水平之高，给我们留下了深刻印象。
②The teacher impressed ________ his students the importance of making notes in class.
老师让学生认识到课堂上做笔记的重要性。
③A thousand words will not leave so deep ________ impression as one deed.
千言万语不如一个行动。
【答案】②on/upon　③an
4．conflict vi.冲突；抵触n.冲突，矛盾
　　　与……相冲突
(a)conflict over sth. 关于……的冲突
①She had often come into conflict with her mother.
她经常与妈妈发生争执。
②His account conflicted ________ reports received from other journalists.
他的讲述和从其他记者那儿收到的报道有出入。
③She found herself in conflict ________ her parents ________ her future career.
她发现自己在将来择业问题上与父母存在着分歧。
【答案】②with　③with; over
5．measure n．[C]措施，方法；尺度vt.测量；估量，判定；linking­v.(指尺寸、长、宽、高等)量度为
(1)take measures to do sth.　采取措施做某事
make…to one's measure 依照某人的尺寸做……
(2)be measured…by/in… 用……来衡量/计算……
measure sb.for… 为某人量尺寸
①She was being measured for her wedding dress.
正在给她量尺寸做结婚礼服。
②The government has taken measures ____________ down the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.
政府已经采取措施来降低日用品的高价格，以保持市场稳定。
【答案】②to bring
[温馨提示]　measure表示“(测量后)有……长(或宽、高、大等)”时是系动词，主动形式表示被动含义。
6．range n．(变动)范围，幅度；一系列；分类；射程；山脉vi.(在一定范围内)变化；包括；排列，排序
(1)in/within range of…　　在……的范围内
beyond/out of range of… 在……的范围外
a range of 一系列的
(2)range from…to…＝range between…and…
在……和……范围内变化
①Classical music ranges from jazz to pieces for large orchestras.
古典音乐范围从爵士乐到大型管弦乐作品。
②The customer you are trying to reach is currently ________ range.
你正在拨打的用户目前不在服务区。
【答案】②out of/beyond
7．appreciate vt.欣赏，赞赏；感激；领会
(1)appreciate (one's) doing sth.　感激(某人)做某事
I would appreciate it if… 如果……，我会感激不尽
(2) appreciation n. 欣赏，感激；理解
①I'd appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
如果你能让我提前知道你是否能来，我会很感激的。
②I appreciated my teacher's ________ me learn so much.
我很感激我的老师帮我学习到这么多。
【答案】②helping
8．absorb vt.吸收(气体、液体、热、光等)；理解；使全神贯注
(1)absorb knowledge/information　　掌握知识/信息
absorb one's attention/the attention of sb.
吸引某人的注意
absorb…into… 把……吸收进……
absorb oneself in 全神贯注于
(2)absorbed adj. 全神贯注于
be absorbed in… 全神贯注于……
①More ard more newspapers are being absorbed into the Murdoch empire.
越来越多的报纸被并入默多克的媒体帝国。
②When deeply absorbed ________ work，which he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.
当他集中精力工作时，这种情况常有发生，他总是废寝忘食。
【答案】②in
9．cut back on减少，削减，缩减
cut across　　　抄近路穿过
cut off 切断(供应)，中断(电话通话等)；断绝
cut down 砍倒；削减；裁小
cut out 删除；裁剪
cut up 切碎
cut in 插嘴，打断(谈话)
①Many schools are cutting back on staff at the moment.
目前许多学校在裁员。
②We ________ in the middle of our telephone conversation because my cell phone was out of power.
我们在电话里谈到一半，电话就断了，因为我的手机没电了。
③The community college has to cut ________ on staff so as to save money.
为了省钱，那所社区学院只好裁员。
【答案】②were cut off　③down
10．run out (of)用完，耗尽
run into　　　撞进；遭遇；达到
run across 偶然遇到；穿过
run after 追求；追赶，追逐
run away 逃离；突然离开
①He is always running out of money before pay day.
他总是在发薪日前就把钱花光了。
②The supply of our food almost ran ________ and we felt helpless.
我们的食物给养几乎用光了，我们感觉很无助。
[词义辨析]
run out
用完，耗尽
不及物动词短语，其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等
run out of
用完
及物动词短语，其主语一般为人
give out
耗尽，用完
不及物动词短语，其主语通常是物
分发，散发出
及物动词短语，其主语为人或物
use up
用光，用完
及物动词短语，其主语一般为人
选用上述词语填空
③According to the rule of the competition, we have to ________all the items before the time________.However, it is a long and tiring process.As a result, that day, long before I ________the time given by the judge, my strength had________.What a disappointment!
【答案】②out　③use up；runs out；ran out of；given out
11．pick out找出，挑选；辨认出；领会；理解
pick up　　　　　　拾起，捡起；收拾，整理；(偶然)学会；用车接人；收听到；好转，(情况)改进；感染；买到
pick off 摘掉；摘下来
pick one's pocket 扒窃；掏包
①You can pick out the photo you like best，and I'll make an enlargement of it for you.
你可以挑选出你最喜欢的照片，我会为你扩大它。
②She picked ________________ Spanish when she was living in Mexico.
她住在墨西哥时顺便学会了西班牙语。
[一词多义]
写出下列句中黑体部分的含义。
③Perhaps you can help me pick out a pair of jeans now, since you are an expert.________
④It was so dark in the cinema that I could hardly pick out my friend.________
⑤Having read the passage many times, I finally picked out its main idea.________
⑥Peter drove to Ann's house to pick up his dog, and saw Thomas and Jack crying in the window.________
⑦I'd finished a worksheet early and picked up a TIME for Kids magazine.________
⑧It's surprising that your brother picked up Russian so quickly—he hasn't lived there very long.________
【答案】②up　③挑选　④辨认出　⑤领会　⑥用车去接
⑦拿起　⑧学会
[词汇训练全通关]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The Ministry of Education demanded many a measure ________(take) in schools after the new school year began.
2．—What is the cost of the MP5 here?
—Well，the prices range ________ $100 to$500.
3．When ________(lie) on the sofa，________(absorb) in her book，Judith didn't notice her parents come in.
4．Right after the disaster，rescue teams began flooding to the worst­hit area，and the whole rescue ________(operate) will last about five days.
5．I would appreciate it ________ you call back this afternoon for the hairdressing appointment.
6．The public debate over ________ the children of migrants should be allowed to take the national college entrance exam in major cities is heating up.
7．Food supplies in the flood­stricken area ________(run) out.We must act immediately before there's none left.
8．Traditionally，Chinese people cut ________ the Chinese characters Double Happiness and stick them onto walls or doors for weddings.
9．________ (impress) by the young man's honest speech，they offered him a good post.
10．Each of his ears ________ (measure) approximately 11.5 inches long.
【答案】1.(should)be taken　2.from　3.lying；absorbed
4．operation　5.if　6.whether　7.are running　8.out
9．Impressed　10.measures/measured
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．She picked out Spanish when she was living in Mexico.
_____________________________________________________________
2．Our food has been run out，so we must go to the market before our guests arrive.
_____________________________________________________________
3．Large quantities of information，as well as money，has been offered since the organization was built.
_____________________________________________________________
4．I hate when I am left alone to start a conversation with a stranger.
_____________________________________________________________
5．When I came in，I saw my son sitting under the tree，absorbing in his video games.
_____________________________________________________________
【答案】1.out→up　2.去掉been　3.has→have　4.hate后加it　5.absorbing→absorbed
第二板块　经典句式
[基础知识要牢记]
1．I liked_it_when you told that joke.
我喜欢听你讲那个笑话。
句中like是及物动词，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语为when引导的从句。
(1)英语中在表示喜爱、憎恶之类的动词后面常常不直接加宾语从句，而要用形式宾语it，然后再加真正的宾语从句，这样的动词有appreciate，enjoy，like，dislike，love，hate，prefer等。
①I don't like it when the weather gets really cold.
当天气变得太冷的时候我就不喜欢了。
②I ________________ when people talk loudly in public.
我不喜欢别人在公共场合大声喧哗。
(2)一些动词短语后面也常用it作形式宾语然后加真正的宾语从句，常见的动词短语有：depend on，rely on，see to(确保)等。
③Yon may ____________ that they will support you.
你相信好了，他们会支持你的。
④I owe it to you that I have achieved such great results in my research work.
我在研究工作中取得如此巨大的成果应归功于你。
【答案】②dislike it　③depend on it
[温馨提示]　类似用法的结构还有：owe it to sb.….(把……归功于某人)和take it for granted…(认为……理所当然)。
2．Therefore，the_more petrol and electricity we consume，the_more carbon we are letting off.
因此，我们消耗的汽油和电越多，排放的碳就越多。
句中运用了“the＋比较级…，the＋比较级…”句型。用法如下：
(1)意为“越……就越……”，主、从句的两个谓语是同时进行的，表示一方随另一方程度的变化而变化
(2)从结构上看，第一个“the＋比较级”是表示条件的状语从句，在表示将来意义的情况下，从句用一般现在时表示将来；第二个“the＋比较级”是主句，用一般将来时
(3)本结构中常用省略形式
①The more he thought like this，the more unhappy he became.
他越是这样想，就越是不开心。
②______________ you stay in Nanjing，______________ you will like it.
你在南京待的时间越长，你就会越喜欢这座城市。
③The sooner，the better.
越快越好。
【答案】②The longer；the more

(2016·高考四川卷，阅读理解D)The more fat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night.
[分析]　本句为the more…the more结构。
[翻译]　你睡觉前摄入的脂肪越多，晚上就对你的身体造成越大的负担。
　 　
[句式训练全通关]
Ⅰ.句型转换
1．Li Ping doesn't like you to point out her mistakes.
→Li Ping doesn't ________________ you point out her mistakes.
2．If you read more，you will learn more.
→________ you read，________ you will learn.
3．He treated us in that way，which made us not happy.
→We didn't like the way ________ he treated us.
【答案】1.like it when　2.The more；the more　3.that/in which
Ⅱ.话题写作
根据提示，利用本单元所学知识，完成下面小作文。
1．随着气候的变化和经济的发展，环境变得越来越糟。(climate，economy)
2．到了我们采取措施来保护环境的时候了。(take measures to do)
3．每个人都应该负起责任来。(responsibility)
4．在家我们应该尽可能地少消耗能源。(consume)
5．离开家时关灯。(when doing)
6．另外，外出时不开车，乘公交或骑自行车。(in addition)
【参考范文】
With the changing climate and the development of economy，the environment is getting worse and worse.It's time that we took measures to protect it.Every one of us should take the responsibility.At home，we should consume as little energy as possible.Turn off the lights when leaving.In addition，when going out，instead of driving a car，take a bus or cycle.

[阅读理解组块练]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Eco City Farms are becoming more popular in cities and towns around the United States.
Eco City Farms in Edmonston，Maryland，is located near shopping centers，car repair shops and homes.The neighborhood is a working­class community.People do not have very much money，and they have limited access to fresh food in markets.
Over the past two years，the farm has attracted volunteers from the community like Marcy Clark.She schools her four children at home.On a recent day she brought them to Eco City Farms for a lesson.Her son Alston Clark thinks his experience is very valuable.“I like coming out here，” he says，“You know，you connect with the earth，where your food comes from.You appreciate the food a little bit more.”
Margaret Morgan started Eco City Farms.She thinks of it as a place where people can learn to live healthier lives.“Growing food in a community brings people together，” she continues，“Every piece of what we do here is a demonstration to show people everything about how to have an eco­friendly community.”she says.From the Eco City Farms people come to know that they are not only growing food and raising chickens and bees，but improving the soil with compost(肥料)made from food waste.
Eco City Farms is an experimental operation.The farm gets its power not from the local electricity networks，but from the sun with solar panels.In winter，the green houses use a geothermal(地热)system.
Vegetables can be grown all year.So once a week，all winter long，neighbors like Chris Moss and her three children bike to the farm to pick up a share of the harvest.
“I like eating the vegetables，” says five­year­old Owen Moss.
1．What is mainly talked about in the passage?
A．Eco City Farms save a lot of energy.
B．Eco City Farms are gaining popularity.
C．Eco City Farms are influencing community life.
D．Eco City Farms help the working­class live better.
2．According to the passage，Eco City Farms are close to the following places EXCEPT ________.
A．shopping centers
B．car repair shops
C．fast­food restaurants
D．working­class community
3．What is the author's attitude towards Eco City Farms?
A．Enthusiastic.　　　　 B．Disappointed.
C．Surprised. D．Doubtful.
4．In which column of a newspaper can you most probably read this article?
A．People. B．Travel.
C．Environment. D．Education.
【答案与解析】
1．B　主旨大意题。通读全文特别是文章首段可知生态城市农场在美国各地日益流行。故答案选B。
2．C　细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二句“…is located near shopping centers，car repair shops and homes.The neighborhood is a working­class community.”可知，答案选C。
3．A　观点态度题。从字里行间，特别是第四段第二句可知作者对生态城市农场是很热情的。故答案选A。
4．C　文章出处题。这篇文章介绍的是生态城市农场，这是以环保为理念的家场。故答案选C。
B
It's most keen advocates say that global warming is gradually ruining the parts of our planet. But the effects of the phenomenon might be felt more positively a little closer to home, after scientists claimed that it would make flowers smell sweeter.

Some flowers could give out a smell that is nine times more fragrant than they currently produce，according to a report.
It says that a temperature increase of between 1 ℃ (34F)－5 ℃ (41F) will vastly increase the ability of flowers to produce their sweet smells.
The study，published in the journal Global Change Biology，suggests that plants are able to produce more terpenes(萜烯)－the chemicals that give them their smell－in hotter conditions.Despite the environmental risk linked to climate change，the effect on flowers could also help bee populations as the stronger smells make flowers easier to find and pollinate(授粉)．It also found that the effect could be more significant in cooler countries such as the UK and would have a strong effect on fruit trees.
The finding comes as the unseasonably warm autumn weather this year has led to reports that plants are being “tricked” into blooming early.
Guy Barter，chief horticultural adviser at the Royal Horticultural Society(RHS)，described the findings as interesting and said it could have a significant effect on lightly scented(有香味的) flowers.
“We think about climate change in terms of rising temperatures and sea levels but there are more subtle potential effects which we have not thought about，” he told The Sunday Times.
Last year，experts from the Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change warned the average global temperature had risen by 0.5℃ in 50 years.
They predicted temperatures would increase by 3℃ over the next century，causing a rise in sea levels，flooding，disease outbreaks and mass migration of refugees.
5．What's terpenes according to the passage?
A．Gases.
B．The chemicals that give them their smell.
C．Flowers.
D．A special kind of fruits.
6．Why can the effect of climate change on flowers help bee populations?
A．Because there are so many flowers.
B．Because flowers grow well.
C．Because the bees like these flowers.
D．Because the stronger smells make flowers easier to find and pollinate.
7．The underlined word “vastly”in the second paragraph means ________.
A．greatly B．slightly
C．impossibly D．hopelessly
8．Which statement is TRUE according to the passage?
A．The effect could be more significant in warmer countries.
B．The effect has a little impact on fruit trees.
C．Not all flowers could give out a nine times more fragrant smell.
D．The researchers have thought about all potential effects.
【答案与解析】
5．B　细节理解题。由文章第四段the chemicals that give them their smell－in hotter conditions可知，萜烯是让植物发出气味的一种化学物质，故选B。
6．D　细节理解题。由文章第四段as the stronger smells make flowers easier to find and pollinate可知，气味越强烈，花更容易被找到和授粉。
7．A　词义猜测题。由全文及第三段可知，当温度上升1℃～5℃，花朵制造香气的能力会大大增强。
8．C　推理判断题。由文章第二段Some flowers could give out a smell that is nine times more fragrant…可知C项正确，not all意为“并非所有的”。
C
The need to feed a growing population is putting much pressure on the world's supply of water. With 97% of the world's water too salty to be drunk or used in agriculture, the worldwide supply of water needs careful management, especially in agriculture. Although the idea of a water shortage(短缺)seems strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainfall country, many of the world's agricultural industries experience constant water shortages.
Although dams can be built to store water for agricultural use in dry areas and dry seasons, the costs of water redistribution(重新分配)are very high. Not only is there the cost of the engineering itself, but there is also an environmental cost to be considered.Where valleys(山谷)are flooded to create dams, houses are lost and wildlife homes destroyed. Besides, water may flow easily through pipes to fields, but it cannot be transported from one side of the world to the other. Each country must therefore rely on the management of its own water to supply its farming requirements.
This is particularly troubling for countries with agricultural industries in areas dependent on irrigation (灌溉). In Texas, farmers' overuse of irrigation water has resulted in a 25% reduction of the water stores. In the Central Valley area of southwestern USA, a huge water engineering project provided water for farming in dry valleys, but much of the water use has been poorly managed.
Saudi Arabia's attempts to grow wheat in desert areas have seen the pumping of huge quantities of irrigation water from underground reserves. Because there is no rainfall in these areas, such reserves can only decrease, and it is believed that fifty years of pumping will see them run dry.
9．From the first two paragraphs we learn that________.
A．much of the world's water is available for use
B．people in high rainfall countries feel lucky
C．the costs of water redistribution should be considered
D．water can be easily carried through pipes across the world
10．Which of the following is TRUE?
A．The water stores in Texas have been reduced by 75%.
B．Most industries in the world suffer from water shortages.
C．The underground water in Saudi Arabia might run out in 50 years.
D．Good management of water use resulted from the project in the Central Valley.
11．What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?
A．Steps to improving water use management.
B．Ways to reduce the costs of building dams.
C．Measures to deal with worldwide water shortages.
D．Approaches to handling the pressure on water supply.
12．The text is mainly about________.
A．water supply and increasing population
B．water use management and agriculture
C．water redistribution and wildlife protection
D．water shortages and environmental protection
【答案与解析】
9．C　细节理解题。由文中第一段第二句“With 97% of the world's water too salty to be drunk or used in agriculture…”可知A选项错误；由第一段第三句“…strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainfall country…”可知B选项不合文义；第二段前两句指出水资源的重新分配的费用极高，一方面是水利工程本身的造价，另一方面也会对生态造成极大的破坏，所以选项C正确，根据第二段第四句“…it cannot be transported from one side of the world to the other.”可知D项不正确。
10．C　细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句“…has resulted in a 25% reduction of the water stores.”可判断A选项不正确；由第一段最后一句可判断B选项错误；由文章最后一句“…fifty years of pumping will see them run dry.”可知C项正确。根据文章第三段最后一句可知D项不正确。
11．A　推理判断题。文章前面一部分主要是讲述农业在利用水资源过程中存在的问题，接下来应该是介绍加强水资源管理的方法和措施，所以A选项正确。
12．B　主旨大意题。由第一段第二句可知。
D
(2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试·全国双一流校大联考)Environmental health is defined as the control of the factors in the environment that may have harmful effects on people's physical, mental, or social well­being.Because natural disasters expose people to danger by bringing up or threatening their immediate environment, effective management of environmental health after a natural disaster is of great importance.
The environmental health measures that must be considered after a natural disaster include the supply of appropriate shelter for individuals or groups of people left homeless, the distribution of safe and accessible water, and the protection and distribution of safe food products and so on.
To effectively manage environmental health during and after a disaster, it is important that a state of preparation is in effect before the event actually occurs.During an emergency, success lately depends on making good, rapid judgment and appropriate response measures.High­level decision makers, therefore, must be familiar with sound measures beforehand and should be given an accurate judgment of the disaster's specific effects as quickly as possible.
This book is intended to serve as a guide for those who may be called upon to make emergency decisions after disaster strikes.The recommended environmental health measures have been listed in the order of priority in which they should be taken during an emergency.However, each natural disaster is unique in the degree or type of emergency.In response to any given disaster, decision makers may find it necessary to change the priority assigned to any particular measure.
13．Why is it significant to take effective measures after a natural disaster?
A．Victims may be at strike without immediate controls.
B．Victims may be at the risk of losing their properties.
C．Victims may be exposed to poisonous or radioactive minerals.
D．Victims may be threatened by environmental health problems.
14．What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?
A．Good preparation beforehand is vital.
B．Rapid judgment is quite beneficial.
C．Effective measures sound familiar.
D．Slow responses sound ineffective.
15．Whom is the book mainly written for?
A．A researcher quite into environment health.
B．An organizer to handle domestic disastrous situations.
C．A possible decision­maker to handle a disaster emergency.
D．A holidaymaker fond of the topic of effective management.
【答案与解析】
13．D　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知对自然灾害后的环境健康进行有效的管理显得尤为重要。分析选项可知D项符合题意。故选D项。
14．A　段落大意题。本段讲述了为了有效地管理灾害期间和之后的环境卫生，在事件实际发生之前进行准备是很重要的，在紧急情况下，有准备才能做出良好、快速的判断和适当的应对措施。分析选项可知选A。
15．C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的第一句可知，本书是给那些在灾难发生后要求做出紧急决定的人提供指导的，分析选项可知C项符合题意，故选C项。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2018·北京市朝阳区高三年级第二次综合练习)
Rich and Famous
Twenty years ago the most common ambition of American children was to be a teacher, followed by working in banking and finance, and then medicine.But today's situation is quite different.　1　 Instead they most commonly say they want to be a sports star, or an actor—in other words, they hope to become a celebrity.
According to experts, young people desire these jobs largely because of the wealth and the fame.　2　 Let's take athletes and singers as an example.Their careers are short­lived.Many athletes' best time only lasts a few years and singers can have a very limited career.The field that was once the focus of their lives becomes something they have little or no involvement in.As a result, they'll have a feeling of worthlessness and a lack of control.　3　 The truth is quite simple: they have been so far removed from it for so long.
In spite of these disadvantage, there is greater ambition than ever among young people to achieve that status.They are not satisfied just making a living—they want to be rich and famous.Globally, more and more TV shows provide talent competitions where winners can achieve their goals in just a few weeks or months.　4　 They unrealistically believe that this lifestyle is easily obtained and leads to great satisfaction.
While many people argue that there is nothing wrong with having such ambitions, others feel that this trend will finally lead to dissatisfaction as more and more people are unable to reach their goals.　5　 That means they ignore the simple fact that great effort is needed before success.As a result, many people won't realize their childhood dreams, which could have a negative effect on their happiness.
A．The younger generation don't favor these professions any more.
B．In many ways this has been brought about by the celebrity culture.
C．Unfortunately, they do not always have a positive effect on people's life.
D．Besides, it can be difficult for them to adapt back to a normal everyday life.
E．People no longer have a sense of satisfaction once their goals have been achieved.
F．This quick way of gaining wealth and fame creates a celebrity culture among people.
G．The reason is that they don't realize it takes talent and hard work to be rich and famous.
【答案】1～5　ACDFG
[语言知识运用组块练]
Ⅰ.完形填空
A young student was one day taking a walk with a professor，who was commonly called the students' friend.As they__1__along，they saw a pair of old shoes__2__on the road，which they thought belonged to a poor man who was working in a field nearby.The student__3__to the professor，saying，“Let us play a__4__on the man: we will__5__his shoes，and conceal(隐藏) ourselves behind those bushes，and wait to see his anxiety__6__he cannot find them.”
“My young friend，” answered the professor，“we__7__never enjoy ourselves by__8__the poor.Since you are__9__，why not give yourself a much greater pleasure by helping the poor man？Put a(n)__10__into each shoe，and then we will hide ourselves and__11__how the discovery affects him.” The student did so，and they both hid themselves behind the__12__.
The poor man soon__13__his work，and came across the field to the road__14__he had left his shoes.While putting on his shoes，he felt something__15__.He stooped(弯腰) down to see__16__it was，and found the coin.He was greatly surprised.He then__17__him on all sides，but found nobody.He then put the coin into his pocket，and his surprise was doubled when he found__18__coin.He fell upon his knees，looked up to heaven and uttered aloud a fervent (热烈的) thanksgiving，in which he__19__his sick wife and his children without bread.
The student was__20__moved and his eyes were filled with tears.
1．A.ran　　　　　　　 B．went
C．got D．came
2．A.laying B．lying
C．putting D．sitting
3．A.turned B．took
C．rushed D．reached
4．A.game B．match
C．trick D．present
5．A.buy B．sell
C．borrow D．hide
6．A.when B．since
C．while D．until
7．A.must B．should
C．would D．need
8．A.taking care of B．looking down upon
C．making fun of D．making use of
9．A.young B．old
C．poor D．rich
10．A.coin B．gift
C．stone D．egg
11．A.hear B．listen
C．watch D．ask
12．A.house B．door
C．bushes D．trees
13．A.began B．finished
C．ended D．refused
14．A.where B．when
C．that D．which
15．A.light B．heavy
C．soft D．hard
16．A.how B．which
C．who D．what
17．A.looked around B．looked after
C．turned around D．turned off
18．A.another B．other
C．the other D．others
19．A.talked about B．spoke of
C．thought of D．thought over
20．A.quickly B．slowly
C．suddenly D．deeply
【答案与解析】
1．B　文章开头提到老师和学生正在散步，故此处表示两人“往前走着”。go along指“沿着路向前走”。
2．B　他们看到一双旧鞋“躺”在地上。lying是lie的现在分词形式，在此作宾语补足语。
3．A　turn to the professor表示“转过身朝着教授”。
4．C　play a trick on sb.是固定搭配，意为“捉弄某人”。
5．D　由下文conceal ourselves可推测，学生想“藏”起农夫的鞋，然后隐藏起来，和农夫开玩笑。
6．A　学生想看“当”农夫找不到鞋时焦急的表情。此处填when，引导时间状语从句。
7．B　我们永远不“应该”通过取笑穷人来使自己开心。其余选项语气表达不准确。
8．C　本题承接上题。make fun of意为“取笑”。
9．D　由上下文可知，此处的意思应与poor相反，故选rich。
10．A　由16空后的found the coin可知，此处填coin。
11．C　让我们“看看”这一发现会给他带来什么影响。其余选项与文义不符。
12．C　由第一段最后一句中的behind those bushes可知，他们躲在“灌木丛”后。
13．B　由下文可知，那个穷人“干完”了活。
14．A　农夫穿过田地走向了他放鞋的地方。此处应选where来引导定语从句，修饰先行词road。
15．D　他感觉到鞋里有“硬的”东西。hard意为“硬的”，其余选项与文义不符。
16．D　他弯腰看是“什么”东西。
17．A　农夫对鞋子里的钱很疑惑，所以他“环顾”了他的周围。look around意为“环顾四周”。
18．C　表示“两者中的另一个”，用the other。
19．B　他“提到”了生病的妻子和饥饿的孩子。speak of意为“说起，提到”。
20．D　学生被“深深地”感动，热泪盈眶。
Ⅱ.语法填空
No sooner had the bell rung 1.________a middle­aged man，accompanied by our teacher，walked into the classroom.All of us looked at one another 2.________(question)．
The man stepped onto the stage and said，“I lost my bag on my way to my office two days ago.As I 3.________(be) wondering where I could find it，I received a phone call.It was a girl，who had picked up my 4.________(lose) bag near a bus stop and she had found my phone number in the bag.”
“Then I realized that I must had lost my bag when I was hurrying to catch the bus.The girl didn't leave until I returned to the bus stop and got back my bag.But she then left in such 5.________hurry that I had no time 6.________(ask) her name.I had spent two days 7.________(visit) the schools nearby.I would like to thank her.”
As he was speaking，our teacher 8.________(walk)to Xu Guanlan and asked her，“Why didn't you tell me the reason when you came to school late the day before yesterday? ” At that time，Guanlan had to look up.Before she said anything，the man cried out，“It is her！She is the very person 9.________returned the bag to me！”All the 10.________(eye) were fixed on Guanlan with appreciation.
【答案】1.than　2.questioningly　3.was　4.lost　5.a　
6．to ask　7.visiting　8.walked　9.who　10.eyes　
[书面表达组块练]
Ⅰ.短文改错
Dear Mr.Brown，
I'd like to introduce myself to you.I want apply for a position in your firm.I graduate from college three years ago and since then I have worked as a engineer.I am good at English and know some Japanese and Germany.I am hard­working and careful in something I do.I am honest，kind and easily to get on with.Born in 1985，I am still unmarried.I'm sure I am capable but if I am accepted，I will try out my best to contribute to our firm.I'm sure I'm fit at the position.My telephone number is 16161165616.I'm looking forward to be answered early.
Yours，
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Mr.Brown，
I'd like to introduce myself to you.I want apply for a position in your firm.I from college three years ago and since then I have worked as engineer.I am good at English and know some Japanese and .I am hard­working and careful in I do.I am honest，kind and to get on with.Born in 1985，I am still unmarried.I'm sure I am capable if I am accepted，I will try my best to contribute to our firm.I'm sure I'm fit the position.My telephone number is 16161165616.I'm looking forward to answered early.
Yours，
Li Hua
Ⅱ.书面表达
假如你是新华中学学生李华，请你以你所在城镇或农村生活或学习环境的变化为主题，给市长写一封信。信件包括以下内容：
1．描述最近的变化；
2．提出相关问题；
3．提供合理建议。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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【参考范文】
Dear Mayor，
I'm a student from Xinhua Middle School, which lies in a town of our city.I'm writing to tell you that great changes in living conditions have taken place around our school.The air has been seriously polluted by a factory near our school recently, making it difficult for us to breathe.We have to stop doing sports and playing games outdoors.Worse still, some of the students fell ill because of the smelly air and they had to stay at home last week.
Therefore, we wish you could send someone to look into the incident and try to solve the problem as soon as possible.
We are looking forward to your reply.
Best wishes!
Yours，
Li Hua
[单元基础回顾练]
Ⅰ.一句多译
1．如果你能教我如何使用电脑，我将感激不尽。
①I'd appreciate ________________me how to use the computer.
②I'd appreciate________________you could teach me how to use the computer.
2．他在音乐会上的表演给我留下了深刻的印象。
①He________me __________________his performance at the concert.
②I was __________________with/at/by his performance at the concert.
③His performance at the concert left/had/made ________________________me.
3．由于专心作画，约翰没有注意到我进入他的书房。
①As he was __________________painting，John didn't notice me enter his study.
②__________________painting，John didn't notice me enter his study.
4．我的钱已经用完了，我必须找我的父母要点。
①My money has __________________.I must go to my parents for some.
②I have _____________________my money.I must go to my parents for some.
③My money has___________________.I must go to my parents for some.
【答案】1.①you/your teaching　②it if　2.①impressed；deeply with　②deeply impressed　③a deep impression on
3．①absorbed in　②Absorbed in　4.①run out /given out　②run out of　③been used up
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Many teachers hold a belief which extended studying time doesn't necessarily improve their students' grades.
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2．It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall，some measured over 90 meters.
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3．The doctors decided to operate the patient for his lung cancer.
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4．The earlier you set about your work, the soon you will finish it.
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5．Food supplies in the flood­stricken area are running out of.We must act immediately before there's none left.
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【答案】1.which→that　2.measured →measuring
3．operate后加on　4.soon→sooner　5.去掉of