2021版高考英语新课程译林版一轮复习写作高分进阶：4.3人与自然 学案

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主题三　人与自然
话题十　世界与环境
熟记50个高频单词
·Group 1·
1. atmosphere 　n. 大气, 气氛
2. challenge n. 挑战(性)
challenging adj. 具有挑战性的
3. circumstance n. 情况, 形势, 环境
4. consequence n. 结果, 后果
5. conservation n. 保存;(自然资源的)保护, 管理
6. create vt. 创造;造成
creature n. 生物, 动物
7. damage n. &vt. 毁坏, 损害
8. decline v. 减少, 下降, 衰退, 谢绝
9. decorate vt. 装饰……, 修饰……
decoration n. 装饰, 修饰
10. decrease v. 减少, 减小, 降低
·Group 2·
1. deliberately adv. 故意, 蓄意, 存心
2. disappearance n. 消失
3. destroy vt. 破坏, 毁坏
4. disappoint vt. 使失望
disappointment n. 失望;沮丧
5. effort n. 努力, 艰难的尝试
6. environment n. 环境
7. expectation n. 预料;期望
8. extinction n. 灭绝
9. forbid vt. 禁止, 不许
10. harmony n. 和谐
·Group 3·
1. influence n. 影响
2. material n. 原料, 材料
3. natural adj. 自然的
nature n. 自然, 性质, 种类
4. noisy adj. 喧闹的, 嘈杂的
5. overlook vt. 忽略;眺望
6. permission n. 允许, 许可, 同意
permit vt. 许可, 允许;n. 许可证
7. pollute vt. 污染
pollution n. 污染
8. preserve vt. 保护, 保留, 保存
9. prevent vt. 防止, 预防
10. proper adj. 恰当的, 合适的
properly adv. 适当地
·Group 4·
1. protect vt. 保护
protection n. 保护
2. punish vt. 惩罚, 处罚
punishment n. 惩罚
3. purpose n. 目的, 意图
4. radiation n. 放射物;辐射
5. recycle vt. 回收;再循环
6. responsibility n. 责任, 负责
7. rubbish n. 垃圾;废物
8. severe adj. 严重的, 严厉的
9. situation n. 形势, 局面
10. smell v. 嗅, 闻到;发气味
n. 气味
smelly adj. 有臭味的, 发出臭味的
·Group 5·
1. species n. 物种
2. suffer vi. 受苦, 遭受
3. surround vt. 围绕;包围
surrounding adj. 周围的
4. survival n. 幸存;存活
5. threaten v. 威胁
6. tolerate vt. 容许, 允许, 忍受
7. transparent adj. 透明的, 清澈的
8. unbearable adj. 难耐的, 无法接受的
9. unbelievable adj. 难以置信的
10. uncertain adj. 不确定的
快记20个高频短语
·Group 1·
1. attach great importance to　十分重视……
2. arouse people’s awareness of environmental protection 激起人们的环保意识
3. bring. . . under control 控制
4. be aware of 意识到
5. be faced with 面临
6. die out 灭绝
7. go from bad to worse 每况愈下
8. in harmony with nature 与自然和谐相处

10. make a difference 有影响
·Group 2·
1. on account of 因为, 由于
2. play an important part in 在……中起重要作用
3. protect. . . from. . . 保护……免受……
4. prevent. . . from. . . 阻止……发生……
5. realize the importance of the environment 意识到环境的重要性
6. reduce pollution 减少污染
7. throw away 丢弃
8. There is no denying that. . . 无可否认……
9. take measures/steps to do sth. 采取措施做某事
10. to make matters worse 使事情更糟糕的是
牢记20个写作佳句
1. As middle school students, we should do our bit to say “No” to food waste, and try to develop the habit of never ordering more than what we need so as to save our limited food resources, on which we depend for a life. 作为中学生, 我们应该杜绝食物浪费, 努力养成好习惯, 点的饭菜不要超过我们所需要的, 以节约我们赖以生存的有限的粮食资源。
2. As far as I’m concerned, it’s everyone’s duty to protect the environment.
依我看来, 保护环境是我们每个人的责任。
3. There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem:the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.
无可否认, 空气污染是一个极其严重的问题:城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。
4. Rubbish and waste water are being poured into the river; as a consequence, water resources have become badly polluted. 垃圾和废水被倒入河流, 结果, 水资源被严重污染。
5. We should adopt reducing, reusing and recycling approaches to solve the problem and take good care of our environment.
我们应该采取减少、重新利用和再循环的办法来解决这个问题, 好好保护我们的环境。
6. With the number of cars increasing fast in our city, our environment is getting increasingly worse.
在我们的城市, 随着汽车数量的快速增长, 我们的环境正急剧恶化。
7. It is well-known that the global water shortage is becoming increasingly severe mainly due to global warming. 众所周知, 由于全球变暖, 全球水资源短缺问题正变得日益严重。
8. Now more and more people become aware that the present environment has much to do with what we have done to the earth. 现在, 越来越多的人开始认识到, 目前的环境与我们对地球的所作所为有很大关系。
9. Our appetite for new products also contributes to the problem.
我们对新产品的需求也导致了这个问题。
10. There was a factory which produced fertilizer. Every day it gave out a lot of poisonous gas, which polluted the environment. 这里曾有一家化肥厂。它每天排放大量有毒气体, 污染环境。
11. Forest destruction, water and air pollution result in decrease of planting land and increase of unpleasant weather. 森林破坏、水和空气污染导致种植业土地减少并使不适天气增加。
12. What’s more, every citizen should realize the seriousness of the problem and make concerted efforts to protect our environment. 此外, 每个公民都应该明白问题的严重性, 并为保护我们的环境共同努力。
13. Environmental problems are becoming more and more serious. 环境问题正变得越来越严重。
14. The earth is our home and we have the duty to take care of it for ourselves and for our later generations. 地球是我们的家园, 我们有责任为我们自己和我们的后代去照顾好它。
15. With the development of industry and agriculture, cars make noises and give off poisonous gas.
随着工农业的发展, 汽车制造噪音、排放毒气。
16. As we all know, it’s the development of industry and heavy traffic jams that have caused air pollution. 众所周知, 是工业发展和繁重的交通阻塞引起了空气污染。
17. On one hand, we’d better launch a campaign to raise people’s awareness of environmental protection. 一方面, 我们最好发起活动提高人们的环保意识。
18. On the other hand, do what we can to influence people around us to go to work or school on foot or by bike. 另一方面, 尽我们所能影响周围的人步行或骑自行车去上班或上学。
19. And even the simplest activities can make a real difference to the environment. 即使最简单的活动也能对环境产生真正的影响。
20. People have realized the great harm caused by the smog and the importance of protecting the environment. 人们已经意识到烟雾引起的巨大危害和保护环境的重要性。

随着近年来城市发展速度的加快, 很多反映城市历史风貌的古建筑屡遭破坏。就这个问题请你以How to Protect the Ancient Buildings为题向报社写一封建议信。
要点如下:
1. 很多古建筑被拆;
2. 呼吁拯救这些古建筑;
3. 希望有合理的解决方法。
注意:1. 词数80左右;
2. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
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【参考范文】
How to Protect the Ancient Buildings
In recent years, as the city develops faster and faster, many old and historic buildings are being damaged by people. They want to make room for housing or offices in urban construction. Do you think we should try to protect those old buildings or replace them with the modern ones?
I think we should take measures to protect those ancient buildings, because they reflect the history and culture of the city. And the young will learn a lot when they visit the historical relic sites. The government and related departments should find a suitable solution to these problems. As a citizen, it is my and everyone’s duty to spare no efforts to take any way to protect the historical property.
话题十一　历史与地理
熟记50个高频单词
·Group 1·
1. abundant 　　adj. 大量的, 丰盛的, 充裕的
2. ambassador n. 大使
3. bay n. 海湾
4. border n. 边(沿);边界, 国界
5. capital n. 首都
6. condition n. 条件, 状况
7. consist vi. 由……组成
8. continent n. 大陆, 大洲
9. country n. 国家;农村, 乡下
countryside n. 乡下, 农村
10. desert n. 沙漠　vt. 舍弃; 遗弃
·Group 2·
1. deserve v. (不用于进行时态)应得, 应受
2. differ vi. 相异, 有区别
difference n. 不同
3. dinosaur n. 恐龙
4. disappear vi. 消失
5. disaster n. 灾难;祸患
6. discover vt. 发现
discovery n. 发现
7. distance n. 距离
8. disturb vt. 扰乱;打扰
disturbing adj. 令人不安的, 引起恐慌的
9. divide vt. 分, 划分
10. frontier n. 边境, 国界;前沿, 前线
·Group 3·
1. exploit vt. 开采, 开发, 利用, 剥削
2. explore v. 探险
explorer n. 探险者
3. framework n. (建筑物)框架, 结构
4. geography n. 地理
5. history n. 历史
6. immigration n. 移居
7. independence n. 独立
independent adj. 独立的, 有主见的
8. landmark n. 地标性建筑
9. locate vt. 位于
10. measure v. 量
·Group 4·
1. memorial n. 纪念碑
2. memory n. 回忆, 记忆
memorize v. 记忆
3. mineral n. 矿物质, 矿物
4. mountainous adj. 多山的
5. origin n. 起源, 由来
6. period n. 时期, 时代
7. position n. 位置
8. primitive adj. 原始的, 远古的
9. pyramid n. 金字塔
10. reflect v. 反映, 反射
·Group 5·
1. remain vi. 剩下;保持, 仍是
2. remote adj. 偏远的, 偏僻的
3. ruin v. (使)毁坏;(使) 毁灭
n. (复) 废墟;遗迹
4. slavery n. 奴隶制度
5. stable adj. 稳固的, 牢固的
6. unfortunate adj. 不幸的
unfortunately adv. 不幸地
7. widespread adj. 分布广的, 普遍的
8. witness n. 目击者
v. 为……作证
9. world-famous adj. 世界闻名的
10. worldwide adj. 遍及全球的, 世界范围的
快记20个高频短语
·Group 1·
1. be surrounded by/with. . . 　　　被……环绕着/包围着
2. be located in. . . 坐落在……
3. be rich in 富含……
4. be made up of 由……组成
5. be famous/well-known for 以……闻名
6. be known as 作为……而出名
7. be separated from 与……分离
8. behind the times 落在时代后面
9. date from (date back to) 追溯到;始于
10. have a population of 有……人口

·Group 2·
1. have/cover an area of. . . square kilometers/meters
占地面积为……平方千米/米
2. have a history of 有……的历史
3. in the course of 在……期间, 在……过程中
4. in the name of 以……的名义
5. in the early 1920s 在20世纪20年代初
6. in the long run 从长远来看, 最后
7. lie in 位于;在于
8. natural resources 自然资源
9. settle down 定居
10. take on a new look 呈现新面貌
牢记20个写作佳句
1. I feel proud of knowing your interest in Chinese history.
知道你对中国历史感兴趣, 我感到自豪。
2. The Yeti is said to be a large, hairy animal that walks on two feet like a human being.
据说雪人是体形很大多毛的动物, 像人一样直立行走。
3. We can know more about the life of great people as well as history and cultures of other countries. 我们能够了解更多伟人的生活以及其他国家的历史和文化。
4. Firstly, I’d like to tell you something about the weather in my city, which is often windy and very cold in winter.
首先, 我想给你们介绍一下我的城市的天气, 通常多风而且冬天非常寒冷。
5. However, I think that you will quickly adjust to them although the weather and the food are different from yours. 可是, 我认为你会很快适应, 尽管天气与食物都与你们的不同。
6. In autumn, it’s neither too hot nor too cold.
秋天, 既不太热又不太冷。
7. Qianmen Street, with a history of 600 years, is 800 meters in length, along which there are more than 300 shops.
前门大街有600年的历史, 800米长, 沿街有300多家店铺。
8. Canada, which is the second largest country in the world, covers an area of 9. 97 million square kilometers.
加拿大, 世界第二大国, 占地面积为997万平方千米。
9. Race has always been a hot button in this country’s history.
种族一直是这个国家历史上争论不休的一个热点。
10. Confucius is considered as the greatest of the ancient Chinese sages.
孔子被认为是古代中国最伟大的圣人。
11. The village, located on the East Sea, has a history of more than 300 years and a population of 200, 000. 这个村庄坐落在东海之滨, 有着300多年的历史, 20万人口。
12. Our lab building is in the centre of the school. There is a beautiful garden in front of it and our classroom building is right behind it. 我们的实验楼在学校中心。在它的前面有一座美丽的花园。我们的教学楼就在它的后边。
13. China lies in the east of Asia and on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean.
中国位于亚洲东部, 太平洋的西岸。
14. Britain, with an area of 244. 1 thousand km2 and a population of over
65, 000, 000, is located in the northwest of the European Continent, surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean. 英国占地24. 41万平方千米, 人口超过6 500万, 位于欧洲大陆西北部, 被大西洋包围。
15. There are quite a lot of places of interest in Xi’an, such as the Terracotta Warriors and Horses, the old City Wall and so on. 西安有许多名胜古迹, 比如兵马俑、古城墙等。
16. Its capital city London also serves as one of the major international financial centers in the world.
它的首都伦敦也是世界上主要的国际金融中心之一。
17. Ancient China was one of the earliest centers of human civilization. 古代中国是人类文明最早的中心之一。
18. Its total land area is 16, 808 square kilometers, among which the mountain areas account for 52%.
它的总占地面积为16 808平方千米, 其中山区占52%。
19. Beijing is a city where the old cultural traditions and the modern civilization are well combined.
北京是一个古老的文化传统和现代文明完美融合的城市。
20. In ancient times, China got through about 20 dynasties, such as Xia Dynasty, Shang Dynasty and so on.
在古代, 中国经历了夏、商等约20个朝代。

假定你是李华, 你校英文报“外国文化”栏目拟刊登介绍美国节日风俗和中学生生活的短文。请给美国朋友彼得写信约稿, 要点如下:
1. 栏目介绍;
2. 稿件内容;
3. 稿件长度:约400词;
4. 交稿日期:6月28日前。
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
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【参考范文】
Dear Peter,
I’d like to ask you to write an article for our school’s English newspaper.
The “Foreign Cultures” section in our newspaper is very popular among us students. It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries. Would you please write something about the culture in your part of the United States? And we would especially welcome articles about how Americans spend their holidays and festivals, and the life of American high school students. You can write anything relevant so long as it’s interesting and informative. 400 words would be fine. Could we have your article before June 28?
I’m looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours,
Li Hua
话题十二　自然与灾难
熟记50个高频单词
·Group 1·
1. plain　　　　n. 平原
adj. 清楚的, 明白的
adv. 绝对地
2. pollute v. 弄脏, 污染
3. poverty n. 贫穷, 贫困
4. rural adj. 农村的, 乡下的
5. shortage n. 缺乏, 短缺
6. threaten v. 威胁, 预示
7. urban adj. 城市的, 都市的
8. advocate v. 提倡, 主张
9. eco-friendly adj. 环保的
10. harbour n. 海港, 港口
·Group 2·
1. immigrant n. 移民
2. jungle n. 密林
3. migration n. 迁移
4. mountainous adj. 多山的
5. preserve v. 保护, 保存
6. province n. 省份
7. radiation n. 辐射
8. renewable adj. 可再生的
9. population n. 人口(数)
10. atmosphere n. 大气(层)
·Group 3·
1. balance v. 平衡, 均衡
2. beach n. 海滩, 沙滩
3. cave n. 山洞
4. coast n. 海滨, 海岸
5. range n. 山脉, 范围
6. recycle v. 再循环
7. reserve v. 保留, 预订
8. phenomenon n. 现象, 人才
9. litter v. 乱扔
10. distract v. 分散;使分心
·Group 4·
1. rainfall n. 降雨量
2. severe adj. 激烈的, 严重的, 严厉的
3. shower n. 阵雨;淋浴(器)
4. trap v. 使陷入困境, 夹住;卡住
n. 陷阱, 诡计
5. volcano n. 火山
6. warmth n. 温暖
7. ash n. 灰烬, 骨灰, 废墟
8. changeable adj. (气候等)多变的
9. damp adj. 有湿气的;潮湿的
10. erupt v. (喷泉等)喷发;(感情等)爆发
·Group 5·
1. forecast v. 预测, 预报
2. frighten v. 惊吓
3. hurricane n. 飓风
4. mild adj. 温和的;轻微的
5. mist n. 雾;水汽
6. breeze n. 微风;轻而易举的事
7. centigrade n. 摄氏度
adj. 百分度的;摄氏的
8. muddy adj. 多泥的
9. sandstorm n. 沙尘暴
10. typhoon n. 台风
快记20个高频短语
·Group 1·
1. apply to a job　　　　　　适应一项工作
2. full of energy 充满精力
3. a mountain of/mountains of 大量;大堆
4. prevent sb. /sth. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人/物做某事
5. protect (sb. /sth. ) against sth. 保护(某人/某物)不受……
6. a waste of time 浪费时间
7. waste sth. on sth. 把……浪费在……上
waste sth. (in) doing 在做某事上浪费
8. as a consequence of sth. 由于……缘故
9. clean up/clear up/pick up litter 清理垃圾
10. live in poverty 生活在贫困中
·Group 2·
1. in the shade of the tree 在树荫下
2. in my present situation 在我目前的情况下
3. threaten to do 威胁要做
4. on the coast 在岸上
5. off the coast 离开海岸
6. under the protection of 在……保护下
7. in/within range (of) 在……范围内
8. out of range (of) 超出……范围
9. a wide range of 各式各样的
10. wave sb. goodbye/wave goodbye to sb. 向某人挥手道别
牢记20个写作佳句
1. We should focus on the environmental protection and improve the ecology.
我们应该关注环境保护并改善生态。
2. To build a harmonious world, the developed countries should take action to help the poor.
为建立和谐的世界, 发达国家应采取行动帮助穷人。
3. People all over the world are supposed to spare no effort to heal the world.
世界各地的人应该不遗余力地拯救世界。
4. In a word, the environmental pollution is a matter of life and death.
总之, 环境污染是生死存亡问题。
5. What the director wants to tell people is that we should take measures to beautify the environment.
导演想告诉我们的是我们应该采取措施美化环境。
6. To my delight, some people have been concerned about the environment.
让我高兴的是, 一些人已经关心环境。
7. It’s commonly thought that lots of countries are blind to the protection of environment while developing the country. 普遍认为许多国家在发展国家的同时无视环境保护。
8. There is no doubt that this topic is complicated and unstable as well.
毫无疑问, 这个话题既复杂又不确定。
9. What upsets us most is that such a situation is spreading to countryside.
最让我们苦恼的是这样的情况正扩展到乡下。
10. A majority of people hold the belief that climate change is the pressing threat for mankind.
大多数人认为气候的变化是对人类紧迫的威胁。
11. This disaster injured thousands of people and left tens of thousands of people homeless.
这次灾害使数千人受伤, 数万人无家可归。
12. I’m awfully sorry to hear that a horrible and severe earthquake unexpectedly hit your hometown. 得知你的家乡发生突如其来的特大地震灾害, 我心情非常难过。
13. The cause of natural disaster is the behavior of human beings.
引起自然灾害的原因是人类行为。
14. Disaster Day is aiming at proposing everyone to stop doing the things that will cause natural disaster. 自然灾害日旨在提倡大家停止做会导致自然灾害的事情。
15. Natural disasters have caused serious tragedy, making plenty of people injured or dead.
自然灾害已造成严重的悲剧, 导致很多人受伤或死亡。
16. Disaster has a great influence on the sustainable development of economy and society and threatens the survival of mankind.
灾难对经济和社会的可持续发展有着严重的影响, 威胁到人类的生存。
17. Natural disaster is one of the biggest problems that the current world has to face with. 自然灾害是当今世界必须面临的最大问题之一。
18. If we make great efforts on it, we can reduce these natural disasters.
如果我们付出巨大的努力, 我们就可以减少这些自然灾害。
19. Wenchuan earthquake has caused the people of disaster areas tremendous physical and mental suffering. 汶川大地震给灾区的民众造成了巨大的身心痛苦。
20. In a battle to save the lives of all people, the victory will come after a disaster test of the Chinese nation.
在一场拯救全民生命的战斗中, 胜利终将属于历经灾难考验的中华民族。

　　你校与加拿大的Windson学校师生以“中学生如何在灾难中保护自己”为主题, 开展探讨月活动, 请你以该主题在会议上发表演讲。
注意:1. 词数80左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
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【参考范文】
Protect Ourselves From The Disaster
Misfortune and fortune always accompany one another, just like thunder accompanying lightning. Much less as misfortune occurs than fortune, not until it breaks out suddenly can we realize it. Here are some suggestions provided for you.
First of all, you had better watch TV and search the information from the Internet or the other ways, which could give you very full knowledge about how to protect yourself from the native disaster.
Second, you should think carefully and decide to buy something for yourself, which will be helpful when you are in danger.
Third, after you have learned some knowledge about how to protect yourself, you should try to practice, because, as we know, actions speak louder than words.
Last but not least, when you practice very proficiently, you could help your family to learn something about it.
Only in this way can you learn how to protect yourself from the native disaster!

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