2021版高三英语人教版一轮复习讲义：选修八Unit1　Alandofdiversity

Unit 1　A land of diversity阅读词汇1.strait n.　　　　　海峡2.Arctic adj.  北极的;北极区的3.the Arctic 北极4.ministry n.  (政府的)部;(全体)牧师;牧师的职责5.federal adj. 联邦制的;联邦政府的6.nephew n. 侄子;外甥7.aircraft n.  飞行器;航空器;飞机8.vice n.& adj. 代理;副职9.shave vt.& vi.   刮;剃10.tram n. (有轨)电车11.bakery n.   面包房;面包厂12.ferry n. 渡船;渡口vt. 摆渡;渡运13.seagull n.  海鸥14.cattle n.   牛(总称)15.mourn vt.& vi.  哀悼;悼念;表示悲痛16.authority n. 权威;权力(pl.) 当局;官方识记词汇1.distinct adj.　　　清晰的;明显的;明确的2.distinction n. 差别;区分;卓著3.immigrant n. (从外国移入的)移民4.immigrate vi. 移入(外国定居)5.immigration n. 移民;移居入境6.means n. 手段;方法7.majority n. 大多数;大半8.despite prep. 尽管;不管9.hardship n. 苦难;困苦10.elect vt. 选择;决定做某事;选举某人11.boom n. (人口、贸易的)繁荣vi. 处于经济迅速发展时期12.racial adj. 人种的;种族的识记词汇13.crossing n.　　　横渡;横越;十字路口;人行横道14.rail n. 铁路;扶手;(护栏的)横条15.percentage n. 百分比;百分率16.pole n. 地极;电极;磁极17.applicant n. 申请人18.customs n. 海关;关税;进口税19.socialist n. 社会主义者;社会党人adj. 社会主义者的20.socialism n. 社会主义21.occur vi. 发生;出现22.indicate vt. 指出;标示;表明;暗示23.luggage n. 行李(<美>baggage)24.apparent adj. 显而易见的;显然的;表面上的25.apparently adv. 显然地;显而易见地26.brake n. 闸;刹车;制动器vi.& vt. 刹(车);用制动器减速27.conductor n. (公车)售票员;列车员;(乐队)指挥28.slip vi. 滑动;滑行;滑跤n. 滑动;滑倒29.hire vt.& n. 租用;雇用30.fascinating adj. 迷人的;吸引人的31.nowhere adv. 无处;到处都无32.punishment n.  处罚;惩罚33.justice n. 正义;公平34.civil adj. 公民的;国内的;民间的35.reform vt.& vi. 改革;革新n. 改革;改造;改良36.grasp vt.& n. 抓住;抓紧;掌握;领会37.thoughtful adj. 关切的;体贴的;深思的38.insert vt. 插入;嵌入39.thankful adj. 感激的;感谢的拓展词汇1.distinct adj.清晰的;明显的;明确的→distinction n.差别;区分;卓著2.immigrate vi.移入(外国定居)→immigrant n.(从外国移入的)移民→immigration n.移民;移居入境3.means n.手段;方法→mean v.意思是;意味着adj.吝啬的;卑鄙的→meaning n.意思4.majority n.大多数;大半→major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n.专业→minority n.少数5.elect vt.选择;决定做某事;选举某人→election n.选举6.conductor n.(公车)售票员;列车员;(乐队)指挥→conduct v.管理7.punishment n.处罚;惩罚→punish v.处罚;惩罚8.crossing n.横渡;横越;十字路口;人行横道→cross n.十字;交叉 adj.交叉的;生气的 v.使交叉;横过→across prep.在……的对面(过);朝;向9.applicant n.申请人→apply vi.申请→application n.申请书;申请10.customs n.海关;关税;进口税 →customer n.顾客11.socialist n.社会主义者;社会党人 adj.社会主义者的→society n.社会→social adj.社会的→socialism n.社会主义12.indicate vt.指出;标示;表明;暗示→indication n.迹象;标示→indicator n.指示器;指示信号拓展词汇13.apparent adj.显而易见的;显然的;表面上的→apparently adv.显然地;显而易见地短语记忆1.take in　　　　包括;吸收;领会2.team up with 与……合作或一起工作3.make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等4.by means of... 用……办法;借助……5.keep up 维持;坚持;沿袭(风俗、传统等)6.live on 继续存在;继续生存7.back to back 背靠背8.mark out 用线画出范围;标出……界线9.apply for 申请;请示得到10.a great/good many 许多;很多句型整理1.That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.这就是今天超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。2.It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups,but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.人们认为,要不了多久,多种国籍的混合将会非常之大,以至于不可能存在一种明显主要的种族或文化群体,而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。重点语法Revise Noun Clauses(as the Subject,Object and Predicative)[复习名词性从句(作主语、宾语和表语)]1.means n.[C]方法;手段(单复数同形)归纳拓展①by means of... 用……办法;借助……②by all means 当然可以;一定;务必;尽一切办法③by this means 通过这种方式④by any means 无论如何⑤by no means 决不;一点都不(位于句首,句子需用部分倒装)完成句子①By the time these “solutions”(解决方案) become widely available,scammers will have moved onto cleverer means (将会转向更聪明的方法).(2019北京,阅读理解C)②By all means try the jacket on(当然可以试一下这件夹克衫),but I think it will be too big for you.③比赛是否会举行完全不能肯定。It is by no means certain that the game will take place.词语辨析:means表示“方法、手段、工具”,常与介词by搭配。method指做某事的具体步骤或程序,也指系统的、抽象的原理,常与介词of搭配。way是最通用的词,本意是“通路”,引申作“方式、方法”讲,含义很广。常与介词in搭配。approach也有“方法、步骤、途径”的意思。它侧重指待人接物或思考问题的方式,常与介词to搭配。选词填空(means/method/way/approach)①I like her approach to the problem.我喜欢她解决这个问题的方法。②All possible means have been tried.所有可行的方法都试过了。③Mr.Su adopted a new method of teaching.苏老师采用了一种新的教学方法。④Animals communicate in various ways.动物用各种不同的方式交流。 means用作“方式,方法”讲时,单复数同形。若all∕some∕several∕many means作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。若every∕each∕one∕a means作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。2.majority n.大多数;大半归纳拓展①the majority of...大多数的……②by a majority of+数字 以……的多数票③be in a∕the majority占多数;过半数④major in 主修完成句子①他们中的大多数在开始课程之前,要参加网上语言测试。The majority of them take an online language test before starting their programme.②这次会议年轻人占了多数。Young people were in the majority at the meeting.③事实上,他激励了我去主修英语并成为连接中国与世界的桥梁。In fact,he inspires me to major in English in college,to be a bridge between China and the World.①当a∕the majority of作主语时,谓语动词的数与of后的名词保持一致。②当the majority单独作主语时,谓语动词用单复数都可以。3.occur vi.发生;出现归纳拓展①It occurs to sb.to do sth.某人想起做某事②sth. occurs to sb.某人突然想起某事③It occurs to∕strikes∕hits sb.that-clause某人突然想起……完成句子①In a world that warms up by 3℃,it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur(将会发生多层次海洋颜色的变化).(2019北京,阅读理解D)②我突然想去探望父母。It occurred to me to visit my parents.③他突然想到他把钥匙忘在办公室里了。It suddenly occurred to him that he had left his keys in the office.一句多译:完成句子②的其他表达方式④It struck∕hit me that I should visit my parents.⑤It occurred to me that I should visit my parents.①表示“发生”之意时,occur与happen可以互换;另外occur,happen,take place,break out等表示“发生;爆发”的单词或短语都不能用于被动语态或进行时态。②occur结构中主语不能是人,而是想到的事情或it。1.take in包括;吸收;理解;欺骗;收留归纳拓展①take apart拆开;剖析②take on 呈现;开始雇用③take up 占去,占据;开始从事④take away 拿走;消除(病痛等)⑤take down 记下来;拆掉⑥take over接管,接替⑦take...into account∕consideration把……考虑在内⑧take...for granted认为……是理所当然用take的相关短语填空①睡前你摄入的脂肪越多,晚上你的身体的负担就越重。The more fat you take in before bedtime,the greater burden you will put on your body at night.②一些昆虫呈现出它们周围环境的颜色,目的是保护自己。Some insects take on the color of their surroundings to protect themselves.③彼得将在下个月底开始担任旅行社负责人的职务。Peter will take up his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.2.a great∕good many 许多;很多归纳拓展①②③④完成句子①很多学生都喜欢音乐和体育活动。A great∕good many students like music and sports.②似乎他们中的许多人现在失业了。It seems that a great∕good many of them are out of work now.3.team up with与……合作或一起工作归纳拓展①catch up with赶上②put up with忍受③end up with...以……结束④come up with想出⑤keep up with跟上,不落下⑥be fed up with厌倦,厌烦用以上词组填空①你为什么不和海伦合作做下一部分呢?Why don’t you team up with Helen for the next part?②他的一个朋友停了下来修理自行车,但他们鼓励麦克要继续骑行,他们马上会赶上他的。One of his friends had stopped to make a bicycle repair, but they had encouraged Mac to carry on, and they would catch up with him soon.(2017年6月浙江,读后续写)③我再也不能忍受如此热的天气了。I cannot put up with such hot weather any longer.1.That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.这就是今天超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。归纳拓展①That∕This is∕was why...那∕这就是为什么……(why从句表示结果)②That∕This is∕was because...那∕这是因为……(because从句表示原因)③The reason why...is∕was that...……的原因是……(表语从句常用that引导,而不用because)完成句子①小汤姆没有完成作业,那就是他受批评的原因。Little Tom didn’t finish his homework and that was why he was criticized.②汤姆开会迟到了。那是因为他病了。Tom came late for the meeting.That was because he was ill.③学生们喜欢第一个的原因是他们无论去哪儿都可以随身携带(它)。The reason why the students favor the first one is that they can carry it with them wherever they go.2.It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups,but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.人们认为,要不了多久,多种国籍的混合将会非常之大,以至于不可能存在一种明显主要的种族或文化群体,而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。It is believed that...人们认为……。在该句型中,it是形式主语,that引导主语从句。归纳拓展It’s said that...据说……It’s reported that...据报道……It’s hoped that...大家希望……It’s well-known that...众所周知……It’s thought that...大家认为……It’s suggested that...据建议……完成句子①人们普遍认为信息技术既有优点又有缺点。It is generally believed that IT has both advantages and disadvantages.②人们希望医疗费能够降低。It is hoped that the cost of medical care can be cut down.