2021高三统考北师大版英语一轮（经典版）学案：第一编Book2Unit6Design


Unit 6　Design


1．The so­called art and design is, in_the_form_of art, aesthetic integration of social, cultural, economic, market, science and technology and many other factors, reproduced in our lives related to the design of precision, so_that_it_not_only has the aesthetic function, but_also has the use function.
所谓的艺术设计，就是将艺术的形式、美感结合社会、文化、经济、市场、科技等诸多方面因素，再现于和我们生活紧密相关的设计中，使之不但具有审美功能，还具有使用功能。
2．Art comes from life, and in_turn,_it serves life.
艺术来源于生活，反过来又服务于生活。
3．No doubt that arts come from life. The bright colors of red, green and light blue paper cuts provide a merry atmosphere.
无疑艺术来源于生活，红色、绿色以及浅蓝色的剪纸创造出一个美好的意境。
4．I have often thought that people_who_say_“design_is_not_art” have no idea what design is.
我经常想，那些说“设计不是艺术”的人根本不知道什么是设计。
自主排查 夯基固本

Ⅰ　核心单词
(1)straight (adj.) 直的 (adv.) 直，直接→straighten (vt.) 变直→straightforward (adj.) 直截了当的，坦率的
(2)imagination (n.) 想象力，想象→imagine (vt.) 想象→imaginary (adj.) 想象中的，幻想的→imaginative (adj.) 富有想象力的，创新的
(3)pain (n.) 痛苦，痛，疼→pained (adj.) 显出痛苦的→painful (adj.) 痛苦的，令人烦恼的→painfully (adv.) 痛苦地；恼人地
(4)poetry (n.) (总称)诗→poet (n.) 诗人→poem (n.) 诗
(5)creature (n.) 动物；(有特性或特质的)人→create (vt.) 创造，发明→creation (n.) 创造，建立→creative (adj.) 创造的，有创造力的→creatively (adv.) 创造性地→creativity (n.) 创造力
(6)valuable (adj.) 贵重的，有价值的→value (n.& vt.) 价值；评价，重视→valueless (adj.) 无价的，没用的
(7)typical (adj.) 典型的→typically (adv.) 代表性地，典型地→type (n.) 类型，典型
(8)ruin (vt.) 毁坏，毁灭→ruined (adj.) 毁灭的；荒废的→ruinous (adj.) 破坏的，招致毁坏的
(9)religious (adj.) 宗教的，虔诚的→religiously (adv.) 笃信地；虔敬地→religiousness (n.) 虔诚，笃信→religion (n.) 宗教，教派
(10)purpose (n.) 目的，意图→purposeful (adj.) 有目的的，意味深长的→purposefully (adv.) 有目的地，有决心地→purposeless (adj.) 无目的的
(11)happiness (n.) 幸福，快乐→happy (adj.) 快乐的，高兴的→happily (adv.) 高兴地，快乐地
(12)rent (n.) 租金
(13)mercy (n.) 慈悲，宽恕，同情心→merciful (adj.) 仁慈的，宽大的
(14)bathe (vi.) 洗澡，淋浴→bath (n.) 洗澡
(15)narrow (adj.) 狭窄的→narrowly (adv.) 狭窄地；严密地；勉强地
(16)garage (n.) 车库
(17)garbage (n.) 垃圾，废物
(18)downtown (adv.& adj.) 在市区，往市区；市区的
(19)conclusion (n.) 结论，结束→conclude (vt.) 结束，推断→conclusive (adj.) 决定性的，最后的→conclusively (adv.) 决定性地，确定地
Ⅱ　阅读单词
(1)abstract (adj.) 抽象的，深奥的→abstraction (n.) 抽象，抽象概念
(2)painter (n.) 画家，油漆匠→paint (n.& vt.) 油漆；绘画→painting (n.) 画，油画
(3)missile (n.) 导弹
(4)shade (n.) 阴影，(色彩的)浓淡→shadeless (adj.) 没有阴影的→shadow (n.) 阴影
(5)artist (n.) 画家，艺术家→art (n.) 艺术，绘画
(6)cloth (n.) 布料，布→clothes (n.) 衣服→clothing (n.) (总称)衣服，服装
(7)shallow (adj.) 浅的→shallowness (n.) 浅，肤浅→shallows (n.) 浅水，浅滩→deep (adj.) (反义词)深的
(8)angel (n.) 天使→angelic (adj.) 天使般的，似天使的
(9)fairytale (n.) 童话 (adj.) 童话似的；童话中才有的
(10)dynasty (n.) 朝代，王朝→dynastic (adj.) 朝代的，王朝的
(11)cottage (n.) 村舍，小屋→cottager (n.) 住乡间小屋的人；农场雇工；住别墅的人
(12)basement (n.) 地下室
(13)curtain (n.) 窗帘

　[单句语法填空]
1.She had plastic surgery on her nose to make it ________ (straight).
答案：straighter
2．Those ________ (poetry) which had seemed dull and boring suddenly came to life.
答案：poems
3．The old lady is such a dear ________ (create). We all like her very much.
答案：creature
4．It does not take much ________ (imagine) to guess what he meant.
答案：imagination
5．My new shoes bought a week ago got ________ (ruin) in the mud.
答案：ruined
6．The book provides ________ (value) information on recent trends.
答案：valuable
7．They were lost at the sea, ________ the mercy of the wind and weather.
答案：at
8．One car ________ (narrow) missed hitting the other one.
答案：narrowly
9．Abortion is forbidden in some Asian countries due to ________ (religion) reasons.
答案：religious
10．New evidence might lead to the ________ (conclude) that we are wrong.
答案：conclusion
联想积累
1．v.＋­able构成的形容词
①reliable 可依靠的
②drinkable 可饮用的
③eatable 可食用的
④washable 耐洗的，可洗的
⑤readable 可读的
⑥movable 可移动的
⑦adaptable 能适应的
⑧adjustable 可调节的
⑨avoidable 可避免的
⑩acceptable 可接受的
⑪agreeable 惬意的，适合的
⑫commendable 值得赞美的，可钦佩的
⑬considerable 相当多(或大、重要等)的
⑭repairable 可修理的
⑮suitable 适当的，相配的
⑯enjoyable 使人快乐的
2．n.＋­able构成的形容词
①valuable 有价值的
②reasonable 有道理的
③comfortable 舒适的
④knowledgeable 有见识的，博学的
⑤fashionable 时髦的，流行的
⑥charitable 仁爱的；慈善的
⑦remarkable 不平常的，显著的
⑧desirable 值得拥有的，值得做的

1．show an interest in sth.　对……显示出兴趣
2．fix one's eyes on 注视，凝视
3．be deep in thought 深思
4．so far 到目前为止
5．sort of 有几分地
6．be located in/on 坐落在/位于……
7．be related to 与……有关
8．date back (to) 追溯(到)，始于
9．put_up 张贴
10．add that ... 接着说/补充说……
11．try_out 试用，试验
12．dream_of 梦到，梦想
13．hold_one's_breath 屏住呼吸
14．be_determined_to 决定
15．be_home_to 是……的聚集地/故乡/发源地
16．be_used_as 被用作
　[选词填空]
try out, be deep in thought, so far, sort of, be related to, date back to, add that ... , dream of, hold one's breath, be home to
1.Europe ________ a variety of cultural treasures.
答案：is home to
2．We ________ and fixed our eyes on his every action.
答案：held our breath
3．He said he wanted to picture a new plan, and then he ________.
答案：was deep in thought
4．This is a lonely road, and we have not met another car ________.
答案：so far
5．They ________ a new presenter for the show now.
答案：are trying out
6．It is proved that they ________ that accident.
答案：are related to
7．He ________ pretends that he does not really care.
答案：sort of
8．The college ________ medieval times is still appealing to excellent high school students.
答案：dating back to
9．Scientists now have achieved what no one could ________ years ago.
答案：have dreamed of
10．She thanked him, ________ she would learn from him.
答案：adding that
联想积累
1．动词＋up构成的短语
①put up 举起，建起，张贴
②burn up 烧尽
③finish up 结果成为；以……终结
④use up 用完
⑤dry up 干涸
⑥drink up 喝完
⑦end up 结束，告终
⑧get up 起床
⑨cut up 切碎
⑩divide up 分配；分割
⑪break up 分解，破裂
⑫speak up 大声点说
⑬bring up 抚养
⑭speed up 加快速度
⑮turn up 出现，调大音量
⑯grow up 长大成人
⑰warm up 加热
⑱build up 逐步建立
⑲walk up 走近
⑳catch up 赶上
hurry up 赶快
eat up 吃光
send up 发射
pick up 拾起
hold up 举起
take up 拿起
lift up 抬起
add up 加起来
gather up 收集，收拢
light up 点燃
ring up 打电话
wake up 唤醒
pile up 堆积
联想积累
fill up 填满
mix up 弄混
line up 排队
clear up 天气放晴，整理，消除
dream up 虚构，空想出
2．动词＋of构成的短语
①dream of 梦见，渴望
②approve of 赞成，赞许
③assure ... of 向……保证；使……确信
④complain of 抱怨，诉苦
⑤consist of 由……组成；包括
⑥convince ... of 说服，使某人相信
⑦cure ... of 把……治好；矫正
⑧accuse ... of 控告……，指责……
⑨despair of 对……感到失望；绝望
⑩suspect ... of 怀疑……
⑪think of 考虑；想起
⑫warn ... of sth. 发出关于……的警告
⑬rid ... of ... 使……摆脱……
⑭cheat sb. of sth. 欺骗某人某物
⑮remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某物
⑯inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事
⑰rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人的某物


课文原句
句式梳理
仿写训练
1.Qi Baishi's style of painting often leaves the audience guessing and makes them use their imagination.
齐白石的绘画风格常常让观众猜测，使他们运用想象力。(P36)
leave sb. doing sth. 和make sb. do sth.使某人做某事，前者现在分词作补语，后者省略to的不定式作补语
①The teacher sat there quietly, ________________________ what he said.
老师静静地坐在那儿，让学生考虑他所说的话。
②He often __________________ an article after supper.
晚饭后他常让我背一篇文章。
2.Our house would be white with trees around it, a great big yard and grass growing without a fence.
我们的房子将是白色的， 周围有树木， 一个很大的庭院种着草且周围没有围栏。(P42)
with＋n.＋介
词短语/v.­ing，
本结构是介词with＋复合结构。名词后的介词短语或分词短语是名词的补语
My friend took me to a yard, with many flowers and grasses ________ in it, a big dog ________ a big tree.
我朋友将我带到一个院子里，院子里种着很多的花草，还有一只大狗拴在一棵大树上。

答案：1.①leaving his students thinking about　②makes me recite　2.growing; tied to
直击重点 突破考点

①　straight adj. 直的　adv. 直，直接(P35)

(1)单句语法填空
She asked him straight ________ what he thought about it all.
答案：out
(2)单句写作
I ______________ yesterday and ______________ without taking off any clothes.
我昨天太累了， 没脱衣服就直接上床睡觉了。
答案：was so tired; went straight to bed
(3)单句改错
A straight road goes straightly from one place to another.
______________________________________________________________
答案：straightly→straight

a straight face 严肃的脸
straight away 立即，马上
straight out 直率地
straight answer 坦诚的回答
get sth. straight 把某事弄清楚
go straight 改过自新；直走
②　imagination n. 想象，想象力(P35)

(1)单句语法填空
①She lived entirely by spiritual values, in a world of poetry and ________ (imagine)．
②He has a ________ (imagine) power and creativeness, which is the key to a successful person.
答案：①imagination　②imaginative
(2)单句写作
You are stronger than I would ________________.
你比我想象中的还要坚强。
答案：have ever imagined

(1)lack imagination 缺乏想象力
develop imagination 培养想象力
beyond imagination 无法想象
(2)imagine vt. 想象，设想，遐想
(3)imaginative adj. 富有想象力的；创新的
③　pain n. 痛苦；疼，痛(P35)

(1)单句语法填空
①She is taking great ________ (pain) to learn English and math.
②Many people think that it was a ________ (pain) and unpopular decision.
答案：①pains　②painful
(2)单句改错
The old man felt cute pain in his knee.
______________________________________________________________
答案：felt后加a

(1)(be) in pain 疼痛，在苦恼中
have a pain in the leg/back etc. 腿/背等疼
(2)spare no pain (to do sth.) 不遗余力，全力以赴(做某事)
take pains (to do sth.) 尽力，费事，下功夫(做某事)
(3)painful adj. 疼痛的；痛苦的
(4)painfully adv. 痛苦地；恼人地；费力地

pain指精神上的痛苦时为不可数名词；指肉体上的疼痛时，常用a pain表示；指“辛苦，刻苦，努力”时，要用复数形式。
④　valuable adj. 贵重的，有价值的(P36)

(1)单句语法填空
①Their most ________ (value) belongings were locked in a safe in the bedroom.
②The essay will be ________ (value) unless you rewrite the conclusion.
答案：①valuable　②valueless
(2)单句写作
Muriel ______________________________________ our company's success.
缪里尔为我们公司的成功做出了宝贵的贡献。
答案：has made a valuable contribution to

(1)be valuable to sb. 对某人有用处
(2)value n．& vt. 价值，贵重；珍视
(3)valueless adj. 无价值的，没有用的

value意为“价值观”时，常以复数形式出现。
⑤　typical adj. 典型的，有代表性的，特有的(P36)

(1)单句语法填空
①His father was a ________ (type) family man of his time.
②________ (typical), he is the kind of person who only works and does not see the direction.
答案：①typical　②Typically
(2)单句写作
It ________________ him to do such a thing.
这种事只有他能干出来。
答案：is/was typical of

(1)It is/was typical of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事是很典型的/是某人的特点
typical example 典型的例子
(2)type n. 类型，典型
a type of 一类……；一种……
(3)typically adv. 典型地，代表性地
⑥　ruin vt. 毁坏，毁灭　n. 毁坏，废墟(P38)

(1)单句语法填空
①He had let the farm go ________ ruin.
②He helped scientists to discover Maya Indian ________ (ruin) in Mexico.
答案：①to　②ruins
(2)单句写作
The castle was ____________ for 200 years until it was rebuilt in 1932.
这座城堡荒废了近200年，直到1932年才被重新修建。
答案：in ruins

ruin one's image 毁坏了某人的形象
in ruins 严重受损，破败不堪
be the ruin of sb. 毁了某人
go to ruin/fall into ruin 衰落，败落

ruin表示“毁坏”时，常指天灾人祸导致的无法修复的毁坏，也可指希望、计划、愿望或理想的毁灭。
⑦　purpose n. 目的，意图(P40)

(1)单句语法填空
①I think the window was broken ________ purpose by someone.
②Did you come to London ________ the purpose of seeing your family or on business?
答案：①on　②with
(2)单句改错
I came early on purpose to speaking to you before the meeting.
______________________________________________________________
答案：speaking→speak

with the purpose of ... 为了……目的
on purpose＝by design 故意地
achieve/accomplish/fulfill a purpose 达到目的
⑧　mercy n. 慈悲，怜悯，同情心(P42)

(1)单句语法填空
①The mouse caught just now was ________ the mercy of the cat.
②________ of mercy, I gave him a pack of milk and a bag of biscuits.
答案：①at　②Out
(2)单句写作
It's ____________ she wasn't seriously hurt.
幸运的是她伤得不严重。
答案：a mercy

at the mercy of 任……摆布，在……前毫无办法
without mercy 无情地
show mercy to sb. 怜悯某人
beg the mercy of 恳求得到……的宽恕
out of mercy 出于仁慈
⑨　narrow adj. 狭窄的　vi. 变窄(P42)

(1)单句语法填空
①He had ________ narrow escape; the bullet came within centimeters of his head.
②The wide track ________ (narrow) before crossing another stream.
答案：①a　②narrows
(2)单句改错
The teacher took his illness into account, so she made him narrow pass the exam.
______________________________________________________________
答案：narrow→narrowly

(1)narrow escape 幸免于难，九死一生
narrow space 狭窄的空间
(2)narrowly adv. 勉强地；狭獈地
⑩　conclusion n. 结论，结束(P44)

(1)单句语法填空
①He spent much time collecting facts and chewing them over before coming to ________ conclusion.
②The foregoing considerations may ________ (conclude) in a few words.
答案：①a　②be concluded
(2)单句写作
From what is said above, we can ________________.
由上面所说的， 我们可以得出一个结论。
答案：draw a conclusion

(1)come to/draw/arrive at/reach a conclusion 得出结论
make a conclusion 下结论
in conclusion 最后，总之，综上所述
(2)conclude vt. 断定，推断出
conclude sth. from 从……中得出某物
conclude ... with 以……结束，在……中结束
(3)conclusive adj. 结论性的；确凿的

①　fix one's eyes on 注视，凝视(P36)

(1)单句语法填空
①It seemed as if he ________ (fix) his eyes on the blackboard in class, but in fact he was thinking of something else.
②She sat there, with her eyes ________ (fix) on the map on the wall.
答案：①was fixing　②fixed
(2)单句改错
My grandpa would sit in the yard after supper, with his eyes fixing into the sky.
______________________________________________________________
答案：fixing→fixed

fix one's attention on/upon 集中注意力于
fix sb. with a look/stare/gaze 定睛凝视某人
fix a date for the meeting 确定开会日期
②　sort of 有几分，可以说(P39)

(1)单句语法填空
①It's two months since my son left home. So I sort ________ miss him now.
②We need to sort ________ our camping gear before we go away.
答案：①of　②out
(2)单句写作
I'm not sure why, but I feel ________________ him.
不知为什么，我有点儿为他惋惜。
答案：sort of sorry for

sort out 整理，理顺；把……安排好
sort through 翻查，归整
sort ... into ... 把……归入……
③　be related to 与……有关(P40)

(1)单句语法填空
①His injuries ________ (relate) to his carelessness in driving.
②All the people present believed that these two events ________ (relate) to each other.
答案：①were/are related　②were related
(2)单句写作
These five colors turn out to __________________ our daily life.
这五种颜色结果证明与我们的日常生活密切相关。
答案：be closely related to

(1)relate ... to ... 把……和……联系在一起
relate sth. to sb. 向某人叙述/讲述某事
relate to sb./sth. 涉及某人/某物
(2)related adj. 相关的；有(亲属)关系的
(3)relation n. 关系
in relation to 关于；与……相比
④　date back (to) 追溯(到)，始于(P40)

(1)单句语法填空
①This custom ________ (date) back to the Tang Dynasty.
②The old building ________ (date) back to the 15th century is used as a reading room now.
答案：①dates　②dating
(2)单句写作
My family has a vase, which is said ______________ the Ming Dynasty.
我家有个花瓶，据说是从明代传下来的。
答案：to date back to

date from 始于，追溯到
fix/set a date for 对……确定一个日期
to date 迄今，到目前为止
out of date 过时的；废弃的
up to date 最新式的

date back to/date from一般不用于被动语态和进行时态中。
⑤　add that ... 接着说/补充说……(P40)

(1)单句语法填空
①She ________ (add) that the concept of arranged marriage is misunderstood in the West.
②The visiting guests said the stay here was quite nice, ________ (add) that he would come again some day.
答案：①added　②adding
(2)单句写作
He gave some suggestions to us, ________________ we would succeed.
他给我们提出几条建议， 接着又说我们一定会成功的。
答案：adding that

add up 把……加起来
add up to 加起来达到……
add to 使(数量)增加，使(规模)扩大
add ... to ... 将……加到……中
⑥　try out 试验，试用(P40)

(1)单句语法填空
①Be sure to try ________ the computer before you buy it.
②She enjoys ________ (try) out new ways of doing things.
答案：①out　②trying
(2)单句写作
She's ____________________ the school play.
她正在参加学校戏剧演员甄选。
答案：trying out for

try on 试穿
try one's best 尽最大努力
try one's fortune 碰运气
try out for 参加选拔
⑦　hold one's breath 屏住呼吸(P42)

(1)单句语法填空
①When the magnificent building came into sight, the tourists all ________ (hold) their breath.
②All of us reached the top of the mountain, ________ (breath) the cold and fresh air.
答案：①held　②breathing
(2)单句写作
The audience ________________ as Philippe Petit walked along the tightrope.
菲利普·佩蒂特走绷紧的钢丝时，观众都屏住了呼吸。
答案：held their breath

catch one's breath 喘气，倒吸一口气
one's last breath 临终
out of breath 喘不过气
take sb.'s breath away 令人惊叹，让人叹绝
⑧　do some quiet reading 默读(P44)

(1)单句语法填空
①When I entered the reading room, he ________ (do) some quiet reading there.
②Doing some ________ (read) in the spare time can add to our knowledge.
答案：①was doing　②reading
(2)单句写作
I would like ________________ rather than go out for a walk after supper.
晚饭后我喜欢看看书，而不喜欢外出散步。
答案：to do some reading

do some walking 散步
do some sewing 做些针线活
do some cleaning 卫生大扫除
do some washing 洗洗衣服
do some writing 练练字
do some shopping 购物
go shopping 去购物
go hiking 去徒步旅行
go running 长跑
go swimming 去游泳
go skating 去溜冰
go boating 去划船
⑨　be determined to do sth. 决定做某事(P47)

(1)单句语法填空
①Li Bin ________ (determine) to become a doctor and her persistence paid off.
②________ (determine) to take up a new job, he has to pick up another skill in the school.
答案：①was determined　②Determined
(2)单句写作
He ________________ in Beijing for a flight to Shanghai.
他决定在北京转乘飞往上海的班机。
答案：determined to transfer

determine to do sth. 决定做某事
It is/was determined that ... 已确定……
determine sth. 查明、测定、确定某事

①　[教材原句]Paper­cutting is something that he learned to do from an early age.
剪纸是他从小就学会做的事情。(P40)

(1)单句语法填空
①She claimed the man had entrapped her into doing something ________ she would not have done otherwise.
②Sometimes, something ________ is considered to be negative turns out to be an advantage on the job.
答案：①(that)　②that
(2)单句改错
Is there anything which I can do for you?
______________________________________________________________
答案：which→that或去掉which

不定代词＋that引导的定语从句

定语从句修饰不定代词something/anything/nothing时，关系代词用that，不能用which；当that在从句中作主语时，不能省略；作宾语时，可省略。
②　[教材原句]I was going to meet him again so that he could help me make my first paper cut!
我想再次见到他， 这样他就可以帮我完成我的第一张剪纸了！(P40)

(1)单句语法填空
①You'd better leave your phone number ________ I can call you before I come next time.
②Send me a letter as soon as you arrive ________ I won't worry.
答案：①so that　②so that
(2)单句写作
I'll give you all the facts ______________________ for yourself.
我把所有事实都告诉你，这样你就能自己作出判断。
答案：so that you can judge

so that引导目的状语从句

so that引导从句时，从句既可作目的状语，也可作结果状语。其标志是：作目的状语时，从句中有情态动词can, may, could, would, will等；而作结果状语时，没有情态动词。
③　[教材原句]Of all the festivals that we Chinese people celebrate, my favourite is the Mid­Autumn Festival.
在我们中国人所庆贺的所有节日中，我最喜欢的是中秋节。(P41)

(1)单句语法填空
①Of all the stars, the sun is ________ (close) to us.
②Of all the students, I have ________ (little) money in my class.
答案：①the closest　②the least
(2)单句写作
________________ of Xu Beihong's, Racing Horse is ______________.
在徐悲鸿所有的作品中，《奔马图》是我的最爱。
答案：Of all the works; my favorite

“of all the＋名词复数”常用于含有形容词或副词最高级的句子中，若句中没有形容词或副词的最高级时，也可用favorite “最喜欢的”、prefer “更喜欢”来表达。
④　[教材原句]Besides the temple, visitors can enjoy the grounds outside, where there are more than 1,000 stones tablets and over 100,000 tombs.
除了寺庙外， 游客还可以欣赏外面的庭院， 那里有1,000多块石碑和100,000多座坟墓。(P46)

(1)单句语法填空
①I went to Xishuangbanna last week, ________ I met a friend from Beijing.
②They want to go to the beautiful coastal city of Qingdao, ________ they are going to spend their summer vacation.
答案：①where　②where
(2)单句写作
The room was filled with a joyous atmosphere, ________________________ very much.
房间里洋溢着快乐的气氛， 他们玩得很开心。
答案：where they enjoyed themselves

where引导非限制性定语从句，既可修饰表示具体的地点的名词，也可以修饰表示抽象的地点的名词。

where引导非限制性定语从句时，也可以用“介词＋which”结构替代。但若先行词前有介词时，为了避免重复，定语从句不再用“介词＋which”引导，而用where。
⑤　[教材原句]Surrounded by fields, mountains and rivers, the Old Tower of Lijiang looks like a jade ink stone in spring and summer.
丽江的古塔在田野和山川河流的环绕下， 春夏两季看起来就像墨绿色的宝石。(P46)

(1)单句语法填空
①________ (surround) by several students, the teacher is explaining some problems to them.
②________ (ask) several times, he still said nothing about that matter.
答案：①Surrounded　②Asked
(2)单句改错
Giving more attention, the accident could have been avoided.
______________________________________________________________
答案：Giving→Given

动词的过去分词作状语，可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步等。
课文回练 升华运用
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Xu Beihong, who developed the tradition of combining poetry with painting, was a famous __1__ (paint). __2__ (promote) Chinese art, he held several exhibitions in Asia and Europe. From his painting Racing Horse, we can see a horse __3__ (run) at high speed like a missile across the sky.
Qi Baishi, one of China's greatest painters, __4__ (work) with wood during his early youth. Travelling across the country between 1902 and 1909，he painted __5__ large number of pictures of scenery. He was good at painting vegetables, flowers, birds, __6__ insects.
Chen Yifei's soft portraits of beautiful women are of great value. The painting, __7__ name is Poppy, is a __8__ (type) example of his style. The picture __9__ (show) a woman who is sitting alone and is deep in __10__ (think)．
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9．________　10.________
答案：1.painter　2.To promote　3.running　4.worked　5.a　6.and　7.whose　8.typical　9.shows　10.thought
基础达标 自主训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．________ (see) from this aspect, the matter isn't as serious as people generally suppose.
答案：Seen　句意：如果从这个角度看， 问题并不像人们通常认为的那样严重。根据句意可知，matter与see之间存在被动关系， 故用过去分词作状语。
2．I only saw her once ________ my stay in Jinan.
答案：during　句意：我在济南期间仅见过她一次。表示“在……期间”用during。
3．The dog squeezed ________ the gate and ran up to the road.
答案：under　句意：狗从门底下钻出去，跑向大路上去了。表示“从……下”应该用under。
4．________ two hours his car stopped working, so he started walking.
答案：After　after＋一段时间，表示“在……之后”常用于一般过去时的句子中。
5．The man ________ is talking with our English teacher has just come from Japan.
答案：who　根据句子结构可知，此处用who引导定语从句，修饰man，且who在从句中作主语。
6．Mr Liu is the person ________ you talked about at the school gate.
答案：whom　talk about sb. 谈论某人。关系代词whom引导定语从句，且在从句中作介词about的宾语。
7．Since the party, she ________ (meet) him only once.
答案：has met　根据句子中的时间状语“Since the party”可知，句子的时态应该用现在完成时。
8．When my name was called, he looked ________ at me.
答案：across　此处表示他从那边向我看过来，应用介词across，表示“从……的一边向另一边”。
9．Among these boys, it is typical ________ Xiao Zhang to be late for school.
答案：of　be typical of sb. to do sth. 是常用句型，意为“做某事是某人的风格”。
10．More and more people are beginning to learn English, ________ is becoming very popular in our country.
答案：which　逗号后为非限制性定语从句，补充说明主句的内容，应由which引导。
Ⅱ.单句写作
1．__________________ (在2018年10月1日), a grand wedding was held for the two lovers.
答案：On October 1, 2018
2．They didn't do it ____________________ (以我们现在做这件事的方式)．
答案：in the way that we do it now
3．Wang Gang told me that he could ________________ for more than two minutes underwater.
王刚对我说他能在水里屏住呼吸两分多钟。
答案：hold his breath
4．______________________________________________________________
这栋“希望小学”教学楼建于2013年。(date back to)
答案：This “Hope Primary School” teaching building dates back to 2013.
5．______________________________________________________________
四川卧龙地区是大熊猫的栖息地，这个地区受到了很好的保护。
答案：Wolong in Sichuan Province, is home to giant pandas, which is well protected.
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019·合肥市高三调研性测试)Classical Chinese garden design aims to create a natural landscape on a small scale and emphasize the perfect harmony between man and nature.
A Chinese garden __1__ (be) like a scroll (卷轴) painting, __2__ (show) a series of carefully composed scenes. New views are revealed as one walks along the pathways. In the gardens, __3__ most frequently meet the eye are winding paths that seemingly lead to nowhere. There, a path seems to end, but all of __4__ sudden, a new world is rolled out before you: pavilions (亭子), rock formations and spring water—all combined to provide a pleasant surprise! At the __5__ (enter) to a Chinese garden, there is usually a huge stone or wall __6__ (use) to screen your view so as to later produce unimaginable delight when you turn around the wall. A Chinese garden may have windows on all __7__ (it) four walls. And it is __8__ (interest) that, through the windows, visitors may see different views from different angles, and thus the composition of the garden becomes enlarged.
A Chinese garden is a place where culture is both created and enjoyed. All plants mark the shift of __9__ (season). Similarly, water, a symbol of the ever­changing, __10__ rocks, a symbol of the eternal (永恒的), create a harmonious balance of nature's yin and yang.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9．________　10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，主要对中国古典园林设计进行了简要的介绍。
1．is　考查主谓一致和动词的时态。本句的主语为“A Chinese garden”，谓语动词应用单数形式，又因为整篇文章用的都是一般现在时，故用is。
2．showing　考查非谓语动词。show和句子的谓语动词之间没有连词连接，且句子的主语“A Chinese garden”和show之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。
3．what　考查名词性从句的连接词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，且在主语从句中作主语，表示物的概念，故应填what。
4．a　考查冠词。all of a sudden＝suddenly，意为“突然”，为固定用法，故用不定冠词a。
5．entrance/entry　考查词性转换。由空前的定冠词the可知，此处应用名词形式，表示“入口”，故用entrance/entry。
6．used　考查非谓语动词。use和句子的谓语is之间没有连词连接，故用非谓语，又因为其逻辑主语“a huge stone or wall”和use之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。
7．its　考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空处在此处作定语，修饰名词walls，故用形容词性物主代词its。
8．interesting　考查词性转换。此处是固定句型：it is＋形容词＋that ...，it作形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。故此处应用interest的形容词形式interesting。
9．seasons　考查名词。season是可数名词，且其前没有限定词，表示泛指，故用其复数形式。
10．and　考查连词。根据语境可知，空处前后为逻辑上的并列关系，故用连词and。
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2019·郑州一中高三摸底测试)I have many friends and Lily is one of the best. We have been playing together before we were young. She is such pretty girl that when people meet him, they always say, “Oh, how lovely！” Lily is also very brave. One evening two weeks ago, my mum sent me to buy some salt or sugar downstair. When I was back on the stairway, I sudden saw a black shadow behind me. I was frightening and cried. On that very moment, Lily came. She rushed to the shadow and shouts loudly until it disappeared. Then we ran to home safely.
答案：
I have many friends and Lily is one of the best. We have been playing together we were young. She is such pretty girl that when people meet ， they always say, “Oh, how lovely！” Lily is also very brave. One evening two weeks ago, my mum sent me to buy some salt sugar . When I was back on the stairway, I saw a black shadow behind me. I was and cried. that very moment, Lily came. She rushed to the shadow and loudly until it disappeared. Then we ran home safely.
难项分析：
第一处：before→since　考查连词。since意为“自从……以来”时，从句和主句的时态不一致，即：从句一般用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。根据语境可知，此处用连词since。
第七处：frightening→frightened　考查形容词。根据句子的主语为I可知，这里应用frightened，形容人，意为“受惊的，害怕的”。而frightening作形容词，一般修饰物，意为“令人害怕的”。
第九处：shouts→shouted　考查动词的时态。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，shout和rush为两个并列的动作，时态应保持一致，因此应用shouted。