2021高三统考北师大版英语一轮（经典版）学案：第二编专题八介词和介词短语

专题八　介词和介词短语 1.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ，63)Modern methods ________ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid－1980s.答案：of/for　a method of/for doing sth. “做某事的方法”。2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ，63)We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ________ dogs, seven to be exact.答案：of　a pack of是固定搭配，意为“一群……”。3．(2019·浙江高考，61)The answer ________ this question is not clear. 答案：to　the answer to ...  “……的答案”。4．(2018·北京高考，14)—Good morning, Mr Lee's office.—Good morning. I'd like to make an appointment ________ next Wednesday afternoon.答案：for　make an appointment for “……时间的预约”。5．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ，62)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and ________ work.答案：from　to and from work “上下班”。6．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ，68)After school she plans to take a year off to model full­time before going to university to get a degree ________ engineering or architecture.答案：in　get a degree in ...  “获得……学位”。7．(2017·天津高考，12)When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be ________ trees that are over 1,000 years old.答案：among　句意：当你驾车穿越加利福尼亚的红木森林时，你将会置身于千年以上树龄的树木之间。among “在……之间，在……中”，由前文中的drive through the Redwood Forests可知among符合句意。8．(2017·北京高考，35)Many people who live along the coast make a living ________ fishing industry.答案：in　句意：许多住在海边的人都是靠渔业来谋生的。介词in在此表示“从事于……”。make a living in fishing industry “靠渔业谋生”。9．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ，67)I was searching ________ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing.答案：for　search for “寻找……”。10．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ，短文改错)Still I was unwilling to play the games for them sometimes.______________________________________________________________答案：for→with　play with sb. “与……一起玩耍”。一  常用介词的意义  二  常见的复合介词 复合介词基本词义例句according to 依据，根据……They divided themselves into three groups according to age. owing to 因为……Owing to their carelessness, a fire broke out.because of 因为……Don't be angry because of what he said. He meant no harm.thanks to多亏了……Thanks to my teacher's help, I got the first prize in the English Speech Contest. as for/to 至于……We had a delightful weekend in the country. As for the traffic, we had no difficulty.due to 由于……Mistakes due to carelessness may have serious consequences.apart from 除……以外Apart from the cost, the hat doesn't suit me. except for 除了……(整体与部分的关系)Your writing is good except for a few grammar mistakes.  续表 复合介词基本词义例句regardless of 不管……Regardless of what happens, my claim is safe and secure. but for 要不是……But for your text message, I would have left my ID at home.in spite of尽管In spite of the fact that the product is safe, many people still refuse to buy it.on account of因为Their recent protest was called off on account of tightened security.as a result of由于Workers approaching retirement should be saving more, not less, as a result of low rates.next to仅次于；紧挨着Getting them to buy into the system is next to impossible.in addition to除……以外，还有Thankfully, in addition to changing majors, students can change schools.far from远非……My boss asked so much of me and I believed that my job was far from his satisfaction.ahead of在……前面With his help, we finished our task ahead of time.  三  介词to的搭配1．与名词常见搭配the solution to the problem 问题的解决方法the key to the door 门的钥匙the answer to the question 问题的答案to the point 切中要害，中肯to one's taste  合某人胃口to one's surprise/joy/delight 令某人吃惊/高兴的是approach to sth. 通往……的路，学习……的方法attitude to/towards 对待……的态度dance to music 伴着音乐跳舞the entrance to ……的入口have/gain access to  有……的机会2．与动词常见搭配devote ... to ...  把……用于adjust ... to ...  调节……以适应adapt ... to ...  适应……attach ... to ...  把……附在……上object to 反对look forward to 盼望pay attention to 注意get down to sth. 开始做某事；开始认真对待某事see to 照料，处理owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物；把……归功于/归因于make contributions to 为……作出贡献be get used to  习惯于prefer ...  to ...  宁愿……而不belong to  属于lead to 通向，导致put an end to  结束be up to  从事，干point to  指着stick to 坚持hold on to  抓住不放look up to 尊敬，尊重compared to  与……相比be admitted to  被录取live up to  符合，达到，不辜负apply to  利用，运用attend to  处理，照顾；关照appeal to  有吸引力；呼吁；上诉respond to 应答3．与形容词常见搭配be related to  与……有关be sensitive to 对……敏感be similar to 与……相似be linked to 与……有关be relevant to 与……相关be important to 对……很重要be beneficial to 对……有益be equal to  等于……be familiar to  对某人来说是熟悉的be blind to  对……视而不见be addicted to  沉溺于 四  常用介词与形容词的搭配be conscious of 意识到be fond of 喜爱be aware of 意识到；明白be strict with sb. in sth. 对某人某方面严格be worthy of 值得；配得上be different from  与……不同be absent from 缺席be popular with 受到……的欢迎be present at  出席be tired of  厌倦……be busy with  忙于……be lost in 迷失在……be anxious about 为……担心be buried in 全神贯注于be ashamed of  因……而惭愧be absorbed in 全神贯注于be suspicious of  怀疑……be familiar with 熟悉…… 五  介词in构成的常见短语in common with 与……一样in the face of  面对……in time for 正好……in danger of 处于……危险中in defence of 为了保护……in need/want of  需要……  in consequence of 由于……in favour of  赞成in exchange for 交换……in memory of  为了纪念……in honour of 为了尊敬……in praise of  为了赞美…… in charge of  负责……in the charge of  由……负责in possession of 拥有……in the possession of 由……拥有in search of  为了寻找……in touch with 和……保持联系in preparation for 为……作准备in place of 代替，而不是in the hope of 希望……in the course of 在……的过程中in the habit of 有……的习惯in front of 在……的前面in the form of  以……的形式in the front of 在……的前部in the name of 以……名义in relation to 与……相关in regard to 关于/至于……in return for 作为……回报in terms of 就……而言in harmony with  与……协调 六  其他介词短语 短语词义例句for lack of因为缺乏More and more high­rise buildings have been built in big cities for lack of space.on condition  that如果，条件是(＋句子)I will lend you the book on condition that you return it on Monday. with regard to 关于，至于With regard to the party on July 1st I shall be pleased to attend.on behalf of代表On behalf of everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country.by means of 凭借……The water may be carried by means of a pipe. in case of万一……In case of fire, ring the alarm bell. Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2020·贵州省安顺市高三联考)I pulled up next ________ him, got out of the car, and gave him all my egg money.答案：to　句意：我在他旁边停了下来，从车里出来，把全部的私房钱给了他。根据句意，可知此处为固定搭配，next to意为“在……旁边”。故填to。2．(2019·山东省德州市高三月考)The idea of creating a national park was first discussed in the 1940s, but people couldn't agree ________ what size to make the park.答案：on　agree on是固定搭配，表示“对……达成一致”。3．He went to Shanghai ________ an important meeting.答案：for　句意：他去上海参加一个重要会议。for在此处表示目的，其后习惯于接名词或代词。4．In addition ________ the injuries in the face and hands, he broke both legs while playing the final game.答案：to　句意：决赛时除了脸部和手部受伤外，他还摔断了双腿。in addition to＝besides “除……之外(还)”。5．(2019·广东省佛山市顺德区高三教学质量检测)Bullied kids face a high risk ________ mental health problems.答案：of　句意：受欺凌的孩子们面临着高风险的精神健康问题。a risk of “……的风险”。6．She contributed more than any other scientist ________ solving the structure of DNA.答案：to　句意：她在破解DNA结构方面所做的贡献，比任何一位科学家都大。contribute ... to sth./doing sth. “为某事/做某事作出贡献”，to为介词，后跟名词或动名词作宾语。7．Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 ________ average.答案：above　句意：去年是有记录以来最暖和的一年，全球气温高于平均气温0.68度。根据语境the warmest year on record可知是比平均气温高0.68度。above average意为“高于平均值”。8．In India, for example, most people traditionally eat ________ their hands.答案：with　句意：在印度，大多数人历来采用手抓的方式吃饭。with＋人体部位或工具，表示“用……(工具)”。9．This meeting room is a non­smoking area. I would like to warn you ________ advance  that if you smoked here you would be fined.答案：in　句意：这个会议室是禁烟区。我想提前告诫你如果你吸烟会被罚款的。in advance “预先；提前”，固定搭配。10．Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes ________ animals both on land and sea?答案：to　句意：你听说过这些既是陆地动物的栖息地，又是海洋动物的家园的树木吗？be home to ...  “是……的家园或栖息地”。Ⅱ.单句改错1．My connection with pandas goes back my days on a TV show in the mid­1980s.______________________________________________________________答案：back后加to　go back to “追溯到”，固定短语。2．My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time.______________________________________________________________答案：dreams后加about/of　dream about/of doing sth. “梦想做某事”。3．The dictionary is out­of­date: many words have been added  the language since it was published.______________________________________________________________答案：added后加to　add sth. to “把……添加到……”，为固定搭配。4．Many of the things we now benefit for would not be around but for Thomas Edison.______________________________________________________________答案：for→from　句意：如果没有托马斯·爱迪生的话，今天我们享用的许多东西都将不存在。benefit from “得益于”，固定搭配，符合语境。5．Now I am leaving home to college. At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever I need help.______________________________________________________________答案：home后的to→for　leave ... for ...  “离开……去……”，固定搭配。