2021高三英语人教版一轮教师用书：必修1Unit5NelsonMandela-amodernhero

三言两语1．I write this letter to apply for the position that you have advertised in China Daily of April 2nd.2．As for my personality，I think I'm very honest and have a strong sense of responsibility.3．Not only has he displayed courage, but also he has proved himself to be a reliable person.1．亚伯拉罕·林肯，一位穷人家的孩子，出生在肯塔基。Abraham Lincoln, the son of a poor family, was born in Kentucky.2．正是他们的鼓励使我的学习稳步前进。It was their encouragement that resulted in my slow but steady progress.[单词　拼写应用]核心单词1．quality n．质量； 品质； 性质2．beg vi.请求；乞求3．stage n．舞台； 阶段； 时期4．opinion n．意见； 看法； 主张5．reward n．报酬； 奖金vt.酬劳； 奖赏6．found vt.建立； 建设7．attack vt.进攻； 攻击； 抨击8．escape vi.&vt.逃脱； 逃走； 避开9．vote vt.& vi.投票； 选举 n．投票； 选票； 表决10．generous adj.慷慨的； 大方的[语境运用]　用所给词的适当形式填空1．Tsinghua University, founded (found) in 1911, is one of the best universities in China.2．They managed to escape (escape) from the burning building by breaking open the door.3．The government rewarded (reward) him for saving the old man in the well last week.4．We may have different opinions (opinion) in organizing class activities.5．It shocked her to hear that her good friend was attacked (attack) with cancer.拓展单词1．active adj.积极的； 活跃的→actively adv.积极地；活跃地→activity n．活动2．devote vt.献身； 专心于→devoted adj.忠实的； 深爱的→devotion n．关爱； 献身； 奉献； 忠诚3．peace n．和平； 平静； 和睦→peaceful adj.和平的； 平静的； 安宁的→peacefully adv.和平地 4．legal adj.法律的； 依照法律的→illegal adj.(反义词) 非法的； 违法的5．hopeful adj.怀有希望的； 有希望的→hopefully adv.有希望地→hopeless adj.没有希望的6．violent adj.暴力的； 猛烈的→violence n．暴力； 暴行→ violently adv.暴力地；猛烈地7．equal adj.相等的； 平等的→equality n．平等； 相等→equally adv.同样地； 相等地； 公平地8．fair adj.公正的； 公平的→unfair adj.不公正的； 不公平的9．educate vt.教育； 训练→educated adj.受过教育的； 有教养的→education n．教育→educator n．教育工作者； 教育家10．cruel adj.残忍的→cruelty n．残忍； 残酷 11．willing adj.乐意的；自愿的→ unwilling adj.(反义词)不情愿的； 不乐意的[语境运用]　用所给词的适当形式填空1．The old teacher devoted all his life to educating his devoted students and he was admired for his devotion to the education cause.(devote)2．All men are born equal, so everyone hopes to be treated equally because equality is a basic demand.(equal)3．On the whole, people who are well educated can find jobs easier than those without a good education．(educate)4．As far as I'm concerned, too much violence  on television does serious harm to children's character.What's worse，violence on TV makes people behave violently．(violent)5．I was once hopeless about my lessons，but I hoped for progress，so I hopefully asked my teacher for help.It was his encouragement and instruction that made me improve greatly and now I'm hopeful about my future.(hope)6．Please actively take part in after­class activities，which will not only make your school life colorful，but also improve your learning.(active)阅读单词1．mean adj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的2．principle n．法则；原则；原理3．league n．同盟；联盟；联合会4．relative n．亲戚；亲属5．terror n．恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动6．release vt.释放；发行7．sentence vt.判决；宣判8．easy­going adj.随和的；温和宽容的9．mankind n．人类10．fee n．费(会费、学费等)；酬金 11．blanket n．毛毯；毯子12．guidance n．指导； 领导 13．invader n．侵略者14．republic n．共和国；共和政体15．quote n．引用语；语录1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ) I was the queen of the playground.Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids.刻薄的；不善良的2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ) When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student.抨击[短语　多维应用]高频短语1．out of work失业2．in trouble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中3．turn to求助于；致力于4．lose heart丧失勇气或信心5．come to power当权；上台6．as a matter of fact事实上[语境运用]　(填入一个适当的词)The situation has become worse and worse since the new government came ①to power.I am out ②of work and feel at a loss.I will turn ③to my friend Mary for advice tomorrow，who always encourages me not to lose ④heart．She told me I should be hopeful about the future when I am ⑤in trouble.7．blow up使充气；爆炸8．set up设立；建立9．be sentenced to 被判处……(徒刑)10．be willing to do 愿意做……11．be in prison坐牢12．in one's opinion/view在某人看来13．fight for为……而战[语境运用]　(填入一个适当的词)Nelson Mandela devoted all his life to realizing the dream that people with different colors should be equal.He set ⑥up a law office to offer guidance to poor black people on their legal problems.One day，one of his supporters helped him blow⑦up the government buildings to fight⑧ for their rights.Unfortunately，he was sentenced ⑨to prison for life on Robben Island until 1990.[句式　结构仿写]教材原句背诵句式仿写应用1．抽象名词＋ where引导的定语从句The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.我们到了这样一个阶段：为了挽救我们自己我们必须开始采取有效措施来保护环境。We have reached a stage where we must start taking effective measures to protect the environment so as to save ourselves.2.only修饰状语放在句首，句子用部分倒装...only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)只有通过多练习剪纸，你才能掌握这门民间艺术。Only by practising paper­cutting more can you learn the folk art.3.the first time引导时间状语从句I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.(湖南卷)第一次比赛失败，我们都感到很沮丧，因为我们都全身心地为此做了充分准备。The first time we lost the match, we all felt very depressed, because each had been devoted to making full preparations for it. 1．devote vt.献身；专心于(1)devote...to (doing) sth.把……献给；把……致力于devote oneself to 致力于；献身于；专心于(2)devoted adj.挚爱的；忠实的be devoted to (doing) sth.献身于(做)某事；专心致志于(做)某事(3)devotion n．深爱；奉献devote his energies to a job of helping the disabled致力于帮助残疾人的工作devote all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children为中国的妇女儿童医疗事业贡献她毕生精力[基础练习]——单句语法填空① (2019·浙江卷) I still remember what you have devoted to improving(improve) my oral English and English writing.②a.(湖南卷)You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted(devote) to your work.　b．With all her time devoted (devote) to the experiments, she has no time for housework.③a.(2017·天津卷) He is a devoted (devote) father because he was strict with his daughter and encouraged her when she was in trouble.　b．A teacher's devotion(devote) to education deserves great respect of the whole public because it brings benefits to the development of society.[链接写作]——完成句子/句式升级 (普通表达)Jane devotes herself to teaching(致力于教) the deaf children and she has little time to care for her own daughter.(高级表达)Devoting herself to teaching the deaf children, Jane has little time to care for her own daughter.(现在分词短语作状语)(高级表达)Devoted to teaching the deaf children, Jane has little time to care for her own daughter.(过去分词短语作状语)[名师点津]　表示“专心于；致力于”的其他短语还有：be addicted to，be absorbed in，be lost in，focus on，concentrate on。2．equal v．等于；与……相等；比得上 adj.相等的；胜任的 n．同等的人或物(1)equal sb./sth.(in...)(在……方面) 比得上；与……匹敌；与……相等be equal to sth./doing sth.(in...)(在……方面)与……相等；能胜任(2)without (an) equal无人可比的(3)equally adv. 同样地；相等地equality n．相等；平等enjoy equal rights享有平等的权利be equal in height同等高度be equal to anything无所不能[基础练习]——单句语法填空①(江西卷满分作文) Be positive and cheerful, for your mental health is equal to your physical health.②He is equal to accomplishing(accomplish) the task, for no one equals him in the area.③a.Black people had to fight for social and economic equality(equal) with whites.　b．(福建卷)Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be equally (equal) respected.[链接写作]——一句多译在勇气方面没有人比得上他，这一点大家都清楚。①No one equals him in courage，about which everyone knows.(equal v．)②No one is equal to him in courage，about which everyone knows.(equal adj.)3．escape vi.& vt.逃脱；逃走；避开 n．逃脱；逃走；逃避(1)escape (doing) sth.逃脱(做)某事escape from/out of...从……逃跑；逃走escape one's attention/notice逃过某人的注意；被某人遗忘(2)have a narrow escape九死一生escape from the forest逃出森林escape sb.'s attention/notice逃过某人的注意a fire escape安全门[基础练习]——单句语法填空① Whoever breaks the law won't escape punishment/being punished(punish)．②He once had a narrow escape from the adventurous sport，so he doesn't dare to try it again.[链接写作]——完成句子/句式升级那个妇女设法带着孩子逃出火场，既恐惧又疲惫。(普通表达)The woman managed to escape from the fire with her baby.She was extremely terrified and exhausted．(高级表达)The woman managed to escape from the fire with her baby, extremely terrified and exhausted．(形容词作状语)4．reward n．& v．报答；报酬；奖金；酬劳；奖赏(1)reward sb.with sth.用……奖赏某人reward sb.for sth./doing sth.因(做)某事奖励某人(2)as a reward for...作为对……的报酬in reward for 为报答；作为……的奖赏(3)rewarding adj.值得做的；有益的a reward for good behaviour优秀行为奖be rewarded with a smile报以微笑[基础练习]——单句语法填空①a.(2018·天津卷)The gold medal will be awarded (award) to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race.　b．After being awarded(award) the first prize, he expressed that he would continue to reward the people and the society with his hard work.②(安徽卷)When asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding (reward)．[链接写作]——一句多译我送给他一本从上海买的书来答谢他的帮助。 ①I gave him a book bought from Shanghai in reward for his help/as a reward for his help．(reward n．)②I rewarded him with a book which I bought from Shanghai for his help.(reward vt.)[名师点津]　reward表示“奖赏；酬谢”，指对有功绩的事的报答或酬谢；award作名词时，指正式或官方“颁发或授予的奖章、奖金等”；作动词时指正式地或官方地颁发、授予、给予，常用搭配：award sb.sth.＝ award sth.to sb.5．in trouble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中(1)get into trouble陷入困境；惹麻烦ask for trouble自找麻烦；自讨苦吃(2)take the trouble to do sth. 不怕费事或困难尽力做某事have trouble in doing sth./with sth.做某事有困难[基础练习]——单句语法填空①(湖南卷)It was when we were returning home that I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.②a.(上海卷)When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble thinking(think) of the right things to say.　b．(福建卷)My parents have given me life and take all the trouble to bring(bring) me up.[链接写作]——完成句子①让我十分担心的是，我在收集信息和使用语言方面确实有困难。What worries me a lot is that I am really having trouble in collecting information and using language．②不论什么时候学习遇到困难， 请马上找我们帮忙。 Please don't hesitate to turn to us for help whenever you have trouble with your studies.6．turn to求助于；致力于；翻到(书的某页)；查阅；转向；开始从事turn down关小；拒绝turn away拒绝……入内；把……打发走turn up出现；露面；调大turn out证明是；结果是；赶走；生产turn over打翻；翻身；移交turn ...into把……变成[基础练习]——写出下列句子中turn to的含义① (2019·全国卷Ⅲ) Turn to an online instructor for help.求助于②After he left university he became a teacher, but later turned to journalism.开始从事③You shouldn't always turn to the dictionary when you meet new words in reading.查阅④Follow the main road until it branches and then turn to the left.转向[链接写作]——完成句子①(天津卷)上个周末，汤姆不得不拒绝参加聚会的邀请，因为他太忙了。Tom had to turn down the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.②结果她因有急事要处理拒绝了邀请。It turned out that she declined the invitation because she had something urgent to attend to.7．[教材佳句]...only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.……只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。[句法句式]此句为倒装句。“only＋状语(通常是副词、介词短语或从句等)”位于句首时，其后句子要用部分倒装。(1)“only＋从句”放在句首时，倒装的是主句，从句不倒装；(2)only 放在句首修饰主语时不用倒装。[金句推送]　(2018·浙江6月卷)Only when I won the first prize in the spoken English contest did I realize it was important to have a good command of spoken English.只有当我在英语口语比赛中获得一等奖时，我才意识到精通英语口语的重要性。[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Only by turning to her father for help did the girl settle the problem at last.②Only then does I realize that it was foolish of me to break away from all of my friends and never contact them.does→did[链接写作]——句式升级(普通表达)You can do the job well only with all your time and energy.(高级表达) Only with all your time and energy can you do the job well.(倒装句)(高级表达) It is only with all your time and energy that you can do the job well.(强调句)8．[教材佳句]I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.我第一次向一个(参观)小组谈论(罗本岛监狱的情况)时，心里觉得很不好受。[句法句式]句中的the first time用作连词，用来引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次……”。引导时间状语从句的还有：(1)each/every time每次……的时候any time任何时候last time上次……时next time下次……时by the time 到……为止(2)一……就……[金句推送]　The first time he met the girl he was struck by her wisdom and fell in love with her deeply.他第一次遇到这个女孩就被她的睿智所打动，并深深地爱上了她。[基础练习]——单句改错①The next time when you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip.去掉when②(湖北卷)Be careful！The machine starts at the moment you press the button.去掉at[链接写作]——一句多译第一次上这位年轻老师的课，他就感兴趣。①He became interested in the young teacher's lesson the first time he attended his class．②He became interested in the young teacher's lesson when he attended his class for the first time．[名师点津]　the first time用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次……时”。for the first time是介词短语，只能用作状语，意为“第一次”。多维训练——夯实基础维度1——用所给词的正确形式填空1．The students have been working hard at their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded (reward) with success in the end.2．You can't imagine the trouble I had persuading  (persuade) him to change his mind.3．Although he made a serious mistake in his work, he was lucky to escape being fired (fire) by his boss.4．This position is equally (equal) suitable for a school leaver or for somebody who has office experience.5．Devoting (devote)all his time to his business, he had little time taking care of his family.维度2——在空白处填入一个适当的词6．Everything is hard in the beginning.Don't hesitate to turn to me if you are in difficulty.7．Parents should pay attention to the cases where their children have difficulty adapting to new surroundings.8．Mary got a new mobile phone from her parents as a reward for her being admitted to Tsinghua University.9．Only when I had another failure in my job­seeking did I realize knowledge is valuable.10．The first time I met him, he was working as a secretary in a big company.维度3——查缺补漏11．Only educated (educate) people can have a good understanding of the lecture given by the scientist.12．Founded (found)in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children's love of art.13．(2019·青岛适应性测试)Maggie thought it was unfair (fair) that women were not allowed to receive education.14．Although the job was extremely(extreme) difficult and dangerous，he decided to take it.15．So far, a committee has been set up to organize social events in the college.语篇练习——提升能力提能一　单元话题语篇练根据P34教材课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式When Elias, a poor black worker in South Africa, first 1．met (meet) Nelson Mandela, he was in a very difficult period of his life.He had to leave school because his family could not continue to pay the school fees and the bus fare.When he got a job, he was worried about 2.being (be) out of work because he didn't have a passbook.Then Mandela, 3.who offered guidance to poor black people on their legal problems, told him what to do and helped him.When Mandela 4.organized (organize) the ANC Youth League, Elias joined it as soon as he could.At that time, black people couldn't vote 5.to choose (choose) their leaders.They couldn't get the jobs they wanted and the parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people.6．With the help of Mandela they chose 7．to attack (attack) the laws, and fought against the white people with 8.violence (violent)．In 1963 Elias helped Mandela blow up some government buildings, 9.although it was very dangerous.He was happy to help because he knew it would help them achieve their dream of 10.making(make) black and white people equal.提能二　单元话题写作练1．补全要点句(加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)①我第一次读到关于张衡的文章，就被他感动了，他是中国古代一个伟大的天文学家和发明家。(定语从句)The first time I read about Zhang Heng, who was a great astronomer and inventor in ancient China, I was touched.②他的一生致力于科学研究和发明，包括著名的地震仪。During his lifetime, he was devoted to scientific research and inventions, including the famous seismography.③事实上，他第一次介绍地震仪时被嘲笑了。As a matter of fact, he got laughed at when first introducing his seismography.④他从未失去信心并继续研究。He never lost heart but went on with his research.⑤他深信只有他相信自己时，他才能胜任做任何事情。He was convinced that he was equal to doing everything only when he believed in himself.⑥他对科学的贡献是无法回报的。Nothing could reward his contributions to science．2．升级平淡句用倒装句式升级句⑤He was convinced that only when he believed in himself was he equal to doing anything．3．衔接成美文(注意利用适当的过渡衔接词汇：in one's opinion, however)I was touched by Zhang Heng the first time I read about him.He was a great astronomer and inventor, and lived from AD 78 to 139.During his lifetime, he was devoted to scientific discoveries and inventions, including the famous seismograph.Actually, he got laughed at when first introducing his seismograph.However, he never lost heart but went on to make new discoveries.He believed that he could succeed only when he believed in himself.In my opinion, nothing could reward his contributions to science.