2021高考英语一轮统考复习第一部分教材重点全程攻略Book6Unit5Thepowerofnature学案含解析新人教版

Unit 5  The power of nature基础自主检测阅读识记Ⅰ.英译汉1.diagram n. 图解；图表；示意图2.volcano n. 火山3.hurricane n. 飓风；风暴4.questionnaire n. 问卷；调查表5.database n. 数据库；资料库6.fountain vi.& vt. 泉水般地喷出或涌出n. 喷泉；源泉7.helmet n. 头盔8.boot n. 靴子9.typhoon n. 台风10.thunderstorm n. 雷暴Ⅱ.汉译英1.ash n. 灰；灰末2.bungalow n. 平房；小屋3.fog n. 雾4.rainbow n. 彩虹5.balcony n. 阳台6.tremble vi. 摇晃；摇动；颤抖高频应用1.alongside adv. 在旁边；沿着边　prep. 在……旁边；沿着……的边2.wave n. 波浪；波涛　vi. 波动；起伏；挥手3.potential n. 潜在性；可能性；潜能　adj. 可能的；潜在的4.candidate n. 候选人；候补者　　　　　5.precious adj. 贵重的；珍贵的6.novelist n. 小说家  7.document n. 文件；证件8.shoot vt. 射中；射伤  9.sweat n. 汗　vi. 出汗10.bathe vi. 洗澡；游泳  11.guarantee vt. 保证；担保拓展变形1.erupt (vi.) (指火山)爆发；突然发生→eruption (n.) 火山爆发；(战争等)爆发2.equipment (n.) 设备；装备→equip (vt.) 装备；配备3.appoint (vt.) 任命；委派→appointment (n.) 约定；任命4.evaluate (vt.) 评估；评价；估计→evaluation (n.) 评估5.absolute (adj.) 绝对的；完全的→absolutely (adv.) 绝对地；完全地6.suit (n.) 一套外衣；套装 (vt.) 适合；使适宜→suitable (adj.) 合适的；适宜的7.actual (adj.) 实在的；实际的→actually (adv.) 实际上8.uncomfortable (adj.) 不舒服的；不舒适的→comfortable (反义词) (adj.) 舒服的；舒适的→uncomfortably (adv.) 不舒服地；不舒适地9.unconscious (adj.) 失去知觉的；未察觉的→conscious (反义词) (adj.) 有知觉的；有意识的10.anxious (adj.) 忧虑的；不安的→anxiously (adv.) 不安地→anxiety (n.) 担心；焦虑；渴望11.panic (vi.& vt.) (使)惊慌 (n.) 惊慌；恐慌→panicked (过去式/过去分词)12.diverse (adj.) 多种多样的；不同的→diversity (n.) 多种多样；多样性13.appreciation (n.) 欣赏；感激；感谢→appreciate (vt.) 欣赏；感激 1.后缀­ment的名词①equipment 设备②advertisement 广告③announcement 通知；通告④achievement 功绩；成就⑤punishment 惩罚⑥treatment 对待；治疗⑦appointment 任命；约定⑧requirement 要求⑨agreement 协议2.含“­ist(人)”词根的单词①novel(小说)＋ist＝novelist 小说家②dent(齿)＋ist＝dentist 牙医③capital(资本)＋ist＝capitalist 资本主义者④reception(接待)＋ist＝receptionist 接待员⑤physics(物理学[去s])＋ist＝physicist 物理学家⑥volcanology (火山学[去y])＋ist＝volcanologist 火山学家3.含词根“­rupt(破)”的词①erupt＝“e向外＋rupt 破”向外破即“爆发”②interrupt＝“inter中间的＋rupt破”从中间打破即“打搅”③corrupt＝“cor共同＋rupt破”共同破坏即“腐败的”④abrupt＝“ab离开＋rupt破”突然断开即“突然的；唐突的”⑤bankrupt＝“bank银行＋rupt破”银行破了即“破产的” 一 动词＋介/副词1.burn to the ground 全部焚毁2.glance through 匆匆看一遍3.vary from ... to ... 由……到……不等二 be＋形容词/名词＋介词/副词4.be compared with 与……相比5.be about to 即将6.be amazed at 对……感到惊讶7.be home to 是……的栖息地三 动词/介词＋宾语8.take notice 留意；注意9.in the distance 在远处10.make one's way 前往11.have a gift for 有……的天赋1.“take＋n.”相关短语①take notice 留意；注意②take  effect 生效；起作用③take charge 开始管理；接管④take exercise 锻炼⑤take pains 努力；尽力；下功夫⑥take photos 拍照⑦take steps 采取措施2.“have a/an＋n.＋for”短语①have a gift for 有……的天赋②have a preference for 偏爱；特别喜爱③have a desire for 想要；渴望④have a nose for 对……敏感；很善于发现⑤have a taste for 对……有兴趣_________________________________________________________________1.现在分词作状语Having_collected_and_evaluated_the_information (收集和评估这些信息之后), I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.(教材P34)2.be about to do ... when ... “刚要……这时……”I was_about_to_go_back_to_sleep_when (刚要回去睡觉这时) suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.(教材P34)3.独立主格结构The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this_being_my_first_experience (这是我的第一次经历), I stayed at the top and watched them.(教材P35)4.It is said that ... “据说……”It_is_said_that (据说) this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu people.(教材P39)单句语法填空1.Have you ever considered how weak humans are ________ (compare) with a volcano, hurricane or earthquake？答案：compared2.Although my job is occasionally dangerous, I don't mind because danger ________ (excite)  me and ________ (make) me feel alive.答案：excites; makes3.However, the most important thing about my job is ________ I help protect ordinary people from one of the most powerful forces on earth—the volcano.答案：that4.I was appointed ________ a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) twenty years ago.答案：as5.________ (work) hard all day, I went to bed early.答案：Having worked6.I was fast asleep ________ suddenly my bed began shaking and I heard a strange sound.答案：when7.I ran out of the house into the back garden ________ I could see Mount Kilauea in the distance.答案：where8.The height of the land ________ (vary) from 700 metres above sea level to over 2,000 metres and is home ________ a great variety of rare plants and animals.答案：varies; to9.There are many stories ________ (tell) about Tianchi.答案：told10.They were bathing in Tianchi ________ a bird flew above them.答案：when   考点步步冲关1 appoint　vt.任命；委派；指定；约定I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian  Volcano Observatory (HVO)  twenty years ago.(P34)二十年前我被任命为火山学家，为夏威夷火山观测站工作。(1)appoint sb. (to sth.)/(as)  任命某人为……appoint sb. to do sth.委派某人做某事appoint a time/place for ... 为……约定时间/地点(2)appointment n.  任命；约会make/have/fix an appointment with sb.与某人预约keep an appointment 守约；践约miss an appointment 失约；爽约(3)appointed adj. 约定的；指定的即时练1单句语法填空①He ________ (appoint) as general manager for his rich experience as well as excellent educational background.②I have an ________ (appoint)  with  Dr Smith, but I need to change it.③My patient didn't turn up at the ________ time; that is, she missed an ________. (appoint)答案：①was appointed　②appointment　③appointed; appointment一句多译她是这些年来唯一一个被选进董事会的女性。④She is the only one of the women ________________________  the board these years.(定语从句)⑤She is the only one of the women  ________________  the board these years.(非谓语动词短语)答案：④who has been appointed to　⑤appointed to2 suit　n. 一套外衣；套装　vt.适合；使适宜We had white protective suits that covered our whole body, helmets, big boots and special gloves.(P34)我们都穿着白色的防护服遮住全身，戴上了头盔和特别的手套，还穿了一双大靴子。(1)a suit of 一套/副(2)suit sb. fine 很合某人的意；  对某人很合适suit ... to ... 使……适合于……(3)suitable adj.  适当的；相配的be suitable for 适合于be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事(4)suited adj. 合适；适宜；般配的be suited for/to ... 适合做……；适合于……fit多指大小、尺寸、形状的合适match多指色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配suit多指合乎需求、口味、性格、款式等 即时练2单句语法填空①He bought a small notebook, which was very suitable ________ him while on business because of its convenience.②Only in that way can you find jobs that are best suited ________ your abilities and interests.③They'd soon be penniless and homeless if she couldn't find ________ (suit) work.④Jim and Mary seem ________ (suit) to each other, in spite of their quarrels.答案：①for　②to/for　③suitable　④suited用fit/suit/match的适当形式完成句子⑤尽管样式不适合我，但我还是想买这件夹克，因为我穿着很合身而且它和我的裤子很配。I want to take this jacket because it ________ me well and ________ my trousers, though the style doesn't ________ me.答案：fits; matches; suit3anxious　adj.忧虑的；不安的I was so anxious and couldn't move at first.(P38)我非常担心，一开始吓得动弹不得。(1)be anxious to do sth.急于做某事be anxious about sth.担心/忧虑某事be anxious for sb. 为某人担心be anxious for sb. to do sth.渴望某人做某事be anxious that ... 担心……(2)anxiety n. 忧虑；担心；渴望with anxiety 焦虑地(3)anxiously adv. 焦虑地；不安地即时练3单句语法填空①Watching him climb up the cliff, everybody was breathless ________ anxiety.②It's natural for parents to be anxious ________ their children's future.③As you know, everybody is anxious ________ (see) his article published as soon as possible.④If you are worried about your health, share your ________ (anxious) with your doctor.⑤We waited ________ (anxious) for our examination results.答案：①with　②about　③to see　④anxieties　⑤anxiously 1make one's way 前往；取得成功教材原句It was not easy to walk in these suits, but we slowly made our way  to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red, boiling centre.(P35)穿着这些衣服走起路来实在不容易，但我们还是缓缓往火山口的边缘走去，并且向下看到了红红的沸腾的火山中心。make way for ... 为……让路in this/that way 用这种/那种方法on one's way to ... 在去……的路上feel one's way 摸索着前进lose one's way 迷路wind one's way 蜿蜒向前force one's way out 挤出去；冲出去即时练1用way相关短语的适当形式填空①So long as you work hard, you can ____________ in life.②Could you mail these letters __________ downtown?③Without experience in it, we have to ____________.④The Great Wall ________________ across north China like a huge dragon.答案：①make your way　②on your way　③feel our way　④winds its way 2vary from ... to ...  由……到……不等教材原句The land varies in height from 700 metres above sea level to over 2,000 metres and is home to a great diversity of rare plants and animals.(P39)这里地面的高度由海拔700米至2,000多米不等，是多种多样的珍稀动植物的生长地。(1)vary from ... 和……不同vary with ...  随……而变化vary in size/colour 大小/颜色不一样vary between ... and ... /from ... to ... 由……到……情况不等；在……到……之间变动(2)variety n. 种类；多样化a variety of＝varieties of 各种各样的(3)various adj. 各种各样的即时练2单句语法填空①Office hours vary ________ company to company and country to country.②Rooms vary ________ size and some are equipped with  televisions and telephones.③The prices of some vegetables vary ________ the season.④The radio station had an open line on which listeners could call up to discuss ________ (vary) issues.⑤Every  solid object  will  reflect  a  sound, ________ (vary) according to the size and nature of the object.⑥Malaysia, a multiracial and multicultural country, is famous for its ________ (vary) of food.答案：①from　②in　③with　④various　⑤varying　⑥varieties 1The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this_being_my_first_experience,_I stayed at the top and watched them.(P35)翻译另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，但我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。this being my first experience是独立主格结构。独立主格结构主要由“n./pron.＋v. ­ing/v. ­ed/to  do/adj./adv./prep.”构成。此结构中，名词或代词起着逻辑主语的作用，其他部分表示状态、状况或动作。独立主格结构本身不是句子，但在语意上相当于一个句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等。独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子主体部分分开。[名师点津]　(1)独立分词结构：名词或代词主格＋分词如果构成分词的动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，则使用表示主动意义的现在分词；如果构成分词的动词与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，则使用表示被动意义的过去分词。(2)独立不定式结构：名词或代词主格＋不定式在独立不定式结构中，如果名词或代词主格是不定式动作的执行者，则两者为主动关系，用不定式的主动形式；如果名词或代词主格是不定式动作的承受者，则两者为被动关系，用不定式的被动形式。(3)名词或代词主格＋形容词(副词、名词、介词短语)(4)There/It/This/That being＋名词/代词主格这是独立主格结构的一种特殊形式，在意义上表示存在，充当原因状语或条件状语，其中的being不能省略。即时练1单句语法填空①Time ________ (permit), students can find a part­time job to decrease the burden of their family.②Much time ________ (spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.③There ________ (be) no light, we had to feel our way in the dark.答案：①permitting　②spent　③being一句多译整座房子只有这一扇窗子是临街的，因此无论从对面或是从侧面都不必担心邻居的窥视。④____________________ in the house facing the street, so no neighbours' glances were to be feared from across the street or at the side.(并列句)⑤____________________ in the house facing the street, no neighbours' glances were to be feared from across the street or at the side.(独立主格)答案：④This was the only window　⑤This being the only window 2It_is_said_that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and  persuasion, is the father of the Manchu people.(P39)翻译据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先，他具有很强的语言天赋和说服力。句中It is said that ... 为固定句式，意为“据说……”，it为形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的主语从句。该结构相当于people say that ...，还可以改成“Sb. is said to do sth.”结构，其中不定式有时态和语态的变化。类似结构：It is thought that ... 大家认为……It is believed that ... 人们相信……It is reported that ... 据报道……It is hoped that ... 人们希望……It is well known that ... 众所周知……It is supposed that ... 据推测……即时练2单句语法填空①He is thought  ________ (act)  foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.②Carbon dioxide is said ________ (heat) the earth twice as quickly as previously feared.答案：①to have acted　②to be heating一句多译据说前几天她写了一篇关于野生动物保护的报告。③____________________ she wrote a report about wildlife protection the other day.④She ________________________________ about wildlife protection the other day.答案：③It is said that　④is said to have written a report现在分词作状语1．时间状语①Walking along the street, I met Mary.当沿着街道走的时候，我遇到了玛丽。2．原因状语②Being tired, I stopped to have a rest.因为累了，我停下来休息一下。3．条件状语③Turning to the left, you'll find the school.左转，你就会找到学校。4．让步状语④Knowing where I live, he never comes to see me.虽然知道我住在哪里，但他从不来看我。5．伴随状语⑤I stood there, waiting for the bus.我站在那儿等公交车。6．结果状语⑥It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in the area.雨下得很大，给这个地区造成严重的洪灾。7．现在分词的完成式(1)句型(2)用法：v.ing的完成式表示该动作发生时间早于主句谓语表示的动作⑦Having finished my work, I went to bed.完成我的工作之后，我上床睡觉了。[重点提示]　(1)现在分词作状语，其逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。(2)分词短语作状语时，与主句之间不可出现并列连词。(3)分词的否定形式是通过在分词前加not, never等否定词构成。即时练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．He sends me an e­mail, ________ (hope) to get further information.答案：hoping2．________ (find) the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.答案：Finding3．She works in a theatre, ________ (follow) in her father's footsteps.答案：following4．________(defeat) many times, he didn't lose heart.答案：Having been defeated5．________ (chat) for several hours, they came to realize that they had a lot in common.答案：Having chattedⅡ.单句改错1．We couldn't afford to stay at a hotel, run out of nearly all our money._________________________________________________________________答案：run前加having2．Having not seen a rainbow before, he was very excited._________________________________________________________________答案：Having not→Not having3．Buying the precious necklace, she had no money left._________________________________________________________________答案：Buying→Having bought4．His parents died, to leave him an orphan._________________________________________________________________答案：to leave→leaving5．Having been told many times, but he still didn't obey the rule._________________________________________________________________答案：去掉but基础达标演练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．A fire broke out in our town recently and a large factory ________ (burn) to the ground.答案：was burned/burnt2．He made his reasons for resigning ________ (absolute) clear.答案：absolutely3．The pop star walked out of the stage, ________ (wave)her hands elegantly to her crazy fans.答案：waving4．It is the second time that the volcano ________ (erupt) in less than a month.答案：has erupted5．This study may contribute to treating ________ (anxious) and stress better.答案：anxiety6．I was about to hand in the paper ________ I found another mistake and then corrected it carefully.答案：when7．This ________ (be) my first performance, I was so nervous that I felt I could hardly breathe.答案：being8．________ (wait) in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.答案：Having waited9．The sun began to rise in the sky, ________ (bathe) the  mountain in golden light.答案：bathing10．Changbaishan is China's largest nature reserve and is home ________ roe deer.答案：toⅡ.单句改错1．There was no bus, we had to take a taxi to go to the station._________________________________________________________________答案：was→being或we前加so2．Her feelings varied from joy and fear as she watched him fight._________________________________________________________________答案：from→between或and→to3．Hearing the news that he had appointed as general manager of the big company, he was filled with excitement and joy._________________________________________________________________答案：had后加been4．Among the wounded were the dance instructor, who had just told the class that she was pregnant._________________________________________________________________答案：were→was5．The mother was standing at the gate, anxiously to see her son._________________________________________________________________答案：axiously→anxiousⅢ.教材微写作A．根据提示完成句子1．我的朋友李华是一个很有潜力的人。(potential abilities)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：My friend, Li Hua, is a person who has potential abilities. 2．大学毕业后他被任命为一名消防队员。(appoint ... as ...)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：After graduating from college, he was appointed as a firefighter. 3．一天下班后，他正要去购物，这时他发现一间房屋着火了。(break out)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：One day after work, he was about to go shopping  when he found a fire broke out in a house. 4．跑到现场，他匆匆地看了一下火情，穿过人群，不惊不慌地冲进燃烧的建筑物里。(glance through)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Rushing to the spot and glancing through the situation of the fire, he made his way through the crowd without panic, and went into the burning building.5．他冒着生命危险救出了被困的五个孩子。(risk)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Risking his own life, he saved five children trapped in the fire. 6．他的英勇行为受到了同事和领导的表扬。(because of)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Because of his heroic behavior, he was praised by his colleagues and leader.B．将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文，注意书写规范 答案：My friend, Li Hua, is a person who has potential abilities. After graduating from college, he was appointed as a firefighter. One day after work, he was about to go shopping  when he found a fire broke out in a house. Rushing to the spot and glancing through the situation of the fire, he made his way through the crowd without panic, and went into the burning building. Risking his own life, he saved five children trapped in the fire. Because of his heroic behavior, he was praised by his colleagues and leader.