2021高考英语一轮统考复习第一部分教材重点全程攻略Book8Unit1Alandofdiversity学案含解析新人教版

Book 8Unit 1  A land of diversity 基础自主检测阅读识记Ⅰ.英译汉1.strait n. 海峡2.immigration n. 移民；移居入境3.crossing n. 横渡；横越；十字路口；人行横道4.cattle n. 牛(总称)5.shave vt.& vi. 刮；剃6.mourn vt.& vi. 哀悼；悼念；表示悲痛7.insert vt. 插入；嵌入Ⅱ.汉译英1.percentage n. 百分比；百分率2.boom n. (人口、贸易的)繁荣vi. 处于经济迅速发展时期3.brake n. 闸；刹车；制动器　vi.& vt. 刹(车)；用制动器减速4.justice n. 正义；公平5.civil adj. 公民的；国内的；民间的6.authority n. 权威；权力　pl. 当局；官方高频应用1.hardship n. 苦难；困苦　　　　2.vice n．& adj. 代理；副职3.luggage n. 行李  4.fascinating adj. 迷人的；吸引人的5.nowhere adv. 无处；到处都无  6.grasp vt.& n. 抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会7.thankful adj. 感激的；感谢的拓展变形1.distinct (adj.) 清晰的；明显的；明确的→distinction (n.) 差别；区分；卓著→distinctive (adj.) 独特的；特别的2.means (n.) 方法；手段→meaning (n.) 意思→mean (v.) 打算；意味→meaningful (adj.) 有意义的3.majority (n.) 大多数；大半→major (adj.) 主要的 (vi.) 主修→minority (反义词)  (n.) 少数；少数民族→minor (adj.) 较小的；次要的4.elect (vt.) 选择；决定做某事；选举某人→election (n.) 选举5.racial (adj.) 人种的；种族的→race (n.) 种族；比赛→racism (n.) 种族主义；种族歧视6.applicant (n.) 申请人→apply (vi.) 申请→application (n.) 申请书；申请7.customs (n.) 海关；关税；进口税→custom (n.) 风俗；习惯 →customer (n.) 顾客；主顾8.socialist (n.) 社会主义者；社会党人 (adj.) 社会主义者的→social (adj.) 社会的→socialism (n.) 社会主义→society (n.) 社会9.occur (vi.) 发生；出现→occurrence (n.) 事件；发生的事→occurred (过去式/过去分词)10.indicate (vt.) 指出；标示；表明；暗示→indication (n.) 象征；标示；表明；暗示→indicator (n.) 指示器；指示牌11.apparent (adj.) 显而易见的；显然的；表面上的→apparently (adv.) 显然地；显而易见地12.conductor (n.) (公车)售票员；列车员；(乐队)指挥→conduct (vt.) 组织，安排13.slip (vi.) 滑动；滑行；滑跤 (n.) 滑动；滑倒→slipper (n.) 拖鞋→slippery (adj.) 滑的；狡猾的14.hire (vt. & n．) 租用；雇用→fire (反义词) (vt.) 解雇15.punishment (n.) 惩罚；处罚→punish (vt.) 惩罚 1.单复数意义不同的名词①custom (风俗)→customs (海关)②manner (方式)→manners (礼貌)③paper (纸)→papers (文件)④art (艺术)→arts (文科)⑤arm (手臂)→arms (武器)⑥brain (脑袋)→brains (智力)⑦work (工作)→works (作品)2.带后缀­ing的名词①crossing 十字路口②training 训练③feeling 感觉④wedding 婚礼⑤marketing 销售⑥spending 花销⑦engineering 工程⑧well­being 幸福3.后缀“­or”表示“人”的高频名词①conductor 售票员；列车员②administrator 管理者；行政人员③director 导演；主管④educator 教育工作者⑤editor 编辑⑥inventor 发明家；发明者⑦operator 操作员；接线员⑧translator 翻译家；译者一 动词＋介/副词1．live on  继续存在；继续生存2．keep up 坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)3．team up with 与……合作或一起工作4．mark out 用线画出范围；标出……界线5．take in 包括；吸收6．apply for 申请；请示得到二 动词/介词＋宾语7．by means of ... 用……办法；借助……8．make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等三 其他9．back to back 背靠背10．a great/good many 许多；很多1．“v.＋out”结构短语小结①mark out 标出……界线　②turn out 结果是③make out 理解；辨认出  ④work out 锻炼⑤cut out 删去  ⑥come out 出版；开花2．“v.＋in”结构短语小结①turn in 上交  ②give in 屈服；投降③break in 强行闯入  ④take in 吸收；欺骗⑤succeed in 在……上取得成功⑥engage in 从事；参加3．“名词＋to＋名词”短语小结①back to back 背靠背②heart to heart 心连心地③face to face 面对面地④mouth to mouth 口对口地⑤knee to knee 促膝地⑥shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩地__________________________________________________________________1．名词性从句作介词的宾语Exactly when the first people arrived in what_we_now_know_as (我们现在称之为) California, no one really knows.(教材P2)2．it is likely that ... “很可能……”However, it_is_likely_that (很可能) Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.(教材P2)3．why引导的表语从句，表示“……的原因”That_is_why (那就是为什么) today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.(教材P2)4．过去分词短语作原因状语People from different parts of the world, attracted_by (被吸引) the climate and the lifestyle, still immigrate to California.(教材P3)5．借助于it作形式主语的主语从句It_is_believed_that (人们认为) before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.(教材P3)单句语法填空1．It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, ________ (attract) people from all over the world.答案：having attracted2．The customs and languages of the immigrants live ________ in their new home.答案：on3．Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means ________ a land bridge.答案：of4．In addition, many died from the diseases ________ (bring) by the Europeans.答案：brought5．In the 18th century California ________ (rule) by Spain.答案：was ruled6．The dream of ________ (become) rich quickly attracted people ________ all over the world.答案：becoming; from7．In 1911 immigrants from Denmark established a town of their own, which today still keeps ________ their Danish culture.答案：up8．________ the 1920s the film industry was well established in Hollywood, California.答案：By9．It's a 79 km round­trip that takes ________ all the famous tourist spots.答案：in10．From 1882 to 1940 Angel Island was a famous immigration station ________ many Chinese people applied for right to live in USA.答案：where考点步步冲关1 majority　n．大多数；大半Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. (P2)在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他们的职责是向原住居民传授天主教。(1)the majority of ... ＝most of ... 大多数be  a/the majority in 构成大多数/占多数(2)major adj. 主要的 vi. 专修；主攻major in 主修……(3)minority n. 少数；少数派；少数民族[名师点津]　(1)the majority单独用作主语时，若强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若强调个体，谓语动词则用复数形式。(2)“the majority of＋可数名词复数”用作主语时，其谓语动词一般用复数。　　　　　　　　　　　　　即时练1单句语法填空①What she has just said doesn't correspond with the views of the ________ (major)．②An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members ________ (be) against it.③I graduated from Chongqing Normal University and majored ________ information management.答案：①majority　②are　③in2 occur　vi.发生；出现It didn't occur to me that ... (P5)我没有想到……(1)occur＋prep./adv. 发生；存在(2)sth. occurs to sb.＝sth. strikes sb.＝sth. comes to sb. 某人想起某事(3)It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人想起做某事(4)It occurs to sb. that ...＝It strikes/hits sb. that ... 某人想起某事(5)occurrence n. 发生；事件；出现　　　　　　　　　　　　　即时练2单句语法填空①Frequent ________ (occur) of natural disasters in recent years have caused great losses in the Asian­Pacific region.②It occurred to him ________ he hadn't eaten anything since the night before.答案：①occurrence　②that一句多译我突然想到，自上封信以来，已经有太长时间没收到华莱士的信了。③____________________________ it had been too long since I heard from Wallace. (strike)④____________________________ it had been too long since I heard from Wallace. (occur)答案：③It (suddenly) struck me that　④It occurred to me that3 indicate　vt.指出；标示；表明；暗示Try to use the expressions above to indicate that you are listening carefully to your partner.(P7)试着用以上表达来表明你在认真倾听你搭档的话。 (1)indicate sth. to sb. 向某人指出/暗示某物indicate that ...  示意；表明……(2)indication n. 指示；象征；预示There is no indication that ...  无迹象表明……There are some indications that ...  有迹象表明……　　　　　　　　　　　　　即时练3单句语法填空①With a nod of his head, he indicated ________ me where I should sit.②He gave no ________ (indicate) that he was ready to compromise.③The horse is a frequent theme in Chinese painting, ________ (indicate) a kind of advancement.④The bell ________ (indicate) the end of the period rang, interrupting our heated discussion.答案：①to　②indication　③indicating　④indicating1by means of  通过；用；借助于教材原句Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.(P2)科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时期曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。by this means 用这种方法by no means＝in no way＝in no case＝on no account＝at no time 决不；一点也不(放在句首时，句子用倒装语序)by all means (用于交际英语表示同意)当然可以；没问题[名师点津]　means用作“方式；方法”讲时单复数同形。若all/some/several/many means作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。若every/each/one/a means作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。　　　　　　　　　　　　　即时练1单句语法填空①Every possible means ________ (try), and we find only by this means is it possible to persuade him.②All possible means ________ (try), but we still can't work out the problem.③I've tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means ________ (be) the teacher satisfied with my progress.答案：①has been tried　②have been tried　③is用means相关短语的适当形式填空④She could not speak, but made her wishes known __________________ signs.⑤This is ________________ the first time you have been late.⑥The local army men helped the victims of the earthquake ________________ at their command.答案：④by means of　⑤by no means　⑥by every  means2make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等教材原句Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship.(P2)有些人死了或回家了，但是尽管条件十分艰苦，多数人仍然留在了加利福尼亚劳作谋生。(1)come to life 变得更有趣(或使人兴奋)；变得活跃live/lead a ... life 过着……的生活come back to life 苏醒过来；恢复生气bring ... back to life 使……苏醒过来(2)make/earn a/one's living 谋生(3)make it 成功；到达某地　　　　　　　　　　　　　即时练2用life相关短语的适当形式填空①They settled down in Canada and ________________ for themselves.②To our great joy, he __________________ soon.③On that night, it was believed that the spirits of the dead would try to ________________________.答案：①made a life　②came to life　③come back to life3team up with (＝cooperate with) 相称；合伙，合作，协作教材原句Teamed up with a couple from my hotel (Peter and Terri) and hired a car.(P8)同饭店里的一对夫妻(彼得和泰莉)作伴，一起租了一辆小汽车。keep up with 跟上catch up with 赶上put up with 忍受；容忍end up with 以……结束　　　　　　　　　　　　　即时练3用team up with/keep up with/put up with/end up with的适当形式填空①She always stays up late to study in order to ____________________ the others.②It's too delightful of you to be so nice to him, and __________________ all his tiresome stories.③The party __________________ a song that everyone was familiar with.④I need to __________________ your firm in a business project. Could you put me through to your boss?答案：①keep up with　②put up with　③ended up with④team up with 4take in 包括；领会；理解；欺骗；收留；收养；吸收教材原句It's a 79 km round­trip that takes in all the famous tourist spots.(P8)这是一次往返79公里的旅行，它涵盖了所有著名的旅游景点。take apart 拆开；把……打得一败涂地；抨击(论点等)take back 收回；带回；使回想起take care of 照料；保管take down 拿下；取下；拆卸；记下take it easy 别紧张；慢慢来take over 接收；接管take off 脱下(衣服等)；起飞take on 承担；呈现take one's place 代替某人的位置take one's time 不急；慢慢来take up 开始从事；占用(时间或空间)；着手处理；拿起；继续　　　　　　　　　　　　　即时练4写出下列句中take in 的含义①The price takes in the cost of all the accommodation and food.________②Brett's always taking in stray animals.________③Don't be taken in by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.________④I found it easy to take in what the professor had said.________⑤It is said that black takes in more heat than white. ________答案：①包括　②收养　③欺骗　④理解　⑤吸收　用take相关短语的适当形式填空⑥I'm sorry I was rude; I ________________ everything I said.⑦We find it difficult to __________________ what he teaches.⑧I'll ____________________ the story where I finished yesterday.⑨When the picture was __________________， the wall looked very bare.⑩Would you like me to __________________ the driving for a while?⑪Bill Gates is really a great man, whose career ________________ in his early thirties.答案：⑥take back　⑦take in　⑧take up　⑨taken down　⑩take over　⑪took off 5a great many 很多；许多(修饰可数名词)教材原句Saw some interesting temples here, a number of markets and a great many restaurants.(P8)参观了这里的一些有趣的寺庙，不少的集贸市场和许多餐馆。(1)(2)＋不可数名词＋单数谓语(3)a mass of＋可数名词的复数/不可数名词(谓语动词的单复数与of后的名词的数保持一致)(4)　　　　　　　　　　　　　即时练5单句语法填空①Our institute has ordered a great many __________ (instrument) from the company.②A good many new books __________ (publish) by the Foreign Language  Press last month.③Large quantities of oil __________ (discover) in a place near my hometown recently.答案：①instruments　②were published　③have been discovered1However, it_is_likely_that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.(P2)翻译然而，美洲土著人很可能在至少15,000年前就住在加利福尼亚了。It is likely that ... “很可能……”。本句中it为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。句中likely为形容词，意为“可能的”。其近义词有possible, probable。　　　　　　　　　　　　即时练1单句语法填空①The more stress you are under, the ________ (likely) you are to catch a cold.②They are likely ________ (fire) by the company just because of their fault.答案：①more likely　②to be fired一句多译当你在山里旅行时，你很可能会遇到大型野生动物。③You ________________________ large wild animals while travelling in the mountain.④__________________________ large wild animals while travelling in the mountain.答案：③are very likely to come across　④It's very likely that you will come across2By_the_time California elected to become the thirty­first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society.(P2)翻译到1850年加利福尼亚被选为美国第31个州的时候，它已经是一个有多种文化的社会了。by the time 意为“到……的时候”，是一个介词短语，在句中起连接作用，引导时间状语从句。其用法如下：(1)如从句谓语是一般过去时，则主句用过去完成时；(2)如从句谓语是一般现在时或现在完成时，则主句用将来完成时；(3)如主句动作不强调已经完成，只是说明某个时候的状况，此时主句不用完成时，而应根据实际需要选用适当的时态，此时by the time 相当于when。　　　　　　　　　　　　　即时练2单句语法填空①By the time they arrived, the famous astronaut ________ (leave) the hall.②By the time she gets home, her mother ________ (leave) for London to attend a meeting.③When I talked with my grandma on the phone, she sounded weak, but by the time we ________ (hang) up, her voice had been full of life.答案：①had left　②will have left　③hung名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句)概念在句子中起名词作用的从句称为名词性从句，又根据其在复合句中具体充当的成分，可分为主语从句(Subject Clause)、宾语从句(Object Clause)、表语从句(Predicative Clause)和同位语从句(Appositive Clause)。名词性从句的引导词引导名词性从句的连接词分为三类：1．连词：that (在从句中不充当成分，无语义); whether, if(在从句中不充当成分，语义为“是否”)①It's good to know that the dogs will be well cared for while we're away.知道我们不在的时候狗会被精心照看真好。2．连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which(在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语)②“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is what my mother used to tell me.“每次吃甜点的时候，喝绿茶”。这是我妈妈过去常常告诉我的。3．连接副词：when, where, how, why (在从句中充当状语)③Exactly when the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.土豆是什么时候被引进到欧洲的还不确定，但可能是1565年左右。主语从句主语从句一般位于谓语动词之前，但有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it 作形式主语，而把主语从句置于句末。④It is strange that the children are so quiet.真奇怪，孩子们如此安静。宾语从句1．形式宾语it动词find, feel, consider, make, believe等后面有宾语补足语时，有时需要用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。⑤Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.苏姗明确向我表示，她希望自己过上新生活。2．介词后的宾语从句连词 that 引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except, but, in等后；其他的介词后的宾语从句如果由连词that引导，则需用it先行一步作形式宾语。⑥You may depend on it that Tom will help you with your English.你可以相信汤姆会帮助你学英语。3．某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，这类形容词或过去分词有sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等，连词that 可省略。⑦They are afraid (that) I will feel lonely.他们担心我会感觉孤独。4．宾语从句中的时态与主句时态的呼应主句动词是现在时，从句应根据具体情况使用不同时态。当主句动词是过去时态(could, would除外)时，从句则要用相应的过去时态，如：一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时等；但当从句表示的是客观真理、科学原理、自然现象时，则从句仍用现在时态。⑧We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody had broken into the office during the night.我们早晨上班，发现有人夜间闯入了办公室。⑨Our teacher told us that January is the first month of the year.我们的老师告诉我们一月是一年的第一个月。表语从句1．引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但是有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语＋系动词＋从句。⑩—What a mess! You're always so lazy!—I'm not to blame, mum. I am what you have made me.——太乱了！你总是这么懒！——妈妈，不该责备我。是你造成我这个样子的。2．when, where, why, how, because引导的从句作This is 或That is的表语时，表示具体的时间、地点、原因、方式等。⑪That is why I don't finish the task in time.那是我没有及时完成任务的原因。3．当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that而不是because引导。⑫The reason why he was late was that he missed the train  this morning.他迟到的原因是今天早晨他错过了火车。　　　　　　　　　　　　　即时练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．The new book is about ________ Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent into space.答案：how2．Some people believe ________ has happened before  or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.答案：whatever3．She's no longer ________ she used to be.答案：what4．I truly believe ________ beauty comes from within.答案：that5．Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That's ________ I was born.”答案：whereⅡ.单句改错1．It struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son.________________________________________________答案：It→What2．The best moment for the football star was how he scored the winning goal.________________________________________________答案：how→when3．The customs office is that your luggage is inspected when you enter or leave a country.________________________________________________答案：that→where基础达标演练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．By the time he got to the station, the train ________ (leave)．答案：had left2．As the wages were low, there were few ________ (apply) for the job.答案：applicants3．In my opinion, it is not so helpful to give someone some bread as it is important to teach him how to make ________ life.答案：a4．By the middle of the 21st century, the vast majority of the world's population ________ (live) in cities rather than in the country.答案：will be living5．She had looked everywhere for her children, but they were nowhere ________ (find), which made her very worried.答案：to be found6．Oil prices fell this week to their lowest level in fourteen months, ________ (apparent) because of over­production.答案：apparently7．They have pledged to end ________ (race) discrimination in areas such as employment.答案：racial8．After the explosion, every means ________ (use) to prevent the river from being polluted.答案：has been used9．In some rural places of China, some people still prefer keeping ________ their traditional lifestyle.答案：up10．________ is believed that the wilder the animal or plant is, the better the effects are.答案：ItⅡ.单句改错1．It didn't occur him that his wife was having an affair.________________________________________________答案：occur后加to2．Only a few of them thought highly of the plan. The majority of people was against it.________________________________________________答案：was→were3．That makes me think of Lagos, which may be the third large city on the planet by the end of the decade.________________________________________________答案：large→largest4．We're dealing with probably the biggest missing link in that we know about human evolution.________________________________________________答案：that→what5．A great many of people gain a great deal of information from the Internet.________________________________________________答案：去掉many后的ofⅢ.教材微写作A．根据提示完成句子1．众所周知，自从1978年改革以来，中国经历了移民大潮。(immigration)________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：As we all know, China has experienced immigration movements since the reform in 1978.2．据报道成千上万的农民从农村涌向城市。(It is reported that ...)________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：It is reported that thousands of farmers from the countryside crowded into the cities.3．尽管辛苦，他们中的多数人都能适应城市生活。(make a life)________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：The majority of them can make a life in the cities despite the great hardship.4．有些农民甚至申请了城市居住权，以享受和当地人一样的权利。(apply for)________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Some even have applied for the right to live in the city and enjoy the same rights as the local people.5．并且他们通过努力工作为城市的繁荣做出了贡献，自己也过上了幸福的生活。(by means of; boom)________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：In addition, they have made great contributions to the boom of the cities by means of working hard and live a happy life.B．将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文，注意书写规范答案：As we all know, China has experienced immigration movements since the reform in 1978. It is reported that thousands of farmers from the countryside crowded into the cities. The majority of them can make a life in the cities despite the great hardship. Some even have applied for the right to live in the city and enjoy the same rights as the local people. In addition, they have made great contributions to the boom of the cities by means of working hard and live a happy life.