天津市耀华中学2020届高三上学期第一次月考英语试题

天津市耀华中学2020届高三第一学期第一次月考英语
一、单选
1.——I'm going to Paris next week.
——____________! So am I
A. Wish you good luck B. What a coincidence
C. Don't mention it D. Good trip
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——我下周要去巴黎。——太巧了！我也要去。A. Wish you good luck“祝你好运”；B. What a coincidence“巧合，一致”；C. Don't mention it“不要客气”；D. Good trip好旅行。两个人不约而同，要去同一个地方，所以这是一种“巧合”。故选B。
2.Compared with those brought up in harmonious families, children repeatedly exposed to violence are more likely to be ________ when they grow up.
A. available B. aggressive C. admirable D. attractive
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与那些在和谐家庭中长大的孩子相比，反复接触暴力的孩子长大后更有可能具有攻击性。A. available可得到的；B. aggressive好斗的；C. admirable令人钦佩的；D. attractive有吸引力的。根据“exposed to violence”可知此处表示“好斗的、侵略性的”，故B项正确。
3.--- I’m sorry that I didn’t answer your phone call just now because I _______ a meeting.
--- It doesn’t matter.
A. would have
B. was having
C. had had
D. has had
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：--对不起，我刚才没有接你的电话，因为我正在开会。--没关系。分析可知，“because I _______ a meeting.”应是解释没能接上电话的原因，表述当时处于的一种状态或情境中，应用过去进行时。故选B项。
4.There are hundreds of scenes in English novels _______ characters walk through a landscape of fallen leaves _________ mirrors the feelings of the characters.
A. where; that
B. that; when
C. which; where
D. when; which
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在英文小说中，有数百个场景中，人物走过一片落叶的风景，这反映了人物的情感。分析可知，第一个空所在句“_______ characters walk through a landscape of fallen leaves”应为之前名词“scenes（场景）”的定语从句，先行词在从句中担当地点状语，即还原从句为：characters walk through a landscape of fallen leaves in the scenes(人物在场景中走过一片落叶), 因此应用关系副词where。第二个空所在句“_________ mirrors the feelings of the characters.”为之前名词短语fallen leaves(落叶)的定语从句，先行词在从句中担当主语，应用关系代词which/that引导。故选A项。
5.Olympic athletes bring joy to people across the world with their____________ to push the boundaries of human achievement.
A. intelligence B. influences C. impression D. attempts
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：奥运健儿们努力突破人类成就的极限，为全世界人民带来了欢乐。A. intelligence智力，理解力；B. influences 影响；C. impression印象，效果；D. attempts企图，试图。结合句意可知D项符合语境。
6.The goods ________ from the Internet are cheaper than ________ we buy in shops.
A. be bought; that
B. bought; those
C. bought; that
D. were bought; the ones
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词和代词。句意：从网上买的东西比我们在商店买的便宜。分析可知，句中谓语为“are”，所填空应作非谓语。动词“buy” 与之前名词之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，因此用bought。在比较状语从句中，为避免重复，当比较对象一致时，用that/those代替。the goods 为复数概念，应用those。故选B项。
7.I had no idea that one simple comment would ________ such a huge argument.
A. go out
B. go off
C. set out
D. set off
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我不知道一个简单的评论会引起这么大的争论。A. go out出去；熄灭；过时；B. go off离开；进行；变质；睡去；断掉；爆炸；C. set out出发；开始；陈述；陈列；D. set off出发；引起；动身；使爆炸；抵销；分开。结合句意可知，comment为原因，argument为结果，评论引起争论。D项set off有“引起”含义。故选D项。
8.What difficulty _____you have ______the problem?
A. you think; solving B. do you think; to solve
C. do you think; solving D. you think; to solve
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查插入语和动词短语。句中do you think是插入语，动词短语have difficulty in doing sth做某事有困难。句意：你认为他解决这个问题有什么困难？AD项语序错误，B项第二空应该使用动名词形式。故C项正确。
9.Dennis turned up at the hospital ________ gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby, who appreciated his visit and good will.
A. bearing
B. collecting
C. opening
D. making
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：丹尼斯出现在医院，带着礼物给新妈妈林赛和她的孩子，他们很感激他的来访和善意。A. bearing忍受，承受；经得起；携带；B. collecting收集；C. opening打开；D. making制作；使让。分析可知，所填动词应与之后宾语gifts 搭配，bear gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby, 意为“带着礼物给新妈妈林赛和她的孩子”符合句意，此处与主语是逻辑主谓关系，应使用现在分词做状语，表主动。故选A项。
10.It was the middle of the night _______ the sound of the piano woke me up.
A. because
B. if
C. that
D. when
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我是在半夜被钢琴声吵醒的。分析句子结构可知“_______ the sound of the piano woke me up.”为之前名词短语“the middle of the night(午夜)”的定语从句。先行词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故选D项。
【点睛】强调句和定语从句好判断
“It is” 开头的句式中，很容易会将其看作为强调句的标志，会选择that。但是，其实也会考查定语从句；尤其是be动词后出现时间名词或地点名词时。如何判断？可以利用句式结构巧妙的判断。
若句式结构为“It is/was +介词+地点名词/时间名词+______ +主语+谓语……”，则考查强调句。空处选择that。若句式结构为“It is/was +地点名词/时间名词+______ +主语+谓语……”则考查定语从句。空处根据地点名词或时间名词选择where或when。比如本题结构：It was +时间名词+______ +主语+谓语……，因此可判断为考查定语从句。根据时间名词，选择when。
11.The tea-picking opera _____ developed from the tea-growing regions in Jiangxi where the tea pickers would sing songs while working.
A. luckily B. skillfully C. originally D. rapidly
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查副词辨析。A. luckily 幸运地；B. skillfully 巧妙地；C. originally最初，起初；D. rapidly迅速地。句意：采茶戏最初是由江西采茶人一边工作一边唱歌的茶区发展而来的。故选C。
12.--- I called you last night, but no one answered.
--- Sorry, I _______ sleeping.
A. must have been
B. would have been
C. must be
D. could be
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词和时态。句意：——昨晚我给你打电话了，但没人接。——对不起，我一定是睡着了。分析可知，前文提及打电话无人应答，后文解释原因：肯定当时在睡觉。must have been doing表示肯定当时正在做某事，符合语境要求。C项must be doing表示肯定现在正在做某事，与语境不符。故选A项。
13.Music treatment involves a specialist playing an instrument or singing _______ the patient’s mood.
A. by means of
B. on behalf of
C. on account of
D. in response to
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：音乐治疗包括根据病人的情绪，由专家演奏乐器或唱歌。A. by means of用，依靠；B. on behalf of代表，为了；C. on account of由于，因为，为了……的缘故；D. in response to响应，回答，对……有反应。分析结合句意可知，音乐疗法是需要依据病人的情绪的。故选D项。
14.The prize winner described to the class ________ he had managed to achieve excellence in his study.
A. what B. how C. which D. whether
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查连接词辨析。句意：获奖者向全班同学描述了他是如何设法在学习上取得优异成绩的。A. what什么；B. how如何；C. which哪个；D. whether是否。本句为宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，表示“如何”用how，故选B。
【点睛】名词性从句关键在于三点：一、找准从句在主句中充当的成分即分出是名词性从句的主语句、宾语从句、表语从句还是同位语从句。二、连接词从句中充当的成分（主、宾、定或状语或不做任何成分）三、弄清楚每个连接词的意义。此外还要注意，近年来高考对于名词性从句的考查多从名词性从句的语序和连接词的用法区别上考查。
15.—I can drive you home.
—____ , but are you sure it’s not too much trouble?
A. That would be great B. Don’t bother
C. I’m afraid not D. Take care
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查交际用语。句意：我载你回家。太好了，但你确定没给添麻烦吗？A. That would be great太好了；B. Don’t bother不用麻烦了；C. I’m afraid not恐怕不行；D. Take care当心。根据are you sure it’s not too much trouble?可知，此处表示同意，故选A项。
考点：考查情景交际。
【名师点睛】情景交际顾名思义就要根据情景来进行作答，所以语境的判断是十分重要的，根据are you sure it’s not too much trouble可知，此处表示同意，故可以很顺利找到答案。注意此类题三个步骤，一仔细审题，明确大意；二，分析圣诞，试填答案；三全题复读，融会贯通。

二、完形：
In October, I told the eight-year-olds about my plan. “I’ d like all of you to do extra jobs to _____16_____ some money. Then we’ll buy food for a Thanksgiving dinner for someone who might not have a nice dinner _____17_____.” I wanted the children to ______18______ that it’s more blessed to give than to _____19_____. I wanted them to understand that religion is ______20______ nice theological (神学的）ideas; that people somehow have to make it come ______21______.
Early in the week, the boys and girls arrived in class seizing their hard-earned money and couldn’t wait to go shopping. I watched ______22______ they ran up and down the supermarket aisles. ______23______, we headed toward the checkout. Then someone ______24______ a “necessity” that sent them racing.
“Flowers!” kristine cried. The group rushed toward the holiday _____25_____. I pronounced, “You can’t eat flowers.” “But Mrs. Sherlock, we want flowers.” ____26____, I sighed as the children moved a pot of purple mums (菊花) into the cart.
Then we set off for the house of a needy grandmother and finally ____27____ in front of a small house in the woods. A woman with a tired face came to the door to ____28____ us. My little group hurried to get the turkey and the trimmings. As each box was carried in, the old woman thanked us — much to children’s ____29____. When Amy put the mums on the counter, the woman seemed surprised.
We returned to the car. Fastening seat belts, we could see the kitchen window. The woman inside waved goodbye, then turned and walked across the room, past the turkey, past the trimmings, ____30____ to the mums. She put her face in the flowers. When she raised her head, there was a _____31_____ on her lips. She was transformed before our eyes. The children were quiet. In that one brief ____32____, they had seen for themselves the ____33____ they possessed to make another’s life ____34____. The children had ____35____ that sometimes a person needs a pot of funny flowers on a dark November day.
16. A. spend B. earn C. withdraw D. save
17. A. either B. though C. otherwise D. anyway
18. A. experience B. expect C. advocate D. clarify
19. A. enjoy B. receive C. accumulate D. share
20. A. better than B. rather than C. other than D. more than
21. A. alive B. wrong C. fresh D. fair
22. A. until B. before C. as D. since
23. A. Gradually B. Eventually C. Frequently D. Occasionally
24. A. observed B. confirmed C. recognized D. spotted
25. A. plants B. lights C. cards D. foods
26. A. Panicked B. Moved C. Defeated D. Determined
27. A. pulled up B. settled down C. turned out D. got through
28. A. accompany B. welcome C. inspect D. instruct
29. A. puzzle B. astonishment C. pleasure D. disappointment
30. A. straight B. abruptly C. gradually D. close
31. A. terror B. shock C. pain D. smile
32. A. chance B. decision C. moment D. condition
33. A. energy B. power C. talent D. interest
34. A. wealthier B. healthier C. easier D. better
35. A. sensed B. noticed C. marked D. checked
【答案】16. B 17. C 18. A 19. B 20. D 21. A 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. A 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. A 31. D 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者带领孩子们在感恩节时对需要的人提供帮助的过程：去赚额外的的钱，到超市购物，去看望困境中的女士。从而让孩子们亲身体验到了别人的感恩，意识到自己有能够使人生活更好的力量。
【16题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我希望你们都做些额外的工作来挣钱。 A. spend花费，度过；B. earn赚得，获得；C. withdraw撤退，收回，撤消，（从银行）取钱；D. save节省，保存，储蓄，解救。根据前文提示“do extra jobs(做额外的工作)”可知，做额外的工作是为了赚钱（earn money）。故选B项。
【17题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后，我们会为那些可能不会有一顿好晚餐的人买感恩节晚餐的食物。A. either也，而且；B. though虽然，不过，然而；C. otherwise否则，另外，在其他方面；D. anyway无论如何，不管怎样；总之。根据语境可知，此处表转折“然而”。故选C项。
【18题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想让孩子们体验给予比接受更有福。A. experience经历，体验；B. expect期待，期望；C. advocate提倡，拥护；D. clarify澄清，阐明。根据句意和语境可知，作者要让孩子们亲身体验到“施比受更有福”。故选A项。
【19题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想让孩子们体验给予比接受更有福。A. enjoy享受，喜欢；B. receive收到，C. accumulate积攒；D. share分享。根据句意和语境，与前文提及的“give（给与）”相对应的应是“receive（收到）”。故选B项。
【20题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：我想让他们明白，宗教不仅仅是美好的神学思想。A. better than超过，多于，好于；B. rather than而不是，宁可……也不愿；C. other than除了，不同于；D. more than多于，超出，比……多。根据句意和语境，作者想要阐述宗教不仅仅是神学。more than +名词短语，意为“不仅仅”。故选D项。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我想让他们明白，宗教不仅仅是美好的神学思想：人们必须让它活起来。A. alive活着的，活泼的；B. wrong错误的；C. fresh新鲜的；D. fair公平的。come alive是固定结构，意为“活跃起来，看上去像真的”,用在句中表示让宗教观点更现实。故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：我看着他们在超市的过道里跑来跑去。A. until直到；B. before在……之前；C. as随着，当……时候；D. since自从……以来，既然。根据句意和语境可知，在孩子们在超市里跑来跑去时，作者在看着。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，我们走向收银台。A. Gradually逐渐地；B. Eventually最终；C. Frequently 频繁地；D. Occasionally偶尔地。根据句意和语境可知，作者和孩子们已经挑选完商品，准备结账，所选单词应带有“时间顺序性”感情色彩。故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来有人发现了一种“必需品”，于是他们就跑了起来。A. observed观察，遵守；B. confirmed确认；C. recognized辨认，认出；D. spotted看到，弄脏。根据句意和语境可知，主语“someone”应指代其中一个孩子，“necessity”应指代孩子想要的东西，即下文提及的“花”，所以动词应是“看到”。故选D项。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这群人冲向假日植物。A. plants植物；B. lights等；C. cards卡片；D. foods食物。根据后文“you can’t eat flowers.”可知，孩子们奔向的是花。故选A项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当孩子们把一盆紫色的菊花放进车里时，我叹了口气。A. Panicked恐慌的，惊慌失措的；B. Moved感动的；C. Defeated被击败的，受挫的，泄气的；D. Determined决定了的，坚决的。根据句意和语境可知，后文“sighed(叹气)”以及the children moved a pot of purple mums into the cart(孩子们把一盆紫色的菊花放进车里)描述了作者对孩子们举动的无奈。故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：然后我们出发去了一个贫困祖母的房子，最后在树林里的一所小房子前停了下来。A. pulled up拔起，停下来，阻止；B. settled down定居，安定下来；C. turned out（以某种方式）发生，最后是；D. got through通过，熬过(困难时期等)。前文提及“set off for（出发去某地）”，因此后文提及“in front of a small house in the woods(在森林里的一所小房子前面)”, 应为停车地点。故选A项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一位面容疲惫女士来到门口欢迎我们。A. accompany陪伴，伴随；B. welcome欢迎，迎接；C. inspect检查，视察，检阅；D. instruct指导，通知。根据句意和语境可知，一位女士开门迎接我们。故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当每个箱子被抬进来时，女士向我们道谢——孩子们高兴极了。 A. puzzle谜，困惑；B. astonishment惊讶，令人惊讶的事物；C. pleasure快乐，令人高兴的事；D. disappointment失望。根据句意和语境可知，孩子们得到了女士的感谢，很高兴。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：女士在厨房里面挥手告别，然后转身穿过房间，经过火鸡，经过配料，径直走向紫色菊花。A. straight直接地，不断地；B. abruptly突然地，唐突地；C. gradually逐渐地；D. close紧密地，接近地。根据后文“she put her face in the flowers”, 可知，这位女士走过了其他物品直接走到了花前。故选A项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她抬起头时，她的唇上露出了笑容。A. terror恐惧；B. shock震惊；C. pain痛苦；D. smile微笑。根据后文“on her lips（在她的嘴唇）”可以判断她笑了。故选D项。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：就在那一刹那，他们亲眼看到了自己拥有的使别人生活得更好的力量。A. chance 机会；B. decision决定；C. moment时刻；D. condition条件，状况。“in that one brief moment” 固定结构，意为“在那一瞬间”，指这位女士抬头微笑的那个时刻。故选C项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：就在那一刹那，他们亲眼看到了自己拥有的使别人生活得更好的力量。A. energy能量，精力；B. power权力，能力；C. talent天赋；D. interest兴趣。根据句意和语境可知，此处强调孩子们亲眼见证自己有能力可以使其他人的生活发生改变。故选B项。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：就在那一刹那，他们亲眼看到了自己拥有的使别人生活得更好的力量。A. wealthier更富有的；B. healthier更健康的；C. easier更容易的；D. better更好的。根据句意和语境可知，所选形容词作“life(生活)”的宾语补足语，应是使别人的生活更好。故选D项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：孩子们已经意识到，在一个黑暗的十一月天，有时一个人需要一盆有趣的花。A. sensed感到，意识到；B. noticed注意到；C. marked标志；D. checked检查，核对。根据句意和语境可知，孩子们意识到了花有时也是有人需要的。故选A项。
【点睛】完形填空之基调一致原则
基调一致原则是指作者在描述人物或事件时所体现的个人感情色彩，褒贬一致。因此在选择时可以依据此原则选出正确答案。本文在讲述过程中，作者保持了积极向上的的基调，因此比如文章第14小题：
As each box was carried in, the old woman thanked us -- much to children’s ____14____.
14. A. puzzle B. astonishment C. pleasure D. disappointment
选择名词，空前有“thanked”，且孩子们在做一件好事，故应选择基调积极的形容词pleasure。
再比如文章第16小题：
When she raised her head, there was a _____16_____ on her lips.
16. A. terror B. shock C. pain D. smile
根据基调一致原则，本题选择D项smile。
三、阅读理解：
A
The Adventures of Amilya Rose: The Lie
By Chavonne D. Stewart, Jasmine Mills, published in 2014
Enter for a chance to win a copy of the book. It is the first book in a surprising series of children’s books. That’s fun and exciting but teaches kids valuable lessons.
Chester and Gus
By Cammie McGoven, published in 2017
Chester has always wanted to become a service dog. When he fails his certification test, though, it seems that dream might never come true--- until a family adopts him to be a companion for their ten-year-old son, Gus. But Gus acts so differently from anyone Chester has ever met. He never wants to pet Chester. Chester’s not sure how to help Gus, but he’s determined to figure it out and show he’s the right dog for the job.
Invisible Emmie
By Terri Libenson, published in 2017
The novel tells the story of two totally different little girls in a class — quiet, shy and artistic Emmie and popular, outgoing, athletic Katie-- and how their lives unexpectedly connected one day, when an embarrassing note falls into the wrong hands. Emmie eventually learns to speak up for herself, realizing that being social isn’t as impossible as she thought.
Ocean Meets Sky
By Terry Fan, Eric Fan, published in 2018
“Young readers will be attracted.”— The Washington Post.
Finn lives by the sea and the sea lives by him. Every time he looks out of his window, it’s a constant reminder of the stories that his grandfather told him about the place where the ocean meets the sky. Finn’s grandfather has gone but Finn knows the perfect way to honor him. He’ll build his own ship and sail out to find this magical place himself! And when he arrives, maybe he’ll find something he didn’t know he was looking for.
36. Which book is related to the loss of loved ones?
A. The Adventures of Amilya Rose: The Lie
B. Chester and Gus
C. Invisible Emmie
D. Ocean Meets Sky
37. Why is Chester adopted by a family?
A. To make him accompany a boy
B. To make him do the right job
C. To help a boy realize his dream
D. To help him pass his certification test
38. What can we know about The Adventures of Amilya Rose: The Lie?
A. It may be gained for free
B. It’s the first children’s book in 20015
C It’s only for children’s fun
D. It’s mainly about teacher’s lessons
39. Who wrote the story about the relationship between classmates?
A. Chavonne D. Stewart and Jasmine Mills
B. Cammie McGovern
C. Terri Libenson
D. Terry Fan and Eric Fan
40. What kind of book do these four books belong to?
A. Adult novel
B. Children’s literature
C. Moral stories
D. Adventure literature
【答案】36. D 37. A 38. A 39. C 40. B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几本儿童文学书籍。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章Ocean Meets Sky部分句子：Finn’s grandfather has gone but Finn knows the perfect way to honor him.（芬恩的祖父去世了，但芬恩知道纪念他的最佳方式）可知，Ocean Meets Sky 涉及失去亲人。故选D项。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章Chester and Gus部分句子：a family adopts him to be a companion for their ten-year-old son, Gus.（一个家庭收养了它作为他们十岁儿子格斯的伴侣）可知，收养它是为了陪伴自己的孩子。故选A项。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章The Adventures of Amilya Rose: The Lie部分内容：By Chavonne D. Stewart, Jasmine Mills, published in 2014；Enter for a chance to win a copy of the book. It is the first book in a surprising series of children's books. That's fun and exciting but teaches kids valuable lessons.（查冯·D·斯图尔特(Chavonne D. Stewart)，贾斯敏·米尔斯(Jasmine Mills)， 2014年出版；报名参加一个赢得这本书的机会。这是一系列令人惊讶的儿童书籍中的第一本书。这本书是有趣和令人兴奋的，但也教给孩子有价值的课程）可知，这本书可以作为奖品，报名参加可赢得。A项It may be gained for free论述正确。故选A项。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章Invisible Emmie部分句子：By Terri Libenson, published in 2017.The novel tells the story of two totally different little girls in a class — quiet, shy and artistic Emmie and popular, outgoing, athletic Katie(特里·利本森(Terri Libenson)著，2017年出版。小说讲述了一个班级里两个完全不同的小女孩的故事——安静、害羞、有艺术气质的埃米和受欢迎、外向、喜欢运动的凯蒂)可知，这本书涉及了同学关系。故选C项。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据各书涉及内容均与孩子有关。因此这些书应属于儿童文学。故选B项。
B
A federal judge in California has dismissed a lawsuit against the Coca-Cola company which argued that Diet Coke misled people to believe the drink would help them lose weight.
The case was brought by Shana Becerra who said that she had bought and drank Diet Coke because she believed it would contribute to weight loss and healthy weight management. She alleged that Diet Coke had the opposite effect, citing studies that she claimed showed sweeteners with no nutritional value like those used in Diet Coke caused weight gain and increased risk of certain diseases.
Although Coca-Cola’s arguments against the suit were not adequate, Judge William Alsup said the prosecutor (检察官) failed to show that consumers were likely to be deceived by the advertising.
Alsup dismissed the case because Becerra had not met the requirement that “members of the public are likely to be deceived”. “In supermarkets, Diet Coke is displayed next to regular soft drinks and is not sold in the health-food section. Reasonable consumers would understand that Diet Coke merely deletes the calories usually present in regular Coke, and that the caloric reduction will lead to weight loss only as part of an overall sensible diet and exercise regimen (养生法) dependent on individual metabolism (新陈代谢),” Alsup said in the decision.
Alsup said the studies cited by Becerra suggest a connection between Diet Coke-type drinks and weight gain, but they do not suggest causation. He added that one of the studies even says that weight gain is “due to the behavior of consumers, rather than the effects of non-nutritive sweeteners.” Alsup also rejected the idea that Diet Coke advertising would suggest advertising will feature healthy and attractive consumers enjoying the subject products and will not star the unhealthy and unfit.”
The decision on Tuesday, said that the prosecutor has until March 22 to file a motion to amend the complaint. A spokesperson for the Coca-Cola company said they were content with the fact that the court dismissed prosecutor baseless complaint.
41. What was the lawsuit against?
A. One of Coca-Cola’s drinks made people think it would make them thinner.
B. The Coca-Cola company misled people to believe the safety of its products.
C. The advertisements exaggerated the health effects of Diet Coke.
D. The judge discriminated the consumers in favor of the Coco-Cola company.
42. What are the side effects of sweeteners?
A. They stimulate people’s spirits and make them energetic.
B. They increase people’s weight and the potential possibility of getting sick.
C. They provide nutritious refreshment for fat consumers.
D. They add a nice touch to the soft drinks and make them popular.
43. Why did Judge William Alsup dismiss the charge?
A. Because the prosecutor couldn’t provide solid evidence to support her lawsuit.
B. Because the Coca-Cola company didn’t do anything wrong.
C. Because he was reasonable enough to know the effects of soft drinks.
D. Because the consumer made no sense in this lawsuit.
44. According to Alsup, how can people lose weight with Diet Coke?
A. They should reduce the calories they take in.
B. They should replace the regular Coca with Diet Coke.
C. They should reduce their drinking of Diet Coke.
D. They should pay attention to their diet and do exercise.
45. What was the Coca-Cola company’s attitude towards the Judge’s decision?
A. Angry.
B. Regretful.
C. Pleased.
D. Shameful.
【答案】41. A 42. B 43. A 44. D 45. C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了对于可口可公司一款标榜瘦身的饮料的诉讼被驳回以及法官的对此的裁决评价。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容：A federal judge in California has dismissed a lawsuit against the Coca-Cola company which argued that Diet Coke misled people to believe the drink would help them lose weight.（加州一名联邦法官驳回了针对可口可乐公司的诉讼，该公司称健怡可乐误导人们相信这种饮料可以帮助他们减肥）可知，驳回的诉讼与可口可乐公司的某种瘦身饮料有关。故选A项。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段第2句内容：She alleged that Diet Coke had the opposite effect, citing studies that she claimed showed sweeteners with no nutritional value like those used in Diet Coke caused weight gain and increased risk of certain diseases.（她声称健怡可乐有相反的效果，她引用的研究表明，与健怡可乐中使用的甜味剂一样，没有营养价值的甜味剂会导致体重增加，增加患某些疾病的风险）可知，甜味剂会导致肥胖且增加患病可能。故选B项。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段第1句内容：Alsup dismissed the case because Becerra had not met the requirement that “members of the public are likely to be deceived”.（Alsup驳回了这个案子，因为Becerra没有达到“公众可能被欺骗”的要求）和第五段第1句内容：Alsup said the studies cited by Becerra suggest a connection between Diet Coke-type drinks and weight gain, but they do not suggest causation.（Alsup说，Becerra引用的研究表明了健怡可乐类饮料和体重增加之间的联系，但他们没有提出因果关系）可知，诉讼被驳回是因为诉讼证据并不确凿。故选A项。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段第3句内容：“…the caloric reduction will lead to weight loss only as part of an overall sensible diet and exercise regimen dependent on individual metabolism,” Alsup said in the decision.（Alsup在决定中说：“热量的减少只会导致体重减轻，这只是合理饮食和锻炼方案的一部分，具体取决于个人的新陈代谢。”）可知，他认为减肥需要饮食和运动相结合。故选D项。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章末段末句内容：A spokesperson for the Coca-Cola company said they were content with the fact that the court dismissed prosecutor baseless complaint.（可口可乐公司的一名发言人表示，他们对法院驳回检察官毫无根据的指控感到满意）可知，可口可乐公司对于法官决议表示满意。故选C项。
【点睛】阅读理解中的态度推理题比较好判断：
语气态度往往不会直接写在文章里，只能通过细读文章，从作者的选词及其修饰手段中体会出来。询问语气态度的题，选项里常出现的词是：neutral（中立的）， sympathetic（同情的）， satisfied（满意的）， friendly（友好的）， enthusiastic（热情的）， subjective（主观的）， objective（客观的）， matter-of-fact（实事求是的）， pessimistic（悲观的）， optimistic（乐观的）， critical（批评的）， doubtful（怀疑的）， hostile（敌对的）， indifferent（冷淡的）， disappointed（失望的）。比如文章最后一题：
5. What was the Coca-Cola company’s attitude towards the Judge’s decision?
A. Angry.
B. Regretful.
C. Pleased.
D. Shameful.
询问可口可乐公司对于驳回诉讼的态度。文章末尾提及：A spokesperson for the Coca-Cola company said they were content with the fact that the court dismissed prosecutor baseless complaint.语句中用到了be content with（对……感到满意），因此选项C符合态度。
C
When author Nicholas Carr began researching his book on whether the Internet is ruining our minds, he restricted his online access and e-mail. His new book argues the latest technology renders us less capable of deep thinking. Carr found himself so distracted (分心的) that he couldn’t work on the book while staying as connected. After first feeling confused by his sudden lack of online connection, he was able to stay focused on one task for a long period within several weeks.
Reading on the Internet has changed how we use our brains. Facing much text, video, music, links to other web pages and blogs, our minds have become used to skimming and scanning information. As a result, we have developed sharper skills at making fast decision, particularly visual ones, Carr wrote.
But now most of us seldom read books, long articles that would help us focus. We are becoming more like librarians than scholars who digest and interpret information. That lack of focus hinders (妨碍)our long-term memory, leading many of us to feel distracted, he wrote.
“What we are losing is a whole other set of mental skills, the ones that require not the shifting of our focus but the maintaining of our focus,” Carr said, adding that for centuries books shielded (保护)our brains from distraction, focusing our minds on one topic at a time.
But with devices such as Apple’s iPad becoming common, Carr predicts books too will change. “New forms of reading always require new forms of writing,” he wrote. Carr has a suggestion for those who feel web surfing has left them incapable of concentration — slow down, turn off the Internet and practice the skills of contemplation (思考)and reflection. “It is pretty clear from the brain science that if you are constantly distracted, you are not going to think in the same way that you would think if you paid attention.”
46. The underline word “renders” can be replaced by ________.
A. causes
B. prevents
C. protects
D. sharpens
47. What topic is Carr’s new book mainly concentrating on?
A. Whether there is no need for us to surf the Internet
B. How the Internet changes our method of writing
C. Whether our minds are being influenced by the Internet
D. What we should do when we are surfing the Internet
48. What did Carr feel after he limited his time online several weeks later?
A. Anxious
B. Concentrated
C. Relaxed
D. Puzzled
49. Carr says we are becoming kind of librarians mainly because__________.
A. we are able to find information online quickly
B. we often feel bored of the information online
C. we are good at using our mental skills online
D. we have to focus on so much information online
50. For those who are often distracted by the Internet, Carr suggests that they should _________.
A. read more books besides surfing the Internet
B spend less time in surfing the Internet at a deep night
C. often slow down their pace of modern living
D. often get away from the disturbing of the Internet
【答案】46. A 47. C 48. B 49. A 50. D
【解析】
这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了现代科技尤其是网络对于人的大脑专注力的影响。
【46题详解】
词义猜测题。由上一句When author Nicholas Carr began researching his book on whether the Internet is ruining our minds, he restricted his online access and e-mail.可知，Nicholas Carr开始研究网络是否影响思考能力。划线词后面的less capable of deep thinking（深度思考能力下降）是the latest technology（最新的科技）带来的不好的结果，由此推知render的意思是“引起，导致”。故选A。
【47题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的When author Nicholas Carr began researching his book on whether the Internet is ruining our minds, he restricted his online access and e-mail.（当作家尼古拉斯·卡尔开始研究他的书《互联网是否正在毁灭我们的思想》时，他限制了自己的在线访问和电子邮件）可知，他的新书论证的主题是：我们的大脑思维是否受到互联网的影响。故选C项。
【48题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段末句：After first feeling confused by his sudden lack of online connection, he was able to stay focused on one task for a long period within several weeks.（刚开始的时候，他对突然间无法上网感到很困惑，但在接下来的几周内，他能够长时间专注于一项任务）可知，他感觉自己能够全神贯注了。故选B项。
49题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段第2，3句内容：Facing much text, video, music, links to other web pages and blogs, our minds have become used to skimming and scanning information. As a result, we have developed sharper skills at making fast decision, particularly visual ones, Carr wrote.（面对大量的文本、视频、音乐、其他网页和博客的链接，我们的大脑已经习惯于浏览和浏览信息。结果，我们在快速决策方面，尤其是视觉决策方面，培养了更敏锐的技能，卡尔写道）可知，我们更像图书管理员是因为网络上的信息繁多，需要快速决策。故选A项。
【50题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章末段第3句内容：Carr has a suggestion for those who feel web surfing has left them incapable of concentration-- slow down, turn off the Internet and practice the skills of contemplation and reflection.（对于那些觉得上网让他们无法集中注意力的人，卡尔有个建议——放慢速度，关掉互联网，练习沉思和反思的技巧）可知，对于那些经常被网络分心的人，卡尔建议他们应该远离网络的干扰。故选D项。
D
We may be living in the digital age, but reading books is still a big part of growing up. When they’re in primary school, children read books that really challenge them. But once they reach secondary school, the level of difficulty doesn’t change much. Secondary school students tend to read books which are also read by upper primary students. They are not challenging themselves enough.
To discover these trends, I analyzed data collected by Accelerated Reader (AR) software, which asks pupils to check their understanding of the books they’ve chosen to read. The difficulty — which I call “readability”.
I also created two lists of books: one for the books that most secondary pupils had chosen to read, and another for the books they had voted as their favorites. According to the readability, these students’ favorite books tend to be much more advanced than the other books they chose, but they could still understand them. The rest of the books most often chosen by them are quite simple.
You might think that students who read harder books might make more mistakes and understand them less well. But students’ quality of comprehension does not depend on the difficulty of the book, no matter what year of secondary school they’re in. Having an interest is the most obvious factor here — if you like the book, you try hard to really understand it.
As children become teenagers, they listen less to advice from adults and more to advice from kids of their age. So, rather than trying to lecture young people on the benefits of Jane Austen, we should make the nature of the problem clear to them. Students should challenge each other to read more difficult books. Adults could help by setting up noticeboards or organizing social media networks for young people to share their recommendations. And teachers can lend a hand by setting aside time for reading in school. Young people will realize the problems that come when they don’t challenge themselves to read difficult books.
51. What can we learn from the first paragraph?
A. Children spend little time on after-class reading
B. Secondary school students seldom read tough books
C. Children’s reading interest tends to decrease as they grow up
D. Primary students have difficulty choosing good reading materials
52. The author made use of AR software to ________.
A. understand children’s different reading styles
B. show the average time children spend on reading
C. find out the causes of children’s reading difficulties
D. make clear the difficulty levels of books read by children
53. What can we infer about secondary school students from the readability scores?
A. They find some advanced books interesting
B. They often make mistakes during advanced reading
C. They prefer to read books recommended by their parents
D. They can hardly improve their scores on reading comprehension
54. According to Paragraph 4, what is vital for improving reading comprehension?
A. Basic knowledge
B. Reading skills
C. Motivation
D. Instruction
55. What does the author want to express in the last paragraph?
A. Designing relatively difficult textbooks is necessary
B. Improving students’ reading is a shared responsibility
C. Advanced technology should be used in reading reaching
D. Students should be encouraged to read more literary works
【答案】51. B 52. D 53. A 54. C 55. B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。文章主要阐述了作者通过对初中生阅读能力的一项调查讨论了如何提高他们的阅读能力—兴趣动力。
【51题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段第3，4句内容：But once they reach secondary school, the level of difficulty doesn’t change much. Secondary school students tend to read books which are also read by upper primary students. They are not challenging themselves enough.（但是一旦他们进入中学，学习的难度并没有太大的变化。中学生喜欢读小学高年级学生也读的书。他们没有足够的挑战自己）可知，初中生在阅读难度方面没有提高。故选B项。
【52题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容: To discover these trends, I analyzed data collected by Accelerated Reader (AR) software, which asks pupils to check their understanding of the books they’ve chosen to read. The difficulty — which I call “readability”.（为了发现这些趋势，我分析了加速阅读(AR)软件收集的数据，该软件要求学生检查他们对所选书籍的理解。这个困难——我称之为“可读性”）可知，AR软件是用来评测学生阅读难度的。故选D项。
【53题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段第2句内容：According to the readability, these students’ favorite books tend to be much more advanced than the other books they chose, but they could still understand them. The rest of the books most often chosen by them are quite simple.（根据可读性，这些学生最喜欢的书往往比他们选择的其他书更高级/有难度，但他们仍然可以理解他们。他们最常选择的其他书都很简单）可知，A项They find some advanced books interesting（他们发现一些高级的书很有趣）属于合理推理。故选A项。
【54题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段末句：Having an interest is the most obvious factor here — if you like the book, you try hard to really understand it.（兴趣是最明显的因素——如果你喜欢这本书，你会努力去真正理解它）可知，兴趣或动力对于提高阅读理解能力来说很重要。故选C项。
【55题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章末段末尾内容：Students should challenge each other to read more difficult books. Adults could help by setting up noticeboards or organizing social media networks for young people to share their recommendations. And teachers can lend a hand by setting aside time for reading in school. Young people will realize the problems that come when they don’t challenge themselves to read difficult books.（学生们应该互相挑战，多读些难懂的书。成年人可以通过设立公告栏或组织社交媒体网络来帮助年轻人分享他们的推荐。老师可以通过在学校留出阅读时间来帮助学生。年轻人会意识到，如果他们不挑战自己去读难懂的书，问题就会出现）可知，作者在建议提高学生阅读能力方面，将责任分别划分到了学生、老师、家长身上。故选B项。
【点睛】阅读理解之事实细节题
事实细节题一般是直接理解性题目，这种题目比较简单，只要通读全文，了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节，就可以解答出来。有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。另外，还有一些题目要求对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子作出解释，则需要对有关的上下文提供的语境和信息、甚至对整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解和判断。比如文章第4小题：
4. According to Paragraph 4, what is vital for improving reading comprehension?
A. Basic knowledge
B. Reading skills
C. Motivation
D. Instruction
根据题干，可知本题属于事实细节理解题。定位原句：Having an interest is the most obvious factor here— if you like the book, you try hard to really understand it.可知，兴趣对于阅读来说很重要；兴趣是阅读的动力。因此，C项motivation（动力）就是对原文interest的概括总结，故C项为答案。
四
阅读表达
It’s not easy to be a stay-at-home military mom. From military bases to apartments to mobile home communities, the one thing we could always count on was moving. Goodbye to old friends, hello to new ones. From climate to climate and town to town, I found myself wondering if my children would ever be able to put down roots.
It’s true that I would be there for them, but money was always short, and sometimes my husband’s pay record would be lost for months. Pinching pennies became an art form. From dusk to dawn, I made my children’s clothing, often redesigning hand-me-downs (旧衣服). I was once asked what made me so creative. My answer was both brief and honest: desperation.
My children adjusted with courage and humor. Their strength amazed me. But with no extended family, I often wondered if they would ever feel that they had roots. Would my children be harmed in the long run without feeling roots? What could I do?
Then I began gardening. We planted an apple tree. South Carolina is not exactly the perfect apple state. But that was never the point. We just knew the tree we planted really set root there. We lived in the Charleston for nearly eight years and our garden grew larger each year.
Not long ago, we did a search on Google Earth, and we found the house that had contained the laughter and dreams that we shared for eight years in Charleston. We scanned closer and closer down, down, and down and there it was, our little apple tree, alive and well.
Bittersweet tears rolled down my cheeks as I remembered the day we planted that tree. It had survived hurricanes, drought, and much sorrow, and so had we. At that moment, I finally understood. The apple tree’s roots, growing deep in South Carolina soil, were much like our family. Deep in the soil of shared joys and sorrows, our roots are strong in one another, in faith and in love.
56. What bothered the author as a stay-at-home military mom?(no more than 5 words)
57. How do you understand the underline sentence in Paragraph 2?(no more than 10 words)
58. Why did the author begin gardening ? (no more than 10 words)
59. What did the author and her children search for on the Google Earth?(no more than 10 words)
60. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?(no more than 10 words)
【答案】56. Moving constantly/ very often/ all the time/ continually.
57. She had to be careful with money./ She had to try every means to save money.
58. To help her children feel they had roots.
59. Their house and apple tree in Charleston.
60. Their family and the apple tree can survive/ get through difficulty.
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一位“军人妈妈”，为了让孩子们感受到“有根可循”而做出的努力。
【56题详解】
细节理解题。根据题干定位到文章第一段第2句：From military bases to apartments to mobile home communities, the one thing we could always count on was moving.（从军事基地到公寓再到移动住宅社区，我们唯一能指望的就是搬家）可知使作者感到困扰的是“不断地搬家”。故答案为：Moving constantly/ very often/ all the time/ continually.
【57题详解】
词义猜测题。根据前文内容“…but money was always short…(但是总是缺钱)”以及后文“From dusk to dawn, I made my children’s clothing, often redesigning hand-me-downs（从黄昏到黎明，我为孩子们做衣服，经常重新设计旧衣服）可知，作者家里缺钱，需要节省，精打细算过日子。因此Pinching pennies became an art form.可以理解为精打细算。故答案为：She had to be careful with money. / She had to try every means to save money.
【58题详解】
推理判断题。根据前文一系列问句“Would my children be harmed in the long run without feeling roots? What could I do?（从长远来看，如果我的孩子没有根基，他们会受到伤害吗?我该怎么办呢？）可知，“then I began gardening”为作者认为的答案。因此，开始种植园艺是为了让孩子们感到有根可循。故答案为：To help her children feel they had roots.
【59题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段内容：Not long ago, we did a search on Google Earth, and we found the house that had contained the laughter and dreams that we shared for eight years in Charleston. We scanned closer and closer down, down, and down and there it was, our little apple tree, alive and well（不久前，我们在谷歌地球上进行了一次搜寻，我们找到了那座承载着我们在查尔斯顿八年共同的欢笑和梦想的房子。我们越看越近，越看越近，就在那里，我们的小苹果树，活得好好的）可知，他们在谷歌地球搜索到了自己曾住过的房子和栽种的苹果树。故答案为：Their house and apple tree in Charleston.
【60题详解】
主旨大意题。文章某段末尾两句为该段中心主旨句：The apple tree’s roots, growing deep in South Carolina soil, were much like our family. Deep in the soil of shared joys and sorrows, our roots are strong in one another, in faith and in love.( 苹果树的根深深地埋在南卡罗来纳的土壤里，很像我们的家。在这片悲欢与共的土地上，我们的根深深地扎在彼此身上，扎在信念和爱里)可知，该段主要以苹果树一样深深扎根，经历风雨而不倒且延展到作者一家的信念和爱。故答案为：Their family and the apple tree can survive/ get through difficulty.
五、书面表达：
61.近日，全国都在提倡垃圾分类，你所在的学校也积极响应。假设你叫李津，作为学生会主席，需要你向全体同学发表一篇演讲，内容包括：
1. 垃圾分类的意义
2. 在学校如何进行垃圾分类（如将可回收垃圾单独收集）
3. 希望大家积极参与
请你根据以上提示，增加细节，写一篇不少于100词的演讲稿。
注意：
1. 文章的开头已经给出
2. 参考词汇：垃圾分类rubbish classification
My fellow students:
I’m Li Jin, chairman of the Students’ Union.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear fellow students,
I'm Li Jin, chairman of the Students' Union.
Our school has launched a program of rubbish classification. Different kinds of garbage are required to be sorted out and placed in different dustbins. Paper can be recycled, while leftovers can be collected as food for pigs or processed as fertilizer for plants. Above all, such harmful things as plastics and used batteries should not be mixed with other wastes.
The program is of great benefit. We will be able to save resources by making use of recyclable garbage and harmful things will not pollute our environment after special treatment.
Let's work together for a better campus!
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一篇演讲稿，表达对校园垃圾分类的倡议。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时和一般将来时。
结构：四段式结构。第一段作自我介绍；第二段讲解在学校如何进行垃圾分类；第三段讲述垃圾分类的意义；第四段提出倡议。
要求：1.自我介绍
2.如何进行垃圾分类
1）中心主旨句：在校应进行垃圾分类（sort out）
2）细节支持句：分类阐述方法（paper；leftovers；plastic；used batteries）
3.垃圾分类意义（great benefit）
4.提出倡议（work together）
第二步：列提纲 （重点词组）
sort out; be recycled; be collected as; above all; be mixed with; be of great benefit; be able to; make use of; work together
第三步：连词成句
1. Different kinds of garbage are required to be sorted out and placed in different dustbins.
2. Paper can be recycled, while leftovers can be collected as food for pigs or processed as fertilizer for plants.
3. Above all, such harmful things as plastics and used batteries should not be mixed with other wastes.
4. The program is of great benefit.
5. We will be able to save resources by making use of recyclable garbage and harmful things will not pollute our environment after special treatment.
6. Let's work together for a better campus!
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
第五步：润色修改
【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。
作者在范文中使用了主从复合句，如：Paper can be recycled, while leftovers can be collected as food for pigs or processed as fertilizer for plants.这句话运用了while引导的状语从句。
使用了一些固定词组，如sort out; be recycled; be collected as; above all; be mixed with; be of great benefit; be able to; make use of; work together等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。