初中语法现在完成时态讲解及练习（无答案）

现在完成时态讲解及练习
一、现在完成时的构成
肯定句：主语+have/ has + done (过去分词)+其它
He has lived in Shenzhen for 4 years.
一般疑问句：Have/ Has +主语+ done (过去分词)+其它
Has he lived in Shenzhen for 4 years?
否定句: 主语+have/ has+ not + done (过去分词)+其它
He has not finished his homework.
过去分词的构成方法如下 :
1.一般情况下，直接在动词原形后面加 –ed.
work---worked　answer---answered　obey---obeyed　want---wanted 
2.以不发音的 -e 结尾的动词只加 –d. 
Move---moved　hope---hoped  divide---divided 
3.字尾是辅音+y的动词。则将y改i加ed.
study---studied tidy---tidied satisfy---satisfied
4.以重读闭音节结尾的词，这些词的末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母，再加 –ed. stop---stopped　regret--- regretted  drop---dropped
不规则动词过去式与过去分词分类记忆表

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一、AAA. （原形，过去式和过去分词一致）
1.
花费
cost
cost
cost
2.
割
cut
cut
cut
3.
伤害
hurt
hurt
hurt
4.
让
let
let
let
5.
放
put
put
put
6.
朗读
read
read
read
7.
设置
set
set
set
8.
打击，碰撞
hit
hit
hit
9.
关上门窗
shut
shut
shut
10.
让
let
let
let

二、ABB（过去式和过去分词一致）
1) 过去式、过去分词含有-ought
1.
带来
bring
brought
brought
2.
买
buy
bought
bought
3.
打架
fight
fought
fought
4.
想
think
thought
thought
5.
寻找、探究
seek
sought
sought
2) 过去式、过去分词含有-aught
5.
抓住
catch
caught
caught
6.
教
teach
taught
taught
3) 过去式、过去分词-t替换原形-d
7.
建筑
build
built
built
8.
借出
lend
lent
lent
9.
花费
spend
spent
spent
10.
派遣
send
sent
sent
4) 过去式、过去分词在原形词尾加t或d
11.
学会
learn
learnt/ed
learnt/ed
12.
意思
mean
meant
meant
13.
燃烧
burn
burnt/ed
burnted
13.
做梦
dream
dreamt/ed
dreamt/ed
13.
处理
deal
dealt
dealt
14.
听
hear
heard
heard
5） 过去式、过去分词改为-ept
15.
保持
keep
kept
kept
16.
睡觉
sleep
slept
slept
17.
扫
sweep
swept
swept
6） 过去式、过去分词改为-elt

18.
感觉
feel
felt
fel
19.
嗅
smell
smelt/ed
smelt/ed
20.
拼写
spell
spelt/ed
spelt/ed
7) 过去式、过去分词改为-aid
20.
孵蛋
lay
laid
laid
21.
说
say
said
said
22.
支付
pay
paid
paid
8) 过去式、过去分词改为-old
23.
卖
sell
sold
sold
24.
告诉
tell
told
told
9) 过去式、过去分词改为-ood
25
站
stand
stood
stood
26.
明白
understand
understood
understood

10) 其它变化
27.得到
get
got
got(gotten)
28.坐
sit
sat
sat
29.照顾
babysit
babysat
babysat
30.离开
leave
left
left
31.失去
lose
lost
lost
32.找到
find
found
found
33.有
have(has)
had
had
34.握住，召开
hold
held
held
35.制造
make
made
made
36.悬挂
hang
hung
hung
37.照耀
shine
shone
shone
39.赢
win
won
won
40逃跑
flee
fled
fled
41喂
feed
fed
fed
42.引导，导致
lead
led
led
43遇见
meet
met
met
三、ABA （过去式与原形一致）
1.
变成
became
become
become
2.
来
come
came
come
3.
跑
run
ran
run
四、 ABC （原形、过去式、过去分词各不一样）
1) . 过去分词在过去式或原形后加-n或-en


1.
击败
beat
beat
beaten
2.
破坏
break
broke
broken
3.
驾驶
drive
drove
driven
4.
吃
eat
ate
eaten
5.
落下
fall
fell
fallen
6.
给
give
gave
given
7.
生长
grow
grew
grown
8.
知道
know
knew
known
9.
吹
blow
blew
blown
10.
扔
throw
threw
thrown
11.
展示
show
showed
shown
12.
弄错
mistake
mistook
mistaken
13.
拿
take
took
taken
14.
摇动
shake
shook
shaken
15.
说
speak
spoke
spoken
16.
选择
choose
chose
chosen

2) 三种形式都有变化
1
是
be(is, am; are)
was; were
been
2
开始
begin
began
begun
3
做
do
did
Done
4
喝
drink
drank
drunk
5
飞
fly
flew
flown
6
忘记
forget
forgot
forgot/forgotten
7
躺
lie
lay
lain
8
骑
ride
rode
ridden
9
打电话
ring
rang
rung
10
唱
sing
sang
sung
11
穿
wear
wore
worn
12
游泳
swim
swan
swum
13
写
write
wrote
written
14
去
go
went
gone

二、现在完成时标志词：
recently; recent years; these days/ years; lately; since; for+时间段； in the past few years; ever since; in the last five months; up to now; since then; so far; ever; never, yet; once; twice; already; before; just
already (已经): 用于肯定句
I have already posted the letter .
yet(已经): 用于否定句,疑问句
He hasn’t done his homework yet.
just(刚刚)
They have just left.
ever(曾经)
Have you ever been to Beijing ?
never(从不)
I have never seen him .
before(以前)
Have you seen the film before?
since(自从…以来)
I’ve worked in the school since 1999.
for(长达)
He’s lived in Shenzhen for 6 years.
in the past several days / weeks/ years(在过去的…)
recently(最近)
I have not written to my parents recently.
so far(到目前为止)
So far she has learned 5 English songs.
up to now(到目前为止)
this morning/month/year(今天早上/这个月/今年)

三、现在完成时的用法
1) 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并对现在有影响。常与already(已经), yet(已经), just(刚刚),ever(曾经)等词连用.
Already， yet的用法
already: 常用于肯定句中. yet: 常用于否定句,疑问句尾.
Someone has broken the window. (窗户现在是坏的)
I have already lost the key. (我现在没有钥匙)
I haven’t read that book yet . (不了解书的内容)
I have just cleaned my hands. (手是干净的)
3) 现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for, since引导的时间短语或从句连用.
since , for 的用法:
since: (自…以来)
1)since+时间点
He has stayed here since 5 o’clock.
2)since+ 时间段+ ago
He has stayed here since 5 hours ago.
3)since+ 从句
for: (长达）
for+ 时间段
He has kept the book for 2 weeks.
She has learned English for 5 years.
He has lived in Beijing since he was born .
Have you stayed here since 3 o’clock?
四、have/has been to; have/has gone to; have/has been in
have /has been to 曾经去过某地，人已经回来了
have /has gone to 去了某地，人还没回来
have /has been in 去了某地并一直待在那
1. 我去过上海。 I have been to Shanghai twice.
2.---Where is Jim？ --He has gone to England．（尚未回来）
3. I have been in Shanghai for three years．我到上海已有三年了。

1、现在完成时的 "完成用法"
现在完成时的 "完成用法" 指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。
例如： He has turned off the light. 他已把灯关了。
( 动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况 -- 灯现在不亮了。)
现在完成时 "完成用法" 的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语 ( 如： already ， yet ， before ， recently 等 ) 、频度时间状语 ( 如： never ， ever ， once 等 ) 、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语 ( 如： this morning / month / year... ， today 等 ) 连用。
例如： Have you found your pen yet ？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？
2、现在完成时的 " 未完成用法 "
　现在完成时的 " 未完成用法 " 指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。
例如：
1. He has lived here since 1978/he moved here. 自从 1978 年以来，他一直住在这儿。
( 动作起始于 1978 年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)　
2. I have been in the army for more than 5 years. 我在部队已经呆了五年多了。
( 动作开始于 5 年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。)
此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语 ( 由 since 或 for 引导 ) ，或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语 ( 如： up to now ， so far 到目前为止 ) 等。
例如： I have heard nothing from him up to now. 到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。
3. 瞬间动词不能和时间段连用，瞬间动词转换成延续性动词：把动作换成状态
动作
状态
动作
状态
die
be dead
begin
be on
borrow/buy
kept/had
end/finish
be over
leave
be away
join
be in
arrive
be here
marry
be married
例如：
1.他的爷爷已经去世2年了。 His grandpa has been dead for 2 years.
2.Nick 参军3年了. Nick has been in the army for 3 years
3.他离开深圳好长时间了。He has been away from Shenzhen for a long time.
4.这本书我已借了4个月了I have had/kept the book for 4 months.

五、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
(1) 一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是" 助动词 have /has + 过去分词 " 。
如： The film started at 7 o'clock. He has been a teacher for many years.
(2) 一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如： yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 2002 等 ； 而现在完成时则常与 just, already, ever, never 等副词和 these days, this week, since..., for.../since...ago/ up to now/so far 等表示一段时间的状语连用。
(3 ) 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情，不强调对 " 现在 " 产生的影响。
如：He visited Guilin in 1998. 他 1998 年参观过桂林。 ( 只说明去桂林的时间 )
(4)现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成了影响或产生了结果。不与确定的过去时间状语连用。
如：Jill has bought a new computer. 吉尔买了一台新电脑。 ( 着重点是现在有了一台新电脑 )
看看以下的几组句子，有什么区别？
(A) Have you seen the film?  (B)Did you see the film?
[说明] 你看过这部电影吗？
(A) 句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解；
(B) 句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过，并不强调是否知道其内容。
(A) He has lived in Beijing for 8 years.  (B) He lived in Beijing for 8 years.
[说明] 他在北京住了 8 年。
(A) 句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了 8 年，可能还会继续在北京住下去。
(B) 句讲的是他在北京住过 8 年，现在不在北京了。

练 习
一、抄写动词以及过去式和过去分词。

1. be_______________-_________________
2. come_______________-_________________
3. go_______________-_________________
4. do_______________-_________________
5. have_______________-_________________
6. drink_______________-_________________
7. give_______________-_________________
8. eat_______________-_________________
9. know_______________-_________________
10. run_______________-_________________
11. say_______________-_________________
12. see_______________-_________________
13. find_______________-_________________
14. draw_______________-_________________
15. get_______________-_________________
16. hear_______________-_________________
17. begin_______________-_________________
18. buy_______________-_________________
19. leave_______________-_________________
20 become _______________-_________________
21 break _______________-_________________
22 bring _______________-_________________
23 build _______________-_________________
24 bite _______________-_________________
25 catch _______________-_________________
26 choose _______________-_________________
27 cut _______________-_________________
28 fall _______________-_________________
29 fly _______________-_________________
30 forget ________________-_________________
31 grow _______________-_________________
32 hit _______________-_________________
33 hurt _______________-_________________
34 keep _______________-_________________
35 lend _______________-_________________
36 lose ________________-_________________
37 meet _______________-_________________
38 put _______________-_________________
39 read _______________-_________________
40 ring _______________-_________________

二、用for 或since填空
1. Mr. Brown has had his TV ________ 15 years.
2. I’ve taken driving lessons _________ last month.
3. My sister has had her cell phone ________ a month .
4. My friends haven’t visited me ___________ my birthday.
5. We haven’t used our car ________ a long time .
6. She hasn’t had a good cup of coffee _________ years.
7. Tom has worn glasses _________ he was 7 years old.
8. Jill has been in Ireland _________ Monday.
9. Mr. Jason has been in Paris _______ three days.
10. My aunt has lived in Australia_______15days.
11. Margaret is in her office. She has been there _______7 o’clock.
12. India has been an independent country ______ 1974.
13. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty______ many years.
14. Mike has been ill ________ a long time. He has been in hospital ______October.
三、改写句子，使原句的意思不变，每空一词。
1. The English professor arrived here about a week ago
The English professor __________ ____________ here for about a week .
2. Her husband started to work on the farm three hours ago .
Her husband _____________ _____________ on the farm for three hours .
3. The French musician came to China last month , and he is still here .
The French musician _____________ ____________ ____________ China for a month .
4. He joined the army in 1985 .
He ___________ ___________ __________ the army __________ 1985 .
5. He joined the League half a year ago .
He has been a League ____________ ____________ half a year .
6. The bus left five minutes ago .
The bus ___________ already __________ ___________ for five minutes .
7. The girl bought a new school bag in September .
The girl ___________ __________ the school bag since September .
8. The shop closed last winter .
The shop __________ ____________ _____________ since last winter .
9. The film began ten minutes ago .
The film ___________ __________ ___________ for ten minutes .
10. The dog died two days ago .
The dog ___________ ____________ _____________ for two days .
11. The meeting ended last ____________month .
The meeting ___________ __________ ______________ for a month .
四、用have/has been to, have/has gone to填空：
1.—Where is your brother? —He ____________ the shop. He’ll be back soon.
2. — __________ you ever _________ to America? —Yes, I ___________ New York twice.
3. —Here you are at last! Where _________ you _________? —I _____________ London.
4. —David _______________ Australia. —I’m sure he’s already arrived.
5. —Is Benny here? —No, he ______________ the school library. He left five minutes ago.
五、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. I _____________ (wait) for him for two hours . I am very angry.
2. He _________ (be) a doctor since he was twenty.
3. The film __________ (be) on for fifteen minutes.
4.   ________ you ever ________ (read) that book before?
5.   ________ you ever ________ (try) to change her?
6.  No one _____________ (arrive) here yet.
7.   ___________ the bus ____________ (leave) yet?
8.  I _______________ (not talk) to him yet.
9. I ___________ already ___________ (make) the bed.
10. They __________ just ____________ (go). They will be back soon.
11. When ___________ you ____________ (meet) him ? Last night or this morning?
12. She ______________ (not come) here recently .
13. She ___________ (never see) the man before .
14. I ____________ (meet) him before, but I forget his name.
15. It is eleven o’clock. He ______________ (not come) back yet.
16. He _______________ (write) five stories so far .
17. She ______________ (be) a teacher for ten years , she likes her job very much.
18. ____________she _____________(call) on you lately ?
选择题
1、Both  his  parents  look  sad . Maybe  they  _________what's  happened  to  him .
　A.  knew       B. have known     C. must know      D. will know
2、He  has  _______ been  to  Shanghai , has  he ?
　A.  already       B. never             C. ever               D. still
 3、Have  you  met  Mr  Li ______？
　A.  just           B. ago         C. before        D.  a moment ago
4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .
　A. is  writing     B. was  writing        C. wrote        D. has  written
5、—Our country  ______ a lot so far .
　—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .
A. has  changed ; well            B. changed ; good
C. has  changed ; better           D.  changed ; better
6、Zhao Lan ______already  ______in this school for two years .
　A. was ; studying        B. will ; study C. has ; studied                 D. are ; studying
7、We ______ Xiao  Li  since  she  was  a  little  girl .
　A. know       B. had  known       C. have  known       D.  knew
8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .
　A.  will  see      B. have  seen         C. saw             D. see
9、—These  farmers  have  been  to  the  United  States .
　 —Really ? When _____  there ?
A. will  they  go        B. did  they  go C. do  they  go                   D.  have  they  gone
10、—______ you ___ your  homework  yet ?
　　 —Yes . I _____  it  a  moment  ago .
A.  Did ; do ; finished                    B. Have ; done ; finished
C. Have ; done ; have  finished           D.  will ; do ; finish
11、 His  father  ______ the  Party  since  1978 .
　　A.  joined     B. has joined      C. was in      D.  has  been  in
12、—Do you know him well ?
　　—  Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .
　　A.  were     B. have been        C. have become        D. have made
13、—How long have you  ____ here ?
　　—About two months .
　　A.  been      B. gone            C. come           D.  arrived
14、Hurry  up! The  play __________ for  ten  minutes .
　　A.  has  begun         B. had  begun C. has  been  on            D.  began
15、 It  _____ ten  years  since  he  left  the  army .
　　A.  is           B. has             C. will            D.  was
16、 Miss  Green  isn't  in  the  office . she_______  to  the  library .
　　A. has  gone      B. went         C. will  go           D.  has  been
17、My  parents ______  Shandong  for  ten  years .
　　A.  have  been  in     B. have  been  to C. have  gone  to             D. have  been
18、The students have cleaned the classroom,      ?
     A. so they       B. don’t they      C. have they      D. haven’t they
19、        has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he        to China?
A. How soon, comes   B. How often, got   C. How long, came           D. How far, arrived
20、 His uncle        for more than 9 years.
A. has come here                          B. has started to work
C. has lived there                        D. has left the university
21.____ you _____ the text yet ? Yes, we ____ it two hours ago.
A. Did…copy…did　 B. Have…copied…have
C. Have…copied…did 　 D. Did …copy…had　　
22. You ____ me waiting for two hours. I ____ for you since five.
　A. kept…waited　　　　　 B. have kept…waited
C. kept…have waited　　　 D. have kept…have waited
23. _____ you ever _____ America ? Yes, I have.
A. Have…gone to 　 B. Have…gone in 　 C. Have…been to 　 D. Have …been in
24. My brother ____college for over three years.
A. has gone to　 B. has been to　 C. has been in　 D. has been at　　
25. -I have seen the film “Titanic” already.　　　　
-When __________ you __________ it？
-The day before yesterday.
A. have； seen　　 B. will； see　　 C. did； see　　 D. did； seen