高考英语一轮复习——被动语态复习（无答案） 教案

 语中时态很多，但语态不多，只有两种，即：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，使用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，则使用被动语态。定义：被动语态，即不知道动作执行者或强调动作承受者的一种语态。2. 被动语态的构成： 被字句：主语+ be +动词过去分词(v-ed) +by sb. 【注意】被动语态的时态是由be动词的时态决定的，be动词是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be动词后面的过去分词不变。【习题精讲】The pen is used to write the word by me.[这支笔被我用来写这个单词，强调的是动作的承受者]The job is done .  [这个工作被做了，不知道动作的执行者，只是强调动作的承受者] The star_______ (ask) many strange questions and got angry at last.【解析】根据题意可知，题目要表达的意思是“这个明星被问了很多奇怪的问题最后生气了”，所以强调的是“被问”，被动语态的格式为“be+ved”，所以空格中应填“was asked”【经典习题】1 It's said that the new railway station _______ at the end of next month.    A. has been competed       B. is completed    C. was completed        D. will be completed2. Old people should be looked after well and    politely.    A. spoken     B. spoken on     C. speak to     D. spoken to3. -When shall we go to watch the basketball match in the sports centre?   -Not until the work_______ (finish) tomorrow. 3. 主动语态变为被动语态的方法   宾变主, 动词变被动, 主变by+宾 【习题精讲】He cleaned the blackboard.  → The blackboard was cleaned by him. He planted many trees last year.→ Many trees were planted by him last year.【经典习题】将下列句子改为被动语态：We have seen the movie twice.→We have finished the work already. →They will return the magazines on time. →4.  He will clean his bedroom tomorrow. → 4. 被动语态在时态中的用法一般现在时：   am／is／are （not）+ p.p.
一般过去时：   was／were (not)+  p.p.一般将来时:     will(not) be +p.p.   &  am/is/are  going to be +p.p.过去将来时：    would be +p.p.  &  was/were  going to be +p.p.现在进行时：   am/is/are+being+ p.p.过去进行时：   was/were+being + p.p.现在完成时：   has/have +been+ p.p.【习题精讲】1. He eats the apple.→1. The apple is eaten by him.【一般现在时】2. He ate the apple. →2. The apple was eaten by him【一般过去时】3. He is eating the apple.→3. The apple is being eaten by him.【现在进行时】4. He was eating the apple.→4. The apple was being eaten by him.【过去进行时】5. He will eat the apple.→5. The apple will be eaten by him.【一般将来时】6. He would eat the apple. →6. The apple would be eaten by him.【过去将来时】7. He has eaten the apple.→7. The apple has been eaten by him.【现在完成时】【经典习题】(  ) 1. The People's Republic of China ___ on October 1, 1949.
A. found       B. was founded    C. is founded       D. was found
(  ) 2. English ____ in Canada.
A. speaks      B. are spoken   C. is speaking      D. is spoken
(  )3. New computers ___ all over the world.
A. is used    B. are using   C. are used     D. have used 5. 被动语态的基本句式肯定句:主+be +done      The computer is used to play games.否定句:主+be +not +done  The computer is not used to play games.一般疑问句:Be+主+done?   Is the computer used to play games？特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+be+主+ done?    What is the computer used to ?【习题精讲】公园里不得丢垃圾。Litter is          _______ in the park.【解析】 根据题意可知该题是考查被动语态的否定句型，主+be +not +done，垃圾Litter是不得被丢在公园里。所以，空格中应填写 not dropped。这项工作打算什么时候做？When is the work going to_______ _______?【解析】根据题意可知该题是考察被动语态的特殊疑问句型，特殊疑问词+be+主+ done，所以空格中应填写 be done。【经典习题】1.我没有使用我的电脑。My computer isn't_______ _______.2. 这条公路将在明年建成。This road_______ _______ _______ next year.3. The sports meeting_______ next month.A. will hold       B. is going to holdC. will be held       D. are going to be held 6.被动语态在情态动词中的用法情态动词：must (can/could/may/should)+be + vt. p.p.【习题精讲】He must clean his bedroom.= His bedroom must be cleaned (by him).
The person must be taken care of by his son.  含有情态动词的句子变为被动语态时，在情态动词后面直接加上be动词即可。
构成：主语+情态动词(can,may,must)+be(永远是原形)+过去分词+by sb.
【经典习题】1. The flowers ___ often.
A. must be water       B. must be watered C. must watered        D. must water2. The broken bike____ here by Mr Smith.
A. can mend          B. can mended  C. can be mend          D. can be mended3. Must we paint the wall blue?（改为被动语态）  使用被动语态注意要点 1)     含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一个整体, 不可把它们分隔开来。e.g: They laughed at her. 他们都笑话她。→She was laughed at (by them).   Who is taking care of your baby? 谁在照看你的孩子? →Who is your baby being taken care of by?把下面这些动词短语背熟：begin with  以……开始   catch up with   赶上    fall behind  落后fight about  为……而战斗      find out  弄清楚     jump into  跳入laugh at  嘲笑某人    learn from  向某人学习   listen to  注意听look after  照顾，关照   look at  看……     look for  寻找……look in  查看……    look like  看起来像……   pay for  为……付钱put on  穿，戴    put out  扑灭      take off  脱下talk about  谈论某事   turn on (off)  打开，(关上)   wait for  等待worry about  为……而担心  write down  记下，写下【习题精讲】If these young trees _______, they will grow up quickly and well. take good care of  B. take good care     C.are taken good care  D. are taken good care of    【解析】根据题意可知，“如果这些小树被照顾好，他们会长得又快又好”，含有被动语态，而被动语态的结构是“be+ved”，所以排除A,B，含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一个整体, 不可把它们分隔开来。所以答案选D。These children____dance.    A. were send to        B. were send for    C. were send        D. Send to   【解析】根据题意可知，“孩子们是被送去跳舞”&含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一个整体, 不可把它们分隔开来。send to送去  送给，send for 召唤 派人去拿，所以答案选A。【经典习题】1.These walls___stone.A. are made of　　       B. made of     C. are made into　        D. made into2.The coat___her sister.A. made to        B. were made for   C. was made for        D. was made to3.She will____good care____.A. take; of         B. be taken; of     C. take; for you       D. be taken; of you 2)     含双宾结构，一般把表示人的间宾变为被动语态的主语。如果把表示物的直宾变为被动语态的主语时，要在宾语前加上to或for，是to还是for，要依据与它们搭配的动词来定. e.g:  Father bought him a computer. 爸爸给他买了一台电脑。  →A computer was bought for him(by father).(以物作 主语)  →He was bought a computer (by father). (以人作主语，虽语法正确，但实际不常这样使用。)将这些带双宾语的动词背下来：①    动词后加to的：give 给pass 递给show 给……看send 寄lend借给bring 带Take  拿走hand…… 交给tell 告诉return 归还write 写给throw 扔promise 答应refuse 拒绝teach   教 ②    动词后加for的：bring 带来buy 买build  建造save  救pick   拣cook  烹饪make 制，做leave  落下   留下find   发现get 得到order   预定sing 给……唱歌pay 付钱给   【习题精讲】This coat is           (buy) me by my mom.【解析】根据题意可知，“这件大衣是妈妈买给我的”buy sth for sb→sth is bought for sb ,所以空格中应填写 bought for .这本书是姐姐给我的。     The book                      me by my sister . 【解析】根据题意可知，书是被姐姐给我的，give sb sth →sth is given to sb,所以空格中应填写is given to .【经典习题】1.老师向我们展示他家乡的图片。（将该句子用三种方式翻译） 3)     含有使役动词和感官动词：make /see/ let/ have /hear/ watch… 的句子，在主动语态中这些词后常跟不带to的动词不定式，但是在改成被动语态时，则一定要把省去的to加上去；另外，help在主动语态中可以加to也可以不加to,但在被动语态中必须加to。e.g: I saw him(宾) enter the Room 102(宾补).He was seen(谓语)to enter the Room 102(宾补). 我看见他进入102室。(他被看见进入了102室。)可以记住一个口诀：四看：notice, see, watch, look at                  三使役：let, have, make                  两听：lisen to, hear                  一感：feel                 半帮助：help【习题精讲】Ms.Pan often lets us read English loudly at home.（同义句转换）  →We___ often ___ ___ ___English loudly by Ms.Pan.【解析】根据题意可知，潘女士经常让我们在家里大声地读英语，要求我们应该转换为我“我们经常被潘女士要求在家大声读英语”而使役动词“let”在主动语态中要省略to，而在被动语态中则必须加to ，所以，该句子需改为 We are often let to read English loudly at home by Ms.Pan.We saw him run into the classroom.→He ____ ____ ____ ____into the classroom by us.  【解析】首先，根据题意可知，他被我们看到跑进了教室。see sb do sth→ sb be seen to do sth ,其次，根据原句中的saw可知，该句子应为一般过去时，所以空格中应填写was seen to run.【经典习题】1. The teacher made him___ his homework.         A. to do　  B. do　  C. did　   D. done2. These children____dance.        A. were seen to        B. were seen for    C. were seen            D. saw toI saw her singing an english song in the park at this time yesterday (将该句变为被动语态) 4)     含有宾语补足语的句子改为被动语态，宾补的位置不变.e.g:He named the baby(宾) Lily(宾补). 他给这个婴儿起名叫莉莉。   →The baby was named(谓语)Lily(宾补)(by him).(莉莉的位置不变)【习题精讲】 I found some birds sing in the tree. →Some birds_____ _____ _____ in the tree  【解析】该句子的句子结构为S+V+O+OC，含有含有宾语补足语的句子改为被动语态，宾补的位置不变.仍然是“宾+谓语变被动（be+ved）+句子其他成分+by+主语”所以空格中应填写were found sing . 5)     不用被动语态的情况一些表示状态的动词不用被动语态。 如：sell well(卖的好),  write well(好写字), wash easily (好洗) e.g:The latest model cars sell well. 这种最新型的汽车卖得很好。   This kind of ball-pens writes smoothly. 这种圆珠笔书写流畅。   Your coat doesn't wash easily. 你的外套很不好洗。不及物动词或不及物动词词组不用被动语态。 特别是：happen/take place/break down/break out.类似动词或短语如： appear(出现)，disappear(消失)，last(持续)，die , end (vi. 结束), fail,   lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart等。
不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：
Fit合适, have, hold, marry结婚, own拥有, wish, cost值, notice注意, watch
agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in成功, suffer from受苦, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to属于连系动词和部分感官动词常用主动表被动含义 主要动词有：appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look,remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn……e.g:  It sounds good.D.  特殊结构：make sb. heard / understood (使别人能听见/理解自己)，have sth. done ( 要某人做某事)。    E.g: You should speak louder to make yourself heard.E.  当break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。          E.g:  The plan worked out successfully.               The lamps on the wall turn off.  【习题精讲】Great changes___ in the past ten years in China.took place      B. have taken place    C. were taken place     D. Have been taken place[]   【解析】take place没有被动语态,可以排除掉C,D，根据句子中的时间状语 in the past ten years，            可知应该用完成时态，选B    The cakes in the restaurant     , so they      well.    A,are tasted better; are sold    B. are tasted well; sell   C.taste terrible; are sold   D. taste nice; sell    【解析】taste 为感官动词，没有被动语态，可以排除掉A,B，而表示状态的动词不用被动语态，             所以答案选D。被动语态与过去分词短语可作后置定语。
e.g: 1. The cat is called Tom.  (被动语态)
    2. There is a cat(called Tom) in the house.      (过去分词短语作后置定语)【】【习题精讲】       类型一He called the man called John.       类型二The door is closed.         类型三 The door is closed by John.       【解析】辨析哪个类型是被动语态，主要3看：是否强调的是动作承受者；是否是被动语态结构be+ved；整个句子是否只有一个谓语动词。由此可以看出，类型一的第一个called句子的谓语动  动词第二个called是过去分词做the man的后置定语；类型二的closed是表语；类型三才满足条件是被动语态。