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    高考英语语一轮复习教案——定语从句语法讲解(无答案)

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    高考英语语一轮复习教案——定语从句语法讲解(无答案)

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    定语从句专题讲解一、 基本概念:  在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now?  That is the house where he lived ten years ago.    定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词;定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导,关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作从句中的一个成分。引导定语从句的关系代词有:that, who, whom, whose, whichas   关系副词有:when, where, why.    二、定语从句的关系词
        引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括thatwhichwho(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括wherewhenwhy等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。定语从句的谓语动词由先行词来决定。
    三、定语从句的分类
        根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
    四、关系代词的用法关系代词指代在定语从句中的作用that既指人,也指物主语、宾语which指物(相当于that主语、宾语who指人(相当于that主语whom指人宾语whose既指人,也指物定语  1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
        Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)
        The coat thatI put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)
        2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
        The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那  座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)
        The film whichwe saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)
        3.whowhom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如:
        The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)
        Who is the teacher whomLi Ming is talking to?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语) 
    注意:
       1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,whothatwhich可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用介词+which/whom”结构。例如:
        This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。
        Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
       2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如:
        This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。
       3that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如:
        The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。
        4)关系词只能用that的情况:
        a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
        He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
        b.被修饰的先行词为allanymuchmanyeverythinganythingnonethe one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
        Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?
        c.先行词被the onlythe verythe samethe lastlittlefew 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
        This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
        d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:
        I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
        e.whowhich引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:
        Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
        f.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如:
        There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
        5)关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况:
        a.先行词为thatthose时,用which, 而不用that.例如:
        What‘s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?
        b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:
        This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。
        c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which, 而不用that.例如:
        Tom came backwhich made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。
    五、关系副词的用法1when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。它的先行词通常有:time, day, morning, night, week, year 例如:This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。
    2where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。它的先行词常有:place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country等。例如:This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。注意:先行词表示地点,不一定都用Where引导定语从句       一般来说,英语学习者的脑海中会形成这样一个概念:在定语从句中,如果先行词是表示地点的名词(place),就用关系副词where引导定语从句。这种想法是错误的。如果定语从句不缺少主语或宾语,而是缺少地点状语,便用where来引导;如果定语从句不缺少状语,而是缺少主语或宾语,则要用关系代词(whichthat)来引导,以补足定语从句中所缺失的主语或宾语如1.In an hour, we can travel to places _____ would have taken our ancestors days to reach.     A. where B. when C. which D. what  2.This is the town_____I wanted to visit most.A. where B. when C. that D. what3.This is the town _____I was born.A. where B. when C. which D. what4.I’ve never been to Beijing, but its the place ____.     A. where I’d like to visit   B. in which I’d like to visit       C. I most want to visit  D. that I want to visit it most 3why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。它的先行词只有reason例如:Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
    1这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构:when = on (in, at, during......)+which;where=in (at, o......) + which;why = for which. 例如:I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived.  The office where(=in which) he works is on the third floor.  This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it.练习题
    I.单项填空-Do you know the man ______is talking with your father
      -Yeshe‘s our headmaster.
       A. he B.  who   C. which   D. whom
    2. Is this the river _____I can swim
       A. which   B. in which   C. that   D. the oneThis is the best hotel in the city _____I know.
       A. where   B. which   C. that   D. it
    4. Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day
      A. that you bought    B. you bought it
      C. that you bought it   D. which you bought itAnyone ______with what I said may put up you hands.
      A. which agrees   B. who agree
      C. who agrees   D. which agree
    6. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.
      A. that   B. it   C. which   who
    7. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate
      A. who‘s   B. whose   C. that   of which.
    8. The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.
      A. whichis   B. whomwas   C. whois   D. whowas
    9. I love places ______the people are really friendly.
      A. that   B. which   C. where   D. who
    10. The world ______ is made up of matter.
     A. in that we live   B. on which we live
     C. where we live in   D. we live in
    、用适当的关系代词thatwhichwhowhom填空
    1. The first thing ______you must do is to have a meal.
    2. April 1st is the day _____is called April Fool’s Day in the west.
    3. The family _____had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.
    4. The house _____we live in is very old.
    5. Didn’t you see the man ______I talked with just now 根据句意,在横线处填上恰当的关系代词。1. Who drew the picture ________ is worth 60,000 yuan?2. The man ________ is wearing a blue T-shirt is good at skating.  3. This is a store ________ sells all kinds of school things. 4. The woman ________ you talked to just now is our English teacher. 5. The town ________ we visited last time is much larger than before.6. We saw the tree ________ was five hundred years old.7. The computer ________ my father bought for me works well.   8. He is the boy ________ I saw in front of the library.   

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