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初中英语人教新目标 (Go for it) 版八年级下册Unit 7 What’s the highest mountain in the world?综合与测试获奖教案及反思
展开Unit 7 What's the highest muntain in the wrld?
知识点总结及单元测试卷(附答案)
【教材内容解析】
Sectin A
abut 9,600,000 square kilmetres in size (P. 49)
square用作形容词,表示“平方的”,用于数字后面表示面积。
Our new huse is 95 square metres in size.
2. 1,025 meters deep. (P. 49)
英语中常见的长宽高的表达方式为:基数词+单位词+形容词(lng, wide, high, deep)。
The rpe is tw meters lng.
Qmlangma is higher than any ther muntain in the wrld. (P. 49)
any ther意为“其他任何一个”,后接可数名词单数,常用于比较级结构中,表示最高级含义,可与“the ther+可数名词复数”或者the thers互换。
Peter runs faster than any ther student/the ther students/the thers in his class.
China has the biggest ppulatin in the wrld. (P. 50)
ppulatin表示“人口”,是集合名词,对人口数量提问时,用what而不用hw many/much,ppulatin若作主语,强调整体概念时,谓语用单数形式,强调个体时,谓语用复数形式。
What’s the ppulatin in China nw?
The ppulatin f this small twn is three thusand.
Mre than ne fifth f the ppulatin f the cuntry are ver 60 years ld.
The main reasn was t prtect their part f the cuntry. (P. 50)
prtect表示“保护”时,常用的结构为:“保护……免受……”。
Humans shuld d smething t prtect the envirnment.
The sunglasses will prtect yu frm sunshine.
As far as I knw, there are n ther man-made bjects as big as this. (P. 50)
as far as I knw意为“就我所知、我认为”,相当于as far as I am cncerned。
As far as I knw, he’ll be away frm three mnths.
One f the wrld’s mst dangerus sprts is muntain climbing, and ne f the mst ppular places fr this is the Himalayas. (P. 51)
“ne f+the+形容词最高级+复数可数名词”指在某一个范围内“最……之一”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Mary is ne f the best students in ur class.
Even mre serius difficulties include freezing weather cnditins and heavy strms. (P. 51)
include表示“包含、包括”,强调一个整体里面包含一些部分,including常用作介词,表示“包括”。
The bk includes eight units.
He has many friends, including Tm.
It is als very hard t take in air as yu get near the tp. (P. 51)
take in意为“吸收”。
D yu knw hw plants take in water?
The first Chinese team did s in 1960, while the first wman t succeed was Junk Tabei frm Japan in 1975. (P. 51)
succeed表示“成功”,常用的结构为:succeed t d sth.或者succeed in ding sth.“成功做成某事”。
The climbers succeeded t get t the tp f the muntain in the end.
=The climbers succeeded in getting t the tp f the muntain in the end.
One f the main reasns is that peple want t challenge themselves in the face f difficulties. (P. 51)
challenge意为“挑战、考验”,challenge sb. t (d) sth.表示“向……某人挑战做某事”。
He challenged me t play chess.
in the face意为“面对(问题或者困难)”
They shwed curage in the face f danger.
The spirit these climbers shws us that we shuld never give up trying t achieve ur dreams. (P. 51)
achieve用作动词,表示“达到、完成、成功”。
I believe yu will achieve yur dream in the end.
Why d s many peple try t climb this muntain even thugh it is dangerus. (P. 51)
even thugh意为“即使、虽然”,相当于even if,引导让步状语从句。
Even thugh Frank left schl at 16, he still became a successful writer.
Sectin B
weighs 5,0000 kils (P. 53)
weigh此处作动词,表示“有……重”,名词是weight。
The baby weighed abut 5 kilmetres.
What is his weight?
This elephant weighs many times mre than this panda. (P. 53)
“倍数+比较级+than”表示“比……大/多多少倍”。
The rm lks three times bigger than that ne.
At birth, a baby panda is abut...(P. 53)
at birth表示“出生时”。
The baby weighed three kilmetres at birth.
A panda can live up t...(P. 53)
up t表示“达到(某种数量或者程度)”
The theatre can hld up t 500 peple.
【拓展】be up t sb.“由某人决定”
Yu can leave tday r tmrrw. It is up t yu.
Panda keepers are preparing milk fr the baby pandas’ breakfast. (P. 54)
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ① prepare fr sth.“为……做准备”
They are preparing fr the party tnight.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ② “为……准备……”
We shuld prepare sme sweets fr Children’s Day.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③ be prepared fr“为……作准别”
The players are well prepared fr the match.
6. At 9:00 a.m., they find that mst f the babies are already awake and hungry. (P. 54)
awake用作形容词,表示“醒着的”,反义词是asleep。
Is the baby asleep r awake?
Anther 300 r s live in zs r research centers in China and ther cuntries. (P. 54)
r s意为“大约”,放在数量词后面,表示大约的概念。
There are 30 wrkers r s in the factry.
【重点短语和句型归纳】
重点短语
1. as big as… 与……一样大
2. ne f the ldest cuntries 最古老的国家之一
3. feel free t d sth. 随意地做某事
4. as far as I knw 据我所知
5. man-made bjects 人造物体
6. part f… ……的组成部分
7. the highest muntain 最高的山脉
8. in the wrld 在世界上
9. any ther muntain 其他任何一座山
10. f all the salt lakes 在所有的咸水湖中
11. run alng 跨越……
12. freezing weather 冰冻的天气
13. take in air 呼吸空气
14. take in 吸入;吞入(体内)
15. in the face f difficulties 面对困难
16. give up ding sth. 放弃做某事
17. achieve ne’ s dream 实现某人的梦想
18. the frces f nature 自然界的力量
19. reach the tp 到达顶峰
20. even thugh 虽然;尽管
21. at birth 出生时
22. be awake 醒着
23. run ver with excitement 兴奋地跑过去
24. walk int sb. 撞到某人
25. fall ver 摔倒
26. the first persn t d sth. 第一个做某事的人
27. every tw years 每两年
28. cut dwn the frests 砍伐林木
29. endangered animals 濒危动物
30. fewer and fewer pandas 大熊猫越来越少
31. be in danger 处于危险之中
32. the imprtance f saving these animals 拯救这些动物的重要性
重点句型
any ther+名词单数 其他任何一个
feel free t ask sb sth n 就...随意问某人某事
ne f the +形容词最高级+可数名词复数 最的之一
what’s the+形容词最高级+名词 in the wrld?世界上最的是什么?
保护使不受;防御
succeed in ding sth 成功做成某事
teach sb abut sth 教某人有关内容
send sb t d sth 派某人去做某事
9. There be sb/sth 有某人/物正在做某事
【语法讲解】
基数词
= 1 \* ROMAN \* MERGEFORMAT I. 基数词的构成。
基数词1-12是独立的单词。
ne, tw, three, fur, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
基数词13-19是在个位数后面加-teen构成,其中thirteen, fifteen, eighteen是不规则变化。
thirteen, furteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
整十的基数词20-90是在个位数词后面加-ty构成,其中twenty, thirty, frty, fifty, eighty是不规则变化。
twenty, thirty, frty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
非整十基数词21-99是在十位数后面加上个位数构成,中间加上连字符“-”。
twenty-ne, seventy-six, eighty-eight
三位数以上的基数词,百位数和十位数之间用and连接。
tw hundred and ne, three thusand five hundred and furteen
英语中没有“万”和“亿”这两个单位,在表示“万”和“亿”时,把“万”念成10个千,“十万”念成100个千,“亿”念成100个百万……以此类推。
10,000:ten thusand
100,000: a hundred thusand
100,000,000: a hundred millin
35, 845: thirty-five thusand, eight hundred and frty-five
= 2 \* ROMAN \* MERGEFORMAT II. hundred, thusand, millin 和billin的用法。
hundred, thusand, millin和billin等表示确切数字时,只用其单数形式;但是在表示不确切数字时,要用其复数形式,并且与f连用,表示约数。
e.g:1. There are mre than three hundred days in a year. 一年有三百多天。
2. Thusands f visitrs travel t the Great Wall every year. 每年有成千上万的游客游玩长城。
= 3 \* ROMAN \* MERGEFORMAT III. 基数词表示编号
例如:
Lessn Five (the fifth lessn) 第五课
Rm 306 306房间
Page Twelve (the twelfth page) 第十二页
Class One, Grade Six 六年级一班
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ① 形容词比较级的变化规则。
= 1 \* ROMAN \* MERGEFORMAT I. 规则变化
= 2 \* ROMAN \* MERGEFORMAT II. 不规则变化
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ② 形容词比较级用法。
= 1 \* ROMAN \* MERGEFORMAT I. 比较级用于两者进行比较,结构为“A is 比较级 than B”。
e.g: 1. My bike is mre beautiful than hers.我的自行车比她的漂亮。
2. He wrks harder than befre. 他工作比以前努力。
= 2 \* ROMAN \* MERGEFORMAT II. 表示两者之间选择,用“which/wh is 比较级,A r B?”表示“两者之间较……之一”时,用“the + 比较级”结构。
e.g: 1. Which is nearer t the sun, the mn r the earth? 哪个离太阳更近,月球还是地球?
2. He is the thinner f the tw. 他是两人中较瘦的那个。
= 3 \* ROMAN \* MERGEFORMAT III.“越来越……”用“比较级and 比较级”结构,多音节和部分双音节词用“mre and mre 原级”。
e.g: 1. The weather is becming clder and clder. 天气变得越来越冷了。
2. She is becming mre and mre beautiful. 她变得越来越美了。
= 4 \* ROMAN \* MERGEFORMAT IV. 表示“越……越……”时,用“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构。
e.g: The mre careful yu are, the mre pints yu will get. 你越细心,得分越多。
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③ 形容词最高级用法。
= 1 \* ROMAN \* MERGEFORMAT I. 表示三者及以上人或物进行比较时用最高级,结构为“the + 最高级+in/f + 范围”。
e.g: 1. The picture is the best f all. 这幅画是所有画中最好的。
2. She is the mst beautiful girl in the class. 她是班上最美的女孩。
= 2 \* ROMAN \* MERGEFORMAT II. 表示在三者及以上之间选择,用“which/wh is the+最高级,A, B r C?”。
e.g: Wh is the tallest, Tm, Kate r Bill? 汤姆、凯特、比尔,谁最高?
= 3 \* ROMAN \* MERGEFORMAT III. 表示“最……之一”用“ne f the最高级+可数名词复数”。
e.g: She is ne f the mst ppular teachers in ur schl. 她是我们学校最受欢迎的老师之一。
= 4 \* ROMAN \* MERGEFORMAT IV. 形容词最高级前面加序数词,表示“第几……”。
e.g: She is the secnd tallest girl in ur class. 她是我班上第二高的女孩。
= 5 \* ROMAN \* MERGEFORMAT V. 比较级和最高级之间的互换。
例如:
He is taller than any ther by in ur class.
= He is taller than the ther bys in ur class.
= He is the tallest by in ur class.
注意比较以下两个句子:
Shanghai is larger than any ther city in China.(范围之内)
= Shanghai is larger than any city in Japan.(范围之外)
【单元测试卷】
单项选择(每小题1分, 共15分)
从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
( ) 21. The apartment my parents live in is abut 360 square feet _______ size.
A. fr B. n C. in D. at
( ) 22. During his secnd day Edward lked _______ mre tired than n his first day.
A. even B. quite C. nly D. pretty
( ) 23. I can still remember this thing, _______ it was s lng ag.
A. as lng as B. even thugh C. as sn as D. s that
( ) 24. My father desn’t want t cntinue wrking in the factry because f pr wrking _______.
A. experiences B. pinins C. cnditins D. relatins
( ) 25. Lk! _______ black cluds are cvering the sky. It’s ging t rain.
A. Thick B. Thin C. Dark D. Bright
( ) 26.—Linda, yu lk thinner. Hw much d yu _______ nw?
—Abut 50 kils.
A. develp B. rise C. drp D. weigh
( ) 27. After the haze (雾霾) weather, the pressure t _______ the envirnment is
strng and grwing.
A. cntrl B. create C. prtect D. prvide
( ) 28. She was trying t pass her driving test and she finally _______.
A. succeeded B. fell C. understd D. hurt
( ) 29. The bkcase _______ when we tried t mve it. Luckily, it wasn’t brken.
A. lay dwn B. fell ver C. ran ut D. tk ff
( ) 30. She used t lie _______ at night wrrying abut hw t pay fr the huse.
A. weak B. awake C. asleep D. strng
( ) 31. The muntain is s high that it’s difficult fr us t _______ air n the tp f it.
A. take up B. take dwn C. take in D. take away
( ) 32. Helen is the secnd _______ girl in the talent shw. I enjy watching her dancing.
A. ppular B. mre ppular C. mst ppular D. the mst ppular
( ) 33. Lake Qinghai is larger than _______ salt lake in China with an area f 4,583 km2.
A. anther B. any ther C. the ther D. thers
( ) 34. Tina gave up _______ the vilin last year because she became interested in the pian.
A. playing B. play C. t play D. played
( ) 35. —He remembered ur names frm ten years ag.
—_______.
A. Oh, that’s right
B. Ww, that’s amazing
C. Well, it’s OK
D. Hmm, it’s strange
完形填空(每小题1分,共10分)
先通读下面的短文,掌握其大意,然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
The Andes Muntains are the lngest and ne f the highest muntain ranges (山脉) in the wrld. They run thrugh 7 cuntries in Suth America. Althugh life is 36 easy there, the Inca peple lived in the Andes Muntains fr hundreds f years. The ld and famus Inca Empire began arund 13th century (世纪) and didn’t cme t an end 37 the late 16th century.
Crn was the Inca peple’s 38 fd because it culd grw very well in the high muntains. Tmates, ptates and anther grain (谷物) called quina were als ppular. When the Inca peple 39 peppers with quina, they culd make a kind f delicius sup.
The llama, a kind f animal, is anther 40 why the Inca peple culd live in such a terrible envirnment. It 41 the Inca peple with milk and meat. At the same time, it 42 be used t carry lts f heavy things.
Mst Inca peple were farmers 43 the villages they lived in were very small. Even Cuzc, the capital (首都), was nt a large city. In Cuzc, the Inca peple 44 walls with huge stnes. Sme f the walls were mre than 7 meters 45 . Even tday, centuries later, the stnes fit tgether s well that yu can’t even put a ruler between them.
( ) 36. A. t B. already C. never D. still
( ) 37. A. until B. after C. frm D. past
( ) 38. A. nly B. main C. cheap D. healthy
( ) 39. A. mixed B. added C. put D. cut
( ) 40. A. fact B. answer C. way D. reasn
( ) 41. A. fed B. fund C. prtected D. prvided
( ) 42. A. culd B. shuld C. must D. need
( ) 43. A. and B. r C. s D. but
( ) 44. A. tuched B. used C. built D. bught
( ) 45. A. big B. high C. ld D. deep
情景交际(每小题1分,共5分)
根据对话内容,从方框中选择恰当的选项补全对话,其中有两项多余。
A: Hi, Megan. Hw are yu tday?
B: I’m fine. (46) _______
A: Yu’re right. But it’s nt just cld. Everything is frzen!
B: It snwed a lt last night.
A: (47) _______
B: That’s a gd idea. We can ask ur friends t cme.
A: What activity d yu think we shuld d?
B: (48) _______ Skiing is a lt f fun!
A: OK. I can learn t ski frm yu. Where can we g skiing? (49) _______
B: That’s true. What abut Eagle Muntain?
A: Oh, yeah. Mark went skiing there last year.
B: Right. And he had a really gd time.
A: (50) _______ D yu think it’s OK fr beginners?
B: I think s.
A: OK. Let’s meet at the stre n ur way t Eagle Muntain.
阅读理解(每小题2分,共20分)
A
Cristina is a Prtuguese student. She decided t imprve her English during the summer hliday. S she tk a tw weeks’ summer curse (课程) in the Embassy Schl, Oxfrd. Nw let’s read abut her experience.
It was a wnderful experience. The schl was n ne f the city’s mst famus streets. The teachers were very nice and the classrms were mdern.
The Embassy Schl wasn’t a barding schl (寄宿学校), s I stayed with an English family during thse tw weeks. It was an excellent pprtunity t practice my English. They culdn’t speak Prtuguese, s I tried my best t cmmunicate with them in English. They lived in a beautiful huse. I lved staying with them because they were very friendly. Every mrning, I tk the bus t schl.
Classes started at 9 a.m. and finished at 4 p.m. We had three classes in the mrning and tw classes in the afternn. I learned a lt and met classmates frm all ver the wrld. We als visited the mst famus places f the cuntry.
It was the best summer hliday I’ve ever had. My English gt much better and I made a lt f new friends.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
( ) 51. Hw lng was Cristina’s summer curse?
A. One week. B. Tw weeks. C. One mnth. D. Tw mnths.
( ) 52. The underlined wrd “pprtunity” in Paragraph 3 means “______” in Chinese.
A. 习惯 B. 灵感 C. 机会 D. 仪式
( ) 53. Hw did Cristina g t schl every mrning?
A. By bus. B. By bike. C. By car. D. On ft.
( ) 54. Hw many classes did Cristina have every day?
A. Tw. B. Three. C. Fur. D. Five.
( ) 55. What can we learn abut Cristina?
A. She lived in an ld huse.
B. She spke Prtuguese with her classmates.
C. She didn’t visit any famus places in England.
D. She thught her summer hliday was wnderful.
B
Hi, my name is Jseph and there’s smething I’d like t share with yu ...
My 16-year-ld sn, Dylan, tld everyne that ne f the mst amazing experiences f his life was the trip t Suth Africa last summer. Mst peple wuld think that he was n a vacatin there. But Dylan spent almst the whle ten days f his trip building huses fr peple there. It was hard and dirty wrk. I never thught that he wuld enjy it, but he lved every minute f it.
Encuraging (鼓励) teenagers t d vlunteer wrk is ne f the mst imprtant things yu can d fr them as a parent. And the amazing thing is, nce they get a taste f it, teenagers will lve t vlunteer. And students wh d vlunteer wrk d better in schl than thse wh dn’t vlunteer. In fact, vlunteering prvides many things fr teenagers, including a wnderful experience and a gd chance (机会) t meet new peple.
It’s nt difficult t find vlunteer jbs fr teenagers. They can find them in hspitals, libraries, children’s museums and s n.
根据材料内容简要回答下列问题。
56. What did Dylan think f his trip t Suth Africa?
________________________________________
57. What did Dylan d in Suth Africa?
________________________________________
58. Des the writer think parents shuld encurage their children t d vlunteer wrk?
________________________________________
59. What can teenagers get frm vlunteering?
________________________________________
60. Where can teenagers find vlunteer jbs?
________________________________________
词汇运用(每小题1分,共10分)
A) 根据句意及所给汉语提示,写出句中所缺单词。
61. The cuntry has a(n) _________ (人口) f 65,000,000. It’s nt large.
62. Their tent gave little _________ (保护) against the strm.
63. I will finish reading the _________ (剩余的) part f the bk in tw hurs.
64. Hundreds f _________ (旅行者) visit this ancient temple every day.
65. The hle is a lt _________ (深的) than that ne.
B) 根据句意,用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
66. They were prud (骄傲的) f their children’s ________ (achieve).
67. Our tur ________ (include) a visit t the Science Museum last week.
68. Of the three rads, Xin Yuan Rad is the ________ (wide).
69. When I saw a plane flying in the sky, I jumped with ________ (excite).
70. If yur child shws any signs f ________ (ill), take him r her t the dctr.
完成句子(每小题2分,共10分)
根据汉语意思完成英语句子,每空词数不限。
71. 就我所知,她买了一座新房子。
______________, she bught a new huse.
72. 面对这样强大的力量, 我们无能为力。
We are pwerless ______________ such frces.
73. 多达两百人正在广场上跳舞。
______________ tw hundred peple are dancing n the square.
74. 他们为慈善机构募捐了大约两百英镑。
They raised tw hundred punds ______________ fr charity.
75. 那个婴儿出生时只有两公斤重。
The baby was nly 2 kils ______________.
综合填空(每小题1分,共10分)
阅读短文,从方框中选择恰当的词并用其适当形式填空,使短文通顺、意思完整,每词限用一次。
angry, questin, why, wait, hur, change, die, fast, withut, smile
A dctr quickly went t the hspital after he was called fr an emergency peratin (紧急手术). He (76) ________ his clthes and went t the peratin rm.
A man was waiting utside the peratin rm. When he saw the dctr, he shuted, “(77) ________ d yu cme s late? Dn’t yu knw that my sn is in danger?”
The dctr (78) ________ and said, “I am srry. I wasn’t in the hspital and I went back as (79) ________ as I culd ... Nw, I wish yu’d calm dwn (镇静) s that I can d my wrk.”
“Calm dwn?! If yur sn was in this rm right nw, wuld yu calm dwn?” asked the man (80) ________.
The dctr smiled and replied, “We will try ur best.”
The peratin tk several (81) ________. When the dctr went ut, he said, “Yur sn is saved. If yu have any (82) ________, please ask the nurse.”
(83) ________ waiting fr the man’s reply, the dctr went away.
“Why was he s arrgant (傲慢的)? Culdn’t he (84) ________ a few minutes s that I culd ask him abut my sn’s state (情况)?” asked the man when he saw the nurse.
“His sn (85) ________ in a rad accident yesterday. He was in the funeral (葬礼) when we called him fr yur sn’s peratin,” answered the nurse.
书面表达(15分)
假如你是海伦(Helen),你的村庄古老但风景优美,尤其是高大奇美的山和平缓清澈的流水,吸引了许多游客。你的美国笔友乔(Je)想了解你们村庄,请你用英语写一封信向他介绍你的村庄。
要求:1. 恰当运用比较级和最高级;2. 80词左右,可适当发挥。信的格式和开头已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Je,
Our village is ancient but its muntains and rivers attract many turists.
Yurs,
Helen
参考答案
21-25 CABCA 26-30 DCABB 31-35 CCBAB
36-40 CABAD 41-45 DAACB
46-50 DGBFE
51-55 BCADD
56. Amazing.
57. He built huses fr peple there.
58. Yes, he des.
59. A wnderful experience and a gd chance t meet new peple.
60. In hspitals, libraries, children’s museums and s n.
61. ppulatin 62. prtectin 63. remaining
64. turists 65. deeper 66. achievements
67. included 68. widest 69. excitement
70. illness
71. As far as I knw 72. in the face f 73. Up t 74. r s 75. at birth
76. changed 77. Why 78. smiled 79. fast 80. angrily 81. hurs
82. questin(s) 83. Withut 84. wait 85. died
One pssible versin:
Dear Je,
Our village is ancient but its muntains and rivers attract many turists. The muntains are in different shapes. They lk amazing. Of all the muntains, Munt Lingshi is the highest. It’s abut 1,000 meters high. Few peple in ur village have climbed it. The rivers run quietly and the water in them is very clean. Shuiniu River is lnger than any ther river in ur village and it’s abut ten meters deep — the deepest f all the rivers in ur village. Als, if yu cme t my village, yu can enjy the wnderful clean air.
Yurs,
Helen
构成法
原级
比较级
最高级
单音节词+er/est
shrt
shrter
shrtest
cld
clder
cldest
以不发音e结尾的词+r/st
wide
wider
widest
large
larger
largest
单个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写末尾辅音字母+er/est
big
bigger
biggest
ht
htter
httest
以辅音字母+y结尾的词,变y为i+er/est
heavy
heavier
heaviest
busy
busier
busiest
多音节词在前面+mre/mst
imprtant
mre imprtant
mst imprtant
beautiful
mre beautiful
mst beautiful
原级
比较级
最高级
gd/well
better
best
bad/badly/ill
wrse
wrst
ld
lder/elder
ldest/eldest
many/much
mre
mst
little
less
least
far
farther/further
farthest/furthest
A. What ht weather it is!
B. I think we shuld g skiing.
C. I am gd at skiing.
D. But the weather is really cld utside.
E. Eagle Muntain sunds pretty scary.
F. There aren’t t many hills arund here.
G. Maybe we can plan an utside activity t enjy the snw.
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