2025上海奉贤区高三上学期一模英语试题含答案

2024学年第一学期奉贤区高三英语一模卷考生注意：1. 考试时间105分钟，试卷满分115分。2. 本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。3. 务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置。I. Grammar and vocabulary Section A (10分)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Best Music to Boost ProductivityHow many times have you put on your headphones to help you concentrate on your tasks? Various studies have tried to address the question of (1)________ music in the workplace can be helpful or not. The short answer seems to be yes, but it depends on the job and the music. In one study, machine operators at a clothes manufacturer became (2)________ (productive) when they listened to relaxing music; the researchers therefore suggested trying music with a faster pace instead. However, in another study (3)________ (conduct) among surgeons who operated on patients while listening to classical music, it showed that they were both faster and more accurate in performance. In this case, the researchers advised against high pace or loud music (4)________ it could be distracting.According to some scientists, no matter what task you’re engaged in, lyrics in music (5)________ negatively impact your attention. However, if (6)________ (listen) to lyric-less or classical tunes annoys you, you’re probably not going to be very productive, so it ultimately depends on your personal preference.There might be a link between ‘emotional use’ of music at work and performance, too. Essentially, if your mood improves, so does your work. To some extent, then, you may be best off playing music (7)________ makes you happy. Interestingly, though, one 2023 study, which surveyed 244 people who listened to music at work, revealed no benefit when music (8)________ (use) for cognitive thinking or just played in the background.But if you’re just here for the best tracks (9)________ (boost) your productivity, we’ve got some recommendations for you. The top three songs most often included in work-related Spotify lists (10)________ (be): ‘Drops of Jupiter’ (Train), ‘Dreams’ (Fleetwood Mac) and ‘Don’t Stop Believin’ (Journey). Integrate these songs into your workday and experience the boost in productivity they can provide.Section B (10分)Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.SkyquakeIf you’ve ever heard a loud, distant booming noise with no obvious explanation like a thunderstorm or a car backfiring, then you might have experienced a skyquake. Skyquakes have been reported around the world and locals have ___11___ names for them in different regions. Near Seneca Lake in New York State, they’re known as ‘Seneca guns’; in Belgium they’re called ‘mistpoeffers’; and the Japanese refer to them as ‘uminari’, which ___12___ means ‘cries from the sea.’Some scientists have suggested that a type of meteor(流星)could be the cause. These space rocks explode when they ___13___ Earth’s atmosphere. If this occurred above thick cloud, the sound could ___14___ across a wide area. However, there is no ___15___ evidence reaching the ground.A(n) ___16___ explanation is the gas coming out of the bottom of the lake. Several hot spots for skyquake activity are close to large, deep lakes, such as Seneca. But skyquakes have also been reported away from such water bodies.Researchers at the University of North Carolina compared local news reports with information from ___17___ sensors and earthquake detectors. They were unable to identify any earthquake activity that coincided with the strange noises, ___18___ ruling out ground shaking as the cause of it. They concluded that this phenomenon is ___19___ to the atmosphere. Possible reasons could include meteors exploding in the sky or the sound of big waves getting louder because of special weather conditions near the ocean. Over the years, many of these ___20___ mystery noises have turned out to be caused by military planes flying faster than the speed of sound.Given the diversity of locations and explanations, it’s possible that skyquakes in different parts of the world have different causes. But for now, their true cause remains mysterious. II. Reading Comprehension (45分)Section A (15分)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The rigid corridors of Welton Academy carried the weight of tradition and conformity (循规蹈矩). John Keating, an English teacher with a(n) ___21___ of mystery and passion, stepped into the academy like a breath of freshness in a dull room. His very presence was a(n) ___22___ to the long-established norms of the school.He was not one to simply stand at the front of the classroom and lectured about Shakespeare’s poetry or the rules of grammar. ___23___, he had a unique way of making the words come alive. In his first class, he walked into the room, a twinkle in his eye, and led the boys out into the hallway. Pointing at the old, faded pictures of former students, he said, “Carpe diem, boys. Seize the day. Make your lives ___24___. These men were once just like you, with dreams and potential. Don’t let this place bury your ambitions.”His special haven, the “Whispers of the Bard,” was a magical place hidden away from the ___25___ eyes of the school authorities. Here, under the open sky, Keating would gather the students around him. He would recite poetry with such enthusiasm that the words seemed to ___26___in the air. “Poetry,” he told them, “is not just about rhymes and meters. It’s the language of the ___27___. It’s the way we express the deepest desires and the wildest dreams that we hold ___28___us.”He encouraged each student to find their own voice between the lines of the great poets. To Neil Perry, who had a hidden passion for the ___29___ burning like a small fire in his heart, Keating was like a guiding star. He saw the potential in Neil’s eyes and said, “Neil, the stage is waiting for you. Don’t let anyone even your father ___30___ your light. Your dreams are precious, and you have the talent to make them come true.” He helped Neil practice his lines, showing him how to ___31___ his emotions through every word. Under Keating’s guidance in every session, Neil grew more confident, believing that he could even ___32___ what his father expected of him.For Todd Anderson, who was shy and often ___33___ by his brother seemingly excellent at everything, Keating noticed his talent for seeing the deeper meaning in literature. “Todd,” he said, “your mind is a treasure chest. Open it and share your thoughts with the world. Don’t be afraid to ___34___. Your interpretations are as valuable as any other’s.” With Keating’s encouraging words, Todd started to come out of his ___35___, finding the courage to speak up and express himself.Keating’s encouragement was like a gentle wind that blew through the lives of these students, fanning the flames of their dreams and giving them the strength to pursue what they truly loved.Section B (22分)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AIn the year 1669, a German trader named Hennig Brand set out on an unusual quest that would lead to one of the most fascinating discoveries in the history of chemistry. Brand, driven by the age-old alchemists’ dream of magically turning base metals into gold, conducted a series of experiments that would forever change our understanding of elements.Brand’s journey began with an assumption that the key to creating “gold” resided in human urine (尿液). This seemingly strange idea was fueled by the observation that urine shared a similar yellow color with the precious metal. Acting on this belief, Brand collected an astonishing 5000 liters of urine and allowed it to stand and ferment (发酵).After weeks of fermentation, Brand boiled the urine down to a thick, sticky substance. He then mixed this paste with sand and heated the mixture to an extreme temperature. What emerged from this process was a substance that was entirely new to the world of science – a white solid that shone with a soft light in the dark.Brand named this glowing material “phosphorus,” originating from the Greek words for “light bearer.” The discovery of phosphorus was not just a scientific breakthrough; it captured the imagination of the public and the scientific community alike. Its ability to give off light in the darkness was both fascinating and mysterious.The implications of Brand’s discovery were far-reaching. Phosphorus was not only a novelty but also a substance with practical applications. It would later become an essential component in the production of matches, fertilizers, and various chemicals.Hennig Brand’s accidental discovery of phosphorus in 1669 was more than just finding a new element; it marked the end of the era of the period of magic chemistry and the beginning of modern chemistry. Brand’s phosphorus, once sought as a means to wealth, became a cornerstone in the field of science, a clear demonstration of power of curiosity and the unexpected paths that can lead to enlightenment.What is the main idea of the passage?A. The fall of ancient alchemists and the rise of modern chemists.B. The accidental discovery of phosphorus and its scientific impact.C. The importance of human urine in scientific experiments.D. The transformation of base metals into gold through magic.What was Hennig Brand’s initial goal when he started his experiments?A. To turn human urine into gold. B. To discover a new element.C. To produce a glowing substance. D. To reform modern chemistry.The underlined word “cornerstone” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.A. mystery B. symbol C. obstacle D. foundationWhat can be inferred about Hennig Brand from the passage?A. He was a serious chemist who followed established scientific methods.B. He was a visionary scientist who predicted the future of chemistry.C. He was a curious individual willing to explore unconventional ideas.D. He was a wealthy trader with a deep understanding of chemistry. B40. According to the notice board, which of the following is TRUE?A. The subway is the only way to travel in the city.B. The subway runs every 4 minutes any time of the day.C. An entire journey of 24 stations takes 15 minutes.D. An adult ticket for a full circuit costs only £1.80.41. To arrive at Kelvinbridge on a weekday morning as soon as possible, you can take the earliest train from St Enoch at ____________. A. 6:34 B. 6:32 C. 10:00 D. 10:0342. A couple taking a 15-year-old and a newborn on a ONE-DAY trip in Glasgow can maximize their subway experience by paying ____________. A. £6.45 B. £8.40 C. £10.75 D. £12.90CFor the first time, scientists have observed the brain throughout the pregnancy (怀孕) timeline. Sex hormones, like estrogen and testosterone, are powerful players in the brain, affecting mood, memory, and more. Some of the most dramatic hormonal changes that humans experience happen during pregnancy, and yet those nine months have been a black box for human neuroscience until now.A new study published this week in Nature Neuroscience provides the most extensive look inside that black box yet. Researchers scanned the brain of one woman 26 times over the entire course of her pregnancy – before, during and after. Brain scans show that tracks of white matter get stronger during pregnancy. Previous brain imaging studies from before and after pregnancy have shown that pregnancy shrinks (缩小) parts of the brain, specifically its gray matter. These outer layers of the brain are responsible for most of sensation, learning and other great things the brain does.Shrinking gray matter may sound scary, but it happens to all of us throughout development to fine-tune our neural processing and make our brains more efficient. Though the term “mommy brain” is often used to refer to the brain fog and forgetfulness some people feel during pregnancy, the brain changes are likely adaptive. For example, you may be forgetting where your keys are, but you are way more focused on what is happening to your baby. Researchers are particularly interested in changes within brain regions that help with social cognition by allowing us to take on others’ perspectives.The scale and pattern of brain changes during pregnancy are similar to what other researchers have seen in adolescent brains during puberty (青春期), also driven by hormones. Other researchers have been able to detect whether someone had been pregnant based only on neuro imaging data from decades later. So despite the common saying that our brains stop developing in our mid-20s, hormones seem to drive big, long-lasting changes throughout adulthood. From studying the woman’s brain, researchers confirmed gray matter decreased by four percent over the course of pregnancy and that decrease persisted throughout the end of the study two years after giving birth. And it wasn’t just one area or network – 80% of brain regions shrunk. While certain areas and networks changed faster than others, the team doesn’t yet know what the implications are.43. The passage mainly tells us __________________.A. how pregnancy impacts women’s memory B. how brain scans lead to a breakthroughC. how puberty differs from pregnancy D. how brain changes during pregnancy44. Based on the research, a pregnant woman should ______ changes accompanying “mommy brain”? A. peacefully accept B. consciously avoidC. completely ignore D. eagerly expect45. We can learn from the last two paragraphs that ________________________. A. researchers have figured out why certain areas of brain change faster B. despite similarity, brain changes in puberty aren’t driven by hormones C. hormones are likely to cause brain changes beyond adolescence D. the shrinkage of gray matter in brain stops shortly after child birthPresenting a findingExplainingRelating with other findings46. What is the structure of this passage?A. Summarizing the main pointsIntroducing a topicProviding examples B. Stating a problemProposing solutionsEvaluating the solutions C.Predicting the future trendsDescribing a phenomenonAnalyzing the causesD. Section C (8分)Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Ratting on Crimes“You are never more than six feet away from a rat,” goes the saying. Though it has been concluded that this estimate is incorrect, it might soon be accurate for those involved in the illegal wildlife trade. A team of researchers have trained African rats to pick up the scents (气味) of endangered animal products, such as elephant ivory and rhino horn. 47.__________The rat pack can even identify these items when concealed among other substances, and have been shown to remember the smells after months of non-exposure. This isn’t the first time APOPO, a Tanzania-based non-profit, have recognized a potential for a super-rat workforce. 48.__________ The organization looks to provide low-tech, cost-efficient solutions to pressing challenges throughout Africa.The rats in the new study went through several demanding stages of training. They first learned to smell a target scent for several seconds to earn a flavoured reward. 49.__________ The final step was memory consolidation training, where they were reintroduced to scents they’d not encountered for five and eight months, respectively. Despite the months of non-exposure, the rats showed perfect memory scores, suggesting that their cognitive memory performance is similar to that of dogs. Illegal capture, killing, and harvesting of animals and plants have increased dramatically in recent years. For example, 55 African elephants are killed for their tusks every day, over 20,000 a year. This has to be stopped immediately.50.__________ They will be armed with custom-made vests (马甲). With their front paws, they will be able to pull a small ball attached to the chest of their vest, which gives out a beeping sound. This way rats will be able to alert handlers when they detect a target. Once fully trained and prepared, these giant rats could become illegal hunters’ worst enemy.III. Summary Writing (10分)51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The Significance of Cattle in Maasai SocietyCattle are the traditional partners of the Maasai people of East Africa. The traditional Maasai diet is heavily centered around cattle products. Milk is a fundamental component of the Maasai diet, consumed daily and in various forms. Fresh milk, known as “enkirowua”, is often drunk straight or mixed with herbs for added flavor and medicinal benefits. Processed milk, or “mokore”, is a popular variation, providing rich source of nutrition. Cattle’s meat is another important part of the Maasai diet, consumed during special occasions and ceremonies. Every part of the animal is used, reflecting the Maasai’s resourcefulness and respect for their livestock. It represents strength and the community’s collective wealth.Cattle hold significant value in Maasai social life. An individual’s social status is heavily influenced by cattle ownership. The number of cattle one possesses directly relates with his standing in the community. This is particularly evident during traditional ceremonies, such as weddings, where the exchange of cattle as gifts signifies the strong bond between families and a shared commitment to the future. Families there share responsibilities in cattle care and their collective management promotes unity and teamwork. For example, the process of milking is a shared activity, involving both men and women and strengthening social bonds. It is especially vital during challenging times, such as droughts or other hardships when the well-being of the cattle is crucial.Cattle also play a big role in Maasai rituals and ceremonies, accompanying individuals from birth to death. For example, the sacrifice of a cow during naming ceremonies or funerals not only celebrates the occasion but also strengthens the community’s spiritual connection with their livestock. These rituals highlight the spiritual importance of cattle, seen as a link between the physical and spiritual worlds, thus firmly establishing their central role in Maasai culture.IV. Translation (15分)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.52. 农忙季节，这个偏远的小村子显得空荡荡的。(desert)53. 上海博物馆的埃及展太火爆了，根本抢不到票。(impossible)54. 虽然这部经典老片在1998年首映，但当它本月重新上映时，依然在影迷中引起了极大的反响。(release)55. 这位原本深耕于科研领域的女学者，凭借自己坚持不懈的努力，历经极度严苛的训练，最终成为了一名宇航员。(engage)V. Guided Writing (25分)Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，近日有一位外国视频博主Mike正在中国旅行，他计划制作一期关于中国的视频。现在他向广大网友征集相关视频素材，视频打算聚焦中国近年来的快速发展与变化，例如：高速铁路（high-speed trains）、共享单车（shared bicycles）、移动支付（mobile payment）、网上购物（online shopping）、外卖餐饮（food delivery）等方面。请你给他写一封邮件，为他提供具体的素材建议。内容须包括：1. 推荐你认为最具代表性的素材（1～2个）；2. 结合自身经历给出理由。答案 语法：1. whether 2. less productive 3. conducted 4. because/as/since5. may/might/can/could 6. listening 7. that/which 8. was used9. to boost 10. are词汇：11-15 HGABC 16-20 JIKDE 完型填空：21-25 ACCBD 26-30 ACDBA 31-35 BDBCB阅读：36-39 BADC40-42 DBC43-46 DACA47-50 CABF概要写作：51. 参考答案：Maasai life revolves around cattle. Cattle products such as milk and meat play a fundamental role in Massai diet, reflecting communities’ wealth and strength. Cattle also matter in social life as a sign of social status and a contributor to unity and teamwork. Furthermore, cattle hold value in Massai rituals and ceremonies, bridging spiritual and physical worlds in Massai culture. (60 words)提纲：Maasai life revolves around cattle: 1) Cattle products, including milk and meat + represent richness, strength and wealth.2) Cattle holds social value + reflect social status / promote unity and teamwork3) Cattle play a role in rituals and ceremonies + strengthen spiritual connection翻译： 52. 农忙季节，这个偏远的小村子里显得空荡荡的。(desert)In busy farming seasons, the small remote village looks/appears/seems deserted. 1’ 1’ 1’53. 上海博物馆的埃及展太火爆了，根本抢不到票。 (impossible)The Egyptian exhibition at the Shanghai Museum was so popular that it was almost 0.5’ 0.5’ 1’impossible to get/buy tickets. 1’54. 虽然这部经典老片在1998年首映，但当它本月重新上映时，依然在影迷中引起了极大的反响。(release)Although this classic film was first released in 1998, it still generated/aroused/caused a huge 0.5’ 1’ 1’response/feedback among fans when it was re-released this month. 0.5’ 1’55. 这位原本深耕于科研领域的女学者，凭借自己坚持不懈的努力，历经极度严苛的训练，最终成为了一名宇航员。(engage)This female scholar, originally deeply engaged in the field of scientific research, eventually 0.5’ 1’ 1’became/has become an astronaut through/with her persistent efforts and extremely strict 1’ 1.5’ training.写作：略 A. enterB. echoC. physicalD. linkedE. supposedF. initialG. literallyH. diverseweatherJ. alternativeK. effectively21.airgesturemoodoutlook22.threatbarrierchallengeopportunity23.HoweverTherefore InsteadMoreover24.mysteriousextraordinarypracticalspecific25.caringshiningwanderingwatching26.dancefloatmoveslide27.insightinnocencesoulsense28.betweenuponintowithin29.poetrystagematchmusic30.dimadjustflashfuel31.concealprojectstimulatesustain32.fall withinpersist inkeep offgo beyond33.overseenovershadowedoverestimatedoverlooked34.step awayfit instand outpush forward35.routineshellcirclespaceGoing underground?The Subway is the easiest way to get around the City Centre and West End of Glasgow. Running every four minutes at peak times, it takes just 24 minutes to complete a circuit of the 15 stations and costs from as little as £1.80 for an adult single to travel anywhere else on the system.First TrainsLast TrainsOuter CircleMon. to Sat.Sun.Outer CircleMon. to Sat.Sun.From Govan06:3010:00From Govan23:1617:50From St Enoch06:3410:03From St Enoch23:3018:03Inner CircleMon. to Sat.Sun.Inner CircleMon. to Sat.Sun.From Govan06:3010:00From Govan23:1617:50From St Enoch06:3210:00From St Enoch23:2818:00Subway ticketsTypeAdultChild*** unlimited travel for one day** Applies to children under 16 years old. Children under five travel for free if accompanied by a fare paying adult.Single£1.80£0.85Return£3.40£1.60All day*£4.30£2.15Previously, they’ve trained packs of hero rats to detect dangerous bacteria.Then they were introduced to common scents used to mask illegal wildlife trade.This effort aims to provide a low-cost detection system to prevent illegal hunting.However, there are concerns that the rats might be distracted by some common scents.Existing screening tools are expensive and time intensive, necessitating a new approach.For this purpose, these trained rats will be expected to work in likely hotspots for illegal wildlife trade.