上海市崇明区2024届高三上学期一模英语试卷(含答案)

这是一份上海市崇明区2024届高三上学期一模英语试卷(含答案)，共26页。试卷主要包含了听力题，阅读理解，完形填空，短文填空，书面表达，翻译题等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、听力题
1．听对话，选出最佳选项。
A. In a htel.B. In a bank.C. In a classrm.D. In a bx ffice.
2．听对话，选出最佳选项。
A. 18:25.B. 18:55.C. 19:05.D. 19:15.
3．听对话，选出最佳选项。
A. There are different kinds f flders.
B. It desn’t matter which clr she uses.
C. This decisin requires careful thught.
D. The clr shuldn’t suggest the cntent.
4．听对话，选出最佳选项。
A. He desn’t like the man.
B. He started the semester in a bad md.
C. He isn’t usually bad-tempered.
D. He’ll be under great pressure next week.
5．听对话，选出最佳选项。
A. Find an apartment sn.
B. Apply fr campus husing.
C. Avid living near the campus.
D. Share the place he’s renting.
6．听对话，选出最佳选项。
A. Their plans in the new semester.
B. The items they’re ging t deliver.
C. Their part-time jbs in the vacatin.
D. The daily rutines they share at schl.
7．听对话，选出最佳选项。
A. Buy Daisy a new ntebk.
B. Aplgize t Daisy again by phne.
C. G t see Daisy immediately.
D. Leave Daisy alne fr the time being.
8．听对话，选出最佳选项。
A. She desn’t have a cmputer.
B. She needs t have her cmputer repaired.
C. She can’t understand the instructins.
D. She has a dctr’s degree in cmputer science.
9．听对话，选出最佳选项。
A. He frgt t cancel the reservatin.
B. He desn’t knw hw t get t the restaurant.
C. They can g t the restaurant late at night.
D. They dn’t have a reservatin at the restaurant.
10．听对话，选出最佳选项。
A. He’s willing t help run the experiment.
B. He’s busy wrking n his wn experiment.
C. He can act as a subject in the experiment.
D. He thinks the experiment is hard t understand.
听下面一段独白，选出最佳选项。
11．A. A new educatinal thery.
B. An innvative try at teaching.
C. A diligent university student.
D. A serius subject in a university.
12．A. Serius subjects t write abut.
B. Fierce cmpetitin amng students.
C. Happy and cperative learning.
D. Varius tpics fr students t vte fr.
13．A. Suspicius at first but psitive later.
B. Welcme at first but uncertain later.
C. Disapprving at first but shcked later.
D. Excited at first but disappinted later.
听下面一段独白，选出最佳选项。
14．A. They are beneficial t his mind.
B. They are helpful t his scial relatinship.
C. They can bst the ty industry.
D. They can attract attentin t lder peple.
15．A. They nly reduce lneliness.
B. They limit reasning r thinking abilities.
C. They can’t imprve specific skills.
D. They can’t help maintain independent living.
16．A. The necessity f develping tys fr lder peple.
B. The type f tys that lder peple are interested in.
C. Ty makers’ effrt t prduce games fr lder peple.
D. Different views n the effects f tys n lder peple.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
17．A. A ghst stry.B. The bears’ habits.
C. A scary mvie.D. The camping atmsphere.
18．A. They may get lst in the dark.
B. Their fd may be stlen by bears.
C. Bears may mistake her fr fd.
D. There may appear ghsts in the wds.
19．A. Teach her wilderness first aid skills.
B. Share his rich camping experiences.
C. Guide her t breathe fresh air deeply.
D. Distract her attentin with ghst stries.
20．A. He dislikes watching mvies.
B. He’s fnd f being expsed t nature.
C. He’s gt little experience in camping.
D. He believes there are n bears in the wds.
二、阅读理解
Mst teachers assign nvels fr students t read nt write. But many teachers natinwide are nt nly asking students t read nvels but als giving them a mnth t write them. Yes, yu read that right: ne mnth.
Hwever, students participating in Nvember’s Natinal Nvel Writing Mnth (NaNWriM) d nt cmplain abut being verwrked. Instead, they have been knwn t ask, “Can we wrk n ur nvels tday?” That’s because, abve all, NaNWriM is meant t be fun. An exercise in “seat-f-yur-pants” nvel writing, it has almst n rules.
The Office f Letters and Light is the nnprfit behind the event. It believes this carefree apprach encurages writers t take imaginative risks and truly enjy their wrk. Funded in 1999, the adult versin f the event requires nly that yu cmmit yurself t making an attempt at nvel writing and submitting a nvel f 50,000 wrds, n matter hw gd r bad they are, by the end f Nvember.
Since 2005, NaNWriM has entered many classrms, including thse f Natinal Writing Prject teachers, thrugh its Yung Writers Prgram. In additin, teachers receive a classrm kit featuring a prgress chart, stickers t mark wrd cunts, and buttns fr writers wh crss the finish line.
Abut 1,800 classrms and 45,000 kids and teens participated last year. The rules fr under-18 writers are the same as thse fr adults. But there is ne imprtant exceptin: yung writers can pick their wn “reasnable yet challenging” wrd length. If a student elects t write, say, 18,000 wrds and achieves this gal in a mnth, he r she is a winner. Awards include a “handsme winner’s certificate” and a prmtinal cde t receive a free bund prf cpy f the finished nvel.
The Yung Writers Prgram als facilitates Script Frenzy, a similar scriptwriting (剧本写作) event that happens each April and challenges participants t write a 100-page script in 30 days.
While yung writers wrk primarily as individuals, teachers are als encuraged t write alng with them.
21．It can be inferred that students usually ________ after participating in NaNWriM.
A. enjy themselvesB. verlad themselves
C. lk curageusD. becme distracted
22．By “seat-f-yur-pants” in paragraph 2, the authr means ________.
A. the nvel writing activity gives its participants pants as awards
B. the participants have t stick n their seats fr lng writing nvels
C. the participants are free t write whatever nvels they can imagine
D. the nvel writing activity needs new rules fr participants t fllw
23．What can be learned abut the rules fr adlescent writers?
A. They shuld crss the finish line befre participating.
B. They can lengthen the duratin f their writing prcess.
C. They can decide n their nvels’ wrd cunts themselves.
D. They shuld submit nvels n their teachers’ recmmendatin.
24．The passage is mainly aimed at ________.
A. explaining the bjectives f an event
B. giving a general intrductin t an event
C. illustrating the benefits f nvel writing
D. attracting teachers t jin a writing prgram
25．The abve webpage is aimed at ________.
A. appealing t peple t preserve ancient heritage
B. guiding peple t invest in a sustainable business
C. attracting dnatins t Natinal Gegraphic Sciety
D. publicizing the missin f Natinal Gegraphic Sciety
26．T make yur cntributin twice as much, yu can ________.
A. supprt the mst pressing emplyer
B. reduce the tax attached t the dnatin
C. make it a gift in the name f yur friend
D. try yur cmpany’s matching gift prgrams
27．What can be learned abut Natinal Gegraphic Sciety?
A. It needs n perating csts.B. It is dedicated t prtecting nature.
C. Its missin hasn’t been recgnized.D. Its emplyees needn’t pay incme tax.
28． Mre than three billin peple rely n the cean t make a living, mst f whm are in develping cuntries. As the glbal ppulatin increases, the demand fr seafd is expected t rise, t.
Althugh cean ecsystems are stretched t the limit by climate change, verfishing and mre, studies nevertheless suggest that seafd can be expanded sustainably t meet future fd demands. Success will depend n small-scale fisheries. These fisheries can be remarkably efficient. Almst everything that hand-t-muth fisheries catch is cnsumed. By cntrast, arund 20% f the fish caught by industrial ships is estimated t be wasted, mainly because f unwanted by-catch.
Small fishers rarely have the right resurces t expand their peratins, r even t survive. If they d scale up, they might lse sme f their current advantages r engage in the same harmful practices as d large cmmercial fisheries. Managed with care, hwever, small fisheries culd prvide win-wins fr livelihds and the envirnment.
Mst natins already have management plicies fr marine ecsystems that prvide fr small-scale fisheries. But small-scale fishers’ rights t access are ften prly defined, ineffectively enfrced r unfairly distributed (分配). Gvernment subsidies (补贴) als require refrm. One estimate fund that large-scale fishers receive abut 3.5 times mre subsidies than small-scale fishers d. Instead, subsidies and ther funds shuld be directed twards small-scale fishers t let them expand their access t markets, while keeping them frm adpting the negative practices f large-scale peratins.
The ttal glbal lss and waste frm fisheries is estimated at between 30% and 35% annually primarily due t a lack f technlgy, gd manufacturing practices, and infrastructure such as decent rads and cld strage. Public and private investment in cld-strage facilities and prcessing equipment culd help. One prmising strategy is t pair internatinal r natinal funding with direct cntracts fr feeding prgrammes linked t schls, hspitals and similar facilities. Such arrangements wuld prvide small fisheries with large, cnsistent markets and strage infrastructure that bsts lcal cnsumptin and des nt incentivize (刺激) verfishing.
Mrever, simple incentive prgrammes culd be cnducted by funders, managers and lcal gvernments trying t prmte sustainable fisheries. Fr example, lcal markets culd display a rating system fr individual fishers r small fisheries. This culd include varius elements f sustainability ther than envirnmental nes — such as prviding infrmatin n the type f fishing equipment, lcatin f the catch and freshness. Prmting the rating as a scial respnsibility cncept wuld infrm cnsumers f the need t supprt sustainable fisheries.
Anyway, nly jint prblem-slving effrts can deliver seafd prtein, sustainably, t a wrld that increasingly needs it.
（1）The passage mainly tells us that ________.
A. small fisheries can help the wrld if managed with care
B. the glbal demand fr seafd is increasing dramatically
C. small-scale fisheries need t be cmmercialised urgently
D. peple in develping cuntries are mre reliable n fishing
（2）Small-scale fisheries are mre efficient because ________.
A. what they catch is hardly wasted
B. their by-catch accunts fr a larger share
C. they catch fish by industrial means
D. their peratin is limited within a small area
（3）What can be inferred abut small fisheries’ current situatin?
A. They gain n supprt frm gvernments.
B. They are expanding t meet lcal demands.
C. They have little access t gd resurces.
D. They impact marine ecsystems negatively.
（4）T prmte sustainable fisheries, which f the fllwing is ne f the authr’s suggestins?
A. T initiate a rating system fr small fishers t evaluate the lcal markets.
B. T prvide technlgy fr small fisheries t bst their fishing efficiency.
C. T inspire a sense f scial respnsibility in large-scale fishers and cnsumers.
D. T facilitate direct cperatin between small fisheries and feeding prgrammes.
三、完形填空（15空）
Sea levels alng castlines in the United States will rise abut ne ft by 2050, with larger increases n the East and Gulf casts, accrding t a cmprehensive new reprt by climate scientists.
Oceans have already risen abut ne ft in the last century, as climate change melts glaciers (冰川) and ice caps arund the wrld. But the pace is 1 scientists warn, and the next 30 years will see the same amunt f sea level rise as the previus 100.
The reprt gives the mst cncrete and certain sea level 2 ever published fr the U.S. And advances in cmputer mdels and real-wrld infrmatin abut rising seas make it pssible t see the future mre 3 than ever.
Sea level rise 4 dramatically fr different parts f the U.S. cast. The cean is nt like a bucket f water that rises at the same time as mre liquid is 5 . Ocean 6 push mre water int sme areas than thers. Ice in different regins melts at different rates. In many parts f the wrld, sea level rise is 7 because castal land is sinking.
The new reprt adds up all thse factrs t give 8 estimates fr different parts f the U.S. The authrs predict abut a ft and a half f sea level rise fr the Gulf Cast by 2050, with particular ht spts frm Texas t Mississippi, where explitatin f undergrund il, gas and drinking water is causing the land t rapidly 9 int the rising cean water. There are 10 ht spts in the Mid-Atlantic regin, including Annaplis, Md. and Nrflk, Va. Overall, the East Cast is 11 t experience a little mre than a ft f sea level rise in the next 30 years.
Sea level rise is happening mre 12 n the West Cast, including much f suthern and western Alaska, the reprt finds. The authrs predict abut six inches f sea level rise by 2050.
William Sweet, a sea level rise expert with the Natinal Oceanic and Atmspheric Administratin (NOAA) and ne f the authrs f the new reprt, says cities that are nt yet flded shuld 13 nw. Quickening sea level rise may require that humans 14 where and hw we build hmes, ffices, rads and anything else that is better dry than wet. Right nw, develpment in fld-prne (易发洪水的) areas is increasing, despite climate change.
Beynd 2050, the reprt makes clear that humans have a 15 : reduce greenhuse gas emissins and cntrl sea level rise, r keep burning fssil fuels and face ceans that are tw, three r even 10 feet higher than tday.
29．A. dying dwnB. paying backC. hlding nD. speeding up
30．A. recrdsB. extremesC. predictinsD. slutins
31．A. flexiblyB. clearlyC. randmlyD. incredibly
32．A. cntinuesB. impactsC. multipliesD. varies
33．A. addedB. drainedC. spiltD. needed
34．A. creaturesB. currentsC. ecsystemsD. vyages
35．A. stableB. crucialC. unlikelyD. wrse
36．A. natinalB. reginalC. apparentD. apprximate
37．A. digB. turnC. cllapseD. dive
38．A. similarB. sceneryC. distantD. diverse
39．A. prjectedB. bligedC. permittedD. nticed
40．A. sharplyB. mysteriuslyC. unexpectedlyD. slwly
41．A. make senseB. take nticeC. keep paceD. stay prud
42．A. schemeB. cancelC. changeD. delay
43．A. prmiseB. quarrelC. chiceD. prtest
四、短文填空
44．Life May Actually Flash Befre Yur Eyes n Death
New data frm a scientific “accident” has suggested that life may actually flash befre ur eyes as we die.
A team f scientists set ut t measure the brainwaves f an 87-year-ld patient wh① _____ (develp) epilepsy (癫痫) fr many years. But during the neurlgical (神经学的) recrding, he suffered a fatal heart attack,② _____ (ffer) an unexpected recrding f a dying brain.
It revealed that in the 30 secnds befre and after, the man’s brainwaves fllwed the same patterns as dreaming r recalling memries. Brain activity f this srt culd suggest that a final “recall f life” may ccur in a persn’s last mments, the team wrte in their study,③ _____ (publish) in Frntiers in Aging Neurscience n Tuesday.
Dr Ajmal Zemmar, a c-authr f the study, said that what the team, then based in Vancuver, Canada, accidentally gt,④ _____ (cnsider) the first-ever recrding f a dying brain. S will we get a glimpse back at thse mments ⑤ _____ we stayed with lved nes and ther happy memries? Dr Zemmar said it was impssible⑥ _____ (tell). “If I were t jump t the philsphical area, I wuld guess that if the brain did a flashback, it wuld prbably like t remind yu f gd things, rather than the bad things,” he said. “But ⑦ _____ is memrable wuld be different fr every persn.”
Dr Zemmar, nw a neursurgen at the University f Luisville, said in the 30 secnds⑧ _____ the patient’s heart stpped supplying bld t the brain, his brainwaves fllwed the same patterns as when we carry ut high-cgnitive demanding (高认知要求的) tasks, like cncentrating, dreaming r recalling memries. It cntinued 30 secnds after the patient’s heart stpped beating. “I think there’s⑨ _____ mysterius and spiritual abut this whle near-death experience,” Dr Zemmar said. “And findings like this — it’s a mment⑩ _____ scientists live fr.”
Hw Digital Mdeling Plays a Key Rle in Restring the Ntre Dame Cathedral (巴黎圣母院)
It’s been mre than fur years since a fire damaged Ntre Dame, the Cathlic cathedral in Paris that’s histrically drawn millins f visitrs every year.
Since then, peple frm arund the wrld have united t supprt an effrt,① _____ by French President, that’s intended t have the building back pen t the public by the end f next year. Teams wrking t restre the Gthic cathedral have② _____ t rebuild much f the damaged sectins using materials like ak wd (橡木) and stne that have std the test f centuries.
But the builders, architects and engineers d have the③ _____ f sme 21st century technlgies, including mdern building infrmatin mdeling (BIM) sftware that enables them t wrk with a(n)④ _____ detailed 3D digital mdel f the cathedral and surrunding site, backed by pwerful clud cmputing technlgy.
“It allws yu t really understand a lt f hw a building fits tgether, hw it’s cnstructed,” says Andrew Anagnst, CEO f design sftware⑤ _____ Autdesk. It has cntributed technical cnsulting, sftware and financial assistance t the prject since shrtly after the fire. A digital mdel, which tk mre than a year t create, includes mre than 12,000 bjects.
It was a cmplex prcess. Onsite wrkers captured the pint-by-pint 3D⑥ _____ f the cathedral with laser (激光) and pht equipment. Then, thers turned the data pints frm that prcess int detailed shapes and bjects, dwn t individual building stnes. That let experts see hw the building shifted in the fire — imprtant fr⑦ _____ any stability issues — and plan ut the prcess f recnstructin.
“It’s like Missin: Impssible when they plan,” says Niclas Mangn, VP f architecture, engineering and cnstructin industry strategy at Autdesk. “Every little piece is dne⑧ _____, and with the 3D mdel yu can simulate (模拟) everything.”
Even when the cathedral is ⑨ _____, the mdel may still serve imprtant rles. Mangn says the cmpany is currently in discussins abut using it t manage aspects f the cmplex ging frward, ⑩ _____ using sensrs that culd shw the exact lcatin f any future fires.
五、书面表达
46．Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint(s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Call a Physical Therapist
Yu get up frm the sfa and - w! Back pain takes yur breath away. D yu reach fr the pain pills? N! Call a physical therapist instead!
Mre and mre, physical therapy, r PT, is a cmmn g-t fr treating aches and pains. A physical therapist can treat almst any injury t give a patient a better quality f life. When it cmes t treatment, ne size des nt fit all. A physical therapist persnalizes a treatment plan based n their bservatins and the patient’s cncerns. The gal is t help injured r ill peple imprve mvement and manage pain, s they can live life t the fullest. These therapists wrk with patients wh suffer frm back r neck injuries. They help peple recver frm brken bnes and surgeries as well as wrk- r sprts-related injuries. Physical therapists als teach peple hw t stay in shape and prevent further injuries. Their hands-n (动手的) therapy includes strengthening r stretching exercises, ice r heat and mre.
N ne can becme a physical therapist withut getting a dctr f physical therapy degree. After cmpleting it, a persn must pass a prfessinal license exam befre beginning t practice. Further, being a physical therapist can be mentally and physically draining because f the hands-n, persnalized patient care required. A successful physical therapist needs t have great cmmunicatin skills and an eye fr detail. They shuld als be creative prblem slvers as well as resurceful.
Fr thse lking fr a satisfying career, PT is ne t cnsider. The demand fr the prfessin is grwing faster than that f many ther careers. Private clinics and hspitals hire physical therapists. Sprts facilities and prfessinal sprts teams als emply them. Therapists may wrk in skilled nursing facilities r visit patients in their wn hmes. If smene wants t see the wrld, they may want t becme a travel physical therapist.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
47． Directins: Write an English cmpsitin in 120—150 wrds accrding t the instructins given belw in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学高三学生徐晶，学校最近就如何组织好每天上午30分钟的大课间活动征求全校学生的意见。你给负责的王老师写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 有关组织大课间活动的建议；
2. 你的理由。
注意：不要在邮件中提及你的真实姓名和学校等相关信息。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
六、翻译题
48．这个保安负责又睿智，让公司避免了损失。(save) (汉译英)
_________________________________________________________________
49．他每月从生活费中留出一笔钱，以防患于未然。(case) (汉译英)
_________________________________________________________________
50．为了吸引听众的注意，这个心理专家在开始讲座前，分享了他自己悲伤却励志的成长故事。(draw) (汉译英)
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51．这个导览机器人在很多方面有了改进，不仅可以为参观者提供需要的信息，甚至还能带他们去目的地。(which) (汉译英)
_________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1．答案：B
解析：
2．答案：A
解析：
3．答案：B
解析：
4．答案：C
解析：
5．答案：A
解析：
6．答案：C
解析：
7．答案：D
解析：
8．答案：C
解析：
9．答案：D
解析：
10．答案：A
11．答案：B
解析：
12．答案：C
解析：
13．答案：A
解析：
14．答案：A
解析：
15．答案：D
解析：
16．答案：D
解析：
17．答案：D
解析：
18．答案：C
解析：
19．答案：D
解析：
20．答案：B
解析：
21．答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的That's because, abve all, NaNWriM is meant t be fun.(首先,这是因为NaNWriM旨在为学生带来快乐。)可知,学生在参加NaNWriM后通常会感到开心。故选A。
22．答案：C
解析：词句猜测题。根据第二段的it has almst n rules (几乎没有任何规则)可知,该小说写作练习没有规则限制学生,结合选项可知,则"参与者可以自由地写任何他们能想到的小说"能够解释seat-f-yur-pants。故选C。
23．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段的The rules frunder-18 writers are the same as thse fr adults. But there is ne imprtant exceptin: yung writers can pick their wn "reasnable yet challenging" wrd length、(18岁以下作家的规则与成年人的规则相同。但有一个重要的例外:年轻作者可以选择自己的合理但具有挑战性的单词数量。)可知,青少年作者可以自己决定所写的小说的字数。故选C。
24．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第一、二段的Yes, yu read that right: ne mnth. Hwever, students participating in Nvember's Natinal Nvel Writing Mnth (NaNWriM) d nt cmplain abut being verwrked. Instead, they have been knwnt ask, "Can we wrk n ur nvels tday? That's because, abve all, NaNWriM is meant t be fun. An exercise in "seat-f-yur-pants" nvel writing, it has almst n rules.(是的,你没看错:一个月。然而,参加11月全国小说写作月(NaNWriM)的学生并没有抱怨工作过度。相反,众所周知,他们会问: "我们今天能写小说吗? "这是因为,最重要的是,NaNWriM是为了好玩。这是一个"坐在你的裤子上"的小说写作练习,几乎没有规则。)可知,文章生要讲述了全国小说写作月活动的相关情况,该活动鼓励学生尽情发挥想象力,享受写作的乐趣,充分发挥学生的写作自由,即这篇文章主要是对一场活动做一般性的介绍。故选B。
25．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据右边第一个表格We've built a sustainable, innvative business mdel that allws us t invest every dllar yu dnate directly t ur Explrers and prgrams.(我们已经建立了一个可持续的、创新的商业模式,使我们能够将您捐赠的每一美元直接投资于我们的探索者和项目)以及Yur generus cntributin will immediately g t wrk supprting the things yu care passinately abut - nt perating csts.(您的慷慨捐助将立即用于支持您热衷的事情,而不是运营成本)可推知,上述网页旨在为国家地理学会吸引捐款。故选C。
26．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据最下面中间的表格Yu give an amunt and yur cmpany dnates thesame. Duble yur impact by explring yur emplyer's matching gift prgrams.(你捐出一笔钱,你的公司也会捐出同样的钱。通过探索雇主的配对礼物计划来扩大你的影响力)可知,如果你的捐款是原来的两倍,你可以试试公司的配对礼物计划。故选D。
27．答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据右边第一个表格When yu supprt the Natinal Gegraphic Sciety, nt nly are yu supprting yur passin fr the planet, but yu als help prtect its wnder. Yu ensure ur missin lives n s we can cntinue explring the planet, saving wildlife, prtecting ur cean, empwering the wrld's mst innvative scientists t help slve the planet's mysteries and challenges, and preserving ur ancient heritage(遗产)fr future generatins.(当你支持国家地理学会时,你不仅支持你对地球的热情,而且还帮助保护了它的奇迹。你们确保我们的使命得以延续,这样我们才能继续探索地球,拯救野生动物,保护海洋,让世界上最具创新精神的科学家帮助解决地球上的谜团和挑战,并为子孙后代保护我们的古老遗产)可知,国家地理学会致力于保护自然。A. It needs n perating csts.它不需要运营成本;B.It is dedicated t prtecting nature.它致力于保护自然;C. Its missin hasn't been recgnized.它的使命尚未得到承认;D.Its emplyees needn't pay incme tax.它的雇员不需要缴纳所得税。故选B。
28.
（1）答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。根据第二段Althugh cean ecsystems are stretched t the limit by climate change, verfishing and mre, studies nevertheless suggest that seafd can be expanded sustainably t meet future fd demands, Success will depend n small-scale fisheries. These fisheries can be remarkably efficient. Almst everything that hand-t-muth fisheries catch is cnsumed. By cntrast, arund 20% f the fish caught by industrial ships is estimated t be wasted, mainly because f unwanted by-catch.(尽管由于气候变化、过度捕捞等原因,海洋生态系统已经达到极限,但研究表明,海产品可以可持续地扩大,以满足未来的粮食需求。成功与否将取决于小规模渔业,这些渔场非常有效率。几乎所有的人工捕捞的渔获物披消耗掉。相比之下,据估计,工业船只捕获的鱼中约有20%被浪费了,主要是由于不必要的副渔获物)结合文章解释了小型渔业效率更高,因为他们捕获的东西几乎不会被浪费,但其生存也存在一些挑战,作者对此也给出了建议。可知,这篇文章主要告诉我们,如果管理得当,小型渔业可以帮助世界。故选A。
（2）答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段Success will depend n small-scale fisheries. These fisheries can be remarkably efficient. Almst everything that hand-t-muth fisheries catch is cnsumed. By cntrast, arund 20% f the fish caught by industrial ships is estimated t be wasted, mainly because f unwanted by-catch.(成功与否将取决于小规模渔业。这些渔场非常有效率。几乎所有的人工捕捞的渔获物披消耗掉。相比之下,据估计,工业船只捕获的鱼中约有20%被浪费了,主要是由于不必要的副渔获物)可知,小规模渔业效率更高,因为他们捕获的东西几乎不会被浪费。故选A。
（3）答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段Small fishers rarely have the right resurces t expand their peratins, r even t survive. If they d scale up, they might lse sme f their current advantages r engage in the same harmful practices as d large cmmercial fisheries.(小渔民很少有适当的资源来扩大他们的业务,甚至生存。如果它们确实扩大规模,它们可能会失去目前的一些优势,或者从事与大型商业渔业相同的有害做法)和第四段One estimate fund that large-scale fishers receive abut 3.5 times mre subsidies than small-scale fishers d.(一项估计发现,大型渔民获得的补贴大约是小型渔民的3.5倍)可知,小型渔场的现状是很少有机会获得好的资源。故选C。
（4）答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第三段One prmising strategy is t pair internatinal r natinal funding with direct cntracts fr feeding prgrammes linked t schls, hspitals and similar facilities.(一个有希望的策略是将国际或国家资助与与学校、医院和类似设施有关的供餐计划的直接合同结合起来)可知,为了促进可持续渔业,作者建议促进小型渔业和供餐项目之间的直接合作。故选D。
29．答案：D
解析：考查动词短语及语境理解。A.dying dwn逐渐衰弱;Bpaying back偿还;C.hlding n抓住;D.speeding up加速。句意:但科学家警告称,海平面上升的速度正在加快,未来30年的海平面上升幅度将与前100年持平。根据下文and the next 30years will see the same amunt f sea level rise as the previus 100"可知,接下来30年的海平面上升速度和前100的速度持平,说明海平面的上升速度在加快。故选D。
30．答案：C
解析：考查名词及语境理解。A.recrds记录;B.extremes极端;C.predictins预测;D.slutins解决方案。句意:该报告给出了美国有史以来最具体、最确定的海平面预测。根据下文And advances in cmputer mdels and real-wrld infrmatin abut rising seas可知,这份报告是基于计算机模型和海平面上升的真实信息做出的预测,这次预测非常确定而且具体。故选C。
31．答案：B
解析：考查副词及语境理解。A.flexibly灵活地;B.clearly清楚地;C.randmly随机地;D.incredibly难以置信地。句意:计算机模型和有关海平面上升的真实世界信息的进步使我们有可能比以往任何时候都更清楚地看到未来。根据上文The reprt gives the mst cncrete and certain sea level ____ever published fr the U.S.可知,这次的预测是最确定,并且最具体的,说明这次预测能够让人们更清楚的看到未来。故选B。
32．答案：D
解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.cntinues继续;B.impacts影响;C.multiplies乘以;D.varies (大小、形状等)相异。句意:美国海岸不同地区的海平面上升差异很大。根据下文Ice in different regins melts at different rates可知,不同区域的冰融化的程度不同,所以美国海岸不同地区的海平面上升的差异是很大的。故选D。
33．答案：A
解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.added加上;B.drained排干;C.spilt溢出;D.needed需要。句意:海洋不像一桶水在添加更多液体的同时上升。根据句中like a bucket f water that rises at the same time可知,桶里的水上升是因为液体被加入到了桶里。
34．答案：B
解析：考查名词及语境理解。A.creatures生物;B.currents水流;C.ecsyste生态系统;D.vyages航程。句意:洋流将比其他地区更多的水推入某些地区。根据常识以及空后push mre water int sme areas than thers可知,洋流推动了海洋的水流动,将比其他地区更多的水推入某些地区。故选B。
35．答案：D
解析：考查形容词及语境理解。A.stable稳定的;B.crucial关键的;C.unlikely不太可能的;D.wrse更糟的。句意:在世界许多地方,海平面上升的情况更糟,因为沿海土地正在下沉。根据空后because castal land is sinking可知,海平面在上升,而有些沿海的土地正在下沉,所以让情况变得更糟糕。故选D。
36．答案：B
解析：考查形容词及语境理解。A.natinal国家的;B.reginal区域的;C.apparent显然的;D.apprximate大约的。句意:新报告将所有这些因素相加,得出了美国不同地区的区域估计。根据下文"There are ___ ht spts in the Mid-Atlantic regin, including Annaplis, Md.and Nrflk,Va.可知,这份报告把所有的因素相加,对美国不同的地区做出评估,得出了结论。故选B。
37．答案：C
解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.dig挖; B.turn转动;C.cllapse塌陷;D.dive潜水。句意:作者预测,到2050年,墨西哥湾沿岸的海平面将上升约1.5英尺,特别是从得克萨斯州到密西西比州的热点地区,那里的地下石油、天然气和饮用水的开采正在导致土地迅速坍塌到不断上升的海水中。根据空前的explitatin f undergrund il, gas and drinking water可知,地下石油、天然气和饮用水的开采会导致该区域的土地坍塌。故选C。
38．答案：A
解析：考查形容词或名词及语境理解。A.similar类似的;B.scenery风景;C.distant远处的;D.diverse多种多样的。句意:大西洋中部地区也有类似的热点地区,包括马里兰州安纳波利斯和弗吉尼亚州诺福克。根据上文The authrs predict abut a ft anda half f sea level rise fr the Gulf Cast by 2050,with particular ht spts frm Texas t Mississippi,where explitatin f undergrund il, gas anddrinking water is causing the land t rapidly ___int the rising cean water.可知,墨西哥湾沿岸的海平面将上升约1.5英尺,特别是从得克萨斯州到密西西比州的热点地区,那里的地下石油、天然气和饮用水的开采正在导致土地迅速坍塌到不断上升的海水中,而且在大西洋中部地区也有类似的热点地区,也就是说在这里也有海平面快速上升的情况。故选A。
39．答案：A
解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.prjected计划;B.bliged义务;C.permitted允许;D.nticed注意到。句意:总体而言,预计未来30年东海岸的海平面将上升一英尺多一点。根据句中in the next 30years可知,在未来的30年,东海岸的海平面预计上升一英尺多一点。be prjected t d sth."预计做某事"。故选A。
40．答案：D
解析：考查副词及语境理解。A.sharply急剧地;B.mysteriusly神秘地;C.unexpectedly出乎意料的是;D.slwly慢速地。句意:报告发现,西海岸的海平面上升速度较慢,包括阿拉斯加南部和西部的大部分地区。根据下文"The authrs predict abut sixinches f sea level rise by 2050."可知,作者预测,到2050年,海平面将上升约6英寸,说明西海岸的海平面上升速度比东海岸慢。故选D。
41．答案：B
解析：考查动词短语及语境理解。A.make sense有道理;B.take ntice注意;C.keep pace保持配速;D.stay prud保持自豪。句意:美国国家海洋和大气管理局(NOAA)的海平面上升专家、新报告的作者之一William Sweet表示,尚未被洪水淹没的城市现在应该注意了。根据下文"Quickening sea level risemay require that humans ____ where and hw webuild hmes, ffices, rads and anything elsethat is better dry than wet."可知,没有被洪水淹没的城市也应该注意,在建造房屋等建筑物时需要改变地点以及建筑的方式。故选B。
42．答案：C
解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.scheme认为;B.cancel取消;C.change改变;D.delay延迟。句意:加速上升的海平面可能需要人类改变我们在何处以及如何建造房屋、办公室、道路和其他任何干燥而不潮湿的地方。根据句中"Quickening sea levelrise"可知,加速上升的海平面可能会改变人们建筑的方式和地点。故选C。
43．答案：C
解析：考查名词及语境理解。A.prmise承诺;B.quarrel争吵;C.chice选择;D.prtest抗议。句意:该报告明确指出,在2050年之后,人类有一个选择:减少温室气体排放,控制海平面上升,或者继续燃烧化石燃料,面对比今天高出2、3甚至10英尺的海洋。根据下文"reduce greenhuse gasemissins and cntrl sea level rise, r keepburning fssil fuels and face ceans that are tw,three r even 10 feet higher than tday"可知,减少温室气体排放,控制海平面上升,或者继续燃烧化石燃料,面对比今天高出2、3甚至10英尺的海洋,这是人类面临的一个选择。故选C。
44．答案：had develped；ffering；published；was cnsidered ； when；t tell；what；befre； smething；that/which
解析：①考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:一组科学家开始测量一名患有癫痫多年的87岁患者的脑电波。根据句中set以及后句中suffered可知,本句使用一般过去时,分析句子结构可知,wh引导修饰先行词patient的定语从句,并在句中作主语,空处作谓语,且develp发生在set ut之前,为“过去的过去”,故用过去完成时。故填had develped。
②考查现在分词。句意:但在神经系统记录中,他致命的心脏病发作,意外地记录了一个垂死的大脑。分析句子结构可知,suffered在句中作谓语,ffer作非谓语,且与逻辑主语he构成逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词作状语。故填ffering。
③考查过去分词。句意:该团队在周二发表在《衰老神经科学前沿》上的研究中写道,这种大脑活动可能表明,一个人生命的最后时刻可能会发生最后的"生命回忆"。分析句子结构可知,publish在句中作后置定语,且与被修饰词study构成逻辑上的被动关系,应用过去分词形式作定语。故填published。
④考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意:该研究的合著者Ajmal Zemmar博士说,当时驻扎在加拿大温哥华的研究小组意外得到的东西被认为是有史以来第一份关于垂死的大脑的记录。根据句中said 可知,空处应用一般过去时,分析句子结构可知,在that引导的宾语从句中,what the team, then based in Vancuver, Canada, accidentally gt作主语,空处应作谓语,且与句子主语构成被动关系,应用被动语态,从句在句中作主语,be动词应用was。故填was cnsidered。
⑤考查定语从句。句意:所以我们可以重温那些和亲人在一起的时刻和其他美好的回忆吗?分析句子结构可知,空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词mments,先行词指时间,且关系词在定语从句中作时间状语,故应用关系副词when。故填when。
⑥考查动词不定式。句意:Zemmar博士说这是不可能辨别的。分析句子结构可知,it在宾语从句中作形式主语,后面应用动词不定式作真正的主语。故填t tell。
⑦考查主语从句。句意:但是,对于每个人来说,难忘的东西是不同的。分析句子结构可知,空处引导主语从句,且在主语从句中作主语,根据句意应指难忘的东西,应用what引导从句。故填what。
⑧考查连词。句意:Zemmar博士现在是路易斯维尔大学的神经外科医生,他说,在患者心脏停止向大脑供血的前30秒内,他的脑电波遵循与我们进行高认知要求任务时相同的模式,如集中注意力、做梦或回忆。空处引导时间状语从句,根据第一段"New data frm a scientific "accident" has suggested that life may actually flash befre ur eyes as we die."可知,科学家们研究的是在人们快要死亡的时候的脑电波,也就是在心脏停止向大脑供血的前30秒,空处应用befre,表示"在之前"。故填befre。
⑨考查不定代词。句意:。我认为这整个濒死体验中有一些神秘和精神方面的东西,"Zemmar博士说。结合语意可知,此处表示"一些神秘和精神方面的东西,空处应用不定代词smething,表示"某些东西"。故填smething。
⑩考查定语从句。句意:像这样的发现--这是科学家们为之而活的时刻。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词mment,先行词指物,且关系词在定语从句中作宾语,故用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。
45．答案：GKAHFEBCJI
解析：①考查动词。句意:从那以后,世界各地的人们联合起来支持一项由法国总统发起的努力,该努力的目的是在明年年底之前让这座建筑重新向公众开放。根据"by French President"以及句意"发起"可知应填过去分词initiated,作定语修饰effrt。故选G。
②考查动词。句意:修复这座哥特式大教堂的团队试图用橡木和石头等经受了几个世纪考验的材料重建大部分受损部分。根据"t rebuild much f the damaged sectins using materials like ak wd"以及句意"试图"可知应填动词的过去分词形式sught,与空前的have构成现在完成时。故选K。
③考查名词。句意:但建筑商、建筑师和工程师确实拥有一些21世纪技术的优势,包括现代建筑信息模型(BIM)软件,该软件使他们能够在强大的云计算技术的支持下,对大教堂及其周边地区进行精心制作的3D数字模型。根据"including mdern building infrmatin mdeling (BIM) sftware"以及句意"优势"可知应填名词advantage,作宾语。故选A。
④考查副词。句意:但建筑商、建筑师和工程师确实拥有一些21世纪技术的优势,包括现代建筑信息模型(BIM)软件,该软件使他们能够在强大的云计算技术的支持下,对大教堂及其周边地区进行精心制作的3D数字模型。根据"detailed 3 D digital mdel f the cathedral"以及句意精心制作的"可知应填副词painstakingly,修饰detailed。故选H。
⑤考查形容词。句意:设计软件巨头欧特克(Autdesk)的首席执行官Andrew Anagnst表示:“它让你真正了解一栋建筑是如何组合在一起的,以及它是如何建造的。”根据"CEO f design sftware"以及句意"巨头"可知应填形容词giant,故选F。
⑥考查名词。句意:现场工作人员用激光和摄影设备逐点拍摄了大教堂的3D几何形状。根据"f the cathedral with laser and pht equipment"以及句意"几何“可知应填名词gemetry,作宾语。故选E。
⑦考查动词。句意:这让专家们看到了这座建筑在火灾中是如何移动的一这对预测任何稳定性问题都很重要一一-并规划出重建过程。根据"any stability issues - and plan ut the prcess f recnstructin"以及句意"预测"可知应填anticipate,作介词的宾语,应用动名词形式。故选B。
⑧考查副词。句意:"每一个小部件都是数字化的,有了3D模型,你可以模拟一切。"根据"with the3D mdel"以及句意"数字化"可知应填副词digitally.修饰动词dne。故选C。
⑨考查动词。句意:即使大教堂重新开放,该模型仍可能发挥重要作用。根据"Even when the cathedral is"以及句意"重新开放“可知应填动词的过去分词形式,与空前的is构成一般现在时的被动语态。故选J。
⑩考查副词。句意:曼贡说,该公司目前正在讨论用它来管理未来综合体的各个方面,可能会使用传感器来显示未来任何火灾的确切位置。根据"Mangn says the cmpany is currently in discussins abut using it t manage aspects f the cmplex ging frward"以及句意"可能"可知应填副词ptentially,修饰动词use。故选I。
46．答案： Physical therapists ffer persnalized treatment t imprve injured peple’s quality f life. They als teach peple t keep fit and avid further injuries. T becme a physical therapist needs t meet many requirements like a dctr’s degree, a prfessinal license, gd cmmunicatin skills, sensitivity fr detail and creative prblem-slving skills. Currently, there’s a grwing demand fr physical therapists.
解析：
47．答案： Dear Mr. Wang,
I am Xu Jing, a senir student. I am writing t share sme suggestins regarding hw t rganize ur daily 30-minute mid-mrning break activities.
I suggest incrprating a variety f activities during the break time. This culd include physical activities like sprts, dance r yga sessins, as well as creative activities such as art wrkshps r music clubs. Prviding diverse ptins wuld cater t different interests and allw students t chse activities that they enjy and find beneficial. In additin, it wuld be great t invlve student clubs and rganizatins in rganizing these activities. This nt nly ffers pprtunities fr student leadership and teamwrk, but it als ensures a wider range f ptins and prmtes a sense f belnging amng students.
I believe implementing these suggestins wuld make ur mid-mrning break mre enjyable and prductive. Thank yu fr taking the time t cnsider my suggestins.
Sincerely,
Xu Jing
解析：
48．答案：The security guard is respnsible and wise, and saved the cmpany frm lss.
解析：
49．答案：He set aside a sum f mney frm his living expenses each mnth in case f emergency.
解析：句子描述过去的一般情况,应用一般过去时,主语"他"he,"留出"set aside,谓语动词使用过去式形式,后接宾语"一笔钱"a sum f mney,"从生活费中"frm his living expenses,"每月"each mnth, "以防"使用介词短语in case f, f后接宾语emergency,表示"以防患于未然"。
50．答案：T draw the audience’s attentin, the psychlgist shared his sad but inspiring stry f grwing up befre starting the lecture.
解析：分析句子可知,"为了吸引听众的注意"在句中作目的状语,译为不定式短语t draw the audience'sattentin,主语"这个心理专家"用the psychlgist,谓语"分享"用动词share,讲述过去的事情,用一般过去时态,动词用过去式shared,宾语"他自己悲伤却励志的成长故事"用his sad but inspiring stry fgrwing up,其中形容词sad和inspiring作定语,时间状语"在开始讲座前"用介词短语befre starting thelecture,其中动名词作宾语。
51．答案：This guiding rbt, which has imprved in many aspects, can nt nly prvide visitrs with the infrmatin they need, but als even take them t their destinatin.
解析：分析句子可知,这个导览机器人不仅可以为参观者提供需要的信息,甚至还能带他们去目的地。是主句,其中主语"这个导览机器人"用this guiding rbt,"为提供"和"带去"是并列谓语动词,放在情态动词"可以"即can后分别用动词短语prvide... with..和take…t…表示,两个谓语部分用复合连词nt nly…but als…连接,意为"不仅还",宾语"参观者"用visitrs, "需要的信息"用the infrmatin they need,其中they need是定语从句,宾语"他们"用宾格代词them,"目的地"用their destinatin;"在很多方面有了改进"可处理为限制性定语从句,修饰主句主语this guiding rbt,指物,关系代词which将其代入从句作主语,谓语"改进"用动词imprve,陈述过去的事情对现在的影响用现在完成时态has imprved,状语"在很多方面"用介词短语in many aspects。
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45．A. advantage B. anticipating C. digitally D. facilitating E. gemetry
F. giant G. initiated H. painstakingly I. ptentially J. repened K. sught